Source: AUBURN UNIVERSITY submitted to
POULTRY PRODUCTION SYSTEMS AND WELL-BEING: SUSTAINABILITY FOR TOMORROW
Sponsoring Institution
National Institute of Food and Agriculture
Project Status
COMPLETE
Funding Source
HATCH
Reporting Frequency
Annual
Accession No.
1009793
Grant No.
(N/A)
Cumulative Award Amt.
(N/A)
Proposal No.
(N/A)
Multistate No.
NE-1442
Project Start Date
May 27, 2016
Project End Date
Sep 30, 2019
Grant Year
(N/A)
Program Code
[(N/A)]- (N/A)
Recipient Organization
AUBURN UNIVERSITY
108 M. WHITE SMITH HALL
AUBURN,AL 36849
Performing Department
Poultry Science
Non Technical Summary
Poultry is an economical source of animal protein. There are many challenges being faced by both poultry producers and farmers in today's market. These include the change in production from one that relies on antibiotics to one the will not have these products being routinely used. Changes in the broiler bird themselves over the years has necessitated the need to change housing to one that is more accommodating to their larger size and fast growth. Trying to develop novel or implementing current technologies to keep up with these changes has been challenging. However it is one that this project will address either partial or in its entirety.
Animal Health Component
50%
Research Effort Categories
Basic
50%
Applied
50%
Developmental
(N/A)
Classification

Knowledge Area (KA)Subject of Investigation (SOI)Field of Science (FOS)Percent
4023220202020%
4043220202020%
3073220101010%
3073220110015%
3113220101010%
3113220110010%
7123220110015%
Knowledge Area
311 - Animal Diseases; 712 - Protect Food from Contamination by Pathogenic Microorganisms, Parasites, and Naturally Occurring Toxins; 404 - Instrumentation and Control Systems; 307 - Animal Management Systems; 402 - Engineering Systems and Equipment;

Subject Of Investigation
3220 - Meat-type chicken, live animal;

Field Of Science
2020 - Engineering; 1010 - Nutrition and metabolism; 1100 - Bacteriology;
Goals / Objectives
Energy/resource efficiency. This will include collaborative efforts on feed and fuel energy sources for poultry and facilities by geographical region, facility design, equipment efficiency, management, and modeling energy use in poultry systems. Evaluating commercial poultry production systems. This will include collaborative efforts on the characterization of the performance of conventional, alternative, and organic poultry production systems relative to air and water quality, nutrient management, acoustic environment, and animal health and welfare. Establishing parameters influenced by the production system and strains utilized within the poultry industry. This collaborative research will encompass the areas of poultry nutrition, physiology, behavior, well-being, food safety and quality, and economic evaluation of poultry production systems.
Project Methods
The team at Auburn University will be performing studies under exisiting outcomes. These include:Energy/resource efficiency. Improving or reducing energy/resource utiliziation. Studies will establish methods to reduce energy usage and improve resource efficiency in poultry production. This objective will be achieved through studies evaluating: 1) building design and operation, and 2) management practices. The expected results will provide insight into building design and operation to maximize resource efficiency while maintaining a high level of animal welfare allowing for a sustainable poultry enterprise.Building design including lighting technologies, thermal and non-thermal parameters, and energy consumption. Evaluation of lighting devices (CFL, LED, SSL) will be tested under commercial poultry housing conditions for reliability, light output, energy savings, bird performance, and suitability for various production systems. In addition, laboratory scale tests will be conducted to determine the interactive effects of differing lighting programs (photoperiod and illuminance) and lighting devices on bird performance and physiological response.Energy use in different poultry housing systems for broilers will be monitored over extended period (covering different production seasons and stages) and analyzed. Partitioning of energy consumption into classes of equipment or operations will be determined, e.g., ventilation (fans), lighting, feeding systems, and fuel for supplemental heating (if equipped). The energy use will be expressed in the amount of electricity (kWh) or fuel (liter or gallon) per kg of live meat birds marketed. Practical means to reduce electricity or fuel usage, reduce energy transfer through the building envelope using heat flux sensors and assessment of radiant heater efficiency will be explored through lab experiments and field verification.Evaluation of management practices including litter sources, lighting and ventilation programs. Research will be conducted on litter sources for broilers as a sustainable cycle, i.e., utilize fast growing grasses as bedding source. A range of lighting programs and temperatures will be assessed to determine their impact on heat and moisture production in modern broiler genetics. The relationship between air velocity, ambient temperature, relative humidity and heat transfer coefficients will be determined. In addition, energy usage and effectiveness for different ammonia control strategies will be assessed.Evaluating commercial poultry production systems Nutrient management and impacts on air and water quality. Field studies will be conducted that evaluate the operational characteristics of certain housing features. These features may include, but not limited to, a new ventilation system or strategy, a new manure-drying system or strategy, and a different lighting system. Portable monitoring instrumentation systems will be used in the field studies. Current collaborative, long-term studies concerning indoor air quality (i.e., concentrations of ammonia, carbon dioxide, and particulate matters) and air emissions of conventional cage, enriched colony and aviary housing systems, along with other components (animal welfare, egg quality and safety, food affordability, and worker ergonomics) of the project will continue during this phase of the multi-state project. One particular area is to explore practical ways to reduce ammonia and PM concentrations and emissions of the aviary houses through combination of laboratory tests and field verification. Field production data will be analyzed for alternative egg production systems under different U.S conditions. From the collected information life-cycle analysis will be performed to assess the environmental impact of alternative egg production systems. The Egg Industry Center has recently performed two LCA studies: one on the Midwest U.S. egg industry (Pellieter et al., 2013a), and the other on the advancement of U.S. egg industry in environmental footprint over the past 50 years (Pelletier et al., 2013b).Establishing parameters influenced by the production system and strains utilized within the poultry industry.Research studies will be conducted to investigate the parameters influenced by the production system or genetic strain used. The objective will be achieved by evaluating the areas including: a) poultry nutrition, b) physiology, c) behavior and well-being, d) food safety and quality, and e) economic implications. Studies can overlap into several areas.Evaluating poultry nutrition in production systems.The proposed research will cover the breadth of poultry feeding programs by examining feed form, dietary ingredients, feed additives, and individual nutrients. This research will create replicated data to investigate the relationship between pellet quality, nutrient segregation, current meat bird genotypes and bird performance and health. Additionally, identification of bird strain and feed form effects on bird performance and nutrient utilization will be determined.Alternatives are needed to the use of antibiotic growth promoters in diets of broilers and turkeys. Prebiotic and probiotics additives will be evaluated for use in antibiotic free diets by assessing growth efficiency as well as ammonia emissions in broilers and turkeys. Byproduct ingredients (algae meal and reduced-oil dried distillers grains with solubles) will be assessed in poultry diets by inclusion of different dietary levels. General growth performance, meat yield, intestinal development, intestinal enzyme secretion, intestinal microflora, physiological reaction, and production cost will be determined. Metabolizable energy measures will be conducted as appropriate for poultry (TME, AME) and these ME values will be used to incorporate these ingredients in diets fed to turkeys maintained under different environmental (temperature) conditions. The energy value of alternative feed ingredients will be determined as well in laying hen rations. Nutritive organic sources of methionine will be studied for efficiency and feasibility for feeding broilers.Food safety and quality differences in production systems. Commercially available and novel pre and probiotics will be examined to determine their efficacy in reducing foodborne pathogen carriage on the poultry carcass and removed organs. Changes in bird growth and feed efficiencey will also be measured.Economic implications of different production systems. Where appropriate, production income and costs will be calculated and compared for research previously described. These analyses will assist producers when implementing the research knowledge generated from these studies.The methodological approach frequently used in economics to evaluate projects or policy proposals is referred to as benefit-cost analysis. The approach relies on measuring benefits and costs of different scientific or engineering projects or regulation policy proposals, and if the benefits are larger than the costs, or if the so-called benefit-cost ratio is greater than 1, the project or policy passes the test and is recommended for adoption or approval.

Progress 05/27/16 to 09/30/19

Outputs
Target Audience:Poultry farmers, poultry company representatives, researchers and government regulators. Changes/Problems:There was a high turnover of participants on this project this past three years. Turnover was due to retirements of the active participants. What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?The AL team members have graduated in 2019 two MS students. The three remaining active participants (Bourassa, Macklin and Pacheco) on this project have initiated a total of six new graduate students this past year. In addition, these three participants have developed and delivered several extension talks as well as papers that have been well received by their audience. The overall reach of these deliverables is well in the 10,000 since most of the publications are national and a few are international in scope. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?Results have been disseminated at scientific meetings both orally and through written reports (abstract, peer reviewedpapers). The more practical findings have been disseminated to target groups through presentations at appropriate meetingand written material in trade journals. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals? Nothing Reported

Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals? Objective one- Pacheco and his collaborators have been working in the area of improving the efficiency of feed mills. Specifically, in ways to improve the cooling of warm feed pellets. Objective two - Hess, Macklin and Pacheco work in this area. Macklin has concentrated his research efforts in understanding the poultry disease necrotic enteritis (NE). His work has shown that poorly digested or an overabundance of nutrients will lead to a proliferation of C. perfringens the bacterium associated with causing NE. He has also used next gen sequencing to determine the microflora that is present within poultry that may predispose them to this or other diseases. Results so far indicate that there is no simple "steady state" for what is normal. However, in the case of NE, an increase of lactic acid producing bacteria in conjunction with Clostridium seems to be an indicator of disease development. The increase of lactic acid producing bacteria is surprising since there is not a known relationship between them and Clostridia, in fact it has always been hypothesized that they were antagonistic to each other. Hess and Pacheco have looked extensively at pellet size in effecting bird health and growth. There is considerable evidence that micro pellets can improve broiler chicken growth. The negative is that creating a micro pellet is not cost efficient in both energy and time. Macklin and Hess have looked at alternatives to controlling litter ammonia release. Some of the bacterial based products seem to have promise. However, none are as effective as the commercially available litter acidifying products. Additionally, they have been testing organic acid salts, though they have no effect on lowering ammonia emissions they do show considerable promise in controlling pathogens that can be in litter. The main one reduced is Salmonella. Objective three - Bourassa and Macklin have worked in this area. Macklin is trying to determine if the animal's microflora will influence Salmonella colonization and shedding. To date there doesn't seem to be a correlation between the two; however, research is ongoing in this area. Macklin has also worked extensively in trying to determine the best site within poultry for Salmonella detection when challenged with different Salmonella serovars and through different routes. For birds challenged with 1000 cfu of Salmonella at day 0 as well day 14 the ceca, trachea and bursa work equally well; however, for ease of sampling the ceca is still the best site to collect. Bourassa is looking at alternative methodology for recovering Salmonella off of chicken carcasses at the processing plant. In addition, she is currently in the process of determining alternative methods of stunning chickens, one that may be more humane to the animal.

Publications

  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Bourassa, D.V., C.E. Harris, L.N. Bartenfeld, S. Richter, W. Daley, K.M. Wilson, and R.J. Buhr. Impact of postmortem holding temperature on feather retention force and broiler carcass microbiology. XXIV European Symposium on the Quality of Poultry Meat, June 23-26, 2019. Cesme, Izmir, Turkey.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Lawley, E.O. and D.V. Bourassa. Peroxyacetic acid applied following broiler chicken feather removal minimizes pathogen levels during processing. Auburn Research Student Symposium, April 9, 2019. Auburn, AL.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: E. Monu, W. Pacheco, C. Starkey, and J. Caldas-Cuevas. 2019. Thermal inactivation of the Salmonella surrogate Enterococcus faecium ATCC 8459 during extended feed conditioning. Poult. Sci. 108, E-Suppl. 1:202.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: W. Pacheco, D. Patino, J. Hess, K. Macklin, D. Bourassa, and T. J. Biggs. 2019. Effect of zinc methionine and manganese methionine on live performance and breast myopathies of broilers. Poult. Sci. 108, E-Suppl. 1:393
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: L. Spencer, L. Avila, A. Calderon, D. Patino, W. Pacheco, E. Monu, O. Fasina, C. Starkey. 2019. Evaluation of differential scanning calorimetry to assess starch gelatinization of multicomponent feed processed with different conditioner temperatures and Hygieniser retention times. Abstr. M55. Southern Poultry Science Society Meeting
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Brooks, L.A., J.T. Krehling, K.S. Chasteen, B. Singh and K.S. Macklin. 2019. Comparison of sites colonized in broilers through various routes when challenged with Salmonella Enteritidis at Day 14. International Poultry Science Forum Abstract M115, Atlanta, GA. Feb. 4-5, 2019.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: M. Carrisosa, K. Macklin and R. Hauck. 2019. Establishing monoclonal Eimeria spp. isolates in immunosuppressed chickens. International Poultry Science Forum Abstract P246, Atlanta, GA. Feb. 4-5, 2019.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Harris, C.E., L.N. Bartenfeld-Josselson, D.V. Bourassa, and R.J. Buhr. Persistence of Salmonella Enteritidis and Typhimurium on hatching eggshells after 1, 6, or 24 hours. PSA Annual Meeting, July 15-18, 2019. Montreal, Canada.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Lawley, E.O. and D.V. Bourassa. Assessment of peroxyacetic acid as a post-defeathering intervention during broiler processing. International Poultry Scientific Forum, February 11-12, 2019. Atlanta, GA.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Walker, G.K., D.V. Bourassa, R. Qudsieh, B. Wall, and M.L. Livingston. A scald water detergent combined with an organic acid carcass dip reduces microbial loads on post-harvested broiler carcasses. International Poultry Scientific Forum, February 11-12, 2019. Atlanta, GA.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Bourassa, D.V., C.E. Harris, L.N. Bartenfeld, S. Richter, W. Daley, K.M. Wilson, and R.J. Buhr. Impact of postmortem holding temperature on feather retention force and broiler carcass microbiology. International Poultry Scientific Forum, February 11-12, 2019. Atlanta, GA.
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Pacheco, W. J., Fahrenholz, A. C., and C. R. Stark. Post Liquid Application Systems. Feedstuffs, September 2019.
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Fahrenholz, A. C., C. R. Stark, and W. J. Pacheco. Safety as a culture. Feedstuffs, August 2019
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Stark, C. R., A. C. Fahrenholz, W. J. Pacheco. Liquid addition at the mixer. Feedstuffs, July 2019
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Pacheco, W. J., Fahrenholz, A. C., and C. R. Stark. Recall Plan. Feedstuffs, June 2019.
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Bourassa, D. V., W. Pacheco, K. Macklin, J. Hess. 2018. Protect yourself from Salmonella in backyard poultry. Small Poultry Flocks. Alabama A&M & Auburn Universities Extension
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Fahrenholz, A. C., C. R. Stark, and W. J. Pacheco. Organization key to well-functioning feed mill. Feedstuffs, May 2019
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Stark, C. R., A. C. Fahrenholz, W. J. Pacheco. Pellet Quality  What is your method of analysis? Feedstuffs, April 2019
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Pacheco, W. J., Fahrenholz, A. C., and C. R. Stark. New grain, feed industry technologies available. Feedstuffs, March 2019
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Fahrenholz, A. C., C. R. Stark, and W. J. Pacheco. Students of feed manufacturing. Feedstuffs, January 2019
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: Stark, C. R., A. C. Fahrenholz, W. J. Pacheco. Feed Manufacturing Technology  The Road Map to the Future. Feedstuffs, December 2018
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: Hess, J. B., A. Morey, and W. J. Pacheco. 2018. Insect proteins in poultry feeds. Practical Applications, Alabama Poultry
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: Pacheco, W. J., J. B. Hess, Fahrenholz, A. C., and C. R. Stark. Integrated approach helps maintain pellet, feed quality. Feedstuffs, November 2018
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: Fahrenholz, A. C., C. R. Stark, and W. J. Pacheco. Quality assurance best when comprehensive, clear cut. Feedstuffs, October 2018.
  • Type: Websites Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Hess, J.B. and K.S. Macklin. 2019. Evaluating water quality for poultry. ANR-1201. June 2019. 4 pp
  • Type: Websites Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Hess, J.B., K.S. Macklin, G.R. Strother. 2019. Poultry pest management. ANR-0483. May 2019. 6 pp
  • Type: Websites Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Hess, J.B. and K.S. Macklin. 2019. Nutrition for backyard chicken flocks. ANR-1317. May 2019. 7 pp
  • Type: Websites Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Hess, J.B., K.S. Macklin and J.P. Blake. 2019. Home layer flock management suggestions. ANR-2549. May 2019. 3 pp.
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: Hess, J., W. Berry, K. Macklin, and R. Prasad. 2018. Elemental sulfur as a feed ingredient to control mites. Poultry Times. Oct. 15, 2018. 8
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Giambrone, J.G., K. S. Macklin and R. Hauck. 2019. Vaccinations: the why and how. Alabama Poultry Magazine. July/Aug. 2019. 24-30.
  • Type: Book Chapters Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Macklin, K.S., and R. Hauck, ed., Overview of Helminthiasis in Poultry, in the 12th edition of The Merck Veterinary Manual. 2019. Merial Select, Inc., Duluth, GA
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Carrisosa, M. B.A. McCrea, K.S. Macklin, T. Dormitorio and R. Hauck. 2019. Prevalence of zoonotic parasites in Alabama backyard chicken flocks. 12th Mini-Summit of the Collaborations and International Partnerships: Keys to Sustainable Global Food Systems. Auburn, AL. Oct. 28. 2019
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Bourassa, D.V., W.D. Berry, K.S. Macklin, J.B. Hess and W.J. Pacheco. 2019. The road the chicken crossed before it was on your table. Association of Nutrition and Foodservice Professional, Alabama Chapter Fall Conference. Auburn, AL. Sept. 19, 2019.
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Bourassa, D.V., W. Pacheco and K.S. Macklin. 2019. Backyard processing. Alabama Cooperative Extension System. Morengo Co., AL. October 25, 2019
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Bourassa, D.V., W. Pacheco and K.S. Macklin. 2019. Backyard processing. Alabama Cooperative Extension System. Autauga, AL. April 12, 2019
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Hess, J.B., K.S. Macklin and W. Pacheco. 2019. Feeding small poultry flocks. Alabama Cooperative Extension System. Birmingham, AL. March 21, 2019
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Hess, J.B. and K.S. Macklin. 2019. Small poultry flocks  business economics. Alabama Cooperative Extension System. Birmingham, AL. March 21, 2019.
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Hess, J.B., B.A. McCrea, R. Hauck, W.D. Berry, K.S. Macklin and D. Anderson. 2019. Medicating small flocks. Alabama Cooperative Extension System. Birmingham, AL. March 21, 2019
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: Macklin, K. and R. Hauck. 2018. Poultry Biosecurity. Sunbelt Ag Expo, Moultrie, GA. Oct 18, 2018
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Bourassa, D.V. 2019. Harvesting market age broilers. 5th International Poultry Meat Congress, April 24-28, 2019, Antalya, Turkey.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Bourassa, D.V. 2019. Salmonella prevention strategies and influences of sampling method selection. Midwest Poultry Federation, March 14-16, 2019, Minneapolis, MN
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Hess, J.B., D.V. Bourassa, W.J. Pacheco, R. Hauck, W.D. Berry, and W.A. Dozier. Field reports on the increase in antibiotic free broiler production in the US. International Conference and Expo on Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine. February 25-26, 2019, Durban, South Africa
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Bourassa, D.V. Processing a small flock. Sunbelt Ag Expo. Moultrie, GA. October 15-17, 2019.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Bourassa, D.V. Formation of the Egg. National Egg Quality School, Indianapolis, IN. May 20-23, 2019.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Bourassa, D.V. Egg Processing Plant Sanitation, SSOPs and GMPs. National Egg Quality School, Indianapolis, IN. May 20-23, 2019.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: Hess, J.B., D.V. Bourassa, W.D. Berry, and W.J. Pacheco. US Egg Production. US-Nigeria Agribusiness (Non-Oil) Investment Summit. Atlanta, GA. November 8-10, 2018.
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Bourassa, D.V. How sample type, analysis impact Salmonella detection. WATT Poultry USA. August 2019.
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: Bourassa, D.V. Controlled atmosphere stunning for poultry processing. APEA Magazine November/December 2018.
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Hess, J.B., R. Prasad, K. Stanford, K.S. Macklin. 2019. Broiler litter management for improved soil and bird health. Georgia Young Famers Association, Carroll Co., GA, Jan. 24, 2019
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: Bourassa, D.V. and K.M. Wilson. Antibiotic-free production and broiler chicken meat safety. Food Safety Magazine. October/November 2018.
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Bourassa, D.V. Cleaning and sanitation tips for Listeria control. WOGS Newsletter, August 2019.
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Bourassa, D.V. Scoring system for evaluation of spaghetti breast severity. WOGS Newsletter, July 2019
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Bourassa, D.V. Water quality is critical for product yield. WOGS Newsletter, September 2019.
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Bourassa, D.V. Influence of broiler harvest on respiratory tract bacteria. WOGS Newsletter, June 2019
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Bourassa, D.V. Carvacrol as a potential antimicrobial on poultry parts. WOGS Newsletter, April 2019
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Bourassa, D.V. Decreasing food safety risks associated with chicken livers. WOGS Newsletter, March 2019
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Bourassa, D.V. Woody breast myopathy impacts shelf life. WOGS Newsletter, January 2019
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: Bourassa, D.V. One Health Certified Program label for meat and poultry products. WOGS Newsletter, November 2018.
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: Bourassa, D.V. Red wing tips on broiler carcasses. WOGS Newsletter, October 2018.
  • Type: Theses/Dissertations Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Brooks, L.A. Site of colonization of Salmonella in broiler chickens
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Min, B. R., F. Abrahamsen, N. Gurung, J. H. Lee, J. W. Joo, W. Pacheco. 2019. Association of peanut skin in diet alters average daily gain, ruminal and blood metabolites, and carcass traits associated with Haemonchus contortus infection. Animal Nutrition. 5: 278-285
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Rubio, A. A., J. B. Hess, W. D. Berry, W. A. Dozier III, and W. J. Pacheco. 2019. Effects of feed form and amino acid density on productive and processing performance of broilers. J. Appl. Poult. Res. 0:1-11.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Cloft, S.E., S.J. Rochell, K.S. Macklin, and W.A. Dozier. 2019. Effect of dietary amino acid density and feed allocation during the starter period on 41 days of age growth performance and processing characteristics of broiler chickens given coccidiosis vaccination at hatch. Poultry Science, 98 (10), 5005-5016.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Cloft, S.E., S.J. Rochell, K.S. Macklin, and W.A. Dozier. 2019. Effects of pre-starter diets varying in amino acid density given to broiler chickens given coccidiosis vaccination at hatch. Poultry Science, 98 (10), 4878-4888.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Hauck,R., M. Carrisosa, B.A. McCrea, T. Dormitorio, K.S Macklin. 2019. Evaluation of next generation amplicon sequencing to identify Eimeria spp. of chickens. Avian Disease, 63 (4) 577-583.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Harris, C.E., L.N. Bartenfeld, D.V. Bourassa, B.D. Fairchild, B.H. Kiepper, and R.J. Buhr. 2019. Evaluation of drinking water antimicrobial interventions on water usage, feed consumption, and Salmonella retention in broilers following feed and water withdrawal. J. Appl. Poult. Res. 28:699-711
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Bourassa, D.V., J.L. Lapidus, A.E. Kennedy-Smith, and A. Morey. 2019. Efficacy of neutralizing buffered peptone water for recovery of Salmonella, Campylobacter, and Enterobacteriaceae from broiler carcasses at various points along a commercial immersion chilling process with peroxyacetic acid. Poult. Sci. 98:393-397
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Hess, J. B., K. S. Macklin, W. J. Pacheco, R. Hauck, and W. Berry. 2019. Current trends in litter management. Midwest Poultry Federation. Minneapolis, MN. March, 2019.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Hauck, R., M. Hamilton, W. Wang, B. McCrea, and K.S. Macklin. 2019. Eimeria spp. In chickens: Efficacy of two alternative products and influence on the gut microbiota. In: Proceedings of the 68th Western Poultry Disease Conference, April 2-6, 2019, Puerto Vallarta, Jalisco, Mexico.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Hess, J.B., K.S. Macklin, O. Cengiz and S.F. Bilgili. 2019. International Conference and Exp on Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Scientific Federation, Feb. 25-26, 2019. Durban, South Africa
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: G. Abascal-Ponciano, A. Calderon, J. Flees, D. Patino, S. Leiva, J. Sandoval, M. Presume, K. Ordonez, L. Avila, W. Pacheco, and C. Starkey. 2019. Evaluation of different particle size analysis methods for ground corn. Poult. Sci. 108, E-Suppl. 1:7.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: S. Leiva, J. Sandoval, J. Flees, A. Calderon, G. Abascal-Ponciano, K. Ordonez, D. Patino, L. Avila, M. Presume, W. Pacheco, and C. Starkey. 2019. Effect of particle size on near infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) nutrient analysis of ground corn. Poult. Sci. 108, E-Suppl. 1:8.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: D. Patino, E. Mendez, J. Sandoval, J. Flees, A. Calderon, G. Abascal-Ponciano, K. Ordonez, L. Avila, M. Presume, W. Pacheco, and C. Starkey. 2019. Effect of ground corn particle size and soybean oil addition on angle of repose and flow time. Poult. Sci. 108, E-Suppl. 1:9.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: M. Presume, J. Sandoval, G. Abascal-Ponciano, A. Calderon, D. Patino, K. Ordonez, L. Avila, S. Leiva, J. Flees, W. Pacheco, and C. Starkey. 2019. Assessment of angle of repose as a tool to measure the flowability of different particle size ground corn with and without added soybean oil. Poult. Sci. 108, E-Suppl. 1:10.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: J. Sandoval, S. Leiva, J. Flees, A. Calderon, G. Abascal-Ponciano, K. Ordonez, D. Patino, L. Avila, M. Presume, W. Pacheco, and C. Starkey. 2019. Effect of particle size and oil addition on near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) nutrient analysis of ground corn. Poult. Sci. 108, E-Suppl. 1:11.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: A. Calderon, G. Abascal-Ponciano, L. Avila, J. Flees, S. Leiva, K. Ordonez, D. Patino, M. Presume, J. Sandoval, W. Pacheco, and C. Starkey. 2019. Evaluation of different methods for particle size analysis of milled corn with added soybean oil. Poult. Sci. 108, E-Suppl. 1:57
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: L. Avila, G. Abascal-Ponciano, A. Calderon, S. Leiva, J. Flees, K. Ordonez, D. Patino, M. Presume, W. Pacheco, and C. Starkey. 2019. Evaluation of the Aviagen Turkeys shaker sieve to determine particle size for ground corn with increasing additions of soybean oil. Poult. Sci. 108, E-Suppl. 1:58.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: M. Rueda Lastres, A. Rubio, C. Starkey, F. Mussini, and W. Pacheco. 2019. Effect of conditioning temperature on broiler performance, nutrient digestibility and processing yield. Poult. Sci. 108, E-Suppl. 1:60.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: L. Spencer, L. Avila, D. Patino, A. Calderon, W. Pacheco, E. Monu, O. Fasina, L. Bell, and C. Starkey. 2019. Evaluation of differential scanning calorimetry for analysis of starch gelatinization in multi-component animal feed. Poult. Sci. 108, E-Suppl. 1:61.


Progress 10/01/17 to 09/30/18

Outputs
Target Audience:Poultry farmers, poultry company representatives, researchers and government regulators. Changes/Problems: Nothing Reported What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?The AL team had trained two graduate students and are in the processes of mentoring five additional students. All the members of the AL team have mentored several undergraduates. The team has also worked closely with in-state as well as out of state poultry companies, farmers and hobbyist in developing and delivering several workshops and paper that will improve their understanding of poultry housing, management, health and food safety. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?Results have been shared at scientific meetings both orally and through written reports (abstracts, peer reviewed papers). The more practical findings have been disseminated to target groups through presentations at appropriate meeting and written material in trade journals. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?This is the last year for this project. It is our goal to continue working on this project and to participate in the rewrite of this project in to NE-1942.

Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals? Objective one - The team of Campbell, Davis and Donald have worked extensively in this area in looking at the ways to better control the poultry house environment during the brood period. Campbell and Donald have very strong extension programs in which they teach effective poultry house management to minimize costs to the farmer, while maximizing efficiency in growing broiler chickens. Objective two - Hess, Macklin and Pacheco work in this area. Macklin has concentrated his research efforts in understanding the poultry disease necrotic enteritis (NE). His work has shown that poorly digested or an overabundance of nutrients will lead to a proliferation of the bacteria that cause this disease. He has also used next gen sequencing to determine the microflora within the intestine in the attempts to determine if any there is a correlation between the microflora and the diseased or healthy gut. Getting a good grasp of understanding and controlling this disease can potentially save poultry companies in AL an estimated $1,000,000. This is based on the assumption that subclincal NE causes the industry approximately $0.01 per bird and AL produces approximately 1 billion birds per year for meat consumption. His work in the area of non-antibiotic therapies to prevent NE has yielded decent results. Though the results are promising they do not fully control the disease like antibiotics. However there is promise and it is proposed to look at a multifactorial approach in controlling this as well as other problematic enteric diseases. The other part of the group working in objective two - Hess and Pacheco have looked extensively at feed form and amino acid (AA) density. They had shown that broilers fed 3.3 mm micro pellets during the starter period had better feed conversion ratio (FCR) and greater body weight (BW) compared with birds fed mash and crumbled diets from 1 to 14 d of age. It was also observed that increasing dietary AA density improved broiler performance and processing yield at 42 days of age. Pacheco had looked at the effects of supplementing poultry diets with whole instead of ground corn. The objective of this was to determine if this influenced bird growth, since it can save the feed manufacturer $0.01 per ton of feed, in AL this would mean a savings of conservatively $108,000. He observed that the inclusion of whole corn did not influence BW and feed consumption at 42 d of age. However, birds that received diets with whole corn had better FCR from 28 to 42 d of age (1.94 vs. 2.00, P<0.05). They also noticed that birds fed diets with 5% of whole corn had higher breast meat weight (292 vs. 284 g, P<0.05) than birds fed 7.5%, but similar to birds fed diets without whole corn. From this it was concluded that up to 5% of whole corn could be used to replace ground corn during the starter, grower and finisher periods without a negative effect on broiler performance or carcass characteristics Pacheco had also looked into the effects of corn particle size on broiler diets. It was reported that birds were able to consume diets with a corn particle size of approximately 912 ± 2.17 µm during the starter period without any adverse effects in growth performance, which may facilitate intake of coarser (> 1000 µm) particles in subsequent phases. This can lead to potentially saving poultry feed manufactures $0.005 per ton of feed, in AL this would mean a savings of conservatively $54,000. A follow up experiment had shown that feeding corn ground to 1,779 ± 2.63 µm demonstrated that broilers can consume particles with an average particle size higher than 1,500 µm from 14 to 28 d of age without a negative effect in growth performance parameters. A third experiment had shown that the bird's gizzard must be conditioned to handle the courser particle size in that broilers fed diets with a corn particle size > 1,600 µm did not grow as well as those that were fed the control diet. It was speculated that this effect may be attributable to the particle size of corn used during the starter and grower periods (650 µm) which likely did not stimulate the gizzard function and did not prepare the GIT tract to adapt to a coarser particle size in the finisher period. Objective three - Bourassa and Macklin have worked in this area. Macklin is trying to determine if the animal's microflora will influence Salmonella colonization and shedding. To date there doesn't seem to be a correlation between the two; however research is ongoing. Macklin has also worked extensively in trying to determine the best site within poultry for Salmonella detection This project has wrapped up and the best organ for sampling is the ceca, which is the one commonly harvested for Salmonella detection and enumeration. Bourassa looked at the effects of skip a day feeding in broiler breeders and had determined that this practice tends to lead to the persistence of Salmonella and Campylobacter. It was also shown that providing some feed on these days or not using the skip a day feeding regimen significantly reduces the presence of these pathogens leading to a potential decrease in hospital visits.

Publications

  • Type: Websites Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: Bourassa, D.V. Salmonella prevalence and diversity are impacted by sampling methodology. Engormix Technical Articles. June 13, 2018. Accessible at https://en.engormix.com/poultry-industry/articles/salmonella-prevalence-diversity-are-t41730.htm?utm_source=notification&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=0-1-0
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: Bourassa, D.V. Broiler respiratory tracts: A route for Salmonella? WATT Poultry USA. May 2018.
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2017 Citation: Bourassa, D.V. Antimicrobial use in poultry processing. Food Safety Magazine. P48-51. December 2017/January 2018.
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2017 Citation: Bourassa, D.V. Strategies for managing E. coli bacteria in stormwater runoff. APEA Magazine. P20-22. November/December 2017.
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: Fahrenholz, A. C., W. J. Pacheco, and C. R. Stark. Pest control plan a must in a feed mill. Feedstuffs, July 2018.
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: Stark, C. R., A. C. Fahrenholz, W. J. Pacheco. Implementing 5S or 6S housekeeping in mill. Feedstuffs, June 2018.
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: Pacheco, W. J., Fahrenholz, A. C., and C. R. Stark. Crumblers and crumble quality. Feedstuffs, May 2018.
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: Fahrenholz, A. C., W. J. Pacheco, and C. R. Stark. Contradicting decisions in feed manufacturing. Feedstuffs, April 2018.
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: Stark, C. R., A. C. Fahrenholz, W. J. Pacheco. Back to the basics. Feedstuffs, March 2018.
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: Stark, C. R., A. C. Fahrenholz, W. J. Pacheco. Feed Quality - What does PDI really mean?. Feedstuffs, September 2018.
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: Pacheco, W. J., Fahrenholz, A. C., and C. R. Stark. Producing Bio-secure Feed. Feedstuffs, August 2018.
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: Pacheco, W. J., Fahrenholz, A. C., and C. R. Stark. What does larger/smaller particle size mean for feed mill managers? Feedstuffs, February 2018.
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2017 Citation: Fahrenholz, A. C., W. J. Pacheco, and C. R. Stark. Cooler weather impacts cooler performance. Feedstuffs, December 2017.
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2017 Citation: Pacheco, W. J., Fahrenholz, A. C., and C. R. Stark. Feed conditioning during winter months. Feedstuffs, November 2017.
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2017 Citation: Stark, C. R., A. C. Fahrenholz, W. J. Pacheco. Mixing 101. Feedstuffs, October 2017.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: Franklin, A., B. R. Min, N. K. Gurung, J. H. Lee, and W. Pacheco. 2018. The effect of a linear relationship between the dose of peanut skin supplementation and animal performance, ruminal fermentation, blood metabolites, and carcass traits in meat goats confined indoor. J. Anim. Sci. (Suppl. 1). American Society of Animal Science 2018. PSVII-A
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: Rubio, A. A., J. C. Aranibar, F. Henry, and W. J. Pacheco. 2018. Feeding whole corn as an alternative to reduce electrical costs and improve growth rate and meat accretion of broilers. March 2018. Oral Presentation. This is Research Student Symposium, Auburn, AL
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: Rubio, A., J. Aranibar, H. Fuentes, and W. J. Pacheco. 2018. Effect of different inclusion levels of whole corn on productive and processing performance of broilers. Abstr. M79. Southern Poultry Science Society Meeting.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: Bortoluzzi, C., A. Rubio, J. Aranibar, T. Applegate, and W. J. Pacheco. 2018. Effect of whole corn inclusion in the diets of broiler chickens on ileal and cecal microbiota. P189. Southern Poultry Science Society Meeting.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: Pacheco, W. J., J. B. Hess, C. R. Stark, and A. Fahrenholz. Influence of feed manufacturing on poultry performance. Poultry nutrition seminar. Auburn AL. September 2018.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: Pacheco, W. J. 2018. Feed Mill Research Update, Auburn University. Poultry Nutrition and Milling Seminar. Huntsville, AL. April 2018.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: Pacheco, W. J. 2018. How to properly measure pellet quality and particle size. Feed Mill Management Seminar. Nashville, TN. March 2018.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: Macklin, K. and R. Hauck. 2018. Necrotic Enteritis. APEA Poultry Industry Workshop. Auburn, AL. Sept. 26, 2018.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: Philpot, S. K. Perryman, K. Macklin and W. Dozier III. 2018. Growth performance and carcass characteristics of broilers fed diets varying in amino acid densities and supplemental copper concentrations from 1 to 33 days of age. Poultry Science vol. 97 (E-Suppl. 1): 9
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: Velasquez, C.G., K.S. Macklin, S. Kumar, M. Bailey, P.E. Ebner, H.F. Oliver, F.S. Martin-Gonzalez and M. Singh. 2018. Prevalence and antimicrobial resistance patterns of Salmonella isolated from poultry farms in southeastern United States. Poultry Science, 97 (6), 2144-2152.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: Cloft, S. S. Rochell, K. Macklin and W. Dozier III. 2018. Effects of dietary amino acid density and feed allocation during the starter period on 41 d growth performance and processing characteristics of broiler chickens given coccidiosis vaccination at hatch. Poultry Science vol. 97 (E-Suppl. 1): 281.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: Brooks, L. J. Krehling, K. Chasteen, B. Singh and K. Macklin. 2018. Comparison of sites colonized in broilers when challenged with Salmonella Enteritidis. Poultry Science vol. 97 (E-Suppl. 1): 64.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: Cloft, S. S. Rochell, K. Macklin and W. Dozier III. 2018. Effects of pre-starter diets varying in amino acid density given to broilers that received coccidiosis vaccination at hatch. Poultry Science vol. 97 (E-Suppl. 1): 53.
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: Hess, J.B., K.M. Downs, W.J. Pacheco and K.S. Macklin, 2018. Organic trace minerals shown to improve broiler health, performance, Feedstuffs 90(8); 3 pp.
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: Hess, J.B., R. Hauck, W.J. Pacheco and D.V. Bourassa, 2018. 48 Hours to Processing. Alabama Poultry 13(9): 2 pp.
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: Hess, J.B., B. Gould, R. Hauck, J.J. Giambrone and W.D. Berry, 2018. Managing Mortality in Breeder Flocks. Alabama Poultry 12 (6)24-26.
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: Hess, J.B., K.S. Macklin and R. Hauck, 2018. Mortality management in antibiotic free production. Alabama Poultry 13(4):2 pp.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: Pacheco, W.J., J.B. Hess, C. Stark and A. Fahrenholz, 2018. Influence of feed manufacturing on poultry performance. Proceedings of the Arkansas Nutrition Conference, Fayetteville, AR, Sept. 13, 8 pp.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: Bourassa, D.V., J.B. Hess, W.J. Pacheco and K.S. Macklin, 2018. GAP (Global Animal Partnership) commitments and what that means for growers and processors. ALFA Alabama Poultry Producers Commodity Organizational Meeting. Montgomery, AL, Feb. 7
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: Berry, W.D., J.B. Hess and K.S. Macklin, 2018. Novel method for sanitation of hatching eggs during egg storage and incubation. International Poultry Scientific Forum, Atlanta, GA, Jan. 29-30 (abstr.)
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: Rubio, A.A., J.A. Lopez, J.B. Hess, W.A. Dozier and W.J. Pacheco, 2018. Effects of feed form and amino acid densities on productive and processing performance of broilers. Poult. Sci. 107, E-Suppl. 1:16.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: Wilson, K.M., D.V. Bourassa, B. McLendon, J.L. Wilson, and R.J. Buhr. 2018. Impact of skip-a-day and every-day feeding programs for broiler breeder pullets on the recovery of Salmonella and Campylobacter following challenge. Poult. Sci. 97:2775-2784.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: Bourassa, D.V., K.M. Wilson, C.R. Ritz, B.K. Kiepper, and R.J. Buhr. 2018. Evaluation of the addition of organic acids in the feed and/or water for broilers and the subsequent recovery of Salmonella Typhimurium from litter and ceca. Poult. Sci. 97:64-73. (AOC)
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2017 Citation: Buhr, R.J., D.V. Bourassa, A. Hinton, Jr., B.D. Fairchild, and C.W. Ritz. 2017. Impact of litter Salmonella status during feed withdrawal on Salmonella recovery from the broiler crop and ceca. Poult. Sci. 96:4361-4369.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: Starkey, J., R. Shirley, A. Welsher, O. Tejeda, L. Spencer, D.V. Bourassa, and C. Starkey. 2018. Effect of dietary protein source and litter condition on growth performance and meat yield of broiler chickens reared to 46 days of age. PSA Annual Meeting, July 23-26, 2018. San Antonio, TX.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: Rubio, A.A., J.A. Lopez, J.B. Hess, W.A. Dozier and W.J. Pacheco, 2018. Effects of corn particle size during the finisher period on broiler growth performance. Poult. Sci. 107, E-Suppl. 1:499.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: Linares, L., M. Rebollo, A. Firman, D. Neves, A. Grove, D.V. Bourassa, J.B. Hess and W.J. Pacheco, 2018. Effect of digestible lysine levels and metal-amino acid complexes on performance and breast meat characteristics in broilers. Poult. Sci. 107, E-Suppl. 1:500
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: Chasteen, K. K.S. Macklin, J.B. Hess and D.E. Conner, 2018. The effect of certain feed additives on live performance of antibiotic-free broilers. Proceedings of the Poultry Science Association 2018 Annual Meeting, San Antonio, TX, July 23-26.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: Buhr, R.J., D.V. Bourassa, and K.M. Wilson. 2018. Impact of egg holding temperatures on the recovery of inoculated Salmonella from eggshells and stainless steel coupons. PSA Annual Meeting, July 23-26, 2018. San Antonio, TX.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: Bourassa, D.V., C.E. Harris, L.N. Bartenfeld, and R.J. Buhr. 2018. Assessment of stabilized hydrogen peroxide as an antimicrobial agent for use in reducing Campylobacter prevalence and levels on broiler chicken wings. PSA Annual Meeting, July 23-26, 2018. San Antonio, TX.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: Bourassa, D.V., I.B. Wise, J.L. Lapidus, M. Johnson, and A. Morey. 2018. Efficacy of neutralizing buffered peptone water on broiler whole carcass rinse Salmonella, Campylobacter, and Enterobacteriaceae following commercial treatment with peroxyacetic acid. International Poultry Scientific Forum, January 29-30, 2018. Atlanta, GA.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: Harris, C.E., M.L. Teo, L. Lu, C.T. Mou, K.A. Gotilla, L.N. Bartenfeld, D.V. Bourassa, B.D. Fairchild, B.H. Kiepper, and R.J. Buhr. 2018. Evaluation of water treatments during feed and water withdrawal on water usage and Salmonella prevalence in broilers. International Poultry Scientific Forum, January 29-30, 2018. Atlanta, GA.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2017 Citation: Hess, J.B., D.V. Bourassa, W.J. Pacheco, W.A. Dozier, and W.D. Berry. The Alabama Poultry Industry. Auburn, AL. October 9, 2017.


Progress 10/01/16 to 09/30/17

Outputs
Target Audience:Poultry farmers, poultry company representatives, researchers and government regulators Changes/Problems: Nothing Reported What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?The AL team members have trained over this past year one MS students. In addition severalgraduate students by Pacheco and Macklin have been initiated and several undergraduates have been mentored by all members. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?Results have been disseminated at scientific meetings both orally and through written reports (abstract, peer reviewed papers). The more practical findings have been disseminated to target groups through presentations at appropriate meeting and written material in trade journals. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?The AL team members plan on continuing their efforts into this project.

Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals? Objective one - The team of Campbell, Davis and Donald have worked extensively in this area in looking at the ways to better heat and cooll chicks during the brood period. Campbell and Donald have very strong extension programs in which they teach effective poultry house managment to minimize costs to the farmer, while mazimizing effeciency in growing broiler chickens. Davis works predominetly in developing better ways to heat chicks during the brood period (when the birds are very young). Objective two - Hess, Macklin and Pacheco work in this area. Macklin has concentrated his reasarch efforts in understanding the poultry disease necrotic enteritis (NE). His work has shown that poorly digested or an overabundance of nutrients will lead to a proliferation of the bacteria that cause NE. He has also used next gen sequencing to determine the microflora that are present that may predispose Objective one - The team of Campbell, Davis and Donald have worked extensively in this area in looking at the ways to better heat and cool chicks during the brood period. Campbell and Donald have very strong extension programs in which they teach effective poultry house management to minimize costs to the farmer, while maximizing efficiency in growing broiler chickens. Davis works predominantly in developing better ways to heat chicks during the brood period (when the birds are very young). Objective two - Hess, Macklin and Pacheco work in this area. Macklin has concentrated his research efforts in understanding the poultry disease necrotic enteritis (NE). His work has shown that poorly digested or an overabundance of nutrients will lead to a proliferation of the bacteria that cause NE. He has also used next gen sequencing to determine the microflora that are present within poultry that may predisposethem to this or other diseases. Results so far indicate that there is no simple "steady state" for what is normal. Research into this by his team is ongoing. Hess and Pacheco have looked extensively at pellet size in effecting bird health and growth. To date they have shown considerable promise with micro pellets in achieving this goal. The issue is scale and time. Creating a micro pellet is currently cost inefficient in both energy and time. Additionally to produce these pellets in the volume the poultry industry needs will be a challenge. Macklin and Hess have looked at alternatives to controlling litter ammonia release. To date a couple of the bacterial based products seem to have promise. However none are as effective as the litter acidifying products. Objective three - Bourassa and Macklin have worked in this area. Macklin is trying to determine if the animal's microflora will influence Salmonella colonization and shedding. To date there doesn't seem to be a correlation between the two; however research is on going in this area. Macklin has also worked extensively in trying to determine the best site within poultry for Salmonella detection when challenged with different Salmonella serovars and through different routes. For birds challenged with 1000 cfu of Salmonella at day 0 as well as the routes that have been tested at day 14 the ceca, which is the common organ harvested for Salmonella, detection is the best. Work in his lab is ongoing looking at other routes of challenge at day 14 as well as at day 28. Bourassa is looking at alternative methodology for recovering Salmonella off of chicken carcasses at the processing plant. In addition she is currently in the process of determining alternative methods of stunning chickens, one that may be more humane to the animals.

Publications

  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2017 Citation: W.A. Dozier, III, K. McCafferty and J.B. Hess, 2017. Growth and meat yield responses of RossxRoss 708 male broilers fed diets formulated with distillers dried grains with solubles varying in ether extract content and inclusion rate from 1 to 49 days of age. J. Appl. Poult. Res. 26:23-37.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2017 Citation: D.B. Watts, J.B. Hess, S.F. Bilgili, H.A. Torbert, J.L. Sibley and J.D. Davis, 2017. Flue gas desulfurization gypsum: Its effectiveness as an alternative bedding material for broiler production. J. Appl. Poult. Res. 26:50-59
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2017 Citation: Berry, WD and J.B. Hess, 2017.Increased hatchability and livability of chicks from eggs treated with a novel sanitization technology during egg storage and at the time of egg transfer. Proceedings of the Poultry Science Association 2017 Annual Meeting, July 17-20, Orlando FL.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2017 Citation: Hess, J.B., D.B. Watts, H.A. Torbert, J. Davis and J. Sibley, 2017. Gypsum as a bedding source for broiler chickens. Proceedings of the 114th Annual Meeting of the Southern Association of Agricultural Scientists, Mobile, AL, Feb. 7.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2017 Citation: Rubio, A.A., A.F. Pinto, J.B. Hess and W.J. Pacheco, 2017. Evaluation of the effect of corn particle size on pellet quality using three methodologies. Proceedings of the Poultry Science Association 2017 Annual Meeting, July 17-20, Orlando FL
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2017 Citation: Rubio, A.A., A.F. Pinto, J.B. Hess and W.J. Pacheco, 2017. Effect of corn particle size during the starter and grower periods on broiler performance. Proceedings of the Poultry Science Association 2017 Annual Meeting, July 17-20, Orlando FL
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2017 Citation: Hess, J.B., W.D. Berry, D.V. Bourassa, C.M. Kwon and R.W. Wallace, 2017. Can a dried Chlorella Vulgaris algae/Duckweed feed ingredient enhance skin pigmentation for chicken skin and egg yolks. XXIII European Symposium on the Quality of Poultry Meat, Sept. 3-5, Edinburgh, Scotland
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2017 Citation: Hess, J.B., E. van Santen, W.J. Pacheco, C. Starkey, W.D. Berry and W.A. Dozier, 2017. Lupins can be an alternative protein source for chickens and pigs. WATTAgNet, 2017-04-06.
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2017 Citation: Hess, J.B., W.J. Pacheco, W.D. Berry and W.A. Dozier, 2017. Mycotoxins in broiler and breeder feeds. Alabama Poultry, 12(1), Jan./Feb., 2 pp.
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2017 Citation: Pacheco, W.J. and J.B. Hess, 2017. Maintaining feed quality on the farm. Alabama Poultry, 12(3), May/June, 2 pp.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2017 Citation: Li, L., M. Luther, K. Macklin, D. Pugh, J. Li, J. Zhang, J. Roberts, B. Kaltenboeck and C. Wang. 2017. Chlamydia gallinacea: a widespread emerging Chlamydia agent with zoonotic potential in backyard poultry. Epidemiology & Infection 145 (13), 2701-2703.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2017 Citation: Kallenberg, I., J. Giambrone, K. Macklin, T. Dormitorio. 2017. The role of litter beetles, water, and rodents in avian influenza virus transmission. Abstract T146. Poultry Science vol. 96 (E-Suppl. 1): 288
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2017 Citation: Chadwick, E., J. Krehling, L. MacKay, B. Schrader, K. Macklin. 2017. Environmental influences of Salmonella Heidelberg colonization in commercial broilers. Abstract M51. Poultry Science vol. 96 (E-Suppl. 1): 261.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2017 Citation: Singh, B., J. Krehling, E. Chadwick, B. Schrader and K. Macklin. 2017. Bacterial litter amendments to control ammonia. Abstract P224. Poultry Science vol. 96 (E-Suppl. 1): 299
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2017 Citation: Schrader, B., E. Chadwick, L. MacKay, J. Krehling and K. Macklin. 2017. Effect of multi-strain Bacillus probiotic on performance parameters of broiler chickens. Abstract P292. Poultry Science vol. 96 (E-Suppl. 1): 299.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2017 Citation: Schrader, B., E. Chadwick, L. MacKay, J. Krehling and K. Macklin. 2017. Effect of multi-strain Bacillus probiotic on the ileal and cecal microbiota of broiler chickens, Abstract 547P. Poultry Science vol. 96 (E-Suppl. 1): 198.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2017 Citation: Chadwick, E., J. Krehling, B. Singh, B. Schrader and K. Macklin. 2017. Differences in recovery of Salmonella Heidelberg when chicks are inoculated on days 0 and 14. Abstract 67. Poultry Science vol. 96 (E-Suppl. 1): 24-25
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2017 Citation: Chowdhury,E., K. Macklin, J. Giambrone and B. Kaltenboeck. 2017. A synthetic biodegradable microparticle vaccine of femtomole-dosed peptide antigens protects against Infectious Bursal Disease virus and shows growth promotion and better feed efficiency in chickens
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2016 Citation: Chadwick, E.V., J.T. Krehling, L.B. Olivia, and K.S. Macklin. 2016. Continuous exposure of Salmonella Enteritidis or Heidelberg in broiler chicken feed. College of Agriculture Graduate Student Symposium, Auburn, AL., Oct. 27, 2016
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2017 Citation: Macklin, K., J. Hess, J. Blake. 2017. Biosecurity for Backyard Poultry Flocks. Alabama Cooperative Extension Services, ANR-2391. March 2017. p. 1-2.
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2017 Citation: Macklin, K., J. Cline and F. Hoerr. 2017. Submitting poultry samples to the Alabama state diagnostic laboratories. Alabama Cooperative Extension Services, ANR-2390. March 2017. p. 1-2.
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2017 Citation: Giambrone, J.G., K. S. Macklin and J. Roberts. 2017. The role of poultry feed, litter beetles, drinking water, and mice in the transmission of Avian Influenza virus (AIV). Alabama Poultry Magazine, July/August, 24-26
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2017 Citation: Harris, C.E., L.N. Bartenfeld, D.V. Bourassa, B.D. Fairchild, B.H. Kiepper, and R.J. Buhr. 2017. Evaluation of cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC) on water usage and Salmonalla retention in broilers following feed and water withdrawal. PSA Annual Meeting, July 16-20, 2017. Orlando, FL
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2017 Citation: Bourassa, D.V., B.C. Bowker, H. Zhuang, C.E. Harris, and R.J. Buhr. 2017. Impact of alternative electrical stunning parameters on the ability of broilers to recover consciousness and meat quality. Poult. Sci. 96:3495-3501.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2017 Citation: Gamble, G.R., M.E. Berrang, R.J. Buhr, A. Hinton, Jr., D.V. Bourassa, K.D. Ingram, E.S. Adams, P.W. Feldner, and J.J. Johnston. 2017. Neutralization of bactericidal activity related to antimicrobial carryover in broiler carcass rinse samples. J. Food Prot. 80:685-691.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2017 Citation: Bourassa, D.V., K.M. Wilson, L.N. Bartenfeld, C.E. Harris, A.K. Howard, K.D. Ingram, A. Hinton, Jr., M.E. Berrang, G.R. Gamble, J.G. Frye, C.R. Jackson, and R.J. Buhr. 2017. Carcass orientation and drip time affect potential surface water carryover for broiler carcasses subjected to a post-chill water dip or spray. Poult. Sci. 96:241-245.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2017 Citation: Bourassa, D.V., B.C. Bowker, H. Zhuang, and R.J. Buhr. 2017. Impact of low atmosphere pressure stun/killing of broilers on breast skin Salmonella and Campylobacter post-defeathering and breast fillet meat quality. XVII European Symposium on the Quality of Eggs and Egg Products and XXIII European Symposium on the Quality of Poultry Meat, September 3-5, 2017. Edinburgh, Scotland, UK.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2017 Citation: Bourassa, D.V., J.B. Hess, A. Tigue, and J. Elmore. 2017. Methods, equipment, and considerations during training for backyard chicken processing. PSA Annual Meeting, July 16-20, 2017. Orlando, FL
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2017 Citation: Macklin, K. 2017. Avian Influenza Faq. Alabama Cooperative Extension Services, ANR-2304. March 2017. p. 1-2.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2017 Citation: Harris, C.E., K.A. Gotilla, D.V. Bourassa, R.J. Buhr, and B.H. Kiepper. 2017. Impact of scalding duration and scalding water temperature on broiler processing wastewater load. International Poultry Scientific Forum, January 30-31, 2017. Atlanta, GA.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2017 Citation: Bourassa, D.V. 2017. Prevalence and diversity of serogroups of Salmonella in samples obtained by different methodologies. XXV Congreso LatinoAmericano de Avicultura (LAPC), September 26-29, 2017, Guadalajara, Jalisco, M�xico
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2017 Citation: Bourassa, D.V. 2017. Humane methods for loading broilers into cages for transport to the processing plant to improve profit. 10� Congreso Internacional Aviespecialistas (AVEM), March 7-9, 2017, Quer�taro, Juriquilla, M�xico
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2016 Citation: Berry, W.D., D.V. Bourassa, J. Davis, J. Hess, J. Johnson, A. Morey, and R. Wallace. 2016. Advancements in poultry stunning. North American Meat Institute Animal Care and Handling Conference. October 13, 2016. Kansas City, MO.
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2017 Citation: Bourassa, D.V. Every-day feeding programs for broiler breeder pullets can minimize both intestinal and litter Salmonella. APEA Magazine. July/August 2017
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2017 Citation: Bourassa, D.V. Every-day feeding programs for broiler breeder pullets can minimize both intestinal and litter Salmonella. APEA Magazine. July/August 2017.
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2017 Citation: Fahrenholz, A. C., W. J. Pacheco, and C. R. Stark. Do what you say, then document it. Feedstuffs, June 2017.
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2017 Citation: Stark, C. R., A. C. Fahrenholz, W. J. Pacheco. The daily grind of a hammermill. Feedstuffs, May 2017
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2017 Citation: Pacheco, W. J., Fahrenholz, A. C., and C. R. Stark. Strategies to reduce shrink during feed processing. Feedstuffs, April 2017
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2017 Citation: Fahrenholz, A. C., C. R. Stark, and W. J. Pacheco. Mills need to provide context for growth performance number. Feedstuffs, March 2017.
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2017 Citation: Stark, C. R., A. C. Fahrenholz, W. J. Pacheco. Evaluating Particle size. Feedstuffs, February 2017
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2017 Citation: Stark, C. R., A. C. Fahrenholz, W. J. Pacheco. University feed programs continue to grow. Feedstuffs, January 2017
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2017 Citation: Bourassa, D.V. Decomisos por synovitis asociada a patas verdes  rupture del gastrocnemio. aviNews A. Latina, Marzo 2017
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2017 Citation: Bourassa, D.V. Raw Poultry Products. What do all those labels mean? ACES ANR-2386.
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2017 Citation: Fahrenholz, A. C., W. J. Pacheco, and C. R. Stark. Size and Structure, Strengths and Weaknesses. Feedstuffs, September 2017
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2017 Citation: Pacheco, W. J., Fahrenholz, A. C., and C. R. Stark. Sampling ingredients, finished feeds essential. Feedstuffs, August 2017
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2017 Citation: Stark, C. R., A. C. Fahrenholz, W. J. Pacheco. Managing by numbers. Feedstuffs, July 2017.
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2016 Citation: Pacheco, W. J., C. R. Stark, A. Fahrenholz. Improving pellet quality in poultry feed. Feedstuffs, October 2016.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2017 Citation: P. Alfonso, C. L. Perera, M. Torres*, J. J. Giambrone, K Macklin, and W. Pacheco. 2017. Development and demonstration of in-house composting methods in Cuba. Avian Pathologist, July 21-25. Indianapolis, IN.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2017 Citation: Rubio, A., E. Lezcano, A. Pinto, and W. J. Pacheco. 2017. Effects of micro pellets during the starter period on performance and carcass characteristics of broilers. This is research: Student symposium. Auburn University. April, 2017.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2017 Citation: Rubio, A., W. Dozier, E. Lezcano, and W. J. Pacheco. 2017. Effects of feed form during the starter period on productive and processing performance of broilers. Abstr. M84. Southern Poultry Science Society Meeting
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2017 Citation: Pacheco, W. J., W. D. Berry, and J. B. Hess, R. Cabrera, and M. Richards. 2017. Live performance and footpad health in broilers fed an additive composed of secondary plant compounds (SPC) and vaccinated for coccidiosis. Abstr. T172. Southern Poultry Science Society Meeting.


Progress 05/27/16 to 09/30/16

Outputs
Target Audience:Poultry farmers, poultry company representatives, researchers and government regulators Changes/Problems: Nothing Reported What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?The AL team members have trained over this past year three MS students. In addition to graduate students, several undergraduates have been mentored. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?Results have been disseminated at scientific meetings both orally and through written reports (abstract, peer reviewed papers). The more practical findings have been disseminated to target groups through presentations at appropriate meeting and written material in trade journals. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?The AL team members plan on continuing their efforts into this project.

Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals? Objective 1 - AL, MS. A system and methodology were developed to compare the radiant heating performance of round radiant heaters used in commercial broiler housing systems. The objectives of this study were to develop a system to measure the radiant energy emitted by round radiant heaters that reached the floor (measuring plane), use spatial modeling to estimate total radiant flux output at the measuring plane, and compare heater gross radiant coefficients (GRC). A test stand was created to operate the radiant heaters. Radiant flux energy was measured at 1.22, 1.52, 1.83, and 1.98 m above the litter surface. Results showed that 95% of the heat that reached the litter surface was within a radius 4.71 m from the center of the heater. Total heated area ranged from 13.9 to 61.5 m2 between 1.22 and 1.83 m canopy elevations. Mean radiant energy reaching the measuring plane was 2.54, 3.00, 3.34, and 4.29 kW for canopy elevations of 1.22, 1.52, 1.83, and 1.98 m, respectively. Mean gross heat input was 10.76 kW and ranged from 9.39 to 13.17 kW across all heaters. GRC ranged from 0.21 to 0.41 and increased with heater elevations. Objective 2- No progress has been made in this area by the participants Objective 3- Modification to poultry's diet can lead to a decrease in problematic waste production. Some of the work performed had shown a slight decrease in nutrient shedding, while growth of the animal reminded within expected guidelines. Food safety research performed this past year had shown that route of innocultion does influence site of colonization in the animal.

Publications

  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2016 Citation: Watts, D.B., J.B. Hess, S.F. Bilgili, H.A. Torbert, J.L. Sibley, and J.D. Davis. 2016. Flue gas desulfurization gypsum: its effectiveness as an alternative bedding material for broiler production. J. Appl. Poult. Res. doi: 10.3382/japr/pfw045
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2016 Citation: Hess, J.B., S.F. Bilgili, K.S. Macklin, W.D. Berry, J.L. Sibley, H.A. Torbert, D.B. Watts, J.D. Davis and O. Cengiz, 2016. Influence of various alternative bedding materials on foot pad dermatitis (FPD) in broiler chickens raised in a built-up litter system. Proceedings of the Worlds Poultry Congress. Sep 5-9, Beijing, China
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2016 Citation: Linhoss, J.E., J.L. Purswell, and J.D. Davis. 2016. Radiant flux preferences of neonatal broiler chicks during brooding. Paper for the 2016 ASABE International Meeting, Paper #162458833. July 17-20, Orlando, FL.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2016 Citation: Linhoss, J.E., J.L. Purswell, and J.D. Davis. 2016. Preference of young chicks for varying radiant fluxes. Poult. Sci. 95(E-suppl. 1): 268
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2016 Citation: Campbell, J.C., D. Brothers, J.D. Davis, E. Simpson, and J.O. Donald. 2016. Practical applications for energy savings. Alabama Poultry 11(5): 26-28.
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2016 Citation: Campbell, J.C., J.D. Davis, D. Brothers, E. Simpson, and J.O. Donald. 2016. LED lighting for hen houses. Alabama Poultry 11(5): 29
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2016 Citation: Campbell, J.C., D. Brothers, J.D. Davis, E. Simpson, and J.O. Donald. 2016. Grower Tips. Alabama Poultry 11(5): 30.
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2016 Citation: Campbell, J.C., D. Brothers, J.D. Davis, E. Simpson, and J.O. Donald. 2016. Grower tips: cold weather preparations, getting your houses ready for winter temperatures. Poultry Times 63(21): 8,27-31.
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2016 Citation: Brothers, D., J.C. Campbell, J.D. Davis, E. Simpson, and J.O. Donald. 2016. Exploration of solar power for the modern poultry farm. Poultry Times 63(17): 18-22
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2016 Citation: Campbell, J.C., D. Brothers, J.D. Davis, E. Simpson, and J.O. Donald. 2016. Getting ready for colder weather. Alabama Poultry 11(4): 25-28
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2016 Citation: Campbell, J.C., J.D. Davis, D. Brothers, E. Simpson, and J.O. Donald. 2016. Evaporative cooling dog house inspections pay off. Alabama Poultry 11(3): 26.
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2016 Citation: Brothers, D., J.C. Campbell, J.D. Davis, E. Simpson, and J.O. Donald. 2016. Proper preparation prevents poor performance in curtain sided house spray foam upgrades. Alabama Poultry 11(3): 28-30.
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2016 Citation: Campbell, J.C., D. Brothers, J.D. Davis, E. Simpson, and J.O. Donald. 2016. Hot weather: 5 opportunities to maximize airflow and cooling. Poultry Times 63(12): 42-49.
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2016 Citation: Brown. W., E.Simpson, J.D. Davis, J.C. Campbell, D. Brothers, and J.O. Donald. 2016. Comparing LED lamps on a commercial broiler farm  Once Innovations and Overdrive. Alabama Poultry 11(2): 28-30.
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2016 Citation: Campbell, J.C., D. Brothers, J.D. Davis, E. Simpson, and J.O. Donald. 2016. Hot weather: 5 opportunities for maximum airflow and cooling. Poultry Engineering, Economics and Management. Newsletter Issue 91, March
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2016 Citation: Campbell, J.C., D. Brothers, J.D. Davis, E. Simpson, and J.O. Donald. 2016. Grower Tip: Simple steps to repair damaged fan housings. Alabama Poultry 11(1): 29-30
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2016 Citation: Campbell, J.C., D. Brothers, J.D. Davis, E. Simpson, and J.O. Donald. 2016. Hot weather: 5 opportunities for maximum airflow and cooling. Alabama Poultry 11(1): 26-28.
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2016 Citation: Campbell, J.C., D. Brothers, J.D. Davis, E. Simpson, and J.O. Donald. 2016. Grower tips: practical applications for energy savings. Poultry Times 63(4): 32-46.
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2016 Citation: Campbell, J.C., D. Brothers, J.D. Davis, E. Simpson, and J.O. Donald. 2016. Benefits of recirculating fan systems. Poultry Engineering, Economics and Management. Newsletter Issue 90, January.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2016 Citation: Pacheco, W.J., W.D. Berry and J.B. Hess, 2016, Broiler performance and footpad health in broilers fed an additive composed of secondary plant compounds (SPC). Proceedings of the 2016 Int. Poul. Sci. Forum, Atlanta, GA, Jan. 25-26, Abst. T189.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2016 Citation: K. McCafferty, J.B. Hess and W.A. Dozier III. 2016. Growth performance and meat yield responses of RossxRoss 708 male broilers fed diets formulated with distillers dried grains with solubles varying in either extract content and inclusion rate from 1 to 49 days of age. ). Proceedings of the 2016 Int. Poul. Sci. Forum, Atlanta, GA, Jan. 25-26.
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2016 Citation: Giambrone, J.J., K.S. Macklin, J. Roberts, T. Kelly and J.B. Hess, 2016. Blackhead in broiler breeders and commercial table egg pullets. Alabama Poultry, vol. 11, No. 4, pp. 24
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2016 Citation: Blake, J.P. and J.B. Hess, 2016. Evaluating Water Quality for Poultry.http://en.engormix.com/MA-poultry-industry/management/articles/evaluating water quality for poultry, 12/2/2016
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2016 Citation: Gradl, J., P. Curtis, K. Keener, K. Macklin and R. Norton. 2016. Moisture content and moisture quantity of sweated chicken eggs in two storage environments. Journal of Applied Poultry Research, 25 (2), 1-8
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2016 Citation: Macklin, K., *E. Chadwick, J. Krehling, L. Olivia and *B. Schrader. 2016. Comparing Salmonella Enteritidis and Salmonella Heidelberg colonization in broiler chickens that were continuously exposed to these bacteria in the feed. In: Proceedings of the XXV Worlds Poultry Congress, Sept. 5-9, 2016, Beijing, China.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2016 Citation: Macklin, K.S., *E.V. Chadwick, *J.T. Krehling, *L.B. Olivia and *B.C. Schrader. 2016. A comparison of Salmonella Enteritidis colonization in broiler chickens following an intertracheal and subcutaneous challenge. In: Proceedings of the 65th Western Poultry Disease Conference, April 24-27, 2016, Vancouver, BC, Canada
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2016 Citation: Dormitorio, T.V., J.J. Giambrone and K.S. Macklin. 2016. Litter composting procedures of Avian Influenza Virus in eggs. Abstract presented at the 2016 meeting of the American Association of Avian Pathologist. San Antonio, TX August 6-9, 2016
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2016 Citation: Chadwick, E., *J. Krehling, *L. MacKay, *B. Schrader and K.S. Macklin. 2016. Recovery of Salmonella Enteritidis and Heidelberg from marker age broilers when inoculated as chicks. Abstract 66. Poultry Science vol. 95 (E-Suppl. 1): 22.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2016 Citation: MacKay, L.B., *J.T. Krehling, T., Y.-T. Wang, *E.V. Chadwick, *B. Schrader, K.S. Macklin. 2016. Effects of Bacillus direct-fed microbial and plant extracts on the prevalence of necrotic enteritis when challenged with a necrotic enteritis model. Abstract 337P. Poultry Science vol. 9 (E-Suppl. 1): 116.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2016 Citation: Krehling, J.T., *L.B. MacKay, *B. Schrader, *E.V. Chadwick, J.B. Hess and K.S. Macklin. 2016. Effect of a direct-fed sulfur on ammonia emission in built-up litter. Abstract 378P. Poultry Science vol. 9 (E-Suppl. 1): 128.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2016 Citation: Schrader, B.C., *E.C. Chadwick, *L.B. MacKay, *J.T. Krehling, M.R. Liles and K.S. Macklin. 2016. The in vitro effectiveness of four Bacillus strains against three major pathogens. Abstract 478P. Poultry Science vol. 9 (E-Suppl. 1): 160
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2016 Citation: Velasquez, C.G., *M. Bailey, S. Corkran, K.S. Macklin and M. Singh. 2016. Antimicrobial resistance patterns of Salmonella isolated from poultry farms. Abstract 492P. Poultry Science vol. 9 (E-Suppl. 1): 164
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2016 Citation: Schrader, B., *E. Chadwick, Y. Li, K. Macklin and A. Morey. 2016 Evaluaiton of objective methods to detect woody breast and white striping myopathy. Abstract M11. Poultry Science vol. 9 (E-Suppl. 1): 198
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2016 Citation: Chadwick, E.V., K. Macklin, *J. Krehling, *L. MacKay, *A., Frazier, *B. Schrader. 2016. Determination of the rout3e of challenge and eventual colonization sites of Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis when chicks are inoculated on day 0. Abstract M16. Poultry Science vol. 9 (E-Suppl. 1): 199.
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2016 Citation: Macklin, K., J. Giambrone. 2016. Eliminating LT from the farm. Alabama Poultry Magazine, March/April, 26.