Source: UNIVERSITY OF TENNESSEE submitted to NRP
IPM AND SUSTAINABLE PRACTICES FOR NURSERIES, MANAGED LANDSCAPES AND URBAN FORESTS
Sponsoring Institution
National Institute of Food and Agriculture
Project Status
COMPLETE
Funding Source
HATCH
Reporting Frequency
Annual
Accession No.
1009630
Grant No.
(N/A)
Cumulative Award Amt.
(N/A)
Proposal No.
(N/A)
Multistate No.
(N/A)
Project Start Date
Jun 26, 2016
Project End Date
Jun 2, 2021
Grant Year
(N/A)
Program Code
[(N/A)]- (N/A)
Recipient Organization
UNIVERSITY OF TENNESSEE
2621 MORGAN CIR
KNOXVILLE,TN 37996-4540
Performing Department
Plant Sciences
Non Technical Summary
The 2014 USDA Census of Horticulture estimates that the current value of U.S. nursery stock exceeds $4.26 billion in farm gate value, with Tennessee's producers contributing approximately $128 million, annually. Although substantial, these estimated values are less than were reported 10 years previously; for example about $26 million less in Tennessee's farm gate receipts, despite survey earnings input in 2012 provided by four additional producers. Indeed, the Great Recession has been credited with forcing several growers out of business, and has prompted remaining growers and landscape managers to be proactive in seeking solutions and strategies that enhance workplace efficiency and limit costs associated with production and pest management. As founding and active members of the Southern Nursery IPM (SNIPM) Working Group, we remain actively engaged in regional research and outreach projects that are addressing key grower-identified needs and opportunities. Laboratory and field research using trees in managed and urban landscape habitats, and field and container-grown ornamental plants, will be undertaken to provide greater understanding interactions between host plant/pest (e.g., arthropods, plant pathogens, weeds), as well as novel approaches to managing problems in SEUS landscapes and ornamental production systems via adoption of integrated pest management and sustainable practices.
Animal Health Component
85%
Research Effort Categories
Basic
10%
Applied
85%
Developmental
5%
Classification

Knowledge Area (KA)Subject of Investigation (SOI)Field of Science (FOS)Percent
2112199106020%
6072199308010%
2132199106020%
2162199106010%
6042199303010%
2163199113010%
2132199114010%
2162199114010%
Knowledge Area
211 - Insects, Mites, and Other Arthropods Affecting Plants; 216 - Integrated Pest Management Systems; 607 - Consumer Economics; 604 - Marketing and Distribution Practices; 213 - Weeds Affecting Plants;

Subject Of Investigation
3199 - Invertebrates, general/other; 2199 - Ornamentals and turf, general/other;

Field Of Science
1060 - Biology (whole systems); 1130 - Entomology and acarology; 1140 - Weed science; 3080 - Sociology; 3030 - Information and communication;
Goals / Objectives
This project's overarching goal is to increase awareness in IPM and sustainable practices among landscape management professionals, urban and community arborists, and nursery crops producers. Goals are addressed by conducting applied research projects that address concerns relevant to the Green Industry in TN and southeastern US, conveying research findings and follow-on questions through Extension and outreach presentations to industry groups, as well as disseminating research results through peer reviewed publications, trade industry magazines, and Southern Nursery IPM (SNIPM) working-group initiated books and online outlets (e.g., blog communications, wikipages and webpages).Current objectives that will advance our goal, include:(1) Conducting field and greenhouse research related to efficient and sustainable ornamental crop production, post-harvest management and conservation of perennial plants, shrubs and landscape trees, and then creating and distributing results-related IPM and sustainability resources that are in demand and valued by green industry professionals;(2) Undertaking research focused on maintaining healthy plants in urban and community forest environments, while promoting sustainability and best practices in these managed systems; and,(3) Investigating irrigation and spray systems technologies to efficiently apply water and pesticides to nursery crops.
Project Methods
Methods for Primary Thrusts In-progress initiatives will inform stakeholders about IPM for landscape and nursery production systems for our region:collaborative (UT, TSU, NCSU) assessment of 15 years woodboring beetle trapping in TN, plus regional museum collection records, to describe seasonal flight activities and species distributions of woodboring (see Klingeman et al. 2015) and longhorned beetles (in progress).chapter authorship (Fulcher and Klingeman) of two review papers detailing current knowledge about research-based IPM for Hydrangea and Rhododendron and Azaleas in "IPM for Shrubs in Southeastern US Nursery Production (Vol. II)". Peer-reviewed and academic literature will be compiled for horticultural, abiotic stress, arthropod pest, and plant disease categories that illustrate and present IPM and production guidelines for stakeholders working with these economically important ornamental plant genera.preliminary assessment to integrate current knowledge of managed urban and park tree condition, particularly as effected by arthropod pests and diseases, and to relate condition by tree species to those species in Tennessee's Forest Inventory Analysis (FIA) database. Project outcomes will inform TN nursery growers about expected future demand for trees and nursery stock as desired by city arborists, urban foresters, and regional landscapers striving to optimize landscape sustainability and enhance ecosystem services.Walnut twig beetle (Pityophthorus juglandis) trapping, improved detection and lure enhancements are expected to increase efficiency of monitoring to detect this non-native to the eastern US pest and vector of Geosmithia morbida via:evaluation of (UT EPP & PS, TSU, Purdue, USDA, USFS) seasonal P. juglandis (and other vector) activity for orientation to trap types/heights, artificial wounds in trees, and to walnut tree and fungal-derived alcohol volatiles plus P. juglandis aggregation lures. Replication via TN trap sites (up to 5) for ~3 seasons during spring (Apr-Jun) and fall (Aug-Oct).creation of (UT EPP & PS) a rapid molecular detection protocol with microsatellite loci used to confirm G. morbida (Hadziabdic et al. 2012) and P. juglandis (Hadziabdic et al. 2015) in walnut limbs [~40 limb sections from different trees from regions with & without TCD].Irrigation and pesticide technology projects are expected to increase irrigation and pesticide application efficiency, reduce water and pesticide use, and improve worker safety and environmental quality via:development and evaluation of substrate moisture probe and leachate-based irrigation scheduling programs, including on-demand and daily water use for container nursery crops (Cornus, Prunus, Hydrangea and Juniper). Work is being undertaken with three nursery collaborators across 3 seasons (Apr to Oct).evaluation of a prototype intelligent sprayer (Apr-Oct) for sprayer performance, longevity and efficacy at controlling dogwood powdery mildew and several maple arthropod pests. Retrofit sprayers will be tested 2017-2020 (Apr-Oct).Evaluation of OutputsThe SNIPM Working Group, including Fulcher (as group founder) and Klingeman, has assessed industry producers and determined areas of critical need relative to the current status of plant pathology, entomology, and horticulture, including pests of emerging concern, that are expected to impact the Green Industry. Our Crop Profile for nursery crops in the mid-southern U.S. was completed in 2010 and updated in 2015. A companion resource, the "Pest Management Strategic Plan for Container and Field-Produced Nursery Crops" report is used to support our grant-funding initiatives. These outputs are hosted online at the Regional IPM Center webpage (see: http://www.ipmcenters.org/pmsp/pmsp_form.cfm?cipmregion=southern). To date, our resources at these sites have received about 75 unique visits and are frequently used to support stakeholder need and relevance statements within external funding and competitive grant proposals.Between 2012 and present [March 2016], our team's "IPM for Select Deciduous Trees in Southeastern US Nursery Production" (Adkins et al. 2012, with Fulcher as co-editor) has been downloaded 1,846 times. Users in the US represent 1,361 downloads, while downloads are reported from 47 other countries (greatest interest in Canada, China, India, Iran, Italy, Russia, and Turkey). Our team's "IPM for Shrubs in Southeastern US Nursery Production (Vol. I)" (Braman et al. 2014, with Klingeman as co-editor) has been available from mid-2014-present and has been downloaded 231 times, with 213 U.S. instances. Six other countries have valued this resource with greatest interest currently from Poland and Serbia. Prior to its inclusion in the IPM Shrub book, our review paper on Blueberry IPM was accepted following peer-review at the Journal of Environmental Horticulture where, to date, the article (Fulcher et al. 2015) has been viewed 258 times.

Progress 06/26/16 to 06/02/21

Outputs
Target Audience:Southern U.S. ornamental entomologists and horticultural researchers, landscape and forestry management professionals, nursery growers, consultants, urban foresters, regional extension specialists and extension agents, and residential homeowners. Outreach and Extension programming to members of the public, as well as professional stakeholders; undergraduate and graduate college students in formal classroom and laboratory instruction settings. Changes/Problems: Nothing Reported What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?Collaborative projects with peer researchers have enabled undergraduate student, multiple graduate Research Assistant research (MS & PhD students), and post-masters' scientist training. STEM discipline-trained students, lab trainees, and support staff facilitate data collection, field trap deployments, greenhouse and bowhouse assays, and lab trials with results conveyed to peer academics and training to green industry professionals and county extension agents throughout TN and across the southern U.S. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?The results of research and outreach programs were disseminated to landscape management professionals, county extension agents, growers and consumer gardener enthusiasts via the Entomological Society of America, American Phytopathological Society, and American Society of Horticultural Science annual meetings, at University and Green Industry Professional Field Days; at regional and county meetings, conferences, field days, and trade journal magazines, and through traditional, college-level classroom instruction, and to other researchers, scientists, and consultants through professional society meetings. Participants in this project contributed chapters to a book related to this Hatch project that is titled: IPM for Shrubs in Southeastern US Nursery Production (Vol. II), pp. 9-52. Chappell, M. & G. Knox, Eds. Clemson, SC. Southern Region IPM Center.Print ISBN: 978-0-9854998-4-6. Relevant peer refereed research articles have been published in Ecology and Evolution, Environmental Entomology, Florida Entomologist, Frontiers in Genetics, Fungal Biology, HortScience, HortTechnology, Journal of Environmental Horticulture, Journal of Forestry, Journal of Insect Science, Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society, Phytobiomes, Plant Disease, Plant Health Progress, PloSOne, Scientific Reports-Nature, and Water. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals? Nothing Reported

Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals? Arthropod Monitoring and Management & Insect-Plant-Fungal Associations: The occurrence and distribution of 230 longhorned beetle species (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) were documented in TN and recommendations are given about successful trapping methods for these economically and ecologically important arthropods. Trap capture methods were used to monitor native and non-native scolytine woodboring beetle species active in walnut trees. Beetles carried G. morbida and other Geosmithia fungi (including G. obscura & G. sp. 41) from walnut (Juglans nigra) and other trees. In the greenhouse, G. obscura isolates produced lesions in J. nigra phloem, but results were inconsistent. Submission records of more than 10,600 scale and mealybugs associated with ornamental and turfgrass host plants were examined within the National Data Repository and yielded a list of 192 scale and mealybug species across15-years. A key group of 60 top-ranked scale insect and mealy species across U.S. National Plant Diagnostic Network regions are will have web-based descriptive resources developed for use in training current and next-generation diagnosticians. Ornamental and SEUS Native Plant Species Biology and Conservation: Pollinators, Plant Pathology, Disease Detection, and Associated Microbiota Observation of floral visitors to the federally endangered aster Pityopsis ruthii documented 47 inset species in 15 Families and 3 Orders. Most common were Halictidae bees, which may be important pollinators for this geographically restricted plant species, as well as the honey bee (Apis mellifera), Bombus impatiens bumble bees, and Toxomerus geminatus hover flies. Concurrent hybridization efforts by collaborators support evidence of inbreeding depression that may be restricting viability and germination success of P. ruthii seeds. We reported the status of Thousand Cankers Disease (TCD) in walnut orchards and urban and native forests and documented the extent of tree decline and loss in urban and peri-urban locations in the western US, plus tree losses at the US Juglans germplasm repository in northern CA. In the eastern US, initial J. nigra decline was followed by tree removal. In Knox and Blount Co. TN, our survey documented subsequent walnut tree recovery. Collaborative research with Purdue University, USDA-ARS, and US-FS, has led to a molecular methodology developed for detecting G. morbida and walnut twig beetle (Pityophthorus juglandis) DNA in infected tree tissues. Target species DNA can be reliably detected, when present, down to 4 ng/μl sample concentrations; an amount roughly equal to the DNA contained within 8 and 11 fungal or beetle cells. Test results are visualized by attaching fluorescing probes to species-specific DNA primers and exciting the sample with restricted wavelength UV light; a positive result glows green, negative results glows red. Costs per sample are reduced and the protocol bypasses need for expensive equipment. This method also can detect granulate ambrosia beetle (Xylosandrus crassiusculus) DNA and DNA from other plant pathogenic fungal species, including Phytophthora capsici. Ongoing development and optimization is in progress for detecting economically important Laurel Wilt (Raffaelea lauricola) in Red Bay, Sassafras, Spicebush, and Avocado plant hosts, and Oak Wilt (Bretziella fagacearum) fungal DNA. Examination of fungi associated with walnut tree lesions and insect galleries has revealed Trichoderma species and isolates that may antagonize G. morbida ability to colonize and maintain infection within a compromised J. nigra host. The influence of TCD on microbiomes of clonal walnut trees is under active examination as a means to assess tree health at locations in the US that are under different levels of disease pressure. A related study documented the microbiomes associated with flowering dogwood (Cornus florida) before and after a prescribed fire event in a managed forest woodlot; relative abundance of ectomycorrhizal species associated with dogwood roots decreased and relative abundance of saprotrophic fungi increased in the root niche following the fire. Two different new plant pathogens were found in Tennessee that cause powdery mildew on rescuegrass (Bromus catharticus) and native mountain mints (Pycnanthemum sp.); which have implications for forage health should the fungus become pathogenic to other Bromus species and on natural enemy wasps and pollinators visiting mint. Honeysuckle leaf blight was confirmed in Tennessee, which infects many Lonicera species, including invasive L. maackii. Population structure studies using Eastern Redbud (Cercis canadensis) that have been undertaken by our graduate students have revealed genetic diversity at both fine scale and broad region levels. Results will help guide provenance scouting for diversity needed in future tree breeding. Water Use and Irrigation Efficiencies Instrumentation was developed and deployed to measure water use, container moisture level, and leachate at three Tennessee nurseries as part of a multi-crop water use study. Data from measurements were used to direct irrigation timing, while also providing insights about current nursery practices, and identifying a baseline for on-demand irrigation scheduling expected to minimize water use. Across two years of experiments at a collaborating nursery, the on-demand irrigation schedule eliminated cherry tree (Prunus spp.) mortality resulting from phytophthora root rot. The leachate-based systems were trialed for a 3rd year on 'Blue Rug' Juniper (J. horizontalis) and oakleaf hydrangea (Hydrangea quercifolia). The system reduced water use by approximately 65% for juniper and 40-50% for hydrangea, depending on season. Pesticide Use Efficiency and Spray Optimization Within a long-standing multi-crop, multi-state collaboration, Dr. Fulcher evaluated a prototype intelligent sprayer and worked to develop a laser-guided sprayer that can be retrofitted onto grower equipment. Trials confirm significant pesticide spray volume reductions that yield nursery and orchard crop growth and health comparable to management achieved using conventional spray programs. Prototype sprayer trials on flowering dogwood trees (Cornus florida) provided powdery mildew control equivalent to conventional sprayer systems, while deploying 56.1% less spray volume with no reduction in plant growth. Maples rated biweekly for tar spot and anthracnose and the prototype sprayer reduced spray volumes by 30% between May & Sept. Oak trees were scouted and rated biweekly for oak leaf blister and oak leaf spot, with oak fungal disease ratings between sprayer types staying within 1.5% for the two treatments. A a reduced rate of 40 gallons per acre (GPA) was applied, compared to the industry standard of 100 GPA. The retrofit sprayer reduced spray volume 29% on the oaks and approx. 50% nursery-wide. Intelligent and conventional constant rate plots trials in 2019 documented 43% reductions in retrofitted sprayer volume and achieved comparable disease and insect control. Other pesticide spray volumes were reduced 74-59% compared to a constant rate application. Plus the constant rate comparison basis delivered 36% less volume than the grower's normal spray rate. In 2020, pesticide output was recorded and compared between variable-rate and conventional constant-rate nursery plots during two crop phenophases. With the retrofitted sprayer, volume was reduced by 40-46% (below industry standard rates) and aerial drift was reduced by 74%. Trials at a cooperating apple orchard demonstrated that use of variable-rate treatments could achieve pesticide spray volume reductions of up to 83%, when compared to the orchardist's 107 GPA normal tree-row volume-based spray rate and 88% when compared to the 150 GPA industry standard spray rate.

Publications

  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2021 Citation: Stackhouse, T., S. Boggess, D. Hadziabdic, R.N. Trigiano, M. Ginzel, and W.E. Klingeman. 2021. Conventional gel electrophoresis and TaqMan probes enable rapid confirmation for thousand cankers disease from diagnostic samples. Plant Disease 105(10).
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2021 Citation: Moore, P.A., P.A. Wadl, R.N. Trigiano, J.A. Skinner, and W.E. Klingeman. 2021. Pollinators and other floral visitors to Pityopsis ruthii (Asteraceae: Asterales), an endangered aster native to the Southern Appalachians. J. Kansas Entomol. Soc. 93(4): 327-347.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2021 Citation: Ony, M., W. E. Klingeman, J. Zobel, R. N. Trigiano, M. D. Ginzel, M. Nowicki, S. Boggess, S. Everheart, and D. Hadziabdic. 2021. Genetic diversity in North American Cercis canadensis reveals an ancient population bottleneck that originated after the last glacial maximum. Scientific Reports-Nature 11:21803.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2021 Citation: Nackley, L., B. Warneke, L. FesslerM, J. Pscheidt, D. Lockwood, W. Wright, X. Sun, and A. Fulcher. 2021. Variable-rate spray technology optimizes pesticide application by adjusting for seasonal shifts in deciduous perennial crops. HortTechnology, 31(4): 479-489.
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2021 Citation: Klingeman, W. E., K. Addesso, J. Oliver, F. Baysal-Gurel, A. Fulcher, K. L. Jensen, J. K. Moulton, B. A. Olukolu, A. L. Rihn, and A. Witcher. 2021. Flatheaded borer management in specialty tree crops. Tennessee GreenTimes, 22(1):10-16.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2021 Citation: Onufrak A., Pietsch G., Cregger M., DeBruyn J., Ginzel, M., Klingeman W., Hadziabdic D. 2021. Examining shifts in root microbiome of Juglans nigra in response to infection by Geosmithia morbida, the fungal pathogen in Thousand Cankers Disease. American Phytopathological Society Virtual Conference Aug. 2021.


Progress 10/01/19 to 09/30/20

Outputs
Target Audience:Southern U.S. ornamental entomologists and horticultural researchers, landscape and forestry management professionals, nursery growers, consultants, urban foresters, regional extension specialists and extension agents, and residential homeowners.Outreach and Extension programming to members of the public, as well as professional stakeholders; undergraduate and graduate college students in formal classroom and laboratory instruction settings. Changes/Problems:Due to inter- and intrastate travel restrictions associated with COVID-19 pandemic, we were unable to implement several seasonality-based field studies (e.g., insect trapping and monitoring of woodboring insects in urban forest, forest land, and landscape systems; out-of-state field deployment of biorational and chemical fungicidal products; field collection of plant pathogenic fungi; etc.). Collaborative studies were switched to less travel-dependent greenhouse and lab based experiments. MS and PhD research objectives were changed to enable students to maintain appropriate progression toward degree completion. Studies which were postponed may be resumed if sufficient time and funding resources will allow. What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?Collaborative projects with peer researchers have enabled undergraduate student, multiple graduate Research Assistant research (MS & PhD students), and post-masters' scientist training. A recently completed MS alumnus is beginning doctoral studies with theBretziella fagacearumpathogen of oak trees. STEM discipline-trained students, lab trainees, and support staff facilitate data collection, field trap deployments, greenhouse and bowhouse assays, and lab trials with results conveyed to peer academics and training to green industry professionals and county extension agents throughout TN and across the southern U.S. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?The results of research and outreach programs were disseminated to landscape management professionals, county extension agents, growers and consumer gardener enthusiasts via the Entomological Society of America, American Phytopathological Society, and American Society of Horticultural Science annual meetings, at University and Green Industry Professional Field Days; at regional and county meetings, conferences, field days, and trade journal magazines, and through traditional, college-level classroom instruction, and to other researchers, scientists, and consultants through professional society meetings.Relevant refereed articles have been published inEcology and Evolution,Frontiers in Genetics, HortScience,Phytobiomes,Plant Health Progress,andWater. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?This Hatch Project includes multiple ongoing research goals and outreach objectives. A multi-research partner initiative has been undertaken to clarify species identities withinChrysobothriswoodboring beetles, including theC.femorataspecies group, using Next-Gen genome sequencing. Efforts to optimize trapping and to more efficiently manage this species assemblage is also planned. Other multi-research partner initiatives will evaluate molecular detection ofBretziella fagacearumandRaffaelea lauricolafrom infected host plant tissues, and will examine disease progression and susceptibility within oak tree species. Collaborative work will continue to evaluateTrichodermaspecies interactions withG. morbidain benchtop and greenhouse trials. Peer-reviewed journal reporting on a field microbiome assessment of flowering dogwood (C. florida) that wereexposed or not exposed to prescribed fire will be completed. Callery pear plant tissues have been collected from naturalized stands of trees in 23 states. A regional (GA, SC, TN) population assessment is underway. A broad scale genetic diversity across the broad scale range in which naturalized trees were sampled has just been started. The second generation of Intelligent Sprayer pesticide application technology (Smart Guided Systems) will continue to be investigated with 1 nursery and apple producer collaborator with an emphasis on minimizing off-target applications and impact to non-target organisms, and applying this technology to the management ofChrysobothrisborers and other nursery and orchard pests. We will continue preliminary research in support of additional funding proposals needed to advance nursery and landscape IPM-related research and outreach efforts.Data generated during 2021 on these projects will be analyzed and with cooperators' help, prepared for dissemination via abstracts and presentations at professional and industry meetings.

Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals? To address the diverse assemblage of scale insect and mealybugs that are associated with ornamental plants in landscape and production systems, including shared host plant species, more than 10,600 scale and mealybug submission records, spanning approximately 15 years, were reviewed within the National Data Repository. Information was returned for about 192 scale and mealybug species, and yielded a group of 60 top-ranked species across the National Plant Diagnostic Network regions. Descriptive resources that will be developed for the most commonly encountered scale insect and mealybug species will be used to train diagnosticians and prepare them for addressing the morphological challenges that this group of insects will present for accurate identification that may be necessary for effective management recommendations. Population structure studies using Eastern Redbud (Cercis canadensis) that have been undertaken by our graduate students have revealed genetic diversity at both fine scale and broad region levels. Results will help guide provenance scouting for diversity needed in future tree breeding. New skills and training developed during this effort has been leveraged into related research that is revealing the historical Asiatic source origins of callery pear (Pyrus calleryana) trees that were introduced into the U.S. By documenting the source origins of this ornamental shade and flowering tree and by measuring the extent of genetic relatedness among naturalizing populations of this non-native tree, we expect to better understand why wild-type trees are now becoming naturalized across large parts of the eastern U.S. This is an economically important problem because the species is rapidly becoming a management and ecological challenge that has impacted plant diversity in rights-of-way, urban forests, and forested habitats. Spread and stand densification also has begun to impact public access and multi-use capabilities within game and forest land resources. Such knowledge will be necessary for informing future management actions. Building upon collaborative research with Purdue University, USDA-ARS, and US-FS researchers, our team has optimized a molecular detection technique that can be used to quickly and inexpensively diagnose presence ofGeosmithia morbidaDNA in infected plant tissues. A positive detection test result will fluoresce under UV light. The procedure yields species-specific results when low concentrations of target DNA are present.The method also can detect walnut twig beetle (Pityophthorus juglandis) when present in infected tree tissues and granulate ambrosia beetle (Xylosandrus crassiusculus) DNA. The technique has been adapted for use with other plant pathogenic fungal species, includingG. obscura,G.sp. 41 (the causal agent of foamy bark disease in oak), andPhytophthora capsici. It is now being modified to work in detecting the fungal pathogens that cause laurel wilt (Raffaelea lauricola) and oak wilt (Bretziella fagacearum) diseases. Laser-guided, variable-rate spray technology retrofitted to existing air-blast sprayers were tested at one nursery and one orchard in Tennessee.At the collaborating nursery, pesticide application characteristics, (coverage, deposit density, and deposition) were evaluated and pesticide output was recorded from the variable-rate and conventional constant-rate plots during two phenophases.Using the retrofitted sprayer reduced spray volume by 40-46% and reduced aerial drift 74%.The spray operator applies a reduced rate, approximately 51 GPA compared to the industry standard of 100 GPA, yet the retrofit sprayer still reduced spray volume nearly in half. At the cooperating orchard, retrofitted technology was installed and tested on a field of 6-year-old, spindle-trained Fuji apple trees.The spray treatments included 2 variable-rates treatments, 0.01 and 0.03 fl. oz./ft^3 crop volume, and two constant-rate treatments: one based on tree row volume calculations, 107 GPA (the orchardist's normal rate) and one based on the standard apple orchard spray rate of 150 GPA. At the lower variable-rate, pesticide volume was reduced 83% compared to the orchardist's normal tree-row volume-based spray rate and 88% compared to the industry standard.Analysis of spray characteristics are on-going.

Publications

  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: Klingeman, W. E., Juang-Horng Chong, C. Harmon, L. Ames, A.V. LeBude and P. Chandran. 2020. Diagnostic service records help prioritize resource development needs for scale insect management (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha: Coccoidea) on ornamental plants. Plant Health Progress 21: 278-287. https://doi.org/10.1094/PHP-05-20-0045-S
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: Onufrak, A. J., G. M. Williams, W. E. Klingeman, M. A. Cregger, D. M. Klingeman, J. M. Debruyn, M. D. Ginzel, and D. Hadziabdic. 2020. Geographical structure in the Juglans nigra phytobiome reflects differences in Thousand Cankers Disease severity. Phytobiomes 4(4): 388-404. https://doi.org/10.1094/PBIOMES-05-20-0044-R
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: Ony, M. A., M. Nowicki, S. L. Boggess, W. E. Klingeman, J. M. Zobel, R. N. Trigiano, and D. Hadziabdic. 2020. Fine-scale population structure of Cercis canadensis L. (Eastern redbud): the effect of habitat fragmentation on genetic diversity and differentiation. Ecology and Evolution. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ece3.6141
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: McDermott-Kubeczko, M.E., J. Juzwik, S.E. Reed, and W.E. Klingeman. 2020. Branch colonizing fungi associated with damage on branches of eastern black walnut in Indiana, Missouri, and Tennessee. Plant Health Progress 21: 35-141. https://doi.org/10.1094/PHP-12-19-0088-RS
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: Strange, N. C., J. K. Moulton, E. C. Bernard, W. E. Klingeman, B. J. Sampson, and R. N. Trigiano. 2020. Floral visitors of Helianthus verticillatus, a rare sunflower species in the southeastern United States. HortScience. https://doi.org/10.21273/HORTSCI15394-20
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: Gazis, R., P. Parra, K. Chahal, W. Klingeman, and D. Hadziabdic. 2020 Using molecular techniques to monitor plant pathogenic fungi movement by bark and ambrosia beetles. Entomological Society of America Virtual Annual Meeting. Nov 11-25, 2020
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: Edwards, T., R. Trigiano, B. Ownley, A. Windham, C. Wyman, P. Wadl, and D. Hadziabdic. 2020. Genetic diversity and conservation status of Helianthus verticillatus, an endangered sunflower of the Southern United States. Frontiers in Genetics 11: 440. https://doi.org/10.3389/fgene.2020.00410
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: Kapoor, B., D. Hadziabdic, J. DeBruyn, M. Cregger, W.E. Klingeman, R. Trigiano, A. Onufrak, and E. Wilcox. 2020. Flowering dogwoods under fire: responses of the microbiome under prescribed burn management. 97th Annual APS Southern Division Meeting, 9-12 February 2020, Charleston, SC. Abstr. #15544.
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: Onufrak, A., G. Williams, J. DeBruyn, M. Cregger, W.E. Klingeman, M. Ginzel, and D. Hadziabdic. 2020. Bacterial communities associated with Juglans nigra significantly differ between the tree's native and introduced ranges. 97th Annual APS Southern Division Meeting, 9-12 February 2020, Charleston, SC. Abstr. #15545.
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: Fulcher, A., L. Fessler, W. Wright, H. Zhu, G. Pietsch, W. Yeary, T. Bordeau, and L. Nadaud. 2020. Improving nursery crop pest management with precision pesticide application technology. HortScience 55(9): S400-S401.
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: Fessler, L., A. Fulcher, D. Lockwood, W. Wright, G. Pietsch, H. Zhu, S. McClanahan, and M. Burnett. 2020. Controlling bitter and white rot in Golden Delicious apple trees with laser-guided variable-rate spray technology. HortScience 55(9): S252-S253.
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: Fulcher, A., D. Lockwood, L. Fessler, W. Wright, H. Zhu, T. Bordeau, L. Nadaud, G. Pietsch, W. Yeary, and L. Nackley. 2020. Reduce pesticide volume and off-target loss across a range of apple phenological stages with variable-rate spray technology. HortScience 55(9): S373.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: Sapkota, S., S. L. Boggess, D. R. Coyle, W. E. Klingeman, D. Hadziabdic Guerry, B. Olukolu, R. Kuster, R.N. Trigiano, M. Nowicki. 2020. Evaluation of genetic diversity of Asian callery pear, Pyrus calleryana. 30th USDA Interagency Research Forum on Invasive Species, 14-17 Jan. 2020, Annapolis, MD.
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: Velandia, M., A. Wszelaki, A. Fulcher, T. Petty, M. Bedwell, A. Bailey, and R. Jones. 2020. Updates on the H-2A program in the midst of COVID-19. UT Departmental Extension Publication D 64. 2pp. https://extension.tennessee.edu/publications/Documents/D64.pdf
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2020 Citation: Onufrak, A., G. Williams, M. Cregger, J. Debruyn, M. Ginzel, W. Klingeman, and D. Hadziabdic. 2020. Regional variability in the phytobiome of Juglans nigra and its potential role in regulating the severity of Thousand Cankers Disease. UTK One Health Day Virtual Seminar. November 3, 2020.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2020 Citation: Kapoor, B., A. Onufrak, W. Klingeman, J. DeBruyn, M. Cregger, E. Willcox, R. Trigiano, and D. Hadziabdic. 2020. Flowering dogwoods under fire: Responses of the microbiome under prescribed burn management. The American Phytopathological Society Southern Division Meeting, Charleston, SC (February 2020). Oral Presentation.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2020 Citation: Onufrak, A., G. Williams, J. DeBruyn, M. Cregger, W. Klingeman, M. Ginzel, and D. Hadziabdic. 2020. Bacterial communities associated with Juglans nigra significantly differ between the tree's native and introduced ranges. The American Phytopathological Society Southern Division Meeting, Charleston, SC (February 2020). Oral Presentation.
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: Velandia, M., A. Wszelaki, A. Fulcher, A. Bailey, and J. Howell Chadwell. 2020. Information to protect farmworkers and their employers in the midst of COVID-19. UT Departmental Extension Publication D 100. 5pp. https://extension.tennessee.edu/publications/Documents/D100.pdf
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: Fulcher, A., Green Industry Field Day, Knoxville, TN, Jun. 16, 2020
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: Fulcher, A., Horticulture Hot Topics: Advanced TMNP Program Launch, March 26, 2020
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: Wszelaki, A., M. Velandia, D. Lockwood, and A. Fulcher. Landscape, Retail and Farmworker Resources for COVID-19. Green Industry Field Day, June 16, 2020, Knoxville, TN, online format.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2020 Citation: Onufrak, A., G. Williams, M. Cregger, J. Debruyn, M. Ginzel, W. Klingeman, and D. Hadziabdic. 2020. Walnut phytobiome. UTK One Health Microbiome Group. October 29, 2020.


Progress 10/01/18 to 09/30/19

Outputs
Target Audience:Southern U.S. ornamental entomologists and horticultural researchers, landscape and forestry management professionals, nursery growers, consultants, urban foresters, regional extension specialists and extension agents, homeowner gardeners. Outreach and Extension programming to members of the public, as well as professional stakeholders; undergraduate and graduate college students in formal classroom and laboratory instruction settings. Changes/Problems: Nothing Reported What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?Collaborative projects with peer researchers have enabled undergraduate student and multiple graduate Research Assistant research (MS & PhD students) and post-masters' scientist training. A recently completed MS lab alumnus is starting a post-masters diagnostic job with the University of Georgia. STEM discipline-trained students, lab trainees, and support staff facilitate data collection, field trap deployments, greenhouse and bowhouse assays, and lab trials with results conveyed to peer academics and training to green industry professionals and county extension agents throughout TN and across the southern U.S. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?The results of research and outreach programs were disseminated to landscape management professionals, county extension agents, growers and consumer gardener enthusiasts via the Entomological Society of America, American Phytopathological Society, and American Society of Horticultural Science annual meetings, at University and Green Industry Professional Field Days; at regional and county meetings, conferences, field days, and trade journal magazines, and through traditional, college-level classroom instruction, and to other researchers, scientists, and consultants through professional society meetings. Relevant refereed articles have been published in Forests, Journal of Applied Entomology, Journal of Environmental Horticulture, Environmental Entomology, and Plant Disease. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?This Hatch Project includes multiple ongoing research goals and outreach objectives. Examination of fungal species associated with Chrysobothris beetles will continue. A multi-research partner initiative has been undertaken to clarify species identities within the C. femorata species group using Next-Gen genome sequencing. Collaborative work will continue to evaluate Trichoderma species interactions with G. morbida in greenhouse trials, as well as two field microbiome assessments focused on: 1) baseline tree condition in TCD-free and TCD-compromised habitats, and 2) maintaining J. nigra tree health. A different microbiome assessment of flowering dogwood (C. florida) exposed or not exposed to prescribed fire will continue. Collections of naturalized callery pear tree plant tissues have been made in 23 states that encompass much of the current distribution of these non-native, invasive trees. An assessment of genetic diversity among and across these trees has been initiated and will be evaluated at regional and broad scale levels. Pesticide application technology will continue to be investigated with 1-2 nursery and urban forest collaborators with an emphasis on drift reduction and minimizing pesticide residue on non-target areas. We will continue preliminary research in support of additional funding proposals needed to advance nursery and landscape IPM-related research and outreach efforts. Data generated during 2020 on these projects will be analyzed and with cooperators' help, prepared for dissemination via abstracts and presentations at professional and industry meetings.

Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals? A status review of TCD in walnut orchards and urban and native forests has been published that documents tree decline and loss in urban and peri-urban locations in the western US, as well as tree losses at the US Juglans germplasm repository in northern California. In the eastern US, initial J. nigra decline was followed by tree removal in managed urban forest lands, with evidence of subsequent tree recovery among remaining trees that were surveyed. Monitoring native and non-native scolytine and Chrysobothris woodboring beetle species that are active within walnut tree canopies and urban forests has yielded potential plant pathogen associates including G. morbida, G. obscura, and G. sp. 41 fungal species. In greenhouse inoculation studies, isolates of G. obscura have produced lesions in phloem of J. nigra trees, but results are inconsistent. Interactions with other fungal species (e.g., Fusarium sp.) and abiotic stresses might explain the variability in disease outcomes observed in young walnut seedlings. Geosmithia sp. 41 is a numbered (description pending) fungus that has caused Foamy Bark Disease in Coast Live Oak (Quercus agrifolia) and Red Oak (Q. rubra) hybrids in California. Isolates of G. sp. 41 have been recovered in TN and screening of TN- and CA-sourced isolates are in progress with several eastern US oak species. In collaborative research with Purdue University, USDA-ARS, and US-FS researchers, a molecular methodology that detects G. morbida and walnut twig beetle (Pityophthorus juglandis) DNA in infected tree tissues has been optimized. Target species DNA can be reliably detected, when present, down to 4 ng/μl sample concentrations. This amount is roughly equal to the DNA contained within between 8 and 11 fungal or beetle cells. Test results can by visualized by attaching fluorescing probes to species-specific DNA primers and exciting the sample with a restricted wavelength light source. Positive results show green reflected light, negative results show red reflected light. Costs per sample associated with this diagnostic procedure are reduced and bypass need for initial purchase expensive equipment. A utility patent for the technique is being prepared. Although confirmed in Tennessee, Honeysuckle leaf blight (Insolibasidium deformans) has persisted during 2019, but did not result in observable decline in unmanaged invasive Amur honeysuckle (Lonicera maackii) plants. Laser-guided sprayers were tested at two farms as part of a multi-state project. At one collaborating nursery, pest control levels were assessed, tree growth was monitored, and spray volume was recorded from the Intelligent and conventional constant rate plots throughout the season. Using the retrofitted sprayer reduced spray volume by 43%, and achieved comparable disease and insect control. This collaborator applies a reduced rate, 40 GPA compared to the industry standard of 100 GPA, yet the retrofit sprayer still reduced spray volume substantially. At another cooperating farm, pesticide volume was reduced 74-59% compared to a constant rate application as the season progressed and trees became increasingly dense. The constant rate comparison used in this study was 36% less than the grower's normal spray rate, demonstrating the substantial decrease that is possible under season-wide adoption of this technology compared to the conventional rate.

Publications

  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Chahal, K., R. Gazis, W. Klingeman*, D. Hadziabdic, P. Lambdin, J. Grant, and M. Windham. 2019. Assessing alternative candidate subcortical insect vectors from walnut crowns in habitats quarantined for thousand cankers disease. Environmental Entomology 48(4): 882-893. https://doi.org/10.1093/ee/nvz064
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Seybold, S. J., W. E. Klingeman III, S. M. Hishinuma, T. W. Coleman, and A.D. Graves. 2019. Status and impact of walnut twig beetle in urban forests, native forests, and orchards. J. Forestry 117(2): 152-163. https://doi.org/10.1093/jofore/fvy081
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Klingeman, W. E., E. C. Bernard, S. L. Boggess, G. M. Pietsch, D. Hadziabdic and R. N. Trigiano. 2019. First report of honeysuckle leaf blight on Amur honeysuckle (Lonicera maackii) caused by Insolibasidium deformans in Tennessee. Plant Disease. 103(4): 772 https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-10-18-1712-PDN
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Chen, L., M. Wallhead, H. Zhu, and A. Fulcher. 2019. Control of insects and diseases with Intelligent variable-rate sprayers in ornamental nurseries. J. Environ. Hort. 37(3): 90100.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Klingeman, W., G. Pietsch, S. Boggess, R. Gazis, and D. Hadziabdic. 2019. Screening predatory beetles for presence of DNA from thousand cankers disease complex members. Ann. Mtg. Entomol. Soc. Amer., Presentation Abstract #147978, St. Louis, MO. 17-20 November 2019.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Onufrak, A., E. Oren, R. Gazis, W. Klingeman, M. Faccoli, K. Chahal, M. Windham, M. Ginzel, and D. Hadziabdic. 2019. Unwelcomed stowaways and their role in thousand cankers disease spread. Mid-Atlantic States Mycological Conference, 12-14 April 2019, UT-Knoxville.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Stackhouse, T., E. Oren, S. Boggess, M. Ginzel, D. Hadziabdic, R, Trigiano, and W. Klingeman. 2019. An enhanced strategy for molecular detection of thousand cankers disease. Mid-Atlantic States Mycological Conference, 12-14 April 2019, UT-Knoxville.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Ony, M., M. Nowicki, W. Klingeman, S. Boggess, S. Everhart, M. Ginzel, J. Zobel, R. Trigiano, and D Hadziabdic. 2019. Road trips for redbuds: A regional assessment of the genetic diversity and spatial distribution of Cercis canadensis in the U.S. The American Phytopathological Society Annual Meeting, Cleveland, OH, 3-7 August 2019. Poster Presentation.
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Klingeman, W., R. Gazis, K. Chahal, M. Windham, G. Pietsch, and D. Hadziabdic. 2019. Fungal phoresy on Tennessee beetles, Pityophthorus juglandis, other bark beetles, and an update on a preliminary survey in Chrysobothris, pp. 50-52. USDA-NIFA SCRI Project Planning Conference, Proceedings of the Flatheaded Borer Workshop, 1-2 July 2019, McMinnville, TN. https://southernipm.org/partners/working-groups/wood-borers/flatheaded-borer/
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Oliver, J.B., K.M. Addesso, W. Klingeman, A. Dismukes, and N.N. Youssef. 2019. Tennessee nursery grower town hall meeting flatheaded borer results, pp. 57-61. USDA-NIFA SCRI Project Planning Conference, Proceedings of the Flatheaded Borer Workshop, 1-2 July 2019, McMinnville, TN. http://www. https://southernipm.org/partners/working-groups/wood-borers/flatheaded-borer/
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Flatheaded Borer Workshop. 2019. Priorities and critical needs in flatheaded borer research and extension outreach identified from workshops and town hall meetings, pp. 64-67. USDA-NIFA SCRI Project Planning Conference, Proceedings of the Flatheaded Borer Workshop, 1-2 July 2019, McMinnville, TN. https://southernipm.org/partners/working-groups/wood-borers/flatheaded-borer/
  • Type: Websites Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Klingeman, W.E. 2019. Examining interactions with plant pathogens and fungi: Knowledge of insect-disese interactions can inform pest management strategies. Getting the Best of Pests (Webinar), 15 May 2019.
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Gregg, D., A. Ludwig, and W. Klingeman. 2019. Controlling weedy perennials, shrubs and trees on slopes and near wetlands. TN Greentimes 20(4): 14-18.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Awaiting Publication Year Published: 2019 Citation: Fessler, L., A. Fulcher, J. Hines, H. Zhu, T. Hines, W. Wright, W. Yeary, X. Sun, and S. McClanahan. 2019. A dynamic laser-guided sprayer reduces pesticide use in large pot-in-pot production. HortScience S54
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Awaiting Publication Year Published: 2019 Citation: Fulcher, A., D.W. Lockwood, W. Wright, L. Fessler, W. Yeary, M. Burnett, H. Zhu, X. Sun, G. Pietsch and J. McHugh. 2019. Characterizing spray penetration of a novel sprayer into Malus domestica Golden Delicious apple trees at a commercial orchard. HortScience 54.
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Bordeau, T., A. Fulcher, and L. Russo. 2019. Pollinator stewardship and the green industry.
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Bordeau, T., A. Fulcher, and L. Fessler. 2019. Pollinator stewardship and the green industry.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Green Industry Express, Chattanooga, TN, Jan. 4, 2019
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Tennessee Association of Pesticide Applicators, Gatlinburg, TN, July 23, 2019
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Turf and Ornamental Field Day, Knoxville, TN, August 29, 2019
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: FaceBook Live Event, Knoxville, TN, August 28, 2019, 1,500 views


Progress 10/01/17 to 09/30/18

Outputs
Target Audience:Southern U.S. ornamental entomologists and horticultural researchers, landscape and forestry management professionals, nursery growers, consultants, urban foresters, regional extension specialists and extension agents, homeowner gardeners. Changes/Problems: Nothing Reported What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?Collaborative projects with peer researchers have enabled undergraduate student and multiple graduate Research Assistants (MS & PhD students), post-doctoral and post-masters' scientist support that has facilitated data collection, field trap deployments, greenhouse and bowhouse assays, and lab trials with results conveyed to peer academics and training to green industry professionals and county extension agents throughout TN and across the southern U.S. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?The results of research and outreach programs were disseminated to landscape management professionals, county extension agents, growers and consumer gardener enthusiasts via the Entomological Society of America, American Phytopathological Society, and American Society of Horticultural Science annual meetings, at University and Green Industry Professional Field Days; at regional and county meetings, conferences, field days, nursery tours, trade journal magazines, and at the Southern Nursery IPM Working Group wiki (http://wiki.bugwood.org/SNIPM); and to other researchers, scientists, and consultants through professional society meetings. Relevant refereed articles have been published in Critical Reviews in Plant Sciences, Environmental Entomology, Florida Entomologist, Frontiers in Plant Science, Fungal Biology, Journal of Environmental Horticulture, HortScience, Plant Disease, and PLoS ONE. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?This Hatch Project builds upon prior Hatch Project goals and will sustain ongoing research and outreach objectives. Pesticide application technology will continue to be investigated with 1-2 nursery collaborators. Data from 2018 will be analyzed for abstracts and presentations at professional and industry meetings. Finally, we will continue with preliminary research in support of additional funding proposals needed to advance nursery and landscape IPM-related research and outreach efforts.

Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals? Monitoring native and non-native scolytine woodboring beetle species that are active within walnut tree canopies has revealed several species that are also associated with Geosmithia morbida and G. obscura fungal species. The latter species causes lesions in phloem of Juglans nigra and some G. obscura isolates also appear capable of producing disease symptoms. Through collaborative research with Purdue University, USDA-ARS, and US-FS researchers, a molecular methodology has been developed to detect G. morbida and walnut twig beetle (Pityophthorus juglandis) DNA in infected tree tissues. Work is underway to optimize visualization of test results while minimizing costs for the diagnostic procedure. The influence of TCD on microbiomes of clonal walnut trees is being examined as a means to assess tree health at locations in the US that are under different levels of disease pressure. Examination of other fungal species associated with lesions and insect galleries in walnut trees has revealed Trichoderma species and isolates that may be benefit tree health by antagonizing G. morbida's ability to colonize and maintain infection within a compromised J. nigra host. A plant pathogen found in Tennessee was confirmed to cause powdery mildew on US-native mountain mints (Pycnanthemum sp.); flowers of which are heavily visited by natural enemy wasps and pollinators. Honeysuckle leaf blight was also confirmed in Tennessee, which represents the southernmost range reported for a foliar pathogen that infects many Lonicera species, including invasive L. maackii. Laser-guided sprayers were tested at two nurseries as part of a multi-crop, multi-state project. At one collaborating nursery, the team rated maples for tar spot and anthracnose biweekly from May to September. Trees were measured and spray volume was recorded from the prototype sprayer and the nursery's sprayer throughout the season. Using the prototype sprayer reduced spray volume by 30%, although trees in the laser-guided plot had 70% greater tree row volume than those in the conventionally sprayed plot, and achieved comparable disease control. At a second collaborating nursery, the team scouted and rated oaks for oak leaf blister and oak leaf spot biweekly from May to September. Tree growth was measured and the spray volume from the manual and intelligent plots was recorded throughout the season. Water sensitive cards placed in the canopy and around the target trees were sprayed to assess spray characteristics. Oak fungal disease ratings were within 1.5% for the two sprayer types. The collaborating nursery is applying a reduced rate, 40 GPA compared to the industry standard of 100 GPA, yet the retrofit sprayer still reduced spray volume 29% on the oaks and approximately 50% nursery-wide. Our online SNIPM Working Group CV: http://wiki.bugwood.org/SNIPM ) details many of our related research and outreach outputs.

Publications

  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: Klingeman W. E., E. C. Bernard, S. L. Boggess, G. M. Pietsch, and R. N. Trigiano. 2018. First report of powdery mildew on mountain-mints (Pycnanthemum sp.) caused by Golovinomyces monardae in the United States. Plant Disease: 102(9): 1849.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: Yeary, W., A. Fulcher, W. Klingeman, H. Zhu, and J. Grant. 2018. Spray penetration and natural enemy survival into dense and sparse canopies treated with carbaryl: implications for conventional and biological control. Journal of Environmental Horticulture: 36(1): 21-29
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: Gazis, R., L. Poplawski, W. Klingeman, S. Boggess, R. Trigiano, A, Graves, S, Seybold, and D. Hadziabdic. 2018. Mycobiota associated with insect galleries in walnut with thousand cankers disease reveals a potential natural enemy against Geosmithia morbida. Fungal Biology 122: 241-253. https://doi:10.1016/j.funbio.2018.01.005
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: Blood, B. L., M. A. Paschen, W. E. Klingeman, D. Hadziabdic, J. J. Couture, and M. D. Ginzel. 2018. Behavioral responses of Pityophthorus juglandis (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) to volatiles of black walnut and Geosmithia morbida, the causal agent of Thousand Cankers Disease. Environmental Entomology 47(2): 412-421. http://doi:10.1093/ee/nvx194
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: Oren E., W.E. Klingeman, R. Gazis, J. Moulton, P. Lambdin, M. Coggeshall, J. Hulcr, S.J. Seybold, and D. Hadziabdic. 2018. A novel molecular toolkit for rapid detection of the pathogen and primary vector of thousand cankers disease. PLoS ONE 13(1): e0185087. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0185087
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: Hatmaker AE, Staton ME, Dattilo AJ, Hadziabdic D, Rinehart TA, Schilling EE, Trigiano RN, and Wadl PA. 2018. Population structure and genetic diversity within the endangered species Pityopsis ruthii (Asteraceae). Frontiers in Plant Science 9: DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.00943.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: Nowicki M, Boggess S, Saxton A, Hadziabdic D, Xiang Q-Y, Molnar T, Huff M, Staton M, Zhao Y, and Trigiano R. 2018. Haplotyping of Cornus florida and C. kousa chloroplasts: insights into species-level differences and patterns of plastic DNA variation in cultivars. PloSOne (Accepted).
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: Wadl PA, Mack BM, Beltz SB, Moore GG, Baird RE, Rinehart TA, Molnar TJ, Staton ME, Hadziabdic D, and Trigiano RN. 2018. Development of genomic resources for the powdery mildew, Erysiphe pulchra. Plant Disease (Accepted).
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: Spring, O, Gomez-Zeledon J, Hadziabdic D, Trigiano R, Thines M, and Lebeda A. 2018. The long way to direct virulence classification of economically biotrophic oomycetes. Critical Reviews in Plant Sciences (Accepted).
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Awaiting Publication Year Published: 2018 Citation: Fulcher, A., D. Lockwood, W. Wright, H. Zhu, M. Burnett, L. Smith, J. McHugh, and G. Pietsch. Characterizing spray penetration of a novel sprayer into Malus domestica Golden Delicious apple trees at a commercial orchard. HortScience 53S.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Awaiting Publication Year Published: 2018 Citation: Fulcher, A., J. McHugh, H. Zhu, R. Collier, W. Wright, and W. Yeary. Powdery mildew control and spray application characteristics of a laser-guided sprayer. HortScience 53S.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2018 Citation: Zhu, H., A. Fulcher, R. Rosetta and M. Wallhead. 2018. Advanced precision spray application technology for effective control of ornamental diseases. International Congress on Plant Pathology.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2018 Citation: Fulcher, A., J. McHugh, H. Zhu, R. Collier, W. Wright, and W. Yeary. Powdery mildew control and spray application characteristics of a laser-guided sprayer. American Society for Horticultural Science Annual Conference, July 31-August 3, 2018, Washington, DC.
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: Frank, S.D. (Ed.), K.M. Addesso, A.D. Ali, P. Anderson, J. Beale, J. Calabro, Z. Cheng, J-H Chong, A. Dale, E. Day, W. Dunwell, B. Fair, F.A. Hale, D. Held, D. Herms, J. Iles, L.J. Iles, L. Rieske-Kinney, W. Klingeman, M. Raupp, E. Rebek, L. Reid, C. Sadof, and D. Smitley. 2018. Key Pests and IPM Research and Extension Priorities for Urban Trees in the Eastern US. SR IPM Center Crop Profile: Urban Trees. https://ipmdata.ipmcenters.org/documents/cropprofiles/UrbanTrees_SIPM%20Needs%20Assessment_Final_Feb26.pdf
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: Dismukes A, F. Hale, and W. Klingeman. 2018. Introduction to entomology and integrated pest management. In: Tennessee Extension Master Gardener Handbook. Bumgarner, N, and Reese J (Eds). UT Extension Publication- PB-1845-M. 48 pp.
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: Klingeman, W.E., J.C. Chong, C. Harmon, L. Ames, A.V. LeBude, and P. Chandran. 2018. What diagnostic service records reveal that is guiding training resource development for key scale insect pests. Ann. Meeting Entomol. Soc. Amer., Vancouver, BC CAN. 11-15 Nov. 2018.


Progress 10/01/16 to 09/30/17

Outputs
Target Audience:Southern U.S. ornamental entomologists and horticultural researchers, landscape management professionals, homeowner gardening amateurs/enthusiasts, nursery growers, consultants, regional extension specialists and extension agents. Changes/Problems: Nothing Reported What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?Collaborative projects with peer researchers have enabled undergraduate student and multiple graduate Research Assistants (MS & PhD students), post-doctoral and post-masters' scientist support that has facilitated data collection, field trap deployments, greenhouse and bowhouse assays, and lab trials with results conveyed to peer academics and training to green industry professionals and county extension agents throughout TN and across the southern U.S. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?The results of research and outreach programs were disseminated to landscape management professionals, county extension agents, growers and consumer gardener enthusiasts via the Entomological Society of America, American Phytopathological Society, and American Society of Horticultural Science annual meetings, at University and Green Industry Professional Field Days; at regional and county meetings, conferences, field days, nursery tours, trade journal magazines, and at the Southern Nursery IPM Working Group wiki (http://wiki.bugwood.org/SNIPM) and Southeastern Ornamental Horticulture Production & IPM blog (http://blog.caes.uga.edu/sehp); and to other researchers, scientists, and consultants through professional society meetings. Refereed articles have been published in Environmental Entomology, Florida Entomologist, Journal of Insect Science, HortScience, Transactions of the ASABE, and Plant Disease. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?This Hatch Project builds upon prior Hatch Project goals and will sustain ongoing research and outreach objectives. Irrigation scheduling technology will continue to be investigated with 1-2 nursery collaborators. Data from 2016 and 2017 will be analyzed for abstracts and presentations at professional and industry meetings. Finally, we will continue with preliminary research in support of additional funding proposals needed to advance nursery and landscape IPM-related research and outreach efforts.

Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals? Research papers were published that document occurrence and distribution of 230 longhorned beetle species (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) in Tennessee and that highlight trap capture methods effective in monitoring native and non-native scolytine woodboring beetle species that are active within walnut tree canopies. Through collaborative research, these beetles were confirmed to carry G. morbida and other Geosmithia fungal species from walnut (Juglans nigra) and other host tree species. Published research also explains limited capability and likelihood of P. juglandis infestation of juvenile walnut nursery stock that can influence regulatory decision-making. A plant pathogen was found in Tennessee and confirmed to cause powdery mildew on rescuegrass (Bromus catharticus), which has implications for forage health should the fungus become pathogenic to other Bromus species. Collaborative research with TSU, Purdue University, USDA-ARS, and US-FS researchers continues to optimize kairomone attraction profiles and has resulted in a rapid molecular diagnostic protocol for detecting Geosmithia morbida and Thousand Cankers Disease in walnut logs and trees. Three nurseries were instrumented to investigate and optimize irrigation practices as part of a multi-crop water use study within Tennessee. Water use, container moisture level, and leachate were measured and used to control irrigation in order to gain insight on current practices and identify a basis for irrigation scheduling that will minimize water use. Two years of experiments conducted using an on-demand irrigation schedule were published in a scientific journal. At a collaborating nursery, the on-demand irrigation schedule eliminated cherry tree (Prunus spp.) mortality from phytophthora root rot. The leachate-based systems were trialed for a 3rd year on J. horizontalis 'Blue Rug' and Hydrangea quercifolia, oakleaf hydrangea. The system reduced water use approximately 65% for juniper and 40-50% for hydrangea, depending on season. The intelligent sprayer prototype was tested on Cornus florida, flowering dogwood, in a middle Tennessee nursery for a 2nd year and found to provide equivalent powdery mildew control with 56.1% less spray volume with no reduction in plant growth. A third USDA-NIFA SR-IPM grant-funded Nursery Production IPM book was published in 2017. The book is intended for use by nursery growers, landscape managers, and Extension professionals and will provide valuable cropping system overviews for 5 economically important shrub species. A USDA-NIFA CP-ARDP grant (UTIA EPP & Plant Sciences with Purdue University) will inform future research goals and optimize monitoring efforts for walnut twig beetle. Research remains in-progress regarding use of host plant and plant pathogenic fungal-derived chemistries to enhance beetle monitoring. Efforts to shift study sites to the western U.S. where WTB populations have been high, may be constrained by lower levels of beetle activity. We remain actively partnered with nursery growers, regulators, and landscape managers and are defining priorities for future outreach and study. Our online SNIPM Working Group CV: http://wiki.bugwood.org/SNIPM ) details our research and outreach outputs.

Publications

  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2017 Citation: Klingeman, W. E., E. C. Bernard, S. L. Boggess, G. M. Pietsch, J. T. Brosnan, and R. N. Trigiano. 2017. First report of powdery mildew on rescuegrass (Bromus catharticus) caused by Blumeria graminis in Tennessee. Plant Disease: in press. http://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-08-17-1175-PDN
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2017 Citation: Klingeman, W.E., N.N. Youssef, J.B. Oliver and J.P. Basham. 2017. The Longhorned Beetles (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) of Tennessee: Distribution, seasonal adult activity and new state records. Florida Entomologist 100(2): 292-302. Supplemental Data: Table 3 (26 pp.) & Suppl. Figs 1-231 (17 pp.) http://journals.fcla.edu/flaent/article/view/88416/100410
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2017 Citation: Audley, J. W.E. Klingeman, A. Mayfield III, S. Meyers and A. Taylor. 2017. Pityophthorus juglandis (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) colonization of Juglans nigra nursery trees. Journal of Insect Science 17(3): 1-9. DOI: http://doi.org/10.1093/jisesa/iex046
  • Type: Book Chapters Status: Published Year Published: 2017 Citation: Klingeman, W.E., A. LeBude, A. Rateike, J. Williams Woodward and G.M. Weaver. 2017. A review of arthropod pests, plant diseases and abiotic disorders and their management on Rhododendron in the southeastern U.S. IPM for Shrubs in Southeastern US Nursery Production (Vol. II), pp. 134-204. Chappell, M. & G. Knox, Eds. Clemson, SC. Southern Region IPM Center. Print ISBN: 978-0-9854998-4-6
  • Type: Book Chapters Status: Published Year Published: 2017 Citation: Fulcher, A.F., J. Derr, W.E. Klingeman, C. Marble, J. Neal, A. Windham and G. Weaver. 2017. Hydrangea - Hydrangea spp. IPM for Shrubs in Southeastern US Nursery Production (Vol. II), pp. 9-52. Chappell, M. & G. Knox, Eds. Clemson, SC. Southern Region IPM Center. Print ISBN: 978-0-9854998-4-6. https://wiki.bugwood.org/IPM_Shrub_Book_II
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2017 Citation: Chong, J.C., W.E. Klingeman, and F.A. Hale. 2017. The Insecticide and Miticide Mode of Action Field Guide: A resource to assist in managing arthropod pests of turfgrass and ornamental plants. UT Extension, W 415. 75 pp. https://extension.tennessee.edu/publications/Documents/W415.pdf
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2017 Citation: Ginzel, M. (with B. Blood, M. A. Paschen, J. Juzwik, D. Hadziabdic and W. Klingeman). 2017. Behavioral responses of Pityophthorus juglandis (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) to volatiles of black walnut and Geosmithia morbida, the causal agent of Thousand Cankers Disease. Thousand Cankers Disease Research and Management Operational Meeting. Lafayette, IN, 13-15 June 2017.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2017 Citation: Hadziabdic, D. (with R. Gazis, E. Oren, D. Hadziabdic,J. Juzwik, M. Ginzel, M. Coggeshall, S. Seybold, A. Graves, and W. Klingema). 2017. The things we know and dont know about what we dont know about TCD. Thousand Cankers Disease Research and Management Operational Meeting. Lafayette, IN, 13-15 June 2017.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2017 Citation: Gazis, R. (with E. Oren, D. Hadziabdic, M. Coggeshall, S. Seybold, A. Graves, and W. Klingeman). 2017. Making Thousand Cankers Disease diagnostics simpler, faster and costefficient. Thousand Cankers Disease Research and Management Operational Meeting. Lafayette, IN, 13-15 June 2017.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2017 Citation: Chahal, K. (with R. Gazis, E. Oren, D. Hadziabdic, W. Klingeman, P. Lambdin, J. Grant, and M.T. Windham). 2017. TCD research in Tennessee: Geosmithia morbida virulence, alternative vectors, and associated Geosmithia species. Thousand Cankers Disease Research and Management Operational Meeting. Lafayette, IN, 13-15 June 2017.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2017 Citation: Audley, J., S.W. Myers, A. Taylor, W.E. Klingeman, S.W. Fraedrich, P. Merten, R. Camp, and A.E. Mayfield III. 2017. Phytosanitary wood treatments for TCD and nursery stock colonization by the walnut twig beetle. Thousand Cankers Disease Research and Management Operational Meeting, Lafayette, IN, 14 June 2017.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2017 Citation: Chahal K., R. Gazis, J. Grant, D. Hadziabdic, P. Lambdin, W. Klingeman, D. Paulsen and M. Windham M. 2017. Potential alternative vectors for Geosmithia morbida (thousand cankers disease) in east Tennessee. The American Phytopathological Society Annual Meeting, San Antonio, TX, August 2017.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2017 Citation: Chahal, K., R. Gazis, J. Grant, D. Hadziabdic, P. Lambdin, W. Klingeman and M. Windham. 2017. Preliminary assessment of insect-associated Geosmithia species in Tennessee. The American Phytopathological Society Annual Meeting, San Antonio, TX, August 2017.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2017 Citation: Oren, E., W. Klingeman, R. Gazis, J. Moulton, P. Lambdin, M. Coggeshall, J. Hulcr, S. Seybold and D. Hadziabdic. 2017. A novel molecular toolkit for rapid detection of the pathogen and primary vector of Thousand Cankers Disease. The American Phytopathological Society Annual Meeting, San Antonio, TX, August 2017.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2017 Citation: Oren, E., W. Klingeman, J. Moulton, P. Lambdin, M. Faccoli and D. Hadziabdic. 2017. Genetic diversity and spatial structure of the Walnut Twig Beetle, Pityophthorus juglandis, the vector of Thousand Cankers in USA and Europe. The American Phytopathological Society Annual Meeting, San Antonio, TX, August 2017.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2017 Citation: Skinner, J.A., Moore, P.A., W.E. Klingeman and P.A. Wadl. 2017. Pollination of Pityopsis ruthii (Asteraceae), a rare endangered perennial endemic to southeastern Tennessee. Ann. Meeting of the Entomol. Soc. Amer., Denver, CO. 4-9 November 2017.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2017 Citation: Klingeman, W.E., K. Chahal, R. Gazis, S. Seybold, A. Graves, M.T. Windham, and D. Hadziabdic. Fungi associated with insect galleries and lesions in branches of TCD-impacted walnut and Geosmithia species diversity on field-collected beetles. Ann. Meeting of the Entomol. Soc. Amer., Denver, CO. 4-9 November 2017.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2017 Citation: Bray, A., J.B. Oliver, W. Klingeman and N. Youssef. 2017. Trapping methods for walnut twig beetle, Pityophthorus juglandis, during the height of population density in eastern Tennessee. Ann. Meeting of the Entomol. Soc. Amer., Denver, CO. 4-9 November 2017.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2017 Citation: Oren, E., W. Klingeman, P. L. Lambdin, J. Moulton, J. Pscheidt, W. Cranshaw, M. Faccoli, M. Ginzel, and D. Hadziabdic. 2017. Vectors on the move: Population structure and genetic diversity of walnut twig beetles. Ann. Meeting of the Entomol. Soc. Amer., Denver, CO. 4-9 November 2017.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2017 Citation: Ginzel, M., B. Blood, M. A. Paschen, D. Hadziabdic, J. Juzwik, J. J. Couture, and W. Klingeman. 2017. Behavioral responses of Pityophthorus juglandis (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) to volatiles of black walnut and Geosmithia morbida, the causal agent of Thousand Cankers Disease. Ann. Meeting of the Entomol. Soc. Amer., Denver, CO. 4-9 November 2017.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2016 Citation: Basiri Jahromi, N., F. Walker, A. Fulcher, and James Altland. 2016. Effect of biochar on nutrient release and retention in container crops. Proceedings of the Southern Nursery Association Research Conference. 61:174-180
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2017 Citation: Mallipeddi, R., W. Klingeman, M. Staton, B. Johnson, and J. L. Jurat-Fuentes. 2017. Transcriptome profiling of cellulase gene expression in response to different cellulose diets. Ann. Meeting of the Entomol. Soc. Amer., Denver, CO. 4-9 November 2017.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2017 Citation: Zhu, H., R. Rosetta, M.E. Reding, R.H. Zondag, C.M. Ranger, L. Ca�as, A. Fulcher, R.C. Derksen, H.E. Ozkan, and C.R. Krause. 2017. Validation of laser-guided variable-rate sprayer for managing insects in ornamental nurseries. Transactions of the ASABE. 60(2): 337-345. doi: 10.13031/trans.12020.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2017 Citation: Nambuthiri, S., E. Hagen , A. Fulcher, and R. Geneve. 2017. Evaluating a physiological-based, on-demand irrigation system for container-grown woody plants with different water requirements. HortScience 52(2):1-7. 2017. doi: 10.21273/HORTSCI10603-16
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2017 Citation: N. Basiri Jahromi, F. Walker, A. Fulcher, J.E. Altland and N. Eash. 2017. Developing precision irrigation scheduling with a physiologically based or a substrate physical properties based system for nursery production. Soil Science Society of America Annual Conference. Poster 1109.
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2017 Citation: N. Basiri Jahromi, F. Walker, A. Fulcher, J.E. Altland and N. Eash. 2017. Using Physiological Parameters to Monitor Plant Water Status Under Different Irrigation Systems. Soil Science Society of America Annual Conference. Poster 1109.
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2017 Citation: Fulcher, A., A. LeBude, and J.S. Owen. 2017. Hydrangea Primer: PGRs. Nursery Management. October 6, 2017.
  • Type: Other Status: Other Year Published: 2017 Citation: Basiri Jahromi, N., F. Walker, A. Fulcher and J. Altland. 2017. Photosynthesis, growth, and water use of Hydrangea paniculata Silver Dollar produced with different irrigation schedules and biochar substrate amendment. HortScience 52S: in press.
  • Type: Other Status: Other Year Published: 2017 Citation: Fulcher, A., J. McHugh, R. Collier, H. Zhu, W. Yeary, W. Wright, S. Xiaocun, F. Collier, and D.W. Lockwood. 2017. Evaluating variable-rate, laser-guided sprayer performance and powdery mildew control in Cornus florida 'Cherokee Princess'. HortScience 52S: in press.
  • Type: Other Status: Other Year Published: 2017 Citation: Zhu, H. J. Boldt, A. Fulcher, Y. Gao, D. Herms, C. Krause, P. Ling, D.W. Lockwood, G. Niu, H.E. Ozkan, J. Pscheidt, R. Rosetta, G. Schnabe, A. Shah, L. Zhao, and R. Zondag. 2017. Advancement of Laser-guided Intelligent pesticide spray control technology in specialty crop production. HortScience 52S: in press.
  • Type: Other Status: Other Year Published: 2017 Citation: Wright, W., J. McHugh, A. Fulcher, Q. Cypher, and D. Pirtle. 2017. Evaluation of substrate moisture based on-demand nursery irrigation scheduling for Kwansan cherry (Prunus serrulata). HortScience 52S: in press.
  • Type: Other Status: Other Year Published: 2017 Citation: McHugh, J., W. Wright, Q. Cypher, A. Fulcher and I. Hiscock. 2017. Evaluation of a tri-daily water use irrigation schedule and cyclic irrigation on plant growth and water use of Cornus florida and Cornus kousa var. chinensis dogwoods. HortScience 52S: in press.
  • Type: Other Status: Other Year Published: 2017 Citation: Fulcher, A., J. McHugh, W. Wright, Q. Cypher, K. Holden, and S. Xiaocun. 2017. Irrigating juniper with an automated leaching fraction-based irrigation schedule. HortScience 52S: in press.
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2017 Citation: Fulcher, A. 2017. Techniques to improve writing and output for research and extension. HortScience 52S: in press.


Progress 06/26/16 to 09/30/16

Outputs
Target Audience:Southern U.S. ornamental entomologists and horticultural researchers, landscape management professionals, homeowner gardening amateurs/enthusiasts, nursery growers, consultants, regional extension specialists and extension agents. Changes/Problems: Nothing Reported What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?Collaborative projects with peer researchers have enabled undergraduate student and multiple graduate Research Assistants (MS & PhD students) and postmasters' scientist support that has facilitated data collection, field trap deployments, greenhouse and bowhouse assays, and lab trials with results conveyed to peer academics and training to green industry professionals and county extension agents throughout TN and across the southern U.S. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?The results of research and outreach programs were disseminated to landscape management professionals, county extension agents, growers and consumer gardener enthusiasts via the Entomological Society of America, American Society of Horticultural Science, and Southern Nursery Association annual meetings, at University and Green Industry Professional Field Days; at regional and county meetings, conferences, field days, nursery tours, trade journal magazines, and at the Southern Nursery IPM Working Group wiki (http://wiki.bugwood.org/SNIPM) and Southeastern Ornamental Horticulture Production & IPM blog (http://blog.caes.uga.edu/sehp); and to other researchers, scientists, and consultants through professional society meetings. Refereed articles have been published in Forest Products Journal, Forests, Journal of the Torrey Botanical Society, Journal of Economic Entomology, Journal of Environmental Horticulture, HortTechnology, and HortScience. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?This new Hatch Project, which builds upon prior Hatch Project goals, was approved in 2016 and will sustain ongoing research and outreach objectives. Relevant collaborative field trials will be conducted (or supported) for another year to continue to evaluate walnut twig beetle trapping efficacy. Statewide cerambycid data will be summarized and analyzed for peer review. Authorship responsibilities will be concluded for contributed content to IPM for Shrubs in Southeastern US Nursery Production (Vol. II). Irrigation scheduling technology will continue to be investigated with nursery collaborators. Data from 2015 and 2016 will be analyzed for abstracts and presentations at professional and industry meetings. Finally, we will continue with preliminary research in support of additional funding proposals needed to advance nursery and landscape IPM-related research and outreach efforts.

Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals? Two review papers were published that summarize research status and future needs related to the Thousand Cankers Disease Complex and population maintenance of and endangered southern Appalachian aster (Pityopsis ruthii). Research results were published that explain phytosanitation strategies and insecticidal treatments that can help prevent human-assisted spread of walnut twig beetle in forest products. Collaborative research with TSU, Purdue University, USDA-ARS, and US-FS researchers continues to optimize kairomone attraction profiles and has resulted in a rapid molecular diagnostic protocol for detecting Geosmithia morbida and Thousand Cankers Disease in walnut logs and trees. Round table discussions with nursery producers and faculty led to the refereed publication The Next Ten Years: Strategic Vision of Water Resources for Nursery Producers. Three nurseries were instrumented to investigate and optimize irrigation practices as part of a multi-crop water use study within Tennessee. Water use, container moisture level, and leachate were measured and used to control irrigation in order to gain insight on current practices and identify a basis for irrigation scheduling that will minimize water use. A third USDA-NIFA SR-IPM grant-funded Nursery Production IPM book remains in progress. The book is intended for use by nursery growers, landscape managers, and Extension professionals and will provide valuable cropping system overviews for 5 economically important shrub species. A USDA-NIFA CP-ARDP grant (UTIA EPP & Plant Sciences with Purdue University) will inform future research goals and optimize monitoring efforts for walnut twig beetle. Research progress in using host plant and plant pathogenic fungal-derived chemistries to enhance beetle monitoring will be shifted to the western U.S. localities where WTB populations are high enough to enable statistical comparisons among experimental treatments. We remain actively partnered with nursery growers, regulators, and landscape managers and are defining priorities for future outreach and study. Our online SNIPM Working Group CV: http://wiki.bugwood.org/SNIPM ) details our research and outreach outputs.

Publications

  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2016 Citation: Daniels, D.A., R.J. Lord, K.A. Nix, P.A. Wadl, L.M. Vito, G.J. Wiggins, M.T. Windham, B.H. Ownley, P.L. Lambdin, J.F. Grant, P. Merten, W.E. Klingeman, D. Hadziabdic. 2016. Thousand Cankers Disease Complex: A forest health issue that threatens Juglans species across the U.S. Forests 7(260): doi:10.3390/f7110260.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2016 Citation: Audley, J., A.E. Mayfield III, S.W. Meyers, A. Taylor and W.E. Klingeman. 2016. Insecticide dip treatments to prevent walnut twig beetle colonization of black walnut logs. For. Prod. J. 66 (3/4): 233-240.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2016 Citation: Moore, P.A., P.A. Wadl, J.A. Skinner, W.E. Klingeman, A.J. Dattilo. 2016. Current knowledge, threats and future efforts to sustain populations of Pityopsis ruthii (Asteraceae), an endangered southern Appalachian species. J. Torrey Bot. Sci. 143(3): 117-134.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2016 Citation: Audley, J., A.E. Mayfield III, S.W. Meyers, A. Taylor and W.E. Klingeman. 2016. Phytosanitation methods influence post-treatment colonization Juglans nigra logs by Pityophthorus juglandis (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). J. Econ. Entomol. 109(1): 213-221. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jee/tov252
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2016 Citation: Hadziabdic, D., E. Oren, R. Gazis, W. Klingeman, L. Vito, M. Windham, L. Poplawski, P. Lambdin, J. Grant, G. Wiggins, P. Wadl, B. Ownley, M. Staton, J. Moulton, P. Merten, J.W. Pscheidt, W. Cranshaw, M. Faccoli, J. Juzwik, M. Ginzel, and R.N. Trigiano. 2016. Thousand Cankers Disease research: the good, the bad and the ugly. International Congress of Entomology, Orlando, FL. (Invited) Sept. 25-30, 2016.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2016 Citation: Blood, Bridget, Denita Hadziabdic, William Klingeman, and Matthew Ginzel. 2016. Enhanced detection of Pityophthorus juglandis, the primary vector of Thousand Cankers Disease. XXV International Congress of Entomology. Orlando, FL. Sept. 25-30, 2016.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2016 Citation: Oren, Emel, William Klingeman, Paris L. Lambdin, John Moulton, Mark Coggeshall, Steven Seybold, and Denita Hadziabdic. 2016. Rapid molecular detection of Thousand Cankers Disease. XXV International Congress of Entomology. Orlando, FL. Sept. 25-30, 2016.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2016 Citation: Youssef, N., J.B. Oliver, D. Fare, W. Klingeman, J. Francese, J.P. Basham, J. Lampley, D. Eskandarnia, and G. Roper. 2016. Buprestid and Cerambycid trapping: The progression of 13 years of trapping. XXV International Congress of Entomology. Orlando, FL. Sept. 25-30, 2016.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2016 Citation: Klingeman, W.E., A. Bray, J.B. Oliver, C. Ranger, and D. Palmquist. 2016. Walnut twig beetle trapping yields insights for monitoring secondary pest Scolytinae in Tennessee. XXV International Congress of Entomology. Orlando, FL. Sept. 25-30, 2016.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2016 Citation: Hadziabdic, D., R. Gazis, W. Klingeman and M. Staton. Genetic comparison of Geosmithia morbida isolates from genetically distinct clusters. IUFRO Genomics and Forest Tree Genetics Conference, Arcachon, France. 30 May-3 June, 2016.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2016 Citation: Edwards, T., P. Wadl, R. Trigiano, A. Hatmaker, S. Boggess, P. Moore, W. Klingeman E. Bernard, A. Dattilo, B. Ownley, T. Rinehart, M. Pistrang, J. Skinner, G. Call, A. Windham, and D. Hadziabdic. 2016. Current Status and Ongoing Conservation Efforts for the Endangered Pityopsis ruthii. The American Phytopathological Society Annual Meeting, Tampa, FL (August 2016).
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2016 Citation: Fulcher, A., A.V. LeBude, J.S. Owen, S.A. White and R.C. Beeson. The next ten years: Strategic vision of water resources for nursery producers. HortTechnology 26(2):121.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2016 Citation: Basiri Jahromi, N., F. Walker, and A. Fulcher. 2016. Improving water use efficiency in nursery crops. Fifth Annual Watershed Symposium at UT: Careers in Water.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2016 Citation: N. Basiri Jahromi, F. Walker, A. Fulcher and J. E. Altland. 2016. Biochar affects nutrient leaching from container-grown woody plants with different water requirements. American Society for Horticultural Science annual conference. 59(9)S:161.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2016 Citation: N. Basiri Jahromi, F. Walker, A. Fulcher and J. E. Altland. 2016. Effect of biochar on nutrient release and retention in container crops. Southern Nursery Association Research Conference. 61:174-180.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2016 Citation: N. Basiri Jahromi, F. Walker, A. Fulcher and J. E. Altland. 2016. Effect of biochar and plant-based irrigation scheduling on growth and plant water use. Soil Science Society of America Annual Conference. 117-11.
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2016 Citation: Fulcher, A., B. Leib, J. McHugh, W. Wright, W. Yeary, and Q. Cypher. 2016. Irrigation success stories. Tennessee Green Times. 17(3):21-22.