SOIL, WATER, AND ENVIRONMENTAL PHYSICS ACROSS SCALES

• Sponsoring Institution: National Institute of Food and Agriculture
• Project Status: TERMINATED
• Funding Source: HATCH
• Reporting Frequency: Annual
• Accession No.: 1009808
• Project No.: MICL04146
• Multistate No.: W-3188
• Project Start Date: Jun 15, 2016
• Project End Date: Sep 30, 2019

Project Director
Zhang, WE.

Recipient Organization
MICHIGAN STATE UNIV
(N/A)
EAST LANSING,MI 48824

Performing Department
Plant, Soil and Microbial Science

Non Technical Summary
Emerging contaminants including pharmaceuticals, engineered nanoparticles, and microbial pathogens are increasingly threatening ecosystem and human health. Thus, it is important to study the transport of emerging contaminants in soil and water environment in order to develop scientifically-sound mitigation strategies. We will mechanistically examine the fate and transport of pharmaceuticals, colloids and nanoparticles, and microorganisms in surface and subsurface flows. Objectives are: 1) Understand fundamental factors governing the transport of water and emerging contaminants of dissolved and colloidal forms in soil and water environments; 2) Develop scientifically-sound mitigation strategies to reduce environmental impacts of soil and water contaminations.Knowledge gained will help improve process-based modeling of contaminant transport in surface and subsurface flows. Improved assessment of contaminant retention and transport in soil ecosystems will contribute to management strategies to mitigate the spread of emerging contaminants in the environment, thus protecting human and ecosystem health.

Animal Health Component

0%

Research Effort Categories

Basic

60%

Applied

20%

Developmental

20%

Classification

Knowledge Area (KA)	Subject of Investigation (SOI)	Field of Science (FOS)	Percent
102	0110	2010	10%
104	0110	2050	80%
111	0110	2010	10%

Knowledge Area
102 - Soil, Plant, Water, Nutrient Relationships; 104 - Protect Soil from Harmful Effects of Natural Elements; 111 - Conservation and Efficient Use of Water;

Subject Of Investigation
0110 - Soil;

Field Of Science
2010 - Physics; 2050 - Hydrology;

Keywords

emerging contaminants

pharmaceuticals

nanoparticles

microorganisms

soil

water

Goals / Objectives
To improve our fundamental understanding of soil physical properties and processes, and how they interact with other environmental and biogeochemical processes across various spatial and temporal scales. To extend our knowledge of scale-appropriate methodologies to improve stakeholder-management of soil and water resources that benefit agricultural, natural resource and environmental sustainability.

Project Methods
A combination of experimental techniques across molecular, batch-type, soil-column, and plot scales will be used and integrated to achieve our objectives. For dissolved emerging contaminants, batch sorption isotherms will be measured, and sorption parameters will be explained in terms of contaminant chemistry and fundamental soil geosorbent properties such as specific surface area, functionality, and pore-size distribution. For colloidal contaminants, deposition/attachment experiments to collector surfaces will be performed as influenced by solution chemistry, and physicochemical properties of collector surfaces. Column transport experiments will be used to probe transport parameters in flow-through systems. Results from sorption/deposition and column transport experiments will be corroborated with the results from plot-scale experiments under more realistic conditions.

Progress 06/15/16 to 09/30/19

Outputs
Target Audience:The target audience includes the scientific community and extension professionals in soil and water sciences, enviornmental science, and animal manure mangement. Changes/Problems: Nothing Reported What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?This project provided tranining for two graduate students. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?Results have been disseminated to communities of interest by conference presentations and journal publications. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals? Nothing Reported

Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals? We mainly focused on understanding the fate and transport of emerging contaminants as influenced by soil physical, chemical and biological factors. In addressing Objective 1, we have investigated plant uptake of pharmaceuticals and silver nanoparticles, as well as antibiotic resistance genes and bacterial communities in soil, water and plant samples.We examined the pharmaceutical uptake by greenhouse lettuce under soil-surface and overhead irrigation, and found that the overhead irrigated lettuce had greater pharmaceutical residues than soil-surface irrigated lettuce. Using high throughput qPCR and 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing techniques, we examined the level and type of ARGs and bacterial communities in soil, lettuce root, and shoot samples. Lettuce shoots under soil-surface irrigation had lower abundance and diversity of ARGs and bacteria than those under overhead irrigation, probably suggesting lower risks of producing fresh produce with high abundance of ARGs by soil-surface irrigation. We also studied theSalmonellasurvival, bacterial communities,and ARGs on lettuce shoots under soil-surface irrigation with antibiotics-contaminated water using a culture-dependent isolation method. Recently we studied the contribution of stomata to the internalization of silver nanoparticles into plant leaves using four Arabidopsis thaliana types (including two ecotypes ler and col-7 and their respective mutants ost1-2 and scord7). The Arabidopsis mutants (ost1-2 and scord7) are defective in the abscisic acid (ABA)-regulated stomata closure. To address Objective 2, we investigated sorption of antibiotic lincomycin to biochar. Biochar is widely considered as a soil amendment for agronomic and environmental benefits. We examined the sorption isotherms and sorptin kinetics from which we elucidated sorption mechanisms. We also developed an effective and quick method to characterize organic carbon released from biochars. We studied the effect of biochar addition on the uptake of silver ions, silver nanoparticle and pharmceuticals by lettuce. Finally, we studied the photocatalytic degradation of cephalexin by ZnO nanowires.

Publications

• Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: He, J., Y. Zhang, Y. Guo, G. Rhodes, J. Yeom, H. Li, and W. Zhang. 2019. Photocatalytic degradation of cephalexin by ZnO nanowires under simulated sunlight: Kinetics, influencing factors, and mechanisms. Environment International, 132, 105105.
• Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Shen, Y., R.D. Stedtfeld, X. Guo, G.D. Bhalsod, S. Jeon, J.M. Tiedje, H. Li, and W. Zhang. 2019. Pharmaceutical exposure changed antibiotic resistance genes and bacterial communities in soil-surface- and overhead-irrigated greenhouse lettuce. Environment International, 131, 105031.
• Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Chuang, Y.-H., C.-H. Liu, J.B. Sallach, R. Hammerschmidt, W. Zhang, S.A. Boyd, and H. Li. 2019. Mechanistic study on uptake and transport of pharmaceuticals in lettuce from water. Environment International, 131, 104976.
• Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Liu, C.-H., Y.-H. Chuang, H. Li, S.A. Boyd, B.J. Teppen, J.M. Gonzalez, C.T. Johnston, J. Lehmann, and W. Zhang. 2019. Long-term sorption of lincomycin to biochars: The intertwined roles of pore diffusion and dissolved organic carbon. Water Research, 161, 108-118.
• Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Chen, Z., W. Zhang, L. Yang, R.D. Stedtfeld, A. Peng, C. Gu, S.A. Boyd, and H. Li. 2019. Antibiotic resistance genes and bacterial communities in cornfield and pasture soils receiving swine and dairy manures. Environmental Pollution, 248, 947-957.
• Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: L., Y., J.B. Sallach, W. Zhang, S.A. Boyd, and H. Li. 2019. Insight into the distribution of pharmaceuticals in soil-water-plant systems. Water Research, 152, 38-46.
• Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Liu, C.-H., W. Chu, H. Li, S.A. Boyd, B.J. Teppen, J. Mao, J. Lehmann, and W. Zhang. 2019. Quantification and characterization of dissolved organic carbon from biochars. Geoderma, 335, 161-169.
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: He, J., L. Zhang, S.Y. He, E. Ryser, H. Li, and W. Zhang. 2019. Role of stomata in foliar sorption of silver nanoparticles by Arabidopsis thaliana. ACS National Meeting & Exposition, San Diego, CA, August 25-29 (Oral presentation).
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Shen, Y., W. Zhang, Hui Li, and E. Ryser. 2019. Antibiotic resistance genes, microbiomes, and Salmonella survival in lettuce exposed to antibiotics via soil surface irrigation. ACS National Meeting & Exposition, San Diego, CA, August 25-29.
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Zhang, W., J. He, L. Zhang, S. Y. He, E.T. Ryser, and H. Li. 2019. Stomata facilitated sorption of silver nanoparticles by Arabidopsis thaliana. EGU General Assembly 2019, Vienna, Austria, April 7-12.

Progress 10/01/17 to 09/30/18

Outputs
Target Audience:The target audience is the scientific community and extension professionals in soil and water science, environmental science and engineering, animal manure management, etc. Changes/Problems: Nothing Reported What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?This project provided training for two graduate students and one post-doctorate researchassociate. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?Journal publications and conference presentations were the main forms of knowledge dissemination to communities of interest. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?We will continue the USDA-funded project on interactions between fresh produce (lettuce, spinach, and tomato) and engineered nanoparticles. We will continue the work on photo-degradation of pharmaceuticals by engineered nanoparticles in the context of removing trace contaminants from agricultural irrigation water, thus decreasing the bioreactivity of the contaminants. We will continue to investigate soilbiochar amendment as a sustainable agricultural practice. Several manuscripts will be published, including the effect of pharmaceutical exposure on bacterial community and ARG profile, and the photocatalytic degradation of pharmaceuticals by ZnO nanowires. We will continue to study the transport of pharmaceuticals in soil and water environment. Furthermore, we will investigate bacterial response to antibiotic selective pressure under the influence ofphysicochemical factors in soil and water environment, and how the bacterial response interplays with pathogen survival in soils and vegetables. We plan to disseminate new results to interested stakeholders through scientific conference presentations, journal publications, or other viable outreach venues.

Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals? We investigated the pharmaceutical residues, bacterial communities and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in lettuce and soil when irrigating with pharmaceuticals-contaminated waters. Building on the prior results, as pharmaceutical exposure will change bacterial communitiesin soils and lettuce, we are currently assessing whether pharmaceutical exposure through soils and irrigation water could influence the survival of human pathogens in vegetables, due to competition between native bacteria and invading pathogens. This work is onging. Several manuscripts were published on the above topics last year, and several othermanuscripts arecurrently in reviewor under preparation. We started investigating the contribution of stomata to the internalization of ENPs into plant leaves. We established the cultivation of four Arabidopsis thaliana types (two ecotypes ler and col-7 and their respective mutants ost1-2 and scord7) in growth chambers. The Arabidopsis mutants are defective in the abscisic acid (ABA)-regulated stomata closure. The stomata images in the presence and absence of ABA were captured by confocal laser scanning microscope, from which the stomata aperture was measured. The stomata aperture of Arabidopsis ecotypes and mutants agreed with the expected responses of these plants to the ABA exposure. The kinetic and equilibrium sorption of nano-Ag to the Arabidopsis leaves was investigated with and without ABA. The results will allow us indisputably demonstrate the role ofstomata in the internalization of ENPs. Finally, we continued collaboration with Chinese scientists in fundamental scientific research on several topics including the role of extraceullar DNA on contaminant sorption to clays, the integrative assessment of river water quality by transcriptomic analysis, the adsorption of Se(IV) and Se(VI) to metal-organic frameworks material, the impact of roxarsone exposure to nitrogen removal and bacterial community in biological sequential batch reactors, the meta-analysis of antibiotics in China's major rivers and seas (2005-2016), and the effect of biochar addition to soils on zinc uptake by wheat and rice. The goal of international research is to increase communication in basic agricultural and environmental science, and encourage international cooperation.

Publications

• Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: Zhang, Y., S.A. Boyd, B.J. Teppen, J.M. Tiedje, W. Zhang, D. Zhu, and H. Li. 2018. Bioavailability of tetracycline to antibiotic resistant Escherichia coli in water-clay systems. Environmental Pollution. 243, 1078-1086.
• Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: Chuang, Y.-H., C.-H. Liu, R. Hammerschmidt, W. Zhang, S.A. Boyd, and H. Li. 2018. Metabolic demethylation and oxidation of caffeine during uptake by lettuce. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 66(30), 79077915.
• Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: Li, Y., Y.-H. Chuang, J.B. Sallach, W. Zhang, S.A. Boyd, and H. Li. 2018. Potential metabolism of pharmaceuticals in radish: Comparison of in vivo and in vitro exposure. Environmental Pollution, 242, 962-969.
• Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: Zhou, S., W. Zheng, T. Chu, H. Yu, S. Li, W. Zhang, and W.J. Gui. 2018. Transcriptomic analysis of zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos to assess integrated biotoxicity of Xitiaoxi River waters. Environmental Pollution, 242, 42-53.
• Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: Wei, J., W. Zhang, W. Pan, C. Li, and W. Sun. 2018. Experimental and theoretical investigations on Se(IV) and Se(VI) adsorption to UiO-66-based metal-organic frameworks. Environmental Science: Nano, 5, 1441-1453.
• Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: Chen, G., H. Liu, W. Zhang, B. Li, L. Liu, and G. Wang. 2018. Roxarsone exposure jeopardizes nitrogen removal and regulates bacterial community in biological sequential batch reactors. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 159, 232239.
• Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: Qin, C., W. Zhang, B. Yang, X. Chen, K. Xia, and Y. Gao. 2018. DNA facilitates sorption of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons on montmorillonites. Environmental Science & Technology, 52(5), 26942703.
• Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: Bhalsod, G.D., Y.-H. Chuang, S. Jeon, W.J. Gui, Hui Li, E.T. Ryser, A.K. Guber, and W. Zhang. 2018. Uptake and accumulation of pharmaceuticals in overhead- and surface-irrigated greenhouse lettuce. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 66(4), 822830.
• Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: Wu, P., P.-X. Cui, G.-D. Fang, Y. Wang, S.-Q. Wang, D.-M. Zhou, W. Zhang, and Y.-J. Wang. 2018. Biochar decreased the bioavailability of Zn to rice and wheat grains: Insights from microscopic to macroscopic scales. Science of the Total Environment, 621, 160167.
• Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: Li, S., W. Shi, W. Liu, H. Li, W. Zhang, J. Hu, Y. Ke, W. Sun, and J. Ni. 2018. A duodecennial national synthesis of antibiotics in Chinas major rivers and seas (20052016). Science of the Total Environment, 615, 906-917.
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: He, J., Y. Zhang, G.R. Rhodes, J. Yeom, H. Li, and W. Zhang. 2018. Effective photodegradation of antibiotic cephalexin by ZnO nanowires under simulated sunlight. ACS National Meeting & Exposition, Boston, MA, August 19-23.
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: Shen, Y., W. Zhang, R.D. Stedtfeld, X. Guo, G.D. Bhalsod, S. Jeon, J.M. Tiedje, and H. Li. 2018. Pharmaceutical exposure changed bacterial community and antibiotic resistance gene profiles in surface- and overhead-irrigated greenhouse lettuce. ACS National Meeting & Exposition, Boston, MA, August 19-23.
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2017 Citation: Zhang, W., Y. Shen, G.D. Bhalsod, R.D. Stedtfeld, J.M. Tiedje, and H. Li. 2017. Pharmaceutical residues, antibiotic resistance genes, and bacterial communities in lettuce under overhead and surface Irrigation. ASA, CSSA, & SSSA International Annual Meeting, Tampa, FL, October 22-25.
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2017 Citation: Zhang, Y., W. Zhang, S.A. Boyd, B.J. Teppen, J.M. Tiedje, and H. Li. 2017. Bioavailability of tetracycline sorbed by carbonaceous sorbents to Escherichia coli for expression of antibiotic resistance. ASA, CSSA, & SSSA International Annual Meeting, Tampa, FL, October 22-25.
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2017 Citation: Li, Y., J.B. Sallach, W. Zhang, S.A. Boyd, and H. Li. 2017. Insight into distributions of pharmaceuticals in soil-water-radish systems. ASA, CSSA, & SSSA International Annual Meeting, Tampa, FL, October 22-25.
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: Zhang, W., Y. Shen, Z. Chen, Y. Gao, and H. Li. 2018. Physical control on antibiotic resistance in soil, water and plant systems. The 4th International Conference on Environmental Pollution and Health, Tianjin, China, May 18-20.
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2017 Citation: Zhang, W. 2017. Pharmaceutical residues in treated wastewater and their impact on food crops. US-China Joint Symposium on the Nexus of Food, Energy, and Water Systems, Nashville, Tennessee, December 6-9.
• Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2017 Citation: Zhang, W., C.-H. Liu, H. Li, B.J. Teppen, and S.A. Boyd. 2017. Slow pore diffusion controls the long-term immobilization of lincomycin by biochars. Annual Symposium of Soil Chemistry Committee of Soil Science Society of China, Nanjing, China, November 17-19.

Progress 10/01/16 to 09/30/17

Outputs
Target Audience:The target audience is the scientific community and extension professionals in the field of environmental science and engineering, soil and water science, animal manure management, etc. Changes/Problems: Nothing Reported What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?This project provided training for one undergraduate student, four graduate students, and one post-doctorate research associate. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?The results have been disseminated to communities of interest through journal publications and conference presentations. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?We will continue the USDA-funded project on interactions between fresh produce (lettuce, spinach, and tomato) and engineered nanoparticles. We plan to continue the work on photo-degradation of pharmaceuticals by engineered nanoparticles in the context of removing trace contaminants from agricultural irrigation water. We will further investigate soil biochar amendment as a sustainable agricultural practice. We will prepare two manuscripts summarizing our previous results, including the effect of pharmaceutical exposure on bacterial community and ARG profile, and the photocatalytic degradation of pharmaceuticals by ZnO nanowires. We will continue to study the transport of pharmaceuticals in soil and water environment. Furthermore, we will investigate bacterial response to antibiotic selective pressure under the influence of physicochemical factors in soil and water environment. We plan to disseminate new results to interested stakeholders through scientific conference presentations, journal publications, or other viable outreach venues.

Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals? We investigated the effect of irrigation methods (i.e., overhead vs soil surface irrigation) on pharmaceutical residues and changes of bacterial community and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in greenhouse lettuce leaves, roots, and soils upon exposure to pharmaceuticals in irrigation water. We observed that the level of pharmaceutical residues in lettuce shoots was greater under overhead irrigation than under soil surface irrigation. One manuscript summarizing the results is currently under review. We also observed that pharmaceutical exposure changed the bacterial community and ARG profile. A manuscript on this result is under preparation. We characterized the amount and properties of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in 46 biochars, and developed a UV-vis spectrophotometry method to predict the DOC concentrations in biochars. The manuscript on this study is currently under review. The release of DOC from biochars will likely change the sequestration of contaminants by biochars, and is thus very important to development of soil biochar amendment technique. We also conducted preliminary work on photocatalytic degradation of pharmaceuticals by ZnO nanowires, and the initial results are promising. A greenhouse experiment was performed to understand the effect of soil biochar amendment on the uptake of pharmaceuticals, nano-Ag and Ag ions by radish. We have also initiated a USDA-funded project on contamination mechanisms of fresh produce by engineered nanoparticles and control strategies during processing. Finally, we collaborated with Chinese scientists on the following studies. We investigated the effect of river sediments on the sorption of 17β-estradiol and 17α-ethinylestradiol by carbon nanotubes and graphene oxide, as modulated by sediment particle size and organic matter. The river sediments inhibited the sorption of the hormones by the carbon-based engineered nanoparticles, which has interesting implications to the environmental fate and transport of the hormones. We also investigated aggregation of extracellular DNA (i.e., biological nanoparticles) as influenced by Fe(III) and Al(III) species in water, and revealed the binding mechanisms between DNA and the cations.

Publications

• Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2017 Citation: Sun, W., M. Li, W. Zhang, J. Wei, B. Chen, and C. Wang. 2017. Sediments inhibit adsorption of 17?-estradiol and 17?-ethinylestradiol to carbon nanotubes and graphene oxide. Environmental Science: Nano, 4, 1900-1910.
• Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2017 Citation: Qin, C., F. Kang, W. Zhang, W. Shou, and Y. Gao. 2017. Environmentally-relevant concentrations of Al(III) and Fe(III) cations induce aggregation of free DNA by complexation with phosphate group. Water Research, 123, 58-66.
• Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2017 Citation: Chen, Z., W. Zhang, G. Wang, Y. Zhang, Y. Gao, S.A. Boyd, B.J. Teppen, J.M. Tiedje, D. Zhu, and H. Li. 2017. Bioavailability of soil-sorbed tetracycline to Escherichia coli under unsaturated conditions. Environmental Science & Technology, 51(11), 6165-6173.
• Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2017 Citation: Wang, B., W. Zhang, H. Li, H. Fu, X. Qu, and D. Zhu. 2017. Micropore clogging by leachable pyrogenic organic carbon: A new perspective on sorption irreversibility and kinetics of hydrophobic organic contaminants to black carbon. Environmental Pollution, 220, 13491358.
• Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2017 Citation: Gao, Y., X. Hu, Z. Zhou, W. Zhang, Y. Wang, and B. Sun. 2017. Phytoavailability and mechanism of bound PAH residues in filed contaminated soils. Environmental Pollution, 222, 465-476.
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2017 Citation: Chen, Z., G.D. Bhalsod, Y. Shen, H. Li, and W. Zhang. 2017. Physicochemical controls on bioavailability of antibiotics to bacteria and plant. International Workshop of Soil Physics and the Nexus of Food, Energy and Water, Shenyang, China, August 3-5
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2017 Citation: Zhang, W., C.-H. Liu, G.D. Bhalsod, Y. Shen, W. Gui, Y.-H. Chuang, R.D. Stedtfeld, J.M. Tiedje, B.J. Teppen, S.A. Boyd, and H. Li. 2017. Proliferation and mitigation of antibiotics and antibiotic resistance genes in soil, water and plant systems. EDAR 2017, 4th International Symposium on the Environmental Dimension of Antibiotic Resistance, Lansing, MI, August 13-17.
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2017 Citation: Shen, Y., G.D. Bhalsod, X. Guo, S. Jeon, T. Stedtfeld, R.D. Stedtfeld, J.M. Tiedje, H. Li, and W. Zhang. 2017. Antibiotic stress changed microbial community and distribution of antibiotic resistance genes in surface and overhead irrigated greenhouse lettuce. EDAR 2017, 4th International Symposium on the Environmental Dimension of Antibiotic Resistance, Lansing, MI, August 13-17.
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2017 Citation: Liu, C.-H., Y.-H. Chuang, H. Li, S.A. Boyd, B.J. Teppen, and W. Zhang. 2017. Black carbon nanoparticles facilitated transport of lincomycin, oxytetracycline, and sulfamethoxazole in saturated sand. EDAR 2017, 4th International Symposium on the Environmental Dimension of Antibiotic Resistance, Lansing, MI, August 13-17.
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2017 Citation: He, J., Y. Zhang, H. Li, J. Yeom, and W. Zhang. 2017. ZnO nanowires effectively degrade cefalexin in water under ultraviolet light. EDAR 2017, 4th International Symposium on the Environmental Dimension of Antibiotic Resistance, Lansing, MI, August 13-17.
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2017 Citation: Li, Y., J.B. Sallach, W. Zhang, S.A. Boyd, and H. Li. 2017. Uptake of pharmaceuticals by radish from soil. EDAR 2017, 4th International Symposium on the Environmental Dimension of Antibiotic Resistance, Lansing, MI, August 13-17.
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2017 Citation: H. X., Y. Zhang, Z. Chen, Y. Gao, B.J. Teppen, S.A. Boyd, W. Zhang, and H. Li. 2017. Tetracycline bioavailability to planktonic and biofilm bacterium for expression of antibiotic resistance. EDAR 2017, 4th International Symposium on the Environmental Dimension of Antibiotic Resistance, Lansing, MI, August 13-17.
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2017 Citation: Chuang, Y.-H., C.-H. Liu, J.B. Sallach, R. Hammerschmidt, W. Zhang, S.A. Boyd, and H. Li. 2017. Uptake and metabolization of caffeine in lettuce. EDAR 2017, 4th International Symposium on the Environmental Dimension of Antibiotic Resistance, Lansing, MI, August 13-17.
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2017 Citation: Chen, Z., W. Zhang, G. Wang, Y. Zhang, Y. Gao, S.A. Boyd, and H. Li. 2017. Soil-mediated bioavailability of sorbed tetracycline to Escherichia coli under unsaturated condition. EDAR 2017, 4th International Symposium on the Environmental Dimension of Antibiotic Resistance, Lansing, MI, August 13-17.
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2017 Citation: Shen, Y., G.D. Bhalsod, X. Guo, L. Yang, S. Jeon, R.D. Stedtfeld, J.M. Tiedje, H. Li, and W. Zhang. 2017. Distribution of antibiotic resistance genes in surface and overhead irrigated greenhouse lettuce. ASM Conference on Innovative Microbial Ecology for Mitigation of Antibiotic Resistance and Bacterial Diseases, Crystal City, VA, March 22-25.
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2016 Citation: Jeon, S., C.S. Krasnow, G.D. Bhalsod, H. Blair, M.K. Hausbeck, and W. Zhang. 2016. Pathogen filtration in recycled irrigation water to control plant disease outbreaks in greenhouse. ASA, CSSA, & SSSA International Annual Meeting, Phoenix, AZ, November 6-9.
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2016 Citation: Chuang, Y.-H., C.-H. Liu, R. Hammerschmidt, W. Zhang, S.A. Boyd, and H. Li. 2016. Influence of transpiration stream on plant uptake and translocation of pharmaceuticals. ASA, CSSA, & SSSA International Annual Meeting, Phoenix, AZ, November 6-9.
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2016 Citation: Chuang, Y.-H., C.-H. Liu, R. Hammerschmidt, W. Zhang, S.A. Boyd, and H. Li. 2016. Accumulation and metabolization of caffeine in lettuce. ASA, CSSA, & SSSA International Annual Meeting, Phoenix, AZ, November 6-9.
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2016 Citation: Liu, C.-H., Y.-H. Chuang, H. Li, S.A. Boyd, and W. Zhang. 2016. Black carbon facilitated transport of lincomycin, oxytetracycline, and sulfamethoxazole in saturated sand. ASA, CSSA, & SSSA International Annual Meeting, Phoenix, AZ, November 6-9.
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2016 Citation: Zhang, W., C.-H. Liu, and T.S. Steenhuis. 2016. Versatility of the Langmuir equation is rooted in its theoretical and empirical nature. ASA, CSSA, & SSSA International Annual Meeting, Phoenix, AZ, November 6-9.
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2016 Citation: Zhang, W., G.D. Bhalsod, Y.-H. Chuang, S. Jeon, W. Gui, and H. Li. 2016. Assessing and managing impact of pharmaceuticals in irrigation water on fresh produce safety. ASA, CSSA, & SSSA International Annual Meeting, Phoenix, AZ, November 6-9.
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2016 Citation: Zhang, W., H. Li, S.A. Boyd, and D. Zhu. 2016. Biochar technology in the nexus of food, energy, water, and soil Systems. 2016 China-US Joint Annual Symposium on International Nexus of Food, Energy, Water, and Soil, Yixing, China, October 26-29.
• Type: Journal Articles Status: Under Review Year Published: 2017 Citation: Liu, C.-H., W. Chu, H. Li, S.A. Boyd, B.J. Teppen, J. Mao, J. Lehmann, and W. Zhang. 2017. Quantification and characterization of dissolved organic carbon from biochars. Environmental Science & Technology (in review).
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Under Review Year Published: 2017 Citation: Bhalsod, G.D., Y.-H. Chuang, S. Jeon, W. Gui, Hui Li, E.T. Ryser, A.K. Guber, and W. Zhang. 2017. Uptake and accumulation of pharmaceuticals in overhead- and surface-irrigated greenhouse lettuce. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry (in review).

Progress 06/15/16 to 09/30/16

Outputs
Target Audience:Thetarget audienceis the scientific community and extension professionals in the field of environmental science and engineering, soil and water science, animal manure management, etc. Changes/Problems: Nothing Reported What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?This project provided training fortwo graduate students. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?The results have been disseminated to communities of interest through journal publications and conference presentations. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?We plan to study the co-transport of black carbon nanoparticles and pharmaceuticals in porous media under varying solution pH and sand grain coatings. We will prepare a manuscript on pharmaceutical uptake and accumulation in surface- and overhead-irrigated lettuce, and further explore abundance of antibiotic resistance genes and microbial community structures in lettuce and soils under varying irrigation practices. We will also continue our work on filtration of plant pathogen in recycled irrigation water in greenhouse. We plan to disseminate new results to interested stakeholders through scientific conference presentations, journal publications, and other viable outreach venues.

Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals? Our participationin this multi-state project started on June 15, 2016. Therefore, extensive experimental work has not been performed. The major activities occurred in this reporting period included journal publications and conference presentations of previous related work, and part of laboratory work on co-transport of black carbon nanoparticles and three antibiotics (i.e., lincomycin, oxytetracycline, and sulfamethoxazole) in saturated sand. Briefly, we published a journal article on the fate and degradation of hexachlorobenzene in biochar-amended soil planted with ryegrass, and showed a proof-of-concept of a novel biochar-plant tandem approach for remediating hexachlorobenze contaminated soils. Another published journal article reported the effect of nano-iron oxide coating on the transport and retention of Phytophthora capsici zoospores in saturated sand, which has implications in understanding environmental dispersal of plant pathogen and developing cost-effective engineered filtration systems. We have conducted column transport experiments to examine the transport of black carbon nanoparticles through saturated sand at a range of ionic strength, and resultant co-transport of lincomycin, oxytetracycline, or sulfamethoxazole. Our results indicate that the transport of black carbon nanoparticles facilitated the transport of antibiotics in porous media.

Publications

• Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2016 Citation: Song, Y., Y. Li, W. Zhang, F. Wang, Y. Bian, L.A. Boughner, and X. Jiang. 2016. Novel biochar-plant tandem approach for remediating hexachlorobenzene contaminated soils: Proof-of-concept and new insight into the rhizosphere. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 64(27), 54645471.
• Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2016 Citation: Jeon, S., C.S. Krasnow, C.K. Kirby, L.L. Granke, M.K. Hausbeck, and W. Zhang. 2016. Transport and retention of Phytophthora capsici zoospores in saturated porous media. Environmental Science & Technology, 50(17), 92709278.
• Type: Journal Articles Status: Under Review Year Published: 2016 Citation: Wang, B., W. Zhang, H. Li, H. Fu, X. Qu, and D. Zhu. 2016. Micropore clogging by dissolved black carbon: A new perspective on sorption irreversibility and kinetics of hydrophobic organic contaminants to black carbon. Environmental Pollution.
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2016 Citation: Zhang, W., G. Wang, and H. Li. 2016. Influence of colloidal processes on mobility and bioavailability of emerging contaminants in unsaturated soil zone. The 3rd International Conference on Hydropedology, Beijing, China, August 16-19.