Source: OKLAHOMA STATE UNIVERSITY submitted to
FARM-TO-TABLE MOVEMENT IN OKLAHOMA: BARRIERS AND FACILITATORS OF LOCAL FOOD SOURCING FROM OKLAHOMA PRODUCERS TO RESTAURANTS
Sponsoring Institution
National Institute of Food and Agriculture
Project Status
TERMINATED
Funding Source
Reporting Frequency
Annual
Accession No.
1009505
Grant No.
(N/A)
Project No.
OKL03026
Proposal No.
(N/A)
Multistate No.
(N/A)
Program Code
(N/A)
Project Start Date
Oct 1, 2016
Project End Date
Sep 30, 2018
Grant Year
(N/A)
Project Director
Slevitch, LI.
Recipient Organization
OKLAHOMA STATE UNIVERSITY
(N/A)
STILLWATER,OK 74078
Performing Department
Human Sciences
Non Technical Summary
Little is known as to why the direct to foodservice movement struggles to grow in Oklahoma. Moreover, in general very few studies have looked at the relationships between local food producers and restaurant operators in order to identify and address the inefficiencies that prevent integration of local food into the restaurant industry (Schmit & Hadcock, 2013). There have been many attempts to examine the issues and benefits of local food structures in such areas as nutrition, food choices, and human health (Martinez et al., 2010). However, there has been lack of research on sourcing local foods to commercial foodservice operators (Markram, Piano, & Greene, 2013).The current project seeks to combine existing research on the Food Systems theory with Market theory in order to analyze the complexities and benefits of the farm-to-restaurant supply chain in Oklahoma. Addressing such issues would be important because the direct to restaurant segment of local food systems in Oklahoma has not been developed noticeably. Supplying directly to restaurant operators is particularly beneficial because it is continuous in nature and provides long-term income (Sharma, Moon, & Strohbehn, 2014). Consequently, it would have a significant positive impact on Oklahoma rural communities and could drive growth within the local farming sector leading to a greater number of local farms.
Animal Health Component
0%
Research Effort Categories
Basic
100%
Applied
(N/A)
Developmental
(N/A)
Classification

Knowledge Area (KA)Subject of Investigation (SOI)Field of Science (FOS)Percent
7046220303020%
6046030303080%
Goals / Objectives
The current project seeks to combine existing research on the Food Systems theory with Market theory in order to analyze the complexities and benefits of the farm-to-restaurant supply chain in Oklahoma. The purpose of the project is to investigate what deters and what facilitates farm-to-restaurant sourcing in Oklahoma from the perspective of both the producer and restaurateur. The project also aims to understand the restaurant demand for local foods and identify key success factors in establishing local food sourcing.
Project Methods
The data collection part of the project will consist of two phases: qualitative (interviews) and quantitative (survey). IRB approval will be obtained for data collection. The initial step will involve reviewing existing literature to determine the gaps in previous studies of food systems regarding connections between local producers and restaurants. From this review a set of initial interview questions will be developed. The main phase of the project will start with a qualitative component involving individual interviews with Oklahoma producers/farmers and restaurateurs. Each interview is expected to last 20-30 minutes. The interview questions will include inquiries about employed selling/purchasing practices and barriers and facilitators of farm-to-restaurant systems. All participants will be offered a $100 remuneration. The number of participants will not be determined apriori as suggested by Ground theory principles (Morse, 2000), however we expect 30 as a ballpark estimate. Data saturation point will be used to determine sufficient sample size.Oklahoma Cooperative Extension County specialists will be engaged as facilitators in establishing the pool of producers participating in the interview phase. Oklahoma Restaurant Association Board members and Agruity website founders will serve as facilitators in establishing the pool of interviewed restaurateurs. All interviews will be audio recorded, transcribed, and analyzed for recurring themes using NVivo software.

Progress 10/01/16 to 09/30/18

Outputs
Target Audience:The findings generated by this project may help different stakeholders in Oklahoma. First, Oklahoma ranchers and farmers benefited from the project outcomes as they start implementing practices that facilitate sourcing to restaurants. Local restaurateursalsowere able to take advantage of the best practices shared with them. The identified barriers to local sourcing guided Oklahoma governing agencies in the allocation of resources where most needed. Additionally, Oklahoma State University Extension Services were provided factsheet information pertinent to advancing local sourcing from farmer and ranchers to restaurants. Changes/Problems: Nothing Reported What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?The project has provided training opportunities for two graduate students in the School of Hospitality and Tourism Management. Participation in the project has allowed these students to gain insights into the complexities of local sourcing in Oklahoma as well as to advance their qualitative and quantitative research skills, which are being incorporated into the students' research publications. Graduate students completed an Oklahoma Department of Agriculture Food and Forestry grant writing workshop in February 2018. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?The findings of the study were transformed into a report and a one-page executive summary to serve as a foundation for developing guidelines to the key stakeholders. The findings were shared with Agritourism Working Group, Farm-to-Table Advisory Board, and participants of the ICHRIE, Palm Springs CA, 2018. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals? Nothing Reported

Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals? The initial step of reviewing existing literature to determine the gaps in previous studies of food systems regarding connections between local producers and restaurants was completed in year 1 and resulted in the development of the interview questions for the qualitative phase of the project. From this review, a set of initial interview questions were developed. The main phase of the project started as planned with a qualitative component involving individual interviews with Oklahoma ranchers/farmers and restaurateurs. Oklahoma Cooperative Extension County specialists, Oklahoma Department of Agriculture, Food, and Forestry, and the Oklahoma Restaurant Association were used as facilitators in establishing the pool of producers participating in the interview phase. Twenty interviews with ranchers/farmers and eighteen interviews with restaurateurs were conducted. The interview questions included inquiries about employed selling/purchasing practices and barriers and facilitators of farm-to-restaurant systems. The number of participants resulted from the saturation point when additional interviews stopped producing new knowledge. All interviews were audio recorded, transcribed, and analyzed for recurring themes. Consequently, we developed a survey questionnaire based on the set of barriers and facilitators identified from the interviews. The survey has been distributed electronically in an online format using Qualtrics software. The findings of the study were transformed into a report and a one-page executive summary to serve as a foundation for developing guidelines to the key stakeholders. The findings were shared with Agritourism Working Group, Farm-to-Table Advisory Board, and participants of the ICHRIE, Palm Springs CA, 2018.

Publications

  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: Slevitch, L., Zerman, S., & Tomas, S. (2018). Barriers and facilitators of farm-to-table sourcing from agriproducers to restaurants: Case of Oklahoma, USA. Annual European Council on Hotel Restaurant, and Institutional Education Conference Proceedings, 2018.


Progress 10/01/16 to 09/30/17

Outputs
Target Audience:The findings generated by this project may help different stakeholders in Oklahoma.First, Oklahoma ranchers and farmers may benefit from the project outcomes as they start implementing practices that facilitate sourcing to restaurants. Local restaurateurs would also be able to take advantage of the best practices shared with them. The identified barriers to local sourcing should guide Oklahoma governing agencies in allocation of resources where most needed. Additionally, Oklahoma State University Extension Services will be given factsheet information pertinent to advancing local sourcing from farmer and ranchers to restaurants. Changes/Problems:Survey data collection phase has taken longer period than anticipated due to lower than expected response rate. However, we still were able to generate sufficient number of responses. What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?The project has provided training opportunities for two graduate students in the School of Hospitality and Tourism Management. Participation in the project has allowed these students to gain insights into the complexities of local sourcing in Oklahoma as well as to advance their qualitative and quantitative research skills, which are being incorporated into the students' research publications. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest? Nothing Reported What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?We are approaching the last phase of the project: quantitative data analysis, reporting, and dissemination of results. Moving forward, we plan to finish survey data collection and analyze obtained information using statistical tools. We anticipate that the findings will be transformed into reports for the key stakeholders as well as presentations and publications to the academic community. The results will also be transformed into factsheets to be used through OSU Cooperative Extension.

Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals? Over the course of the current reporting period we have been progressing along the proposed project schedule. The initial step of reviewing existing literature to determine the gaps in previous studies of food systems regarding connections between local producers and restaurants have been completed and resulted in the development of the interview questions for the following qualitative phase of the project. From this review a set of initial interview questions will be developed. The main phase of the project started as planned with a qualitative component involving individual interviews with Oklahoma ranchers/farmers and restaurateurs. Oklahoma Cooperative Extension County specialists, Oklahoma Department of Agriculture, Food, and Forestry, and Oklahoma Restaurant Association were used as facilitators in establishing the pool of producers participating in the interview phase. Twentyinterviews with ranchers/farmers andeighteen interviews with restaurateurs were conducted. The interview questions included inquiries about employed selling/purchasing practices and barriers and facilitators of farm-to-restaurant systems. The number of participants resulted from the saturation point when additional interviews stopped producing new knowledge. All interviews were audio recorded, transcribed, and analyzed for recurring themes. Consequently, we developed a survey questionnaire based on the set of barriers and facilitators identified from the interviews. The survey has been distributed electronically in an on-line format using Qualtrics software. The survey data collection is currently under way. The findings are expected to serve as a foundation for developing guidelines to the key stakeholders.

Publications