Source: OKLAHOMA STATE UNIVERSITY submitted to NRP
BUILDING PASTURE RESILIENCE TO DROUGHT AND EXTREME ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS IN OKLAHOMA
Sponsoring Institution
National Institute of Food and Agriculture
Project Status
COMPLETE
Funding Source
HATCH
Reporting Frequency
Annual
Accession No.
1009678
Grant No.
(N/A)
Cumulative Award Amt.
(N/A)
Proposal No.
(N/A)
Multistate No.
(N/A)
Project Start Date
Oct 1, 2016
Project End Date
Sep 30, 2021
Grant Year
(N/A)
Program Code
[(N/A)]- (N/A)
Recipient Organization
OKLAHOMA STATE UNIVERSITY
(N/A)
STILLWATER,OK 74078
Performing Department
Plant & Soil Sciences
Non Technical Summary
According to the NASS 2012 Census (NASS, 2015), the total Oklahoma pastureland area including rangelands and introduced pastures was 19.45 million acres in 2012 (9th in the U.S.) accounting for 56.6% of the total state land farm. Oklahoma pastureland generated a market value of $3,288,678,000 in livestock and hay product, which accounts for 46% of the total market value of agricultural products sold in 2012. However, the beef cattle herd was only 1,694,000 head in January of 2012 which was the smallest beef cattle herd of the last 51 years. Drought and high temperatures during two consecutive years (2011 and 2012) decreased ability of pastureland to provide feedstock for livestock and reduced the beef herd by 16.4% (332,000 heads). Nevertheless, one-third of herd loss (206,000 head) during 2011 and 2012 was restored in 2014 due to higher rainfall and milder temperatures during 2013 and 2014.The beef cattle herd fluctuation in the last 5 years illustrates the susceptibility of Oklahoma pastureland and associated livestock to adverse weather conditions. During dry and hot years, producers do not reduce herd size to properly match the reduction in forage availability in pasturelands resulting in pasture overstocking. Contrary to their expectations, overstocked pastures decrease animalgain and forage production. The reduced number of leaves and stems in overgrazed pasture decreases the amount of nutrients and carbohydrates translocated to roots and shoots late season, thus reducing forage production in subsequent years. This situation is aggravated by absence of fertilization in introduced pastures intended to replenish animal and hay nutrient extraction. According to NASS 2012 Census, the total fertilized area (chemical and organic) was only 22% (7.59 million acres) of the total farmland in Oklahoma. Furthermore, it is likely that this fertilized area was cultivated with high value cash crops such as wheat and cotton supporting the conclusion that pastureland was not properly fertilized.In Oklahoma, warm-season perennial grass forage availability and quality starts to decrease rapidly after the first fall freeze and, without supplementation, becomes insufficient to support animal production during winter. Consequently, most livestock producers rely on hay until pasture recovery during the spring. Purchasing hay can become cost prohibitive, therefore producers may opt for producing their own hay and/or stockpiling pastures based on the surplus of forage produced in their pastureland during summer. This forage production system is very vulnerable because it relies mainly on warm-season grasses which are the most affected by drought and hot conditions. During dry and hot years, the forage production drastically decreases during summer due to low plant water availability and high plant transpiration. Therefore, pastureland does not provide the needed feedstock for supporting livestock year round. Furthermore, pastureland may not produce enough feedstock to meet demand during the following summers if the drought and heat persist for consecutive years.Oklahoma ranks fifth in cattle production in U.S. having a total cattle and calves herd of 4.6 million as of January 1, 2015. Reducing livestock and hay production in order to match the expected scarcity of forage production in Oklahoma pastureland in the future is not an economically or socially reasonable alternative. The impact of reduced beef cattle numbers is felt beyond the cattle producer, asthe retail beef values increased 26% in the last 4 years reaching $5.971 per pound due to beef herd reduction in 2014. In addition, the total U.S. population is 321,800,000 people and is projected to increase by another 11% by 2030 (NASS, 2015). Therefore, improvements and alternative techniques in pasture management such as stocking rate, fertilization, weed control, and forage types will be necessary to increase forage productivity of Oklahoman pastureland. However, changes in pasture management should focus on decreasing the effects of drought and hot conditions which will become more constant and severe in the near future.
Animal Health Component
60%
Research Effort Categories
Basic
10%
Applied
60%
Developmental
30%
Classification

Knowledge Area (KA)Subject of Investigation (SOI)Field of Science (FOS)Percent
10216991060100%
Knowledge Area
102 - Soil, Plant, Water, Nutrient Relationships;

Subject Of Investigation
1699 - Pasture and forage crops, general/other;

Field Of Science
1060 - Biology (whole systems);
Goals / Objectives
This project proposes to apply the U.S. Climate Resilience Toolkit developed by The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA, 2015) in order to achieve two goals: 1) to increasebforage production in Oklahoman pastureland, and 2) to build pasture resilience to rainfall andbtemperature fluctuations. The U.S. Climate Resilience Toolkit (NOAA, 2015) is a framework is dividedbinto five main steps: 1) Problem identification, 2) Vulnerabilities determination, 3) Options investigation, 4) Risks and costs evaluation, and 5) Taking action.
Project Methods
A multi-site-year study will be performed with the objective of testing the most promising summer cover crops such as pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum L.), sorghum-sudan (Sorghum bicolor L.), and cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.) regrowth in different cutting heights and timing (simulated grazing). This research will be primarily focused in evaluating the amount and quality of produced forage, theamount of cover residue remaining in the soil after last defoliation, and the effects of the multipurpose crop residue in wheat growth during fall. However, other measurements will be performed, e.g., plant toxicity (nitrates and prussic acid content) and soil quality indicators (soil cone index and soil C change).• Teff (Eragrosis tef Zucc.) plots were established at Cimarron Valley Research Station, Perkins, OK. This was a pilot study for assessing the potential of Teff as a drought tolerant, high-yield forage. Brain Pugh, Northeast Area Agronomist, is the principal investigator of this project. If preliminary data shows Teff as promising forage under low water regimes, a large investigation might be warranted. In this case, basic agronomic research such as correct seed rate, planting dates, nutrient uptake and expected yields would be considered for correct management recommendations in Oklahoma.• A multi-location/year bermudagrass study will be performed with the objective of evaluating the most used bermudagrass varieties in Oklahoma (i.e., Midland, Midland 99, Goodwell, Tiftan, Hardie, and Greenfield) under different N rates. This research will be primarily investigate the forage yield and quality of the different bermudagrass varieties in order to enhance bermudagrass N fertilizationrecommendations. However, NDVI readings will be also performed allowing the development of NDVI and forage yield correlations specific to each bermudagrass variety.• A pilot study in Stillwater, OK using the most promising guar varieties will be performed to evaluate guar as a dedicated forage crop. In this pilot study, not only agronomic (e.g., forage yield and quality at different timing) but also animal performance (animal intake and animal gain) will be evaluated.

Progress 10/01/16 to 09/30/21

Outputs
Target Audience:The target audience includes farm managers, educators, agricultural consultants, students, and industry personnel. Changes/Problems:Due to Covid 19 pandemic restrictions, student hiring and traveling issues decreased the number of trials that could be initiated during this cycle; therefore, a reduced number of research and extension outputs was reported in this cycle. What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?In 2020 and 2021, online programs, presentation series, and virtual field days were developed dueto COVID-19 pandemic restrictions. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?Results were disseminated in producers' meetings, online presentations, virtual conferences, and field days. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals? Nothing Reported

Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals? Objective 1: Bermudagrass and crabgrass variety performance trials were performed in different Oklahoma locations. Those trials' data were disseminated through factsheets, virtual field days, teleconference producers' meetings, and podcasts. Also, alfalfa variety trials were established, and data are being collected. The results of these trials (a total of eleven trials in seven different Oklahoma locations) support forage managers to select the most appropriate forage varieties for their specific locations. Selecting adaptable varieties to a specific location increases establishment success odds, plant responses to fertilization, and decreases the use of herbicides and pesticides; thus, higher forage production with fewer inputs. Finally, data collection, analysis, peer-review articles, extension materials of bermudagrass response to nitrogen (fertilizer), and glyphosate (herbicide) have been performed and developed also. Objective 2: Peer-reviewed scientific articles, factsheets, teleconference producers' meetings, and podcasts were developed based on our research results on annual summer forages. Sorghum, cowpea, mungbean, tepary bean, finger millet, and moth bean forages were evaluated in rotation with winter-wheat systems in Oklahoma. Results indicated that short-cycle, drought-tolerant, legume forages, such as tepary bean, might be the best option for extending forage season production in Oklahoma without winter wheat production losses - a potential resilient system.

Publications

  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Accepted Year Published: 2021 Citation: Horn, K.M., A.C. Rocateli, J.G. Warren, K.E. Turner. 2021. Evaluating cover crops forages value in Oklahoma winter wheat systems. Agronomy Journal. 113:3361-3371. https://doi.org/10.1002/agj2.20708


Progress 10/01/19 to 09/30/20

Outputs
Target Audience:The target audience includes farm managers, educators, and industry personnel. Changes/Problems:Due to Covid 19 pandemic restrictions, student hiring and traveling issues decreased the number of trials that could be initiated during this cycle; therefore, a reduced number of research and extension outputs is expected for the next report cycle. What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?In 2019, face-to-face producermeetings and in-service eventsfor extension personnel were developed. In 2020, due toCOVID-19 pandemic restrictions, online programs, presentation series, and virtual field days were developed. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?Results were disseminated in producers' meetings, online presentations, virtual conferences, and field days. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?I plan to develop additional research and extension outputs. My focus will be on alfalfa and bermudagrass production. Information related to water use efficiency of different alfalfa, bermudagrass, and novel forageswill be developed and disseminated.

Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals? Objective 1: Bermudagrass and crabgrass variety performance trials were performed in different Oklahoma locations. Those trials' data were disseminated through factsheets, virtual field days, teleconference producers' meetings, and podcasts. Also, alfalfa variety trials were established, and data are being collected. The results of these trials (a total of eleven trials in seven different Oklahoma locations) support forage managers to select the most appropriate forage varieties for their specific locations. Selecting adaptable varieties to a specific location increases establishment success odds,plant responses to fertilization, and decreases the use of herbicides and pesticides; thus, higher forage production with fewer inputs. Finally, data collection, analysis, peer-review articles, extension materials of bermudagrass response to nitrogen (fertilizer), and glyphosate (herbicide) have been performed and developed also. Objective 2: Peer-reviewed scientific articles, factsheets, teleconference producers' meetings, and podcasts were developed based on our research results on annual summer forages. Sorghum, cowpea, mungbean, tepary bean, finger millet, and moth bean forages were evaluated in rotation with winter-wheat systems in Oklahoma. Results indicated that short-cycle, drought-tolerant, legume forages, such as tepary bean, might be the best option for extending forage season production in Oklahoma without winter wheat production losses - a potential resilient system.

Publications

  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: Wagle P., P.H. Gowda, P. Manjuntha�, B.K. Northup, and A.C. Rocateli, S. Taghvaeian. 2019. Carbon and water dynamics in co-located winter wheat and canola fields in the U.S. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology 279:107714. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2019.107714
  • Type: Theses/Dissertations Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Gurjinder Baath, Ph.D. Fall 2019. Dissertation: Evaluating capabilities of novel warm-season crops to fill forage deficit periods in the Southern Great Plains. Lucas Abreu Freire, M.S. 2018. Thesis: Assessing glyphosate injury and forage bermudagrass regrowth using Canopeo.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Baath, G.S., V.G. Kakani, P.H. Gowda, A.C. Rocateli, B.K. Northup, H. Singh, J.R. Katta. 2019. Effects of temperature on vegetative growth, development, and reproduction of guar. (ASA-CSSA-SSSA Annual Meeting, San Antonio, TX) Baath, G.S., B.K. Northup, P.H. Gowda, A.C. Rocateli. 2019. Forage capabilities of tepary bean and guar to fill summer deficit periods in the Southern Great Plains. (ASA-CSSA-SSSA Annual Meeting, San Antonio, TX) Baath, G.S., A.C. Rocateli, V.G. Kakani, P.H. Gowda., H. Singh. 2019. Physiological and growth responses of three warm-season legumes to different water regimes. (ASA-CSSA-SSSA Annual Meeting, San Antonio, TX) Abreu, L.F., A.C. Rocateli, M.R. Manuchehri, B. Arnall, J. Antonangelo. 2019. Assessing glyphosate injury and forage bermudagrass regrowth using Canopeo. (ASA-CSSA-SSSA Annual Meeting, San Antonio, TX)
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: Rocateli, A.C., J. Warren. 2020. Producing grazeable cover crops during winter-wheat summer fallow in Oklahoma  a case study. PSS-2199. Okla. Coop. Ext. Serv., Okla. St. Univ., Stillwater, OK. Rocateli, A.C., L.F. Abreu. 2020. Oklahoma crabgrass variety performance tests: 2018-2019 forage years. CR-2606. Okla. Coop. Ext. Serv., Okla. St. Univ., Stillwater, OK Lofton, J., G. Strickland, A.C. Rocateli, A. Zander, C. Harris. 2020. The potential of grazing sorghum residue following harvest. PSS-2607. Okla. Coop. Ext. Serv., Okla. St. Univ., Stillwater, OK Rocateli, A.C., L.F. Abreu. 2020. Oklahoma bermudagrass variety performance tests: 2019 forage year. CR-2605. Okla. Coop. Ext. Serv., Okla. St. Univ., Stillwater, OK
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: Abreu, L.F., A.C. Rocateli, M. Manuchehri, J. Mastrangelo, B. Arnall. 2020. Assessing forage bermudagrass cultivars tolerance to glyphosate application. Crop, Forage, and Turfgrass management 6:1-9. https://doi.org/10.1002/cft2.20072 Rocateli A.C., R.L. Raper, F.J. Arriaga, and K.S. Balkcom. 2020. Effect of tillage and irrigation on Southeastern U.S. soils under cellulosic sorghum feedstock production. Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science 66:1-15. https://doi.org/10.1080/03650340.2020.1802430 Baath, G., A.C. Rocateli, V.G. Kakani, H. Singh, B.K. Northup, P.H. Gowda, and J.K. Reddy. 2020. Growth and physiological responses of three warm-season legumes to water stress. Scientific Reports 10:12233. Horn, K.M., A.C. Rocateli, J. Warren, K.E. Turner, and G. Baath. 2020. Introducing grazeable cover crops to the winter wheat systems in Oklahoma. Agronomy Journal 112:3677-3994. https://doi.org/10.1002/agj2.20326 Batth, G., B.K. Northup, P.H. Prasanna, A.C. Rocateli. 2020. Summer forage capabilities of tepary bean and guar in the southern Great Plains. Agronomy Journal 112:2879-2890. https://doi.org/10.1002/agj2.20220 Baath, G., Kakani V., P. Gowda, A.C. Rocateli, B. Northup, H. Singh, and J. Katta. 2020. Guar responses to temperature: Estimation of cardinal temperatures and photosynthetic parameters. Industrial Crops and Products 145:111940. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2019.111940 7. Rocateli A.C., A.J. Ashworth, C.P. West, K.B. Brye, M.P. Popp, and J.R. Kiniry. 2020. Simulating switchgrass biomass productivity using ALMANAC. I. Calibration of soil water. Agronomy Journal 112:183-193. https://doi.org/10.1002/agj2.20054 Kandel, T.P., P.H. Gowda, B.K. Northup, and A.C. Rocateli. 2020. Winter wheat and nitrous oxide emissions in response to cowpea-based green manure and nitrogen fertilization. Experimental Agriculture 56:239-254. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0014479719000334


Progress 10/01/18 to 09/30/19

Outputs
Target Audience:Target Audience: Farm managers, educators, and industry personnel. Changes/Problems: Nothing Reported What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?A total of four in-services: online tools for grasslands management, grazing stick/GrazeOK app use, bermudagrass management in 2019 and various extension presentations How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?On-line videos, factsheets, TV interviews, in-services, producer meetings and conferences What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals? Continue the development of on-going research projects Submit at least two manuscripts to peer-reviewed papers Improve and re-submit non-funded proposals and to develop new grant proposals Increase participation in extension meetings Increase participation in Sun-up videos to increase technology transfer and public presence Plan and organize field days and in-services Review and update the OK Alfalfa Handbook Revise and develop more factsheets and current reports Conduct existing demos and publicize their findings Update the forage and grassland website

Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals? The evaluation of different annual summer forages such as cowpeas, mungbeans, forage soybeans, pearl millet, and sorghum led to the conclusion that dry periods during summer result in low forage production and quality. Moreover, wheat production was negatively affected by graze-covers. Therefore, we continued testing novel annual summer graze-cover species that are able to produce great amounts of biomass early in the summer such as guar, tepary beans, and finger millet. Among these novel graze-cover species, tepary beans showed improved yield and quality. The next steps are to test these novel crops in rotation with winter-winter.

Publications

  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Baath, G.S., V.G. Kakani, P.H. Gowda, A.C. Rocateli, B.K. Northup, H. Singh, J.R. Katta. 2019. Effects of temperature on vegetative growth, development, and reproduction of guar. (ASA-CSSA-SSSA Annual Meeting, San Antonio, TX)
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Baath, G.S., B.K. Northup, P.H. Gowda, A.C. Rocateli. 2019. Forage Capabilities of Tepary Bean and Guar to Fill Summer Deficit Periods in the Southern Great Plains. (ASA-CSSA-SSSA Annual Meeting, San Antonio, TX)
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Baath, G.S., A.C. Rocateli, V.G. Kakani, P.H. Gowda., H. Singh. 2019. Physiological and growth responses of three warm-season legumes to different water regimes. (ASA-CSSA-SSSA Annual Meeting, San Antonio, TX)
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Abreu, L.F., A.C. Rocateli, M.R. Manuchehri, B. Arnall, J. Antonangelo. 2019. Assessing glyphosate injury and forage bermudagrass regrowth using Canopeo. (ASA-CSSA-SSSA Annual Meeting, San Antonio, TX)
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Wagle P., P.H. Gowda, P. Manjuntha, B. K. Northup, and A.C. Rocateli, S. Taghvaeian. 2019. Carbon and water dynamics in co-located winter wheat and canola fields in the U.S. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology. 279:1-14. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2019.107714
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Kandel**, T.P., P.H. Gowda, B.K. Northup, and A.C. Rocateli. 2019. Winter wheat and nitrous oxide emissions in response to cowpea-based green manure and nitrogen fertilization. Experimental Agriculture 2019:1-6. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0014479719000334
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Kandel**, T.P., P.H. Gowda, B.K. Northup, and A.C. Rocateli. 2019. Incorporation and harvest management of hairy vetch-based green manure influence nitrous oxide emissions. Renewable Agriculture and Food Systems. 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1017/S174217051900019X
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Kandel**, T.P., P.H. Gowda, B.K. Northup, and A.C. Rocateli. 2019. Soil Respiration from winter wheat-based cropping systems in the US Southern Great Plains as influenced by tillage managements. Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section B  Soil & Plant Science. https://doi.org/10.1080/09064710.2019.1582691
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Kandel** T.P, P.H. Gowda, A. Somenahally, B.K. Northup, and A.C. Rocateli. 2019. Impacts of tillage systems, nitrogen fertilizer rates and a legume green manure on light interception and yield of winter wheat. Cogent of Food & Agriculture 5:1-13. https://doi.org/10.1080/23311932.2019.1580176
  • Type: Theses/Dissertations Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Kyle Horn M.S. Spring 2019 Thesis work: Evaluating summer cover crops grazing potential and their impacts in soil conservation and winter wheat development and production. Role: Adviser/Committee Chair Funding: Grazing CAP collaboration with Dr. Jason Warren
  • Type: Theses/Dissertations Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Baath Gurjinder Ph.D. Fall 2019 Thesis work: Greenhouse gases fluxes in grasslands and croplands: data collection (major) and modeling development (minor). Role: Adviser/Committee Chair Funding: USDA-ARS-GRL SCA
  • Type: Theses/Dissertations Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Priyanka Manjunath M.S. Spring 2019 Thesis work: Net ecosystem exchange of carbon dioxide and water vapor fluxes in winter wheat and canola under conventional tillage and no-till. Role: Major Adviser Funding: USDA-ARS-GRL SCA
  • Type: Theses/Dissertations Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Lucas Abreu Freire M.S. Fall 2019 Thesis work: Assessing gluphodate injury and forage bermudagrass regrowth using Canapeo. Role: Major Adviser Funding: Oklahoma Agricultural Station, DANSR, Oklahoma State University
  • Type: Websites Status: Other Year Published: 2019 Citation: Forage & Pasture Management website. Established: July 2015. Available at: http://www.forageandpasture.okstate.edu/


Progress 10/01/17 to 09/30/18

Outputs
Target Audience:The target audiences are farm managers, educators, and industry personnel. Changes/Problems: Teff could not be established in 2016, therefore research was not developed Guar forage harvest and conditioning was not done successfully in 2016 and 2017; therefore animal gain study was not conducted in partnership with Dr. Lalman. What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided? A total of seven in-services: online tools for grasslands management, grazing stick/GrazeOK app use, bermudagrass management. Thirty-five presentations in extension events. I participated in 28 extension meetings/activities in 2017. I delivered 21 presentations on diverse forage-related topics such as grazing cover-crops, hay sorghum management, bermudagrass management, weed pasture control, proper stocking rate calculation, GazeOK app/grazing stick promotion, etc. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?On-line videos, factsheets, TV interviews, in-services, producer meetings and conferences I independently developed three educational forage-related videos, which are available on the YouTube Channel "OSU Forage Systems." Furthermore, I participated in three Sun-up videos. I participated in the planning and organization of five extension activities in 2017. I led the organization of the 2017 Summer Forage Field Day, Chickasha, OK that attracted more than 80stakeholders. TheOK Alfalfa Handbook update will not be released in 2017. At this moment, I still assessing the sections that need an update. This update will be a group effort that I hope to achieve in 2018. Six new numbered publications What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals? Continue the development of on-going research projects Submit at least two manuscripts to peer-reviewed papers Improve and re-submit non-funded proposals and to develop new grant proposals Increase participation in extension meetings Increase participation in Sun-up videos to increase technology transfer and public presence Plan and organize field days and in-services Review and update the OK Alfalfa Handbook Revise and develop more fact sheets and current reports Conduct existing demos and publicize their findings Update the forage and grassland website

Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals? The on-going research projects developed on OSU Experimental farm and in collaboration with USDA-ARS-GRL, El Reno in 2016 were continued in 2017. Also, new research trials were added: a multi-location Johnsongrass control in pastures research (Stillwater and Chickasha, OK), and a multi-location sprigged bermudagrass research trial for extending the Greenseeker ® technology capabilities (Chickasha, Perkins, Lane, Haskell, OK). A multi-location public bermudagrass variety trial (Chickasha and Haskell, OK), a public alfalfa variety trial (Chickasha, OK) were established in 2017. Also, the bermudagrass BMP demo established in 2016 was repeated in 2017. Those three activities were purely extension driven. However, a multi-location Johnsongrass control in pastures research (Stillwater and Chickasha, OK), a sorghum hay research trial evaluating the effect of two different cutting heights (Chickasha, OK), a multi-location sprigged bermudagrass research trial for extending the Greenseeker ® technology capabilities (Chickasha, Perkins, Lane, Haskell, OK), and a multi-location grazing cover crop research trial (Perkins and Chickasha) were also conducted in 2017. Even though the primary objective of those trials is research, they also served as demonstration plots in field days and in-services. Furthermore, information from all demos and trials cited here will be used for developing extension materials in the next years. In my opinion, research and extension must be developed concomitantly for achieving success. We established a public alfalfa variety trial in Chickasha, OK. Also, we expand the number of private alfalfa variety trials to two trials in 2017. Even though private trials are not ideal because they will not result in any extension output, the partnerships developed with agricultural companies thanks to these private trials facilitated the establishment of our first Alfalfa variety trial.

Publications

  • Type: Books Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: Arnall, B. and Rocateli, A.C.. 2018. Oklahoma Forage and Pasture Fertility Guide. E-1021. Okla. Coop. Ext. Serv., Okla. Univ., Stillwater, OK.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2018 Citation: Horn, K. M., A. C. Rocateli, J. Warren, K. E. Turner. 2018. Introducing grazeable cover crop to wheat systems in Oklahoma  Year 2. (ASA-CSSA Annual Meeting, Baltimore, MD).
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2018 Citation: Baath, G. S., B. K. Northup, P. H. Gowda, A. C. Rocateli. 2018. Forage Capabilities of three warm-season annual legumes in the Southern Great Plains. (ASA-CSSA Annual Meeting, Baltimore, MD).
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2018 Citation: Baath, G. S., P. H. Gowda, V. G. Kakani, A. C. Rocateli, and H. Singh. 2018. Forage Yield of three warn-season annual legumes across an irrigation gradient. (ASA-CSSA Annual Meeting, Baltimore, MD).
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: Baath, G.S., B.K. Northup, P.H. Gowda, A.C. Rocateli, K.E. Turner. 2018. Adaptability and forage characterization of finger millets accessions in U.S. Southern Great Plains. Agronomy 8(9) 177. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy8090177
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: Baath, G. S., B. K. Northup, A. C. Rocateli, P. H. Gowda, and J. P. S Neel. 2018. Forage potential of summer annual grain legumes in the southern Great Plains. Agronomy Journal. 110:1-13. Plains. American Journal of Plant Sciences 9:1391-1402. https://doi:10.2134/agronj2017.12.0726
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: Baath G.S., Northup B.K., Gowda, H., Turner, K.E., Rocateli, A.C. 2018. Moth Bean: a potential summer crop for the Southern Great Plains. American Journal of Plant Sciences 9:1391-1402. https://doi.org/10.4236/ajps.2018.97101
  • Type: Theses/Dissertations Status: Other Year Published: 2018 Citation: Kyle Horn M.S.Expected Graduation: Spring 2019 Thesis work: Evaluating summer cover crops grazing potential and their impacts in soil conservation and winter wheat development and production. Role: Adviser/Committee Chair Funding: Grazing CAP collaboration with Dr. Jason Warren
  • Type: Theses/Dissertations Status: Other Year Published: 2018 Citation: Baath Gurjinder Ph.D. Expected Graduation: Spring 2020 Thesis work: Greenhouse gases fluxes in grasslands and croplands: data collection (major) and modeling development (minor). Role: Adviser/Committee Chair Funding: USDA-ARS-GRL SCA
  • Type: Websites Status: Other Year Published: 2018 Citation: Forage & Pasture Management website. Established: July 2015. Available at: http://www.forageandpasture.okstate.edu/


Progress 10/01/16 to 09/30/17

Outputs
Target Audience:Farm managers, educators, and industry personnel are our target audience. Changes/Problems: Teff could not be established in 2016, therefore research was not developed Guar forage harvest and conditioning was not done successfully in 2016 and 2017; therefore animal gain study was not conducted in partnership with Dr. Lalman. What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided? A total of seven in-services: online tools for grasslands management, grazing stick/GrazeOK app use, bermudagrass management. Two graduate students are developing their skills on forage research in becoming future scientists. They also attended formal excel training and DSSAT model training and workshop. All students and researches involved in this project participated in the 2017 ASA-CSSA-SSSA annual meeting where posters and oral presentations were given. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?On-line videos, factsheets, TV interviews, in-services, producer meetings and conferences have been what we used for disseminated to the commmunities. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals? Continue the development of on-going research projects Submit at least two manuscripts to peer-reviewed papers Increase participation in Sun-up videos to increase technology transfer and public presence Plan and organize field days and in-services Review and update the OK Alfalfa Handbook Revise and develop more factsheets and current reports Conduct existing demos and publicize their findings Update the forage and grassland website

Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals? The on-going research projects developed on OSU Experimental farm and in collaboration with USDA-ARS-GRL, El Reno in 2016 were continued in 2017. Also, new research trials were added: a multi-location Johnsongrass control in pastures research (Stillwater and Chickasha, OK), and a multi-location sprigged bermudagrass research trial for extending the Greenseeker ® technology capabilities (Chickasha, Perkins, Lane, Haskell, OK). GazeOK app was developed for helping producers to estimate forage availability in their pastures. I independently developed three educational forage-related videos, which are available on the YouTube Channel "OSU Forage Systems." A multi-location Johnsongrass control in pastures research (Stillwater and Chickasha, OK), a sorghum hay research trial evaluating the effect of two different cutting heights (Chickasha, OK), a multi-location sprigged bermudagrass research trial for extending the Greenseeker ® technology capabilities (Chickasha, Perkins, Lane, Haskell, OK), and a multi-location grazing cover crop research trial (Perkins and Chickasha) were also conducted in 2017. Even though the primary objective of those trials is research, We established a public alfalfa variety trial in Chickasha, OK in order to identify the highest yielding varieties in Oklahoma conditions.

Publications

  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Submitted Year Published: 2017 Citation: Baath G.S., B. K. Northup, P.H. Gowda, and A.C Rocateli. 2017. Potential warm season forages for beef production in the southern great plains. (ASA-CSSA-SSSA Annual Meeting, Tampa, FL).
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Submitted Year Published: 2017 Citation: Horn, K.M., A.C. Rocateli, J. Warren, K.E. Turner. 2017. Introducing grazeable cover crop to wheat systems in Okahoma. (ASA-CSSA-SSSA Annual Meeting, Tampa, FL).
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Submitted Year Published: 2017 Citation: Rocateli, A. C., B. Arnall, B. Pugh, C. Rice, B. Freking, B. Bain, D. Cantrell, S. Fimple, A. Keese, C. McCorkle, J. McDaniel, L. A. Parnell, W. Powell, J. W. Lee. 2017. Extending Greenseeker " Technology to Bermudagrass Pasture Land. (ASA-CSSA-SSSA Annual Meeting, Tampa, FL).
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Submitted Year Published: 2017 Citation: Rocateli, A.C., C.P. West, J. Warren, B. Northup, C. J. Stone. 2017. Introducing grazeable summer cover crops to wheat systems in the southern great plains. (ASA-CSSA-SSSA Annual Meeting, Tampa, FL).
  • Type: Theses/Dissertations Status: Submitted Year Published: 2017 Citation: Kyle Horn, M.S. Thesis work: Evaluating summer cover crops grazing potential and their impacts in soil conservation and winter wheat development and production. Role: Adviser/Committee Chair
  • Type: Theses/Dissertations Status: Submitted Year Published: 2017 Citation: Baath Gurjinder Ph.D. Thesis work: Greenhouse gases fluxes in grasslands and croplands: data collection (major) and modeling development (minor).
  • Type: Websites Status: Published Year Published: 2017 Citation: Forage & Pasture Management website. Established: July 2015. Available at: http://www.forageandpasture.okstate.edu/