LEGAL AND POLICY ISSUES AFFECTING AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION, MARKETING, TRADE AND THE ENVIRONMENT

• Sponsoring Institution: National Institute of Food and Agriculture
• Project Status: COMPLETE
• Funding Source: HATCH
• Reporting Frequency: Annual
• Accession No.: 1009764
• Project Start Date: Oct 1, 2016
• Project End Date: Sep 30, 2021
• Program Code: [(N/A)]- (N/A)

Recipient Organization
UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS
2001 S. Lincoln Ave.
URBANA,IL 61801

Performing Department
Agricultural & Consumer Economics

Non Technical Summary
Local, state, federal and international laws have a significant impact on agriculture. Changes in the legal and policy environment, triggered by legislatures, administrative agencies, international trading regimes, and state and federal courts often have an immediate, direct and substantial impact on decisions made by agricultural producers, input suppliers, post-harvest distribution chains and retail consumers. As a result, researchers in agricultural law serve not only their scholarly profession, but also the entire agricultural community (including policy makers) through prompt analysis of these critical developments.In the context of the present agricultural supply chain environment, many specific areas of agricultural law, described below, require special attention.Biotechnology has transformed commodity agricultural production. As its application expands into new crops and animals traditionally consumed directly by humans (such asapples and fish), new issues in agricultural law will arise relating to intellectual property, labeling, contracting, tort liability and international trade. For example, evolving labeling and traceability requirements by trading partners, individual states and domestic retail outlets impact production decisions throughout the United States. In the absence of federal legislation, an increasing number of states and localities have enacted laws to restrict or protect agricultural biotechnology. Legal scholarship can continue to contribute to the resolution of challenging issues relating to the application of biotechnology to agriculture.The trend toward vertical integration and contract production has continued in the agricultural supply chain. In addition to animal production, there are increasing market opportunities for identify-preserved commodity grains produced under contract or marketed with contractual representations as to purity or production method (such asnon-GM, gluten free, organic, andfair trade). These agreements create several legal concerns for farm operators and others throughout the supply chain. Many states have enacted laws regulating the terms of these contracts. Numerous legal issues relating to contracting in the agricultural environment require research beyond what has been published to date.Natural resources - the land, water and air required for agricultural production - continue to raise important legal issues. Loss of farmland to nonagricultural uses continues, albeit at a slower rate than in earlier decades, and research into effective farmland protection programs and sustainability of both production processes and agricultural leases remains important. Agriculture has long enjoyed special treatment under environmental laws, but recent developments (such as intensive livestock production, subsurface drainage, and Clean Water Act Total Maximum Daily Load rules) indicate that agricultural activities will be regulated more strictly. Continued study of international and domestic environmental law principles (such aspolluter pays and precautionary principles) and their transformation in US and international laws may lead to more effective and efficient regulation that reflects good agricultural practices.

Animal Health Component

50%

Research Effort Categories

Basic

50%

Applied

50%

Developmental

(N/A)

Classification

Knowledge Area (KA)	Subject of Investigation (SOI)	Field of Science (FOS)	Percent
610	6110	3050	35%
606	6120	3050	30%
605	6110	3050	35%

Knowledge Area
605 - Natural Resource and Environmental Economics; 610 - Domestic Policy Analysis; 606 - International Trade and Development;

Subject Of Investigation
6110 - Economy of the United States and sectors thereof; 6120 - International economy and sectors thereof;

Field Of Science
3050 - Law;

Keywords

legal environment

agricultural production

agri-business

biotechnology

agricultural pollutants

conservation

environmental protection

product labeling

trade

Goals / Objectives
The objective of the proposed research is to analyze local, state, federal and selected international laws that constitute the formal legal environment for agriculture, evaluate their impact on agricultural production and agri-business, and their implications for the protection and conservation of the environment - land, water and other natural resources critical for agriculture and society. Some of the specific research projects possible under this proposal include the following:1. Scholarly analysis of new federal, state and local laws, regulations and court decisions that impact agriculture and agri-business.2. Continued evaluation and analysis of emerging legal issues arising from biotechnology, renewable fuels, and other new technologies and land use issues in agriculture.3. Evaluation and analysis of legal strategies (including mandatory and voluntary programs) for protecting ground and surface waters and air quality from contamination by agricultural pollutants.4. Continued investigation of agricultural land use, preservation and conservation issues, especially in light of relevant programs in other developed and developing nations.5. Continued evaluation of agricultural laws and policies in selected nations, especially European Union and South American nations and the interrelationship of those laws with US agricultural law.6. Examination of the changing nature of contractual arrangements between farmers and others throughout the supply chain (such as input suppliers, land owners, processors, and consumers). Items that may be considered include the Uniform Commercial Code, direct farm marketing to consumers, identity preservation production contracts, environmental liability implications and intellectual property issues.7. As needs develop, researchers will focus on other specific legal issues.

Project Methods
The research objectives will be attained by using the library, internet-based legal databases, and other resources within the University of Illinois. The following procedures will be used:1. Researchers will survey and analyze local, state, federal laws, selected international laws, international treaties, administrative regulations and court decisions to ascertain the applicable law.2. Researchers will also survey and analyze existing theoretical and practical literature.3. Researchers will also survey and analyze existing private market standards that work to inform and shift the public legal system.4. Where applicable, researcher will consult with appropriate local, state, federal and international officials, as well as persons from non-governmental and private organizations.5. Using the results of the procedures outlines above, researchers will analyze the impact of legal rules on agricultural production, including land use and the environment, and marketing.6. Researchers will evaluate the policy implications of legal rules and, where relevant, propose modification and improvement.7. Researchers will disseminate research findings to policy makers, legislators, agricultural producers and other affected by the laws and standards.

Progress 10/01/16 to 09/30/21

Outputs
Target Audience:Target audiences included practicing and academic lawyers in the U.S. and abroad, government regulatory and research agencies, farmers, processors and retail distributors of agricultural inputs and products, consumers, non-governmentalorganizations, and private firms with agricultural interests. Changes/Problems: Nothing Reported What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?This project provided multiple opportunities to inform and educate lawyers, agricultural producers, government regulators, andother professionals in the United States and abroad through written materials, postings to websites, conversations with lawyers during organized bar association meetings,and multiple conference presentations--most of which have been online due to the pandemic. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?Results have been disseminated through publications, presentations (live and on-line) and recorded webinars. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals? Nothing Reported

Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals? As part of our scholarly analysis, we published multiple journal and outreach articles analyzing local, state, federal and internationallaws that significantly impact agriculture and natural resources. This included legal analysis of new gene editing tools,biotechnology, food waste, agricultural sustainability, food labeling litigation and natural resource conservation. Additional analysis identified legal gaps in the government's response to COVID-19 and the food supply chain.

Publications

• Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: Grossman, Margaret Rosso. 2020. The SECURE Rule: New Regulations for Crop Biotechnology in the United States. 15(6) European Food and Feed Law Review 548-562 (2020) (Germany).
• Type: Book Chapters Status: Published Year Published: 2021 Citation: Grossman, Margaret Rosso. 2021. Climate Change and the Individual in the United States. Chapter 9, pp. 199-223 in Comparative Climate Change Litigation: Beyond the Usual Suspects (Francesco Sindico et al., eds.). Springer (2021).
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2021 Citation: Grossman, Margaret Rosso. 2021. Introduction to US Law. Wageningen University, Comparative Food Law, 16 February 2021.
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2021 Citation: Grossman, Margaret Rosso. 2021. Regulation and Innovation: GMOs and GEOs in the United States: Wageningen University, Comparative Food Law, 1 March 2021.
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: Grossman, Margaret Rosso. 2020. GEO Regulation in the USA. Genome Editing in Europe: New Agenda or New Disputes? Sharing Knowledge in Designing EUs Future GMO Regulation. International virtual conference on scientific advice to policy-makers and society, Brussels, Belgium, 2 October 2020.
• Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2021 Citation: Jessica L. Guarino, Bradley R. Windings and A. Bryan Endres. 2021. Beyond Victory Gardens: Bolstering Resilience in Food Crisis Response, 11 Wake Forest Journal of Law & Policy, 515-568 (2021).
• Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: A. Bryan Endres, Renata Endres and Marinela Krstini Ni~i. 2020. Restaurant Disclosure of Food Allergens: Analysis and Economic Implications, 21(12) Tourism and Hospitality Research 202-215 (2020).
• Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: Jessica Guarino and A. Bryan Endres. 2020. Disaster Planning for Food Crisis Response, Illinois Bar Association, Food Law, Vol. 1, No. 1, at 1-5 (Oct. 2020).
• Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: Jessica Guarino and A. Bryan Endres. 2020. Nothing-But-Cheese and the Uncommon Sense of the Reasonable Consumer: Bell et al. v. Publix et al., Illinois Bar Association, Food Law, Vol. 1, No. 2, at 1-3 (Dec. 2020).
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2021 Citation: A. Bryan Endres, Renata Endres and Marinela Krstini Ni~i. 2021. Restaurant Disclosure of Food Allergens in the Tourism Context: A Croatian Case Study, European Union Center Brown Bag Seminar Series,, Urbana, Illinois, May 2021.
• Type: Book Chapters Status: Awaiting Publication Year Published: 2021 Citation: Jonathan Coppess. 2021. The Development of American Agricultural Policy, A Companion to American Agricultural History, ed. R. Douglas Hurt (New York: Wiley, 2021).
• Type: Journal Articles Status: Awaiting Publication Year Published: 2021 Citation: K. Baylis, J. Coppess, B. Gramig and P Sachdeva. 2021. Agri-Environmental Programs in the United States and Canada. Review of Environmental Economics and Policy, 2021.
• Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2021 Citation: Schnitkey, G.D., N.D. Paulson, S.H. Irwin, J. Coppess, B.J. Sherrick, K.J. Swanson, C.R. Zulauf and T. Hubbs. 2021. 2021. Coronavirus Impacts on Midwestern Row-Crop Agriculture. Applied Economic Perspectives and Policy 43(1): 280-291.
• Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: Coppess, J., C. Navarro, S. Satheesan, V. Gowtham Naraharisetty, R. Bhattarai, S. Armstrong and R. Gupta. 2020. Introducing the Cover Crop Decision Support Tool. farmdoc daily (10):176, Department of Agricultural and Consumer Economics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, October 1, 2020.
• Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: Coppess, J., J. Janzen, G. Schnitkey, N. Paulson, K. Swanson and C. Zulauf. 2020. Reviewing the Recent Government Accountability Office Report on MFP 2019. farmdoc daily (10):180, Department of Agricultural and Consumer Economics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, October 8, 2020.
• Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2021 Citation: Coppess, J. 2021. Trying to Reason with Parchment Barriers on the Other Side of a Nightmare. farmdoc daily (11):11, Department of Agricultural and Consumer Economics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, January 22, 2021.
• Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2021 Citation: Coppess, J., C. Navarro, S. Satheesan, V. Gowtham Naraharisetty, R. Bhattarai, S. Armstrong and R. Gupta. 2021. Introducing an Update to the Cover Crop Decision Support Tool. farmdoc daily (11):18, Department of Agricultural and Consumer Economics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, February 4, 2021.
• Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2021 Citation: Coppess, J. 2021. The RFS Stands Before the Supreme Court. farmdoc daily (11):22, Department of Agricultural and Consumer Economics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, February 11, 2021.
• Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2021 Citation: Coppess, J. 2021. Reviewing the History and Development of USDAs Farm Loan Programs, Part 1: Origins. farmdoc daily (11):31, Department of Agricultural and Consumer Economics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, March 4, 2021.
• Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2021 Citation: Coppess, J. 2021. Reviewing the History and Development of USDA Farm Loans, Part 2: 1937 to 1946. farmdoc daily (11):36, Department of Agricultural and Consumer Economics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, March 11, 2021.

Progress 10/01/19 to 09/30/20

Outputs
Target Audience:Target audiences included practicing and academic lawyers in the U.S. and abroad, government regulatory and research agencies, farmers, processors and retail distributors of agricultural inputs and products, consumers, non-governmental organizations, and private firms with agricultural interests. Changes/Problems: Nothing Reported What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?This project provided multiple opportunities to inform and educate lawyers, agricultural producers, government regulators, and other professionals in the United States and abroad through written materials and, in response to the current pandemic, multiple webinars and on-line conference presentations. In addition to the specific presentations noted in this report, two of the project co-directors participated in the timely and widely-viewed special Farmdoc webinars analyzing the impact of COVID-19 on the agricultural community. These webinars alone attracted 7,474viewers over the twenty live-sessions. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?Results have been disseminated through publications, presentations (live and on-line) and recorded webinars. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?We will continue our efforts to analyze the broad and ever shifting array of legal and regulatory measures that impact agriculture, the food supply chain, and natural resources. The new presidential administration is likely, based on previous transitions, to generate significant legal change in these areas. We will carefully monitor the legal environment and present our research results in traditional peer-reviewed journals, scholarly conferences, outreach publications, and at continuing legal education venues, both in person and on-line.

Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals? As part of our scholarly analysis, we published multiple journal and outreach articles analyzing local, state, federal and international laws that significantly impact agriculture and natural resources.This included legal analysis of new gene editing tools, biotechnology, food waste, agricultural sustainability and natural resource conservation. Additionalanalysis identified legal gaps in the government's response to COVID-19 and the food supply chain.

Publications

• Type: Journal Articles Status: Accepted Year Published: 2020 Citation: Guarino, Jessica L, Bradley R. Windings and A. Bryan Endres. 2020. Beyond Victory Gardens: Bolstering Resilience in Food Crisis Response, Wake Forest Journal of Law & Policy (In Press 2020).
• Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: Grossman, Margaret Rosso. 2020. U.S. Agency Cooperation to Reduce Food Loss and Waste (Country Report, United States). 15(2) European Food and Feed Law Review 153-157 (Germany).
• Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: Grossman, Margaret Rosso. 2020. Recent Developments in Rural Law in the United States, 80(1) Tijdschrift voor Agrarisch Recht 5-18 (2020) (The Netherlands).
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Grossman, Margaret Rosso. 2019. U.S. Regulation of New Plant Breeding Technologies. American Agricultural Law Association, 40th Annual Educational Symposium, Washington D.C., 8 November 2019.
• Type: Book Chapters Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Grossman, Margaret Rosso. 2019. GE Technology in the United States: Regulation of Crops and Their Food Products, Chapter 7, pp. 263-312 in Regulation of Genome Editing in Plant Biotechnology: A Comparative Analysis of the Regulatory Framework for Genome-edited Plants in Selected Countries and the EU (Hans-Georg Dederer & David Hamburger, eds). Springer.
• Type: Journal Articles Status: Awaiting Publication Year Published: 2020 Citation: Endres, Renata and A. Bryan Endres, 2020. Treba li smanjiti ili pove?ati porezu u turizmu? (Decrease or increase tourism taxes?), ZBORNIK SVEU?ILI`TA LIBERTAS (PROCEEDINGS OF LIBERTAS INTL UNIV.) (Forthcoming 2020).
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: Coppess, Jonathan. 2020. A Return to the Crossroads: Farming, Nutrient Loss and Conservation. Farm Foundation. Advancing Digital Agriculture and Conservation.
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: Coppess, Jonathan. 2020. Agriculture Innovation. Soil and Water Conservation Society 75th Annual Meeting.
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: Coppess, Jonathan. 2020. Natural Climate Solutions for Economic Recovery. Bipartisan Policy Center.
• Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: Coppess, Jonathan. 2020. The Conservation Question, Part 5: Seeds of the Soil Bank. https://farmdocdaily.illinois.edu/2020/01/the-conservation-question-part-5-seeds-of-the-soil-bank.html.
• Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: Coppess, Jonathan. 2020. The Conservation Question, Part 6: Development of the Soil Bank. https://farmdocdaily.illinois.edu/2020/01/the-conservation-question-part-6-development-of-the-soil-bank.html.
• Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: Coppess, Jonathan. 2020. The Conservation Question, Part 7: Losing the Soil Bank. https://farmdocdaily.illinois.edu/2020/02/the-conservation-question-part-7-losing-the-soil-bank.html.
• Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: Coppess, Jonathan. 2020. The Conservation Question, Part 8: Interregnum and Acres. https://farmdocdaily.illinois.edu/2020/02/the-conservation-question-part-8-interregnum-and-acres.html.

Progress 10/01/18 to 09/30/19

Outputs
Target Audience:Target audiences include practicing and academic lawyers in the U.S. and abroad, government regulatory and research agencies, farmers, processors and retail distributors of agricultural inputs and products, consumers, non-governmental organizations, and private firms with agricultural interests. Changes/Problems: Nothing Reported What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?This project has provided opportunities to inform and educate lawyers, producers, government regulators, and other professionals in the United States and abroad throught both written materials and in-person presentations. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?Results disseminated through publications and presentations. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?We will continue our efforts to analyze the broad and ever shifting array of legal and regulatory measures that impact agriculture production and supply chains. We will present these results in peer reviewed journal articles, scholarly conferences, and at continuing legal education venues.

Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals? We published multiple journal articles analyzing the local, state, federal, and international laws forming the legal environment for agriculture and natural resources and the resulting impact on food, farming, and the environment. Specific impacts include analysis of the regulation of cultured meat, labeling bioengineered food, and regulation of new plant breeding technologies - all issues with substantial impact on technological innovation in agriculture. Other impacts include analsyis of private regulation in the food supply chain that complements government regulation, as well as regulation of environmental impacts of agricultural land use.

Publications

• Type: Journal Articles Status: Accepted Year Published: 2019 Citation: William, Reshmina, A. Bryan Endres and Ashlynn S. Stillwell. 2019. Integrating Green Infrastructure into Stormwater Policy: Reliability, Watershed Management, and Environmental Psychology as Holistic Tools for Success, 38 UCLA JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL LAW AND POLICY (In Press, 2019).
• Type: Journal Articles Status: Accepted Year Published: 2019 Citation: Walker, Matthew A. and A. Bryan Endres. 2019. A Nudge or a Shove: Environmental Federalism and Non-Point Source Pollution, 28 SAN JOAQUIN AGRICULTURAL LAW REVIEW (In Press, 2019).
• Type: Book Chapters Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Endres, A. Bryan. 2019. From Public to Private: Food Regulation⿿s Movement to the Private Realm. THE FUNCTIONAL FIELD OF FOOD LAW 417-428 (Wageningen Academic Publishers, 2019).
• Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Grossman, Margaret Rosso. 2019. USDA and FDA Formal Agreement on Regulation of Cultured Meat. 14(4) EUROPEAN FOOD AND FEED LAW REVIEW 385-389 (2019).
• Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Grossman, Margaret Rosso. 2019. Labeling Bioengineered Food in the United States: Final Regulations from the US Department of Agriculture. 14(2) EUROPEAN FOOD AND FEED LAW REVIEW 142-151 (2019).
• Type: Book Chapters Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Grossman, Margaret Rosso. 2019. New Plant Breeding Technologies: U.S. Department of Agriculture Policy. THE FUNCTIONAL FIELD OF FOOD LAW 347-416 (Wageningen Academic Publishers, 2019).

Progress 10/01/17 to 09/30/18

Outputs
Target Audience:Target audiences include practicing lawyers and academic lawyers in the U.S. and abroad, government regulatory agencies, farmers, processors and retail distributors of agricultural inputs and products, consumers, and private firms with agricultural interests. Changes/Problems:Additional areas of research incorporated into this research project include regulation of gene editing; comparative GM regulations including animals and clones; and the role of individual plaintiffs in climate change litigation. These are the result of the evolving nature of legal and policy research related to agricultural and environmental systems. What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?The project has provided opportunities to inform and educate lawyers, producers, government regulators, and other professionals in the United States and abroad. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?Results have been disseminated through publications and presentations, both in the U.S. and abroad. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?We will continue to analyze the broad array of legal and regulatory measures that impact agriculture production and supply chains. We will present these results in peer reviewed journal articles, scholarly conferences, and at continuing legal education venues.

Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals? We published multiple journal articles analyzing the local, state, federal and international laws forming the legal environment for agriculture and the resulting impact on agribusiness supply chains, including consumers. We also presented the research through a series of invited presentations sponsored by the Foreign Agricultural Service. We have also expanded this project to includeregulation of gene editing; comparative GM regulation including animals and clones, and the role of individual plaintiffs in climate change litigation

Publications

• Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: Grossman, Margaret Rosso. 2018. Food-Producing Animals: Recent Developments. 13(4) European Food and Feed Law Review 351-355 (Germany).
• Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: Grossman, Margaret Rosso. 2018. Climate Change and the Individual. 66 (supp) American Journal of Comparative Law 345-378.
• Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2017 Citation: Centner, Terence J. and Margaret Rosso Grossman. 2017. Recent Developments in Rural Law in the United States. 77(10) Tijdschrift voor Agrarisch Recht 505-515 (The Netherlands).
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2018 Citation: Grossman, Margaret Rosso. 2018. Plant Biotechnology in the United States: Regulation and Innovation. Vienna, Austria, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU), 6 September 2018; Berlin, Germany, US Embassy, 10 September 2018. (Presentations sponsored by Foreign Agriculture Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture).
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2018 Citation: Grossman, Margaret Rosso. 2018. Plant Biotechnology in the United States: Regulation and Innovation. CRISPRing: A New Beginning for the Genetic Improvement of Plants and Microbes, Budapest, Hungary, 3-5 September 2018.
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2018 Citation: Grossman, Margaret Rosso. 2018. Ge Technology in the United States: Regulation and Innovation. Genome Editing in Plant Biotechnology, Munich, Germany, 22-23 March 2018.
• Type: Journal Articles Status: Awaiting Publication Year Published: 2018 Citation: Cecala, Ian C. and A. Bryan Endres. 2018. Damnesia: An Examination of Public Participation and Evolving Approaches to Hydropower Development in the United States and Brazil. 55 Idaho Law Review (In Press, 2018).
• Type: Journal Articles Status: Awaiting Publication Year Published: 2018 Citation: Endres, A. Bryan, Lisa R. Schlessinger and Renata Endres. 2018. Embracing the Sharing Economy and Preparing for Risk: the CSA Experience. 23 Drake Journal of Agricultural Law (In Press 2018).
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2018 Citation: Endres, A. Bryan. 2018. Food Fraud and Certifications: Consumer Responses to Redevelop Foodsheds in Croatia. Land Concentration. Agricultural Sustainability and Food Sovereignty in the European Union: A Comparative Perspective, Urbana, IL, Apr. 2018.
• Type: Book Chapters Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: Grossman, Margaret Rosso. 2018. Agricultural Biotechnology: Regulation in the United States and the European Union. Chapter 15, pp. 331-380 In: Regulating and Managing Food Safety in the EU: A Legal-Economic Perspective (Harry Bremmers & Kai Purnhagen, eds). Switzerland: Springer.

Progress 10/01/16 to 09/30/17

Outputs
Target Audience:Target audiences includepracticing lawyers and academic lawyers in the U.S. and abroad,government regulatory agencies, farmers,processors and retail distributors of agricultural inputs and products,consumers,and private firms with agricultural interests. Changes/Problems: Nothing Reported What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided? The project has provided opportunities to inform and educate lawyers, producers, government regulators, and other progessionals in the United Statesand abroad. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?Results have been disseminated through publications and presentations, both in the U.S. and abroad. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?We will continue to analyze the broad array of legal and regulatory measures that impact agriculture production and supply chains. We will present these results in peer reviewed journal articles, scholarly conferences, and at continuing legal education venues.

Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals? We published multiple journal articles analyzing the local, state, federal, and international laws forming the legal environment for agriculture and the resulting impact on agribusiness supply chains including consumers.

Publications

• Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2017 Citation: Grossman, Margaret Rosso. 2017. Purchasing and Renting Farmland in the United States. 3(1) CEDR Journal of Rural Law 124-129 (2017) (Switzerland).
• Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2017 Citation: Grossman, Margaret Rosso. 2017. U.S. FDA Enacts Final Rule for GRAS Substances (Country Report, United States). 12(2) European Food and Feed Law Review 169-172 (2017) (Germany).
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2017 Citation: Centner, Terence J. and Grossman, Margaret Rosso. 2017. Significant Current Developments in Rural Law: United States. XXIX European Congress of Agricultural Law, Lille, France, 20-23 September 2017. 16 pp.
• Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2017 Citation: Endres, A. Bryan and Endres, Renata. 2017. The European Union, Agriculture, and the Tropics: Public Financial Incentives to Enhance Food Security and Expansion of Production Contracts, 10 Tropical Conservation Science 1-4 (2017) DOI: 10.1177/1940082917720663.
• Type: Journal Articles Status: Awaiting Publication Year Published: 2017 Citation: Endres, A. Bryan, West, Natalie M., Evans, Jeffrey A. and Schlessinger, Lisa R. 2017. Data Driven Weed Management: Tracking Herbicide Resistance at the Landscape Scale, 39 University of Arkansas Little Rock Law Review.
• Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2017 Citation: William, Reshmina and Endres, A. Bryan. 2017. Bridging the Divide: Incorporating Interflow into Legal Discourse on Surface Water-Groundwater Interactions. 44 Ecology Law Currents 101-108 (2017).
• Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2017 Citation: Grossman, Margaret Rosso. 2017. U.S. FDA Updates Rules for Nutrition Labels and Serving Sizes (Country Report, United States). 12(1) European Food and Feed Law Review 63-67 (2017) (Germany).
• Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2017 Citation: Grossman, Margaret Rosso. 2017. The United States Bioengineered Food Disclosure Standard: Labels for Genetically Engineered Food. 11(6) European Food and Feed Law Review 502-507 (2016) (Germany).