Progress 10/01/16 to 09/30/21
Outputs
Target Audience:Dietary fiber is a nutrient of concern for Americans so this research helps define a fiber recommendation so the ultimate target audience is consumers. Researchers and health care professionals are also important target audiences. Changes/Problems:
Nothing Reported
What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?During the 5 years of the project, our laboratory group completed 3 PhDs in Nutrition, 2 PhDs in Food Science, 3 MS in Nutrition, 2 MS in Food Science, and hosted 6 undergraduate scholars, 3 of which were part of minority programs. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?Presentations on the relationship between dietary fiber and the gut microbiota were presented at FNCE and IFT. "They (and we) are what we eat: Linking diet and gut microbiome to human Health" presented at, AAAS Annual Meeting, recorded in December 2020 for presentation in February 2021 Many other dietary fiber presentations, many remotely. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?
Nothing Reported
Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals?
In both our in vivo and in vitro studies, we identified isolated dietary fibers that meet a physiological definition for dietary fiber and can now be included in the Nutrition Facts panel for dietary fiber. Additionally, we measured the physiological outputs of novel dietary fibers and published original work on the microbiota after consumption of dietary fiber. We published systematic reviews on dietary fiber and also expanded our work into both novel dietary fibers that could be added to beverages on whole plant foods and physiological benefits.
Publications
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2021
Citation:
1. Swanson KS, de Vos WM, Martens EC, Gilbert JA, Menon RS, Sota-Vaca A, Hautvast J, Meyer PD, Borewicz K, Vanghan EE, Slavin JL. (2020) Effect of fructans, prebiotics and fibres on the human gut microbiome assessed by 16S rRNA-based approaches: A review. Beneficial Microbes. 11(2):101-129.
2. Dayib M, Larson J, Slavin J. (2020) Dietary fibers reduce obesity-related disorders: Mechanisms of action. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care 23(6):446-450..
3 Marco M, Hill C, Hutchins R, Slavin J, Tancredi DJ, Merenstein D, Sanders ME. (2020) Should there be a recommended daily intake of microbes? J Nutr 22:1-7.
4. Larson R, Nelson C, Korczak R, Willis H, Erickson J, Wang Q, Slavin J. (2021) Acacia gum is well tolerated while increasing satiety and lowering peak blood glucose response in healthy human subjects. Nutrients 13(2), 618..
5. Schulz R, Slavin J. (2021) Perspective: Defining carbohydrate quality for human health and environmental sustainability. Adv Nutr 12(4):1108-1121.
6. Comerford KB, Papanikolaou Y, Jones JM, Rodriguez J, Slavin J, Angahi S, Drewnowski A. (2021) Toward an evidence-based definition and classification of carbohydrate food quality: An expert panel report. Nutrients 13,2667. https://doi.org.10.3390/nu13082667.
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Progress 10/01/19 to 09/30/20
Outputs
Target Audience:Our work on dietary fiber has been published in the scientific literature, but also shared at national meetings of food scientists, nutritionists, and dietitians. It has also been shared with consumers. Changes/Problems:COVID-19 and the shutdown of our laboratory in March has presented challenges in completing lab sork. As we are still working remotely and will be most likely through 2021, this provides challenges, but also opportunities. Our resistant starch project will be delayed by one year, but we will modify oru approach to accomplish our goals. This pause has also allowed more systematic reviews and data analysis projects which lprovides new opportunities and training for students. Different, but mostly positive. What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?During 2020, our lab completed 2 PhD students and 1 MS student. Additionally, we had a honors undergraduate student who published a fiber paper with us. We currently has 1 PhD student and 4 MS students who are completing research on the gut microbiome, carbohydrate quality, and resistant starch measures. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?Dr. Slavin has given invited session on the gut microbiome at the American Society of Nutrition meeting and FNCE meeting in 2020. Additionally, she spoke at the 2020 IFT meeting on dietary guidance and challenges of trends like clean label for enriched grains. She is speaking on the gut microbiome for the 2021 AAAS meeting and that session was recently recorded. Although there are challenges with remote meetings, the work for their lab continues to get disseminated to communties of interest. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?We will continue our work on isolated fibers and hope to get results published in 2021. We have lprojects funded to measure dietary fiber as resistant starch in common foods to provide important information to nutrient databases for commonly consumed foods. If we want to increase dietary fiber intake - which we must as a nutrient of concern - we need to improve measurement of dietary fiber intake in population studies and also consider opportunities for enrichment of foods and beverages with dietary fibers. These efforts will continue.
Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals?
We continue to complete studies of isolated dietary fibers, including arabinogalactan and partially hydrolyzed guar gum. Additionally, we have been active in studying fermented foods and pre and probiotics. Additionally we work on plant foods, including pulses, whole grains, and vegetables and publish work on definitions and food sources. Promoting plant sources for their dietary fiber content, as well as their content of plant proteins and phytochemicals continues to be a focus. Support for dietary guidance on carbohydrate sources beyond fiber also fits in our scope of practice. Work on measures of carbohydrate quality and promoting the importance of refined, enriched carbohydrates staples is also included in our body of work.
Publications
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2020
Citation:
1. Korczak R, Slavin JL. (2020) Dietary fiber and whole grains: Definition, regulations, and new frontiers. Nutr Rev Aug 1; 78(Suplement 1):6-12.
2. Paruzyhski H, Korczak R, Wang Q, Slavin J. (2020) A pilot and feasibility study of oatmeal consumption in children to assess markers of bowel function. J. Medicinal Foods. doi: 10.1089/jmf.2019.0158.
3 Willis HJ, Slavin JL. (2020) The influence of diet interventions using whole, plant food on the gut microbiome: A narrative review. J. Acad Nutrt Diet. 120(4):608623.
4. Hirahatake KM, Astrup A, Hill JO, Slavin JL, Allison DB, Maki KC. (2020) Potential cardiometabolic health benefits of full-fat dairy: The evidence base. Adv Nutr 11:533-547.
5. Swanson KS, de Vos WM, Martens EC, Gilbert JA, Menon RS, Sota-Vaca A, Hautvast J, Meyer PD, Borewicz K, Vanghan EE, Slavin JL. (2020) Effect of fructans, prebiotics and fibres on the human gut microbiome assessed by 16S rRNA-based approaches: A review. Beneficial Microbes. 11(2):101-129.
6. Raiten DJ, Allen LH, Slavin JL, Mitloehner FM, Thoma GJ, Haggerty PA, Finley JW. (2020) Understanding the intersection of climate-environmental change, heath, agriculture and improved nutrition: A case study on micronutrient nutrition and animal source foods. Curr Develop Nutr;May 27;4(7);nxaa087.
7. Papanikolaou Y, Slavin J, Clemens R, Brenna T, Hayes D, Gaesser G, Fulgoni V. (2020) Do refined grains have a place in a healthy dietary pattern: Perspectives from an expert panel consensus meeting. Curr Develop Nutr July 16;4(10):nzaa125125.
8. Dayib M, Larson J, Slavin J. (2020) Dietary fibers reduce obesity-related disorders: Mechanisms of action. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care 23(6):446-450..
210. Marco M, Hill C, Hutchins R, Slavin J, Tancredi DJ, Merenstein D, Sanders ME. (2020) Should there be a recommended daily intake of microbes? J Nutr 22:1-7.
9. Havemeir SM, Slavin JL. (2020) Pulses and legumes: Nutritional opportunities and challenges. Cereal Foods World Volume 65(2): DOI. httpsL//doi.org/10.1094/CFW-65.2.0021.
10. Ahnen RT, Omolo M, Mottet R, Slavin J. (2020) Carbohydrates. Chapter in Present Knowledge in Nutrition, 11th edition, k Marriott BP, Birt DF, Stallings VA, Yates AA, eds. ILSI, Elsevier, Volume 1, , Chapter 3, pp 37-50.
11. Heinen E, Ahnen RT, Slavin J. (2020) Fermented foods and the gut microbiome. Nutrition Today 55(4):163-167..
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Progress 10/01/18 to 09/30/19
Outputs
Target Audience:All consumers, but specifically also dietitians and health professionals Changes/Problems:
Nothing Reported
What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?Currently we have 6 graduate students in our group, working on dietary fiber projects: Rylee Ahnen, Rachel Mottet (PhD Nutrition), Morrine Osmolo (PhD Food Science), Madeline Emanuel, Jacob Larson (MS Nutrition), and Samantha Baumann (MS Food Science). In 2019, Riley Larson completed her MS in Nutrition on the acacia gum project and Courtney Nelson completed an undergraduate honors project on the acacia gum project. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?We presented work at the American Society of Nutrition meeting in Baltimore in June 2019. Additionally, Dr. Slavin presented 3 webinars in 2019 that described new carbohydrate recommendations, how dietary guidelines are developed, and the relationship between prebiotics, probiotics, and fermented foods and the gut microbiota. In all cases, these webinars were attended by more than 2500 dietitians and health professionals. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?1. submit research papers from acacia gum study and PHGG study. 2. conduct and report results of inulin from foods vs. supplements on gastrointestinal tolerance and satiety 3. submit research paper on in vitro results from yeast fermentate and microbiota.
Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals?
We completed work on dietary recommendations for both whole grains and pulses. Additionally, most of our research was on changes in the gut microbiota with dietary intervention. Review on whole grains and the gut microbiota and whole foods and the gut microbiota were published. We completed feeding studies on acacia gum and blood glucose response and partially hydrolyzed guar gum and the gut microbiota. We also published a review paper on fermented foods and health outcomes. In vitro fermentation studies were completed with yeast culture.
Publications
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2019
Citation:
1. Koecher KJ, McKeown NM, Sawicki CM, Menon RS, Slavin JL. (2019) The effect of whole grain consumption on changes in fecal microbiota: A review of human intervention trials. Nutr Rev 77(7):487-497.
2. Ahnen RT, Jonnalagadda SS, Slavin JL. (2019) The role of plant protein in nutrition, wellness, and health. Nutr Rev doi: 10.1093/nutrit/nuz028.
3. Korczak R, Slavin JL. (2019) Dietary fiber and whole grains: Definition, regulations, and new frontiers. Nutr Rev (in press).
4. Paruzyhski H, Korczak R, Wang Q, Slavin J. (2019) A pilot and feasibility study of oatmeal consumption in children to assess markers of bowel function. J. Medicinal Foods. doi: 10.1089/jmf.2019.0158.
5. Willis HJ, Slavin JL. (2019) The influence of diet interventions using whole, plant food on the gut microbiome: A narrative review. J. Acad Nutr Diet. (in press).
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Progress 10/01/17 to 09/30/18
Outputs
Target Audience:Target audience is researcher, dietitians and other health professionals, and consumers Changes/Problems:
Nothing Reported
What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?Although there is no fudning for graduate students or undergraduate students in this project, the support has helped us train 3 PhD students, Jennifer Erickson, Justin Carlson, and Julie Hess. Both MS students and undergraduate students worked in our lab and received training on dietary fiber techniques and clinical trial expertise. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?Dr. Slavin and her graduate students have presented results at scientific meetings including dietetic meetings, local and national. Results were also presented at the AACCi meeting in London UK. In December, Dr. Slavin presented a webinar on gut health and the microbiota that was attended by 2500 food and nutrition professionals. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?We are currently engaged in 2 clinical trials on dietary fiber. We are examining the effect of acacia fiber on blood glucose response and satiety. We are also studying the effect of partially hydrolyzed guar gum (PHGG) on the gut microbiota and immune response.
Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals?
Our laboratory completed in vitro studies comparing various dietay fibers and their fermetation profiles. We also completed a mushroom feeding study where we determined satiety and gut function, including fecal microbiota. Additional studies were conducted on the prebiotic potential of dvarious fibers.
Publications
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2018
Citation:
1. Erickson J, Carlson J, Stewart M, Slavin J. (2018) Fermentability of novel type-4 resistant starches in in vitro systems. Foods 7,18; doi:10.3390/foods7020018.
2. Hess JM, Slavin JL. (2018) The benefits of defining snacks . Physiology & Behavior https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physbeh.2018.04.019.
3. Carlson J, Erickson JM, Lloyd B, Slavin J. (2018) Health effects and sources of prebiotic dietary fiber. Curr Dev Nutr 2018;2:nzy005.
4. Korczak R, Slavin J. (2018) Fructooligosaccharides and appetite. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care 21:377-380.
5. Klurfeld DM, Davis CD, Karp RW, Allen-Vercoe E, Change EB, Chaissaing B, Fahey GC, Hamaker BR, Holscher HD, Lampe JW, Marette A, Martens E, O-Keefe LKSJ, Rose DJ, Saarela M, Schneeman BO, Slavin JL, Sonnenburg JL, Swanson KS, Wu GD, Lynch CJ. (2018) Considerations for best practices in studies of fiber or other dietary components and the intestinal microbiome. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab doi: 10:1152/ajpendo.00058.2018.
6. Vega-Lopez S, Venn BJ, Slavin JL (2018) Relevance of the glycemic index and glycemic load for body weight, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease. Nutrients 10, 1361:doi:10,3390/nu10101361,
7. Hess J, Wang Q, Gould T, Slavin J (2018) Impact of Agaricus bisporus mushrooms consumption on gut health markers in healthy adults. Nutrients 10, 1402;doi:10.3390/nu10101402.
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Progress 10/01/16 to 09/30/17
Outputs
Target Audience:Our work reaches dietitians, other health professionals, and consumers Changes/Problems:
Nothing Reported
What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?I completed 2 PhD students and 2 MS students this year on the topic of dietary fiber metabolism. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?I gave dietary fiber talks at AOAC, AACCi, and FNCE meetings in 2017. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?We will complete our work with the mushroom study and publish the results. We continue to work in dietary fiber and gut health and have a funded study on oat fiber and gut health. We also are pursuing funding on pulses and gut health.
Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals?
We accomplished research projects on fiber sources (mushrooms, pulses), in vitro studies on fiber fermentation, and research on satiety of different fiber sources. We also wrote review articles on fiber needs of children and differences among fibers on saitety and food intake. For our mushroom feeding study we are measuring gut health markers including micoriobiota.
Publications
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2017
Citation:
Mannangeli CPF, Curran J, Barr SI, Slavin J, Puri S, Swaminathan S, Tapsell L, Patterson CA. Enhancing nutrition with pulses: defining a recommend serving size for adults. Nutr Rev 2017; 75(12):990-1006.
Hess JM, Slavin JL. Health snacks: Using nutrient profiling to evaluate the nutrient-density of common snacks in the United States. J Food Sci 2017;82(9):2213-2220.
Poutanen KS, Dussort P, Erkner A, Fiszman S, Karnik K, Kristensen M, Marsaux CF, Miquel-Kergoat S, Pentikainen SP, Putz P, Slavin JL, Steinert RE, Mela DJ. A review of the characteristics of dietary fibers relevant to appetite and energy intake outcomes in human intervention trials. Am J Clin Nutr 2017;106(3):747-754.
Slavin j. Do sugar-sweetened beverages cause obesity and diabetes? Ann Intern Med 2017;167(10;71-72.
Hess JM, Wang Q, Kraft C, Slavin JL. Impact of Agaricus bisporus mushroom consumption on satiety and food intake. Appetite 2017;Oct 1;117:179-185.
Korczak R, Kamil A, Fleige L, Donovan SM, Slavin JL. Dietary fiber and digestive health in children. Nutr Rev 2017;75(4):241-259.
Erickson J, Korczak R, Wang Q, Slavin J. Gastrointestinal tolerance of low FODMAP oral nutrition supplements in health human subjects; a randomized, controlled trial. Nutr J. 2017 May 25:16(1).35.
Hess J, Rao G, Slavin J. The nutrient density of snacks: A comparison of nutrient profiles of popular snack foods using nutrient-rich foods index. Glob Pediatr health. 2017 Mar 30:4:2333794X17698525.
Erickson J, Wang Q, Slavin J. White grape juice elicits a lower breath hydrogen response compared with apple juice in health human subjects: A randomized controlled trial. J Acad nutr Diet 2017;117(6):903-913.
Havemeier S, Erickson J, Slavin J. Dietary guidance for pules: the challenge and opportunity to be part of both the vegetable and protein food groups. Ann NY Acad Sci 2017 Mar;1392(1)58-66.
Erickson J, Sadeghirad B, Lyhvyn L, Slavin J, Johnston BC. The scientific basis of guidelines recommendations on sugar intake: A systematic review. Ann Intern Med 2017;166(4):257-267.
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