Source: NORTH CAROLINA STATE UNIV submitted to
BIOLOGY, ECOLOGY & MANAGEMENT OF EMERGING DISEASE VECTORS
Sponsoring Institution
National Institute of Food and Agriculture
Project Status
TERMINATED
Funding Source
HATCH
Reporting Frequency
Annual
Accession No.
1009773
Grant No.
(N/A)
Project No.
NC01443
Proposal No.
(N/A)
Multistate No.
NE-1443
Program Code
(N/A)
Project Start Date
Jun 3, 2016
Project End Date
Sep 30, 2019
Grant Year
(N/A)
Project Director
Reiskind, M.
Recipient Organization
NORTH CAROLINA STATE UNIV
(N/A)
RALEIGH,NC 27695
Performing Department
Entomology
Non Technical Summary
Mosquitoes are nasty creatures, and by understanding their biology, we can control them and minimize their impact on people, pets, and other animals.
Animal Health Component
25%
Research Effort Categories
Basic
75%
Applied
25%
Developmental
(N/A)
Classification

Knowledge Area (KA)Subject of Investigation (SOI)Field of Science (FOS)Percent
7210430107025%
1240430107025%
7230530108025%
3153830107025%
Knowledge Area
124 - Urban Forestry; 723 - Hazards to Human Health and Safety; 721 - Insects and Other Pests Affecting Humans; 315 - Animal Welfare/Well-Being and Protection;

Subject Of Investigation
0430 - Climate; 0530 - Parks and urban green space; 3830 - Pets (companion animals);

Field Of Science
1070 - Ecology; 1080 - Genetics;
Goals / Objectives
Development of parasitic arthropod catalogue/resources <i>Ae. albopictus</i> and <i>Ae. aegypti</i>, with a focus on surveillance, invasion ecology, genetics New Control Tools, including socio-ecological approaches Training and training tools
Project Methods
We have a number of projects which employ a variety of methods. I will just describe some general methods that cover much of what we do.1. Mosqutio husbandry. A critical element of any mosquito-based lab is rearing mosquitoes. We have two dedicated spaces for this, both ACL-2 (athropod containment level 2) certified. These are kept between 24-27 C, on a 14L:10D light cycle, and around 80% humidity. Adult mosquitoes are either fed on artificial membranes filled with citrated bovine or canine blood, or on a human volunteer (MHR), with approval from the NCSU Biosafety Committee. Adults are provided with 10-20% sucrose or organic raisins for a sugar source. Aedeslarva are reared at a density of 100larvae/l of water, with about about 1g of fish pellets as a food source. A number of our experiments vary environmental factors at the larval stage: density, food, temperature, etc.2. Field trapping. We use several methods for trapping mosquitoes in the field. Most commonly, we use CDC miniature light traps baited with dry ice (CO2). We also use ovitraps to collect container mosquito eggs. 3. Genetic/genomic work. We use population genetic techniques, applied to either microsatellites or genomic data (SNPs). This requires standard laboratory practices of extracting DNA, PCR, and running gels. For genomics, we use a double-digest RADSeq method to reduce genomic complexity. Raw data are then analyzed with a variety of "off the shelf" progams and bespoke scripts to examine population level differences in genotype forAedes aegypti.

Progress 06/03/16 to 09/30/19

Outputs
Target Audience:Work associated with this project was reported through several outlets. These included scientific meetings (Entomological Society of America, North Carolina Vector and Mosquito Control Association, Arbovirus Workshop at Anastasia Mosquito Control), and as well as outreach activities. Changes/Problems: Nothing Reported What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?In addition to training mosquito control workers in North Carolina, we have matriculated three doctoral students from 2018-2020 andhad 9 undergraduates gain research experience. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?We have published our findings in peer-review journals, given talks at local, state, and national meetings, and the PI served at the editor of the state newsletter for mosquito and vector control professionals. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals? Nothing Reported

Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals? 1). We have shared our information about what colonies of mosquitoes we maintain. 2). We have completed several studies on albopcitus and aegypti distribution, behavior, and popualtion genetics. 3). We have completed two studies (in 2019/2020) on control approaches, one of which is recently published (and will be reported in 2019/2020 accomplishments) and the other in preparation. 4). We have conducted some training exercises for the NCVMCA, Wake County, NC,and Duke University.

Publications

  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Seger, K.R., Drummond, A., Delgado, D., Day, C.A., Sither, C.B., Soghigian, J. Wiegmann, B.M. Reiskind, M.H., Ellis, B.R and Byrd, B.D. 2019. First Record of Mansonia dyari From Saint Croix, United States Virgin Islands. Journal of the American Mosquito Control Association: September 2019, Vol. 35, No. 3, pp. 214-216. https://doi.org/10.2987/19-6859.1
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Hopperstad, K.A., Reiskind, M.H., Labadie, P.E. and Reiskind, M.O.B. 2019. Patterns of genetic divergence among populations of Aedes aegypti L. (Diptera: Culicidae) in the southeastern USA. Parasites Vectors 12, 511. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13071-019-3769-0
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Mongahan, A.J., Hayden, M.H., Smith, K.A., Reiskind, M.H., Cabell, R., Ernst, K.C. 2019. A simple model to predict the potential distribution of Aedes aegypti mosquitoes one month in advance. The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 100 (2), 434-437.


Progress 10/01/17 to 09/30/18

Outputs
Target Audience:I have actively engaged both the public health professional audience (CDC, North Carolina Department of Health and Human Services, County Environmental Health) and the mosquito control audience (through the North Carolina Mosquito and Vector Control Agency, of which I was the president, and the American Mosquito Control Agency). Changes/Problems: Nothing Reported What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?I currently have three PhD students, and have matriculated one PhD student from 2017-2018. I have conducted several training workshops with colleagues that provide CEU for pesticide licenses as well as envivornmental helath CEUs. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?I have helped run local and regional meetings in the area of mosquito control and vector biology. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?We have several plans: 1. Examine the landscape and population genetics of Ae. albopictus in Florida and North Carolina. 2. Continue surveillance of container Aedes in North Carolina. 3. Examine household level control approaches in North Carolina 4. Support collabroative efforts in resistance monitoring.

Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals? 1. We have many perserved samples from years of collecting. We maintain several strains and species of mosquitoes. 2. We have published several papers on these species, in particular their invasion ecology and genetics. 3. We have not made progress on this goal in 2017-2018, but have several data sets in analysis. 4. I have matriculated one doctoral student in this area in 2017-2018, Dr. Kristen Hopperstad.

Publications

  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: Reiskind, M.O.B., Labadie, P.E., Bargielowski, I., Lounibos, L.P., and Reiskind, M.H. 2018. Rapid evolution and the genomic consequences of selection against interspecific mating. Molecular Ecology 27 (18): 3641-3654. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/mec.14821.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: Richards, S.L., Balanay, J.A.G., White, A.V., Hope, J., Vandock, K., Byrd, B.D., and Reiskind, M.H. 2018. Insecticide susceptibility screening against Culex and Aedes (Diptera: Culicidae) mosquitoes from the United States. Journal of Medical Entomology 55(2): 398-407. https://doi.org/10.1093/jme/tjx198.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: Reiskind, M.H., and Janairo, M.S. 2018. Tracking larval behavior across development: effects of temperature and nutrients on individuals⿿ foraging behavior. Journal of Medical Entomology 55 (5): 1086-1092. https://doi.org/10.1093/jme/tjy073.


Progress 10/01/16 to 09/30/17

Outputs
Target Audience:We interact with county, state, and federal agencies through dissemination of research and surveillance results. We also have some interaction with related industry (mosquito control and pharmaceutical product testing). Changes/Problems: Nothing Reported What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?My lab is currently training 5 PhD students (3 in Entomology, 1 in Applied Ecology, and 1 in BioMathematics). How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?We have organized or help organize two meetings (both part of NCMVCA and MAMCA), as well as a symposium at the Annual Entomological Society of America meetings on mosquito diversity. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?We will continue our investigations into landscape patterns of mosquito distribution, as well as conduct research onAedeslandscape genomics. We will work in both North Carolina and Florida on these projects. We are also starting work on oviposition behavior of containerAedes?.

Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals? 1. We have generate several data sets examining the role of mosquito diversity and the transmission of dog heartworm, as well as describe how landscapes affect mosquito diversity. These data sets are currently being analyzed for eventual publication. 2. We continue to generate data on the container mosquitoes that transmit human viruses:Aedes albopictusandAedes aegypti?.

Publications

  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2017 Citation: Reiskind, M.H., Griffith, R.H., Janairo, M.S., Hopperstad, K.A. 2017. Mosquitoes of field and forest: the scale of habitat segregation in a diverse mosquito assemblage. Medical and Veterinary Entomology, doi: 10.1111/mve.12193
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2017 Citation: 6. Cammack, J.A., Reiskind, M.H., Guisewite, L.M., Denning, S.S., and Watson, D.W. 2017. Quantifying pteridines in the heads of blow flies (Diptera: Calliphoridae): A novel approach for forensic entomology. 2017 Forensic Science International 280: 44-48.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Accepted Year Published: 2018 Citation: Reiskind, M.H., and Janairo, M.S. 2017. Tracking larval behavior across development: effects of temperature and nutrients on individuals foraging behavior. In revision at Journal of Medical Entomology.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: Richards, S.L., Balanay, J.A.G., Byrd, B.D., Reiskind, M.H., and Styers, D.M. 2017. Regional survey of mosquito control knowledge and usage in North Carolina. In press at Journal of the American Mosquito Control Association.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Awaiting Publication Year Published: 2018 Citation: Richards, S.L., Balanay, J.A.G., White, A.V., Hope, J., Vandock, K., Byrd, B.D., and Reiskind, M.H. 2017. Insecticide susceptibility screening against Culex and Aedes (Diptera: Culicidae) mosquitoes from the United States. In press at Journal of Medical Entomology.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2017 Citation: Reiskind, M.H. and Hopperstad, K.A. 2017. Gas stations for container breeding larval mosquito surveillance. Journal of Medical Entomology. doi: https://doi.org/10.1093/jme/tjx129


Progress 06/03/16 to 09/30/16

Outputs
Target Audience: Nothing Reported Changes/Problems: Nothing Reported What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided? Nothing Reported How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest? Nothing Reported What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?We have maintained these colonies and continue to conduct experiments in the laboratory and in semi-field settings next year.

Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals? We began a collaboration with the University of Georgia and Cornell University to examine local adaptation in ?Aedes albopictus?, a vector of Zika virus. We collected mosquitoes, shared samples, and ran preliminary reciprocal transplant into a common garden type experimernts.

Publications