Progress 04/08/16 to 03/31/21
Outputs
Target Audience:Nutritionists, veterinarians, animal scientists, professional students (veterinary medicine), undergraduate students (animal sciences and physiology), dairy producers, dairy employees. Changes/Problems:
Nothing Reported
What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?During the duration of this project we provided training for undergraduate students (>10 individuals), 4 postdoctoral fellows, 2 master students, 5 doctoral students. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?We have disseminated our findings at national scientific meetings including: American Dairy Science, American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Conference of Research Workers on Animal Diseases (CRWAD), American Association of Bovine Practitioners. We published our findings in peer reviewd journals including Journal of Dairy Science, Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology, Scientific Reports, PLoS One, Theriogenology. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?Our current and future work is building on our findings from this HATCH project. We are now determining how endotoxemia modulates the metabolic responses of adipose tissues and may increase the risk for metabolic diseases such as ketosis and fatty liver.
Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals?
A summary of the major findings for each objective from this project is included below. For each objective we provide the published articles that highlight the major results. For objective 1, results from our research demonstrated that lipolyisis during negative energy balance in dairy cows induces the synthesis of different modulators of inflammation. In particular we identified oxidized linoleic acid metabolites as possible mechanisms of insulin resistance development in adipocytes. a. Macrophages infiltrate the adipose tissue of dairy cows during periods excessive lipolysis such as the periparturient period, especially during metabolic diseases such as displaced abomasum and ketosis. Contreras GA, Kabara E, Brester J, Neuder L, Kiupel M.Macrophage infiltration in the omental and subcutaneous adipose tissues of dairy cows with displaced abomasum.J Dairy Sci.2015 Sep;98(9):6176-87.doi: 10.3168/jds.2015-9370.PubMed PMID: 26117355. b. Macrophage infiltraton occurs during periods of negative energy balance where lipolysis supplies energy. However, lipolysis intensity determines macrophage phenotype Contreras GA, Thelen K, Schmidt SE, Strieder-Barboza C, Preseault CL, Raphael W, Kiupel M, Caron J, Lock AL.Adipose tissue remodeling in late-lactation dairy cows during feed-restriction-induced negative energy balance.J Dairy Sci.2016 Dec;99(12):10009-10021.doi: 10.3168/jds.2016-11552.Epub 2016 Oct 5.PubMed PMID: 27720147. De Koster J, Strieder-Barboza C, de Souza J, Lock AL, Contreras GA.Short communication: Effects of body fat mobilization on macrophage infiltration in adipose tissue of early lactation dairy cows.J Dairy Sci.2018 Aug;101(8):7608-7613.doi: 10.3168/jds.2017-14318.Epub 2018 Jun 7.PubMed PMID: 29885887. For objective 2: We demonstrated that inhibiting lipolysis during beta adrenergic stimulation (mimicking a negative energy balance challenge) reduces the production of lipid mediators of inflammation and therefore macrophage infiltration. Contreras GA, De Koster J, de Souza J, Laguna J, Mavangira V, Nelli RK, Gandy J, Lock AL, Sordillo LM.Lipolysis modulates the biosynthesis of inflammatory lipid mediators derived from linoleic acid in adipose tissue of periparturient dairy cows.J Dairy Sci.2020 Feb;103(2):1944-1955.doi: 10.3168/jds.2019-17256.Epub 2019 Nov 20.PubMed PMID: 31759597. For objective 3, we identified Fetuin A as a major biomarker of lipolysis intensity (as a negative acute phase protein) and that this protein enhances lipogenesis, counteracting the deletereous effect of lipolysis in adipose tissues Strieder-Barboza C, de Souza J, Raphael W, Lock AL, Contreras GA.Fetuin-A: A negative acute-phase protein linked to adipose tissue function in periparturient dairy cows.J Dairy Sci.2018 Mar;101(3):2602-2616.doi: 10.3168/jds.2017-13644.Epub 2017 Dec 21.PubMed PMID: 29274966. Strieder-Barboza C, Contreras GA.Fetuin-A modulates lipid mobilization in bovine adipose tissue by enhancing lipogenic activity of adipocytes.J Dairy Sci.2019 May;102(5):4628-4638.doi: 10.3168/jds.2018-15808.Epub 2019 Mar 1.PubMed PMID: 30827564.
Publications
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2021
Citation:
Abou-Rjeileh U, Contreras GA. Redox Regulation of Lipid Mobilization in Adipose Tissues. Antioxidants (Basel). 2021 Jul 7;10(7). doi: 10.3390/antiox10071090. Review. PubMed PMID: 34356323; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC8301038.
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2021
Citation:
Myers MN, Zachut M, Tam J, Contreras GA. A proposed modulatory role of the endocannabinoid system on adipose tissue metabolism and appetite in periparturient dairy cows. J Anim Sci Biotechnol. 2021 Mar 5;12(1):21. doi: 10.1186/s40104-021-00549-3. Review. PubMed PMID: 33663611; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC7934391.
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2021
Citation:
Putman AK, Contreras GA, Sordillo LM. Isoprostanes in Veterinary Medicine: Beyond a Biomarker. Antioxidants (Basel). 2021 Jan 20;10(2). doi: 10.3390/antiox10020145. Review. PubMed PMID: 33498324; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC7909258.
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2020
Citation:
Salcedo-Tacuma D, Parales-Giron J, Prom C, Chirivi M, Laguna J, Lock AL, Contreras GA. Transcriptomic profiling of adipose tissue inflammation, remodeling, and lipid metabolism in periparturient dairy cows (Bos taurus). BMC Genomics. 2020 Nov 23;21(1):824. doi: 10.1186/s12864-020-07235-0. PubMed PMID: 33228532; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC7686742.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2020
Citation:
Salcedo-Tacuma D, Parales-Giron J, Prom C, Chirivi M, Laguna J, Lock AL, Contreras GA. Effect of parturition and lactation on adipose tissue transcriptomic profiles in dairy cows. CRWAD 2020. 349-pp252
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2020
Citation:
Chirivi M, Myers MN, Rendon CJ, Runin M, Contreras GA. Endotoxin enhances lipolytic responses and impairs insulin sensitivity in bovine adipose tissue. CRWAD 2020. 273-pp182.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2021
Citation:
Kra G., Moallem U, Kocvarov� R, Nemirovski A, Tam J, Contreras GA, Zachut M. Effects of peripartum omega-3 fatty acid supplementation on endocannabinoid tone and inflammation in liver of dairy cows. American Dairy Science Association Annual Meeting, July 11-14, 2021, P265
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2021
Citation:
Chirivi M, Myers MN, Rendon CJ, Runin Max, Contreras GA. Lipopolysaccharide induces lipolysis and insulin resistance in adipose tissue from dairy cows. American Dairy Science Association Annual Meeting, July 11-14, 2021 285
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2021
Citation:
Contreras GA. Oxidative stress in the adipose tissue: Magnifying the risk for periparturient disease. Animal Health Symposium: Adipose Tissue in Transition Dairy Cows as an Integrator of Metabolic and Inflammatory Cues in Health and Disease. American Dairy Science Association Annual Meeting, July 11-14, 2021, S121
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2021
Citation:
Myers MN, Rendon CJ, Zachut M, Tam J, Contreras GA. Adipogenesis and lipogenesis are modulated by cannabinoids in dairy cows. American Dairy Science Association Annual Meeting, July 11-14, 2021, SC138
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2021
Citation:
Abou-Rjeileh U, Lock AL, Contreras GA. Palmitic and oleic acids modulate lipogenesis in dairy cow adipocytes. American Dairy Science Association Annual Meeting, July 11-14, 2021, 264
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2021
Citation:
Abou-Rjeileh U, Chirivi M, Giron JP, Lock AL, Zachut M, Tam J, Contreras GA. Cannabinoids and adipose tissue lipolysis in periparturient dairy cows. American Dairy Science Association Annual Meeting, July 11-14, 2021 284
|
Progress 10/01/19 to 09/30/20
Outputs
Target Audience:Nutritionists, veterinarians, animal scientists, professional students (veterinary medicine), undergraduate students (animal sciences and physiology), dairy producers, dairy employees. Changes/Problems:
Nothing Reported
What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?Graduate Students: Miguel Chirivi, started in the laboratory evaluating the effects of inflammatory agents such as LPS on lipolytic responses and macrophage infiltration in adipose tissues. Madison Smith, started in the laboratory as PhD student working on the effects of a recently described product of lipolysis, endocannabionoids, and how these affect the metabolic function of adipocytes. Ursula Abourjeileh. Started in the laboratory as PhD student working on the role that oleic acid may play as promoter of adipogenesis and lipogenesis and as inhibitor of lipolysis in periparturient cows. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?Results of experiments performed during the development of objectives 1, 2, and 3 were presented as abstracts in the CRWAD 2019 meeting and at the 2020 ACVIM Forum on demand of the American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?This is the last year of the project. We are preparing the last set of publications. We are also developing a new proposal based on findings from the present project.
Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals?
Objective 1. Determine the mechanisms by which adipose tissue macrophage proinflammatory polarization during lipolysis reduces bovine adipocyte insulin sensitivity. We determmined that lipolysis induces the biosynthesis of specific oxidized linoleic acid metabolites that can alter the phenotype of adipose tissue macrophages and could impair insulin sensitivity of adipocytes. See publicatoin: Contreras GA, P†De Koster J, *2de Souza J, P†Laguna J, Mavangira V, P†Nelli RK, Gandy J, Lock AL, Sordillo LM. Lipolysis modulates the biosynthesis of inflammatory lipid mediators derived from linoleic acid in adipose tissue of periparturient dairy cows. J Dairy Sci. 2020 Feb;103(2):1944-1955. doi: 10.3168/jds.2019-17256. PubMed PMID: 31759597 Objective 2. To assess the impact of lipolysis inhibition during negative energy balance in dairy cows on adipose tissue macrophage infiltration and inflammatory phenotype, and adipocyte insulin sensitivity. We evaluated the effects of the lipolysis inhibitor and lipogenesis promotor, oleic acid on preadipocytes in vitro. We determined that supplementing oleic acid in combination with palmitic acid increase the lipogenesis efficiency of preadipocytes. 3. To identify specific biomarkers of adipose tissue insulin resistance and adipose tissue macrophage infiltration for use in dairy cows during the dry period and early lactation. We characterized oxidized linoleic acid metabolites as producs of lipolysis and determined that 10 and 12-HODEs are preferentially produced during oxidative stress making them good candidates for biomarkers. See publicatoin: Contreras GA, P†De Koster J, *2de Souza J, P†Laguna J, Mavangira V, P†Nelli RK, Gandy J, Lock AL, Sordillo LM. Lipolysis modulates the biosynthesis of inflammatory lipid mediators derived from linoleic acid in adipose tissue of periparturient dairy cows. J Dairy Sci. 2020 Feb;103(2):1944-1955. doi: 10.3168/jds.2019-17256. PubMed PMID: 31759597
Publications
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2020
Citation:
Andres Contreras G, De Koster J, de Souza J, Laguna J, Mavangira V, Nelli RK, Gandy J, Lock AL, Sordillo LM. Lipolysis modulates the biosynthesis of inflammatory lipid mediators derived from linoleic acid in adipose tissue of periparturient dairy cows. J Dairy Sci. 2020 Feb;103(2):1944-1955.
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2020
Citation:
Albornoz RI, Sordillo LM, Contreras GA, Nelli R, Mamedova LK, Bradford BJ, Allen MS. Diet starch concentration and starch fermentability affect markers of inflammatory response and oxidant status in dairy cows during the early postpartum period. J Dairy Sci. 2020 Jan;103(1):352-367.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2020
Citation:
Contreras GA. Evaluating and Modulating Adipose Tissue Function in Periparturient Cows. State of the Art Sessions. American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine 2020 Forum On Demand.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2020
Citation:
Contreras GA. Adipose Tissue as an Integrator of Metabolic and Inflammatory Signals in the Periparturient Cow. State of the Art Sessions. American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine 2020 Forum On Demand.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2019
Citation:
Chirivi M, Parales JE, Laguna J, Worden L, Prom C, Lock AL, Contreras GA. LPS enhances lipolytic responses and reduces insulin sensitivity in adipose tissue from transition dairy cows. Conference of Research Workers in Animal Diseases. Nov 2-5, 2019, Chicago IL, PP 204
|
Progress 10/01/18 to 09/30/19
Outputs
Target Audience:Nutritionists, veterinarians, animal scientists, professional students (veterinary medicine), undergraduate students (animal sciences and physiology), dairy producers, dairy employees. Changes/Problems:
Nothing Reported
What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?Postdoctoral scientists: Juliana Laguna worked during 2018 and part of 2019 on subcutaneous adipose tissue bulk RNAseq experiments in cows that were abomasally infused with the lipogenic agent oleic acid Graduate Students: A new graduate student, Miguel Chirivi, started in the laboratory evaluating the effects of inflammatory agents such as LPS on lipolytic responses and macrophage infiltration in adipose tissues. Undergraduate Students: Madison Smith and Ursula Abourjeileh. Their training was focused on adipocyte culture techniques. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?Preliminary results of experiments performed during the development of objectives 1, 2, and 3 were presented as abstracts in ADSA national meeting 2019 at Cincinnatti OH and at the 35th Discover Conference 2018, Ithasca IL. Two articles were published in the Journal of Dairy Science. A lay article appeared in Progressive Dairyman.https://www.progressivedairy.com/topics/herd-health/assessing-fat-mobilization-and-inflammation-in-transition-cows What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?Objective 1. We will evaluate the effects of lipogenic agents such as oleic acid on the infiltration and polarization of macrophages in adipose tissue of dairy cows Objective 2, We continue developing a model for chronic lipolysis in adipose tissue and will evaluate the effect of reducing lipolytic activity in this model. Objective 3. We will continue to assess the validity of linoleic acid metabolites (HODEs), osteopontin, and Fetuin A as biomarkers of adipose tissue function in periparturient cows.
Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals?
Objective 1. Determine the mechanisms by which adipose tissue macrophage proinflammatory polarization during lipolysis reduces bovine adipocyte insulin sensitivity. We determine the role of the acute phase protein Fetuin A in the activation of lipogenesis in dairy cows's adipose tissue. As lipogenesis increases, macrophage infiltration is reduced. Therefore, high plasma concentrations of Fetuin-A may protect the dairy cow from excessive lipolysis and inflammation in adipose tissue. See publication: J Dairy Sci. 2019 May;102(5):4628-4638. doi: 10.3168/jds.2018-15808. Objective 2. To assess the impact of lipolysis inhibition during negative energy balance in dairy cows on adipose tissue macrophage infiltration and inflammatory phenotype, and adipocyte insulin sensitivity. We evaluated the effects of infusing abomasally the lipogeneisis promotor, and therefore lipolysis inhibitor, oleic acid on the transcriptome of subcutaneous adipose tissue during the periparturient period. Preliminary results were reported at ADSA annual meeting in Cincinnati OH 2019, see abstract W125. 3. To identify specific biomarkers of adipose tissue insulin resistance and adipose tissue macrophage infiltration for use in dairy cows during the dry period and early lactation. We continue to characterize HODEs (hydroxyl-octadecadienoic acids) as markers of adipose tissue function. We are currently exploring HODEs effects on preadipocyte adipogenesis and lipogenesis.
Publications
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2019
Citation:
Strieder-Barboza C, Contreras GA. Fetuin-A modulates lipid mobilization in bovine adipose tissue by enhancing lipogenic activity of adipocytes. J Dairy Sci. 2019 May;102(5):4628-4638. doi: 10.3168/jds.2018-15808. Epub 2019 Mar 1. PubMed PMID: 30827564.
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2019
Citation:
Strieder-Barboza C, Thompson E, Thelen K, Contreras GA. Technical note: Bovine adipocyte and preadipocyte co-culture as an efficient adipogenic model. J Dairy Sci. 2019 Apr;102(4):3622-3629. doi: 10.3168/jds.2018-15626. Epub 2019 Feb 14. PubMed PMID: 30772027.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2019
Citation:
Geldersma J, Laguna J, Lock AL, Contreras GA. Lipogenic effects of trans-10,cis-12 and cis-9,trans-11 conjugated linoleic acids on 3D cultured omental and subcutaneous. American Dairy Science Association Annual Meeting, June 23-26, 2019,Cincinnati,OH. W80
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2019
Citation:
Laguna J, Chirivi M, Prom C, Lock AL, Contreras GA. Oleic acid supplementation alters adipose tissue lipolytic responses and insulin sensitivity in early-lactation dairy cows. American Dairy Science Association Annual Meeting, June 23-26, 2019,Cincinnati,OH. W125
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2018
Citation:
Contreras GA. Periparturient Energy Homeorrhesis Excessive Lipolysis and Immune Function. Effects of Stress on Health and Production in Dairy Cows. 35th ADSA Discover Conference. October 29-November 1, 2018. Eaglewood Resort and Spa, Itasca, IL.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2019
Citation:
Contreras GA. Lipid mobilization and inflammation during the transition period. Florida Ruminant Nutrition Symposium. Gainesville, FL, Feb 4-6 2019.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2019
Citation:
Chirivi M, Laguna J, Worden L, Prom C, Lock AL, Contreras GA. Lipopolysaccharide induces lipolysis and reduces insulin sensitivity in subcutaneous adipose tissue from transition dairy cows. American Dairy Science Association Annual Meeting, June 23-26, 2019,Cincinnati,OH. T106
|
Progress 10/01/17 to 09/30/18
Outputs
Target Audience:Nutritionists, veterinarians, animal scientists, professional students (veterinary medicine), undergraduate students (animal sciences and physiology), dairy producers, dairy employees Changes/Problems:
Nothing Reported
What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?Postdoctoral scientists: Rahul Nelli BVSc & AH, MVM, PhD. worked during 2017 and part of 2018 on coculture experiments (macrophage/adipocytes) and on the characterization of the response of adipose tissue macrophages to inhibitors of hormone sensitive lipase activity Jenne De Koster, DVM, PhD. worked during 2017 on in vivo and ex vivo experiments that asessed the effect of inhibiting hormone sensitive lipase on adipose tissue insulin sensitivity and net NEFA release in periparturient cows. Graduate Students: Clarissa Streider Barboza obtained her PhD degree on a project that advance the major goals of this project by providing data on the role of the lipogenic acute phase protein Fetuin A. Undergraduate Students: Josh Geldersma and Madison Smith. Their training was focused on cell culture techniques. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?Preliminary results of experiments performed during the development of objectives 1 and 2 were presented as abstracts in national meetings. Five articles were published in the journals of highest impact factor in dairy science. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?Objective 1. We will continue evaluating the role of lipolytic products on the polarization of macrophages in adipose tissue of dairy cows Objective 2, We are developing a model for chronic lipolysis in adipose tissue and will evaluate the effect of reducing lipolytic activity in this model. Objective 3. We will continue to assess the validity of linoleic acid metabolites, osteopontin, and Fetuin A as biomarkers of adipose tissue function in periparturient cows
Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals?
Objective 1. Determine the mechanisms by which adipose tissue macrophage proinflammatory polarization during lipolysis reduces bovine adipocyte insulin sensitivity. a. We determined the contribution of hormone sensitive lipase to lipolysis during the periparturient period. This is important as modulating the activity of this enzyme could reduce the proinflammatory polarization of macrophages, major drivers of unregulated lipolysis. b. We developed a novel hypothesis proposing that lipolysis dysregulation and abnormal adipose tissue inflammation, including macrophage infiltration and polarization, become connected through the actions of linoleic acid metabolites called HODEs (hydroxyl-octadecadienoic acids). HODEs are highly bioactive oxylipids that are synthesized enzymatically and nonenzymatically from the linoleic acid released during lipolysis. Our data strongly indicate that A) lipolysis is associated with plasma and AT content of HODEs and their substrate, linoleic acid; and B) HODEs are powerful modulators of macrophages' inflammatory phenotype. Objective 2. To assess the impact of lipolysis inhibition during negative energy balance in dairy cows on adipose tissue macrophage infiltration and inflammatory phenotype, and adipocyte insulin sensitivity. a. We evaluated the effect of inhibiting hormone sensitive lipase activity on the production of the highly proinflammatory lipolytic products derived from linoleic acid HODEs. Objective 3. To identify specific biomarkers of adipose tissue insulin resistance and adipose tissue macrophage infiltration for use in dairy cows during the dry period and early lactation. a. We identified some HODEs as possible biomarkers of excessive lipolysis and adipose tissue macrophage polarization.
Publications
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2018
Citation:
De Koster J, Nelli RK, Strieder-Barboza C, de Souza J, Lock AL, Contreras GA. The contribution of hormone sensitive lipase to adipose tissue lipolysis and its regulation by insulin in periparturient dairy cows. American Dairy Science Association Annual Meeting, June 24-27, 2018, Knoxville, TN. M188
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2018
Citation:
Nelli R, Raphael W, Strieder-Barboza C, de Souza J, De Koster J, Roberts J, Lock AL, Contreras GA. The phenotype of caruncle macrophages is associated with retained placenta in dairy cows. American Dairy Science Association Annual Meeting, June 24-27, 2018, Knoxville, TN. T209
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2018
Citation:
Contreras GA, LaTendresse S, Strieder-Barboza C, de Souza J, De Koster J, Lock AL. Oxidized Linoleic acid metabolites modulate lipolysis and lipogenesis in adipocytes. Keystone Symposia meeting on Bioenergetics and Metabolic Disease, pp 43, January 21-25, 2018. Keystone Resort Colorado.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2018
Citation:
Strieder-Barboza C, Thompson E, Thelen K, Contreras GA. In vitro adipogenic differentiation of subcutaneous primary bovine preadipocytes: A coculture model. American Dairy Science Association Annual Meeting, June 24-27, 2018, Knoxville, TN. T174.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2018
Citation:
Myers WA, Rico JE, Rico DE, Zeng Q, de Souza J, Lock AL, Chouinard PY, Contreras GA, Gervais R, McFadden JW. The relationship between circulating ceramides, plasma fatty acids, and adipose tissue measures of inflammation and lipolysis. American Dairy Science Association Annual Meeting, June 24-27, 2018, Knoxville, TN. M275.
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2018
Citation:
De Koster J, Nelli RK, Strieder-Barboza C, de Souza J, Lock AL, Contreras GA. The contribution of hormone sensitive lipase to adipose tissue lipolysis and its regulation by insulin in periparturient dairy cows. Scientific Reports. Scientific reports. 2018; 8(1):13378.
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2018
Citation:
De Koster J, Strieder-Barboza C, de Souza J, Lock AL, Contreras GA.Short communication: Effects of body fat mobilization on macrophage infiltration in adipose tissue of early lactation dairy cows. Journal of dairy science. 2018; 101(8):7608-7613.
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2018
Citation:
Depreester E, De Koster J, Van Poucke M, Hostens M, Van den Broeck W, Peelman L, Contreras GA, Opsomer G. Influence of adipocyte size and adipose depot on the number of adipose tissue macrophages and the expression of adipokines in dairy cows at the end of pregnancy. Journal of dairy science. 2018; 101(7):6542-6555.
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2018
Citation:
Strieder-Barboza C, de Souza J, Raphael W, Lock AL, Contreras GA. Fetuin-A: A negative acute-phase protein linked to adipose tissue function in periparturient dairy cows. Journal of dairy science. 2018; 101(3):2602-2616.
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2017
Citation:
Contreras GA, Strieder-Barboza C, de Souza J, Gandy J, Mavangira V, Lock AL, Sordillo LM. Periparturient lipolysis and oxylipid biosynthesis in bovine adipose tissues. PloS one. 2017; 12(12):e0188621.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2018
Citation:
Contreras GA, Strieder-Barboza C, de Souza J, Gandy J, Nelli RK, De Koster J, Lock AL, Sordillo LM. Hormone sensitive lipase activity modulates the biosynthesis of oxidized linoleic acid metabolites in adipose tissue of periparturient dairy cows. American Dairy Science Association Annual Meeting, June 24-27, 2018, Knoxville, TN. 423
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2018
Citation:
Thompson E, Strieder-Barboza C, de Souza J, Nelli RK., De Koster J., Lock AL, Contreras GA. Osteopontin expression dynamics link macrophage infiltration and lipolysis intensity in adipose tissues of periparturient cows. American Dairy Science Association Annual Meeting, June 24-27, 2018, Knoxville, TN. M191.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2018
Citation:
Contreras GA, LaTendresse S, De Koster J., Strieder-Barboza C, de Souza J, Lock AL. The oxidized linoleic acid metabolite 13-hydroxyoctadecadienoic acid modulates lipolysis in bovine adipose tissue and adipocytes. American Dairy Science Association Annual Meeting, June 24-27, 2018, Knoxville, TN. M189.
|
Progress 10/01/16 to 09/30/17
Outputs
Target Audience:Nutritionists, veterinarians, animal scientists, professional students (veterinary medicine), undergraduate students (animal sciences and physiology), dairy producers, dairy employees Changes/Problems:
Nothing Reported
What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?Postdoctoral scientists: W. Raphael BVSc, MS, PhD. Worked in the project from March 2015 until July 2016. Dr. Raphael conducted the monocyte macrophage experiments developing isolation and polarization protocols. Rahul Nelli BVSc & AH, MVM, PhD. was hired in November 2016. Dr. Nelli is completing coculture experiments (macrophage/adipocytes). Jenne De Koster, DVM, PhD. was hired in January 2017. Dr. De Koster work focuses on in vivo studies evaluating adipose tissue remodeling and lipolysis inhibition. Graduate Students: Clarissa Streider Barboza (PhD candidate) and Kyan Thelen (Masters candidate). Students were trained on qPCR, flow cytometry, ELISA, and Western blotting techniques. Their dissertation and thesis research objectives will support in part the development of the major goals of this project. Professional Student: Sarah Hammar (DVM candidate). Sarah is being trained in surgical procedures for adipose tissue collection and in evaluation of lipolytic responses in adipocytes and adipose tissue explants. Undergraduate Students: Connor Lewick and Whitney James. Their training was focused on cell culture techniques. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?Preliminary results of experiments performed during the development of objectives 1 and 2 were presented as abstracts in national meetings. Two articles were published in the journals of highest impact factor in dairy science. Contreras GA, Strieder-Barboza C, Raphael W. Adipose tissue lipolysis and remodeling during the transition period of dairy cows. J Anim Sci Biotechnol. 2017 May 5;8:41. doi: 10.1186/s40104-017-0174-4. eCollection 2017. Review. PubMed PMID: 28484594; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC5420123. Contreras GA, Thelen K, Schmidt SE, Strieder-Barboza C, Preseault CL, Raphael W, Kiupel M, Caron J, Lock AL. Adipose tissue remodeling in late-lactation dairy cows during feed-restriction-induced negative energy balance. J Dairy Sci. 2016 Dec;99(12):10009-10021. doi: 10.3168/jds.2016-11552. Epub 2016 Oct 5. PubMed PMID: 27720147. Contreras GA, Strieder-Barboza C, De Koster J. Modulating adipose tissue lipolysis and remodeling to improve immune function during the transition period and early lactation of dairy cows. J Dairy Sci. 2017 Accepted for publication Contreras GA. Modulating adipose tissue lipolysis and remodeling to improve immune function during the transition period and early lactation of dairy cows. American Dairy Science Annual Meeting, 2017, Pittsburgh, PA. In Press Prom CM, Worden LC, Schmidt SE, Thelen KM, Contreras GA, Lock AL.Impact of feed restriction-induced negative energy balance on the fatty acid profile of liver lipid fractions of dairy cows. American Dairy Science Annual Meeting, 2017, Pittsburgh, PA. In Press Strieder-Barboza C, de Souza J, Lock AL, Contreras GA. Fetuin-A as a marker of adipose tissue function in transition dairy cows. American Dairy Science Annual Meeting, 2017, Pittsburgh, PA. In Press Contreras GA, Strieder-Barboza C, Thelen K, de Souza J, De Koster J, Lock AL. Adipose tissue remodeling in transition dairy cows is affected by body condition score and lipolysis intensity. American Dairy Science Annual Meeting, 2017, Pittsburgh, PA. In Press de Souza J, Strieder-Barboza C, Eerdun H, Contreras GA, Lock AL. Altering the ratio of dietary C16:0 and cis-9 C18:1 modifies the fatty acid profile of plasma lipid fractions and adipose tissue. American Dairy Science Annual Meeting, 2017, Pittsburgh, PA. In Press de Souza J, Strieder-Barboza C, Contreras GA, Lock AL. C16:0 supplementation alters markers of adipose tissue lipolysis and inflammation in early lactation dairy cows. American Dairy Science Annual Meeting, 2017, Pittsburgh, PA. In Press Contreras GA, Strieder-Barboza C, de Souza J, Gandy J, Lock AL, Sordillo LM. The effect of body condition score and lipolysis intensity on the biosynthesis of oxylipids in periparturient dairy cows. American Dairy Science Annual Meeting, 2017, Pittsburgh, PA. In Press De Koster J, Strieder-Barboza C, de Souza J, James W, Lock AL, Contreras GA.Periparturient disease affects macrophage infiltration in subcutaneous adipose tissue of early lactation dairy cows. American Dairy Science Annual Meeting, 2017, Pittsburgh, PA. In Press Contreras GA, Raphael W. Nonesterified fatty acids induce proinflammatory macrophage phenotype. American Dairy Science Annual Meeting, 2017, Pittsburgh, PA. In Press Strieder-Barboza C, de Souza J, Lock AL, Contreras GA.Effect of Prepartum Adiposity and Lipolysis on Gestational and Postnatal Adipose Tissue Inflammation and Immune Cell Infiltration. The FASEB Journal 31 (1 Supplement), 964.1-964.1 Contreras GA, Strieder-Barboza C, de Souza J, Gandy J, Lock AL, Sordillo LM. The Effect of Prepartum Adiposity and Lipolysis on Gestational and Postnatal Oxylipids Biosynthesis. The FASEB Journal 31 (1 Supplement), lb316-lb316 What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?Objective 1. Coculture (adipocytes/macrophage) experiments will be finalized Objective 2, Analysis of data from experiments on lipolysis modulation in 2 cohorts of transiton dairy cows Objective 3. Validation of adipose tissue function biomarkers that were identified in samples from cohorts from objective 2
Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals?
Objective 1. Determine the mechanisms by which adipose tissue macrophage proinflammatory polarization during lipolysis reduces bovine adipocyte insulin sensitivity. a. Optimization of adipocyte culture protocol. We have improved standard adipogenic protocols by supplementing a free fatty acid mixture to adipocytes under differentiation. This mixture mimics the composition of the NEFA fraction in plasma from dairy cows during the first week of lactation. With this improved protocol, we obtain adipocytes that have a very similar fatty acid composition to that of adipose tissues in vivo. This assures that the coculture experiments (adipocyte/macrophage) in this specific aim will replicate in vivo conditions very closely. b. Optimization of flow cytometry protocol for bovine macrophages. By using antibodies against surface markers CD14, CD16, CD38, CD163, and CD206 and intracelluar protein CD68 we are able to characterize polarization towards M1 or M2 phenotype in macrophages cultured in vitro or isolated from stromal vascular cells harvested from adipose tissues. This protocol will assure an adequate characterization of macrophage phenotype in the coculture experiments proposed in this specific aim. c. Fatty acid uptake assay. Lipid uptake by adipocytes is reduced by insulin signaling dysregulation. To evaluate adipocyte function during coculture with ATM, we adpated a fatty acid uptake assay used in adipocytes from monogastric species. This assay uses a fluorescently tagged fatty acid that emits light when is incorporated into the cell. Optimization of the protocol required fine tuning of cell seeding density, serum deprivation, and passage of the celld prior to performing the assay. 2. To assess the impact of lipolysis inhibition during negative energy balance in dairy cows on adipose tissue macrophage infiltration and inflammatory phenotype, and adipocyte insulin sensitivity. a. We performed an experiment with 22 transition dairy cows that were fed a blend of fatty acids to reduce lipolysis postpartum. We collected adipose tissue and blood samples at dry-off, close-up, early lactation, and pre peak. Response to insulin stimuli during acute stimuilation with a beta adrenergic agonist in adipose tissue explants was assessed to determine the impact of minimizing lipolysis on insulin sensitivity. 3. To identify specific biomarkers of adipose tissue insulin resistance and adipose tissue macrophage infiltration for use in dairy cows during the dry period and early lactation. a. From experiments in 2 cohorts of transtion dairy cows, we identified a novel set of AT metabolic function biomarkers that reflect lipolysis activity, macrophage infiltration, and the capacity of AT to buffer mobilized NEFA. Although currently used transition cow performance biomarkers such as body condition scoring, plasma NEFA and beta-hydroxybutyrate adequately quantify lipolysis, they lack specificity regarding AT function, are poor lactation performance predictors, and are retrospective in nature. We are hypothesizing that transition period plasma levels of osteopontin, Fetuin-A, and lauric, myristic, and palmitoleic acids have better risk prediction value for lactation performance and periparturient disease than NEFA and BHB.
Publications
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2016
Citation:
Contreras GA, Thelen K, Schmidt SE, Strieder-Barboza C, Preseault CL, Raphael W, Kiupel M, Caron J, Lock AL.
Adipose tissue remodeling in late-lactation dairy cows during feed-restriction-induced negative energy balance. J Dairy
Sci. 2016 Dec;99(12):10009-10021. doi: 10.3168/jds.2016-11552. PubMed PMID: 27720147
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2017
Citation:
Contreras GA, Strieder-Barboza C, Raphael W. Adipose tissue lipolysis and remodeling during the transition period of dairy cows. J Anim Sci Biotechnol. 2017 May 5;8:41. doi: 10.1186/s40104-017-0174-4. eCollection 2017. Review. PubMed PMID: 28484594; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC5420123.
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Accepted
Year Published:
2017
Citation:
Contreras GA, Strieder-Barboza C, De Koster J. Modulating adipose tissue lipolysis and remodeling to improve immune function during the transition period and early lactation of dairy cows. J Dairy Sci. 2017 Accepted for publication
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Awaiting Publication
Year Published:
2017
Citation:
Contreras GA. Modulating adipose tissue lipolysis and remodeling to improve immune function during the transition period and early lactation of dairy cows. American Dairy Science Annual Meeting, 2017, Pittsburgh, PA. In Press
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Awaiting Publication
Year Published:
2017
Citation:
Prom CM, Worden LC, Schmidt SE, Thelen KM, Contreras GA, Lock AL.Impact of feed restriction-induced negative energy balance on the fatty acid profile of liver lipid fractions of dairy cows. American Dairy Science Annual Meeting, 2017, Pittsburgh, PA. In Press
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Awaiting Publication
Year Published:
2017
Citation:
Strieder-Barboza C, de Souza J, Lock AL, Contreras GA. Fetuin-A as a marker of adipose tissue function in transition dairy cows. American Dairy Science Annual Meeting, 2017, Pittsburgh, PA. In Press
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Awaiting Publication
Year Published:
2017
Citation:
Contreras GA, Strieder-Barboza C, Thelen K, de Souza J, De Koster J, Lock AL. Adipose tissue remodeling in transition dairy cows is affected by body condition score and lipolysis intensity. American Dairy Science Annual Meeting, 2017, Pittsburgh, PA. In Press
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Awaiting Publication
Year Published:
2017
Citation:
de Souza J, Strieder-Barboza C, Eerdun H, Contreras GA, Lock AL. Altering the ratio of dietary C16:0 and cis-9 C18:1 modifies the fatty acid profile of plasma lipid fractions and adipose tissue. American Dairy Science Annual Meeting, 2017, Pittsburgh, PA. In Press
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Awaiting Publication
Year Published:
2017
Citation:
de Souza J, Strieder-Barboza C, Contreras GA, Lock AL. C16:0 supplementation alters markers of adipose tissue lipolysis and
inflammation in early lactation dairy cows. American Dairy Science Annual Meeting, 2017, Pittsburgh, PA. In Press
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Awaiting Publication
Year Published:
2017
Citation:
Contreras GA, Strieder-Barboza C, de Souza J, Gandy J, Lock AL, Sordillo LM. The effect of body condition score and lipolysis intensity on the biosynthesis of oxylipids in periparturient dairy cows. American Dairy Science Annual Meeting, 2017, Pittsburgh, PA. In Press
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Awaiting Publication
Year Published:
2017
Citation:
De Koster J, Strieder-Barboza C, de Souza J, James W, Lock AL, Contreras GA.Periparturient disease affects macrophage infiltration in subcutaneous adipose tissue of early lactation dairy cows. American Dairy Science Annual Meeting, 2017, Pittsburgh, PA. In Press
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Awaiting Publication
Year Published:
2017
Citation:
Contreras GA, Raphael W. Nonesterified fatty acids induce proinflammatory macrophage phenotype. American Dairy Science Annual Meeting, 2017, Pittsburgh, PA. In Press
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2017
Citation:
Strieder-Barboza C, de Souza J, Lock AL, Contreras GA.Effect of Prepartum Adiposity and Lipolysis on Gestational and Postnatal Adipose Tissue Inflammation and Immune Cell Infiltration. The FASEB Journal 31 (1 Supplement), 964.1-964.1
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2017
Citation:
Contreras GA, Strieder-Barboza C, de Souza J, Gandy J, Lock AL, Sordillo LM. The Effect of Prepartum Adiposity and Lipolysis on Gestational and Postnatal Oxylipids Biosynthesis. The FASEB Journal 31 (1 Supplement), lb316-lb316
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Progress 04/08/16 to 09/30/16
Outputs
Target Audience:Target audiences: Nutritionists, veterinarians, animal scientists, professional students (veterinary medicine), and undergraduate students (animal sciences and physiology). Changes/Problems:
Nothing Reported
What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?Postdoctoral scientist: W. Raphael BVSc, MS, PhD. conducted the monocyte / macrophage experiments. Graduate Students: Clarissa Streider Barboza (PhD candidate) and Kyan Thelen (Masters candidate). Students were trained on qPCR, flow cytometry, ELISA, and Western blotting techniques. Their dissertation and thesis research objectives will support in part the development of the major goals of this project. Undergraduate Students: Nahid Baghdali and Connor Lewick. their training was focused on cell culture techniques. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?Preliminary results of experiments performed during the development of objectives 1, 2, and 3 were presented as abstracts in national meetings. A manuscript was accepted for publication in Journal of Dairy Science. 1. Contreras G, Thelen K, Schmidt S, Strieder-Barboza C, Preseault C, Raphael R, Kiupel M, Caron J, Lock A: Adipose tissue remodeling in late-lactation dairy cows during feed restriction-induced negative energy balance. J Dairy Sci 2016, In Press. 2. Raphael W, Contreras GA. Bovine macrophage phenotype influences inflammatory response to lipopolysaccharide. Joint Annual Meeting ADSA, 2016, Salt Lake City, UT. In Press 3. Strieder-Barboza C, Raphael W, Schmidt SE, Lock AL, Sordillo LM, Contreras GA. Fetuin-A: A novel biomarker for lipolysis-induced metabolic stress in transition dairy cows. Joint Annual Meeting ADSA, 2016, Salt Lake City, UT. In Press What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?Objective 1. Having defined the phenotypes of classical and alternative macrophages, the next logical set of experiments will evaluate potential effects that macrophages and adipocytes have on each other during the transition period. To emulate in vivo transition cow conditions, macrophages will be cultured in media conditioned to adipocytes undergoing lipolysis. The impact of adipocyte lipolysis on macrophage phenotype will be measured by qPCR, flow cytometry, and Western blot. Based on our recent published results, we expect lipolysis to polarize macrophage phenotype similar to classical phenotype macrophages stimulated with interferon-gamma. The final experiments for objective 1 will measure non-esterified fatty acid release from cultured adipocytes in response to polarized macrophages, and the impact of insulin on macrophage-induced lipolysis. Objective 2. Using the minimally invasive techniques developed during the first reporting period, we plan to evaluate key markers of adipose tissue remodeling at the gene, protein, and functional level in transition dairy cows. Objective 3. We have identified Fetuin-A as a possible biomarker for lipolysis-induced metabolic stress. During the next reporting periond we plan to determine some of the mechanisms by which Fetuin-A alters adipose tissue funcion and therefore support the use of this protein as biomarker. We will use a reductionistic approach for this utilizing primary adipocyte tissue culture techniques.
Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals?
Objective 1: Determine the mechanisms by which adipose tissue macrophage proinflammatory polarization during lipolysis reduces bovine adipocyte insulin sensitivity 1. Major activities completed / experiments conducted Protocols were developed for monocyte isolation from whole blood of cows, and differentiation of monocytes in vitro into classical and alternative phenotype macrophages. Several features of the in vitro culture system were evaluated in order to optimize monocyte differentiation, including plate adhesion, duration of culture, and growth media composition. At the same time, methods were developed for successful isolation of pre-adipocytes from stromal vascular cells in bovine adipose tissue and differentiation of pre-adipocytes into adipocytes. 2. Data collected Classical and alternative macrophage phenotypes were induced using cytokines (interferon-gamma, interleukins-4 and 13) and defined using gene and protein expression profiles measured by qPCR, flow cytometry, Western blots and novel chromatographic methods of protein separation (WES by Protein Simple). Efficiency of qPCR was verified for a comprehensive panel of genes involved with lipogenesis, lipolysis, and inflammation. Detection and quantification of proteins were validated using WES and Western blot techniques. 3. Summary statistics and discussion of results Monocytes differentiated into macrophages after 48 hours of culture, featuring visible dendrites (light microscopy) and increased CD68 expression (n = 3). Classical macrophage phenotype was defined as enhanced IL6, TNF, and CD16 expression with interferon-gamma stimulation (n = 8). Alternative macrophage phenotype was defined as abrogated IL6 and IL10 expression with LPS stimulation and interleukin-4 and 13 priming. Objective 2: To assess the impact of lipolysis inhibition during negative energy balance in dairy cows on adipose tissue macrophage infiltration and inflammatory phenotype, and adipocyte insulin sensitivity. 1. Major activities completed / experiments conducted Before evaluating anti-lipolytic agents in vivo, it is necessary to first characterize adipose tissue remodeling as a result of lipolysis and/or periparturient pysiological adapatations. To address this, a protocol for induction of negative energy balance (NEB) in mid lactation dairy cows was developed and tested to emulate NEB observed in transition dairy cattle. Adipose tissue remodeling as a result of NEB induced lipolysis was evaluated independently of confounding factors related to calving and the onset of lactation. 2. Data collected Multiparous mid lactation cows (DIM 119-210) were fed a common diet (d-14 to -1) and then randomly assigned to one of two 4 d (d1 to 4) feeding protocols: FR=feed restricted, AL=ad libitum. Cows in this feeding protocol reached a NEB of -13.5±1.9 Mcal/d and exhibit a strong lipolytic response. Blood, urine, and milk were collected on d -7, -3 and -2, and then daily on d1-d4. Plasma total NEFA concentrations were measured. Omental (OM) and subcutaneous (SC) adipose tissue samples were collected on d -3 and d4 using minimally invasive surgical techniques. Immediately after harvesting, adipose tissues were aliquoted for further processing including RNA extraction, immunohistochemistry, flow cytometry, and protein analysis 3. Summary statistics and discussion of results FR group showed a lipolytic response characterized by a marked increase in plasma NEFA concentrations. By d4, NEFA in FR animals was 0.52 mEq/L compared to 0.17 mEq/L in cows fed ad libitum (P<0.01). NEB alters ATM trafficking but does not affect their phenotype. RT-qPCR analysis of OM and SC revealed that the expression of classical macrophages (M1) related gene TNFa tended to be upregulated by FR (P=0.06). In contrast, there was no effect of caloric restriction on other M1 related pro-inflammatory genes including CCL2, and ITGAX. Transcription of alternative macrophage (M2) related anti-inflammatory genes Arg1 and Il10 was numerically higher in FR cows but not significant (P=0.11 and P=0.22 respectively). No FR or site effectts were observed in the expression of M2 related gene CCL22. The expression of SIRPA, a marker of mononuclear, dendritic, and granulocytes was significantly decreased by FR and its expression was lower in OM of both AL and FR cows. Flow cytometry data indicates that FR increased the number of cells expressing CD172a, a mononuclear cell marker, in OM but not in SC. More B cells were detected in OM than in SC however there was no FR effect. When analyzing tissue sections, we detected a higher number of cells immuno reactive to CD172a in OM of FR cows compared to SC in the same group of cows and to OM and SC in the AL group. Objective 3. To identify specific biomarkers of adipose tissue insulin resistance and adipose tissue macrophage infiltration for use in dairy cows during the dry period and early lactation. 1. Major activities completed / experiments conducted We conducted a study to determine the dynamics of serum and adipose FetA concentrations and its association with metabolic markers during negative energy balance (NEB)-induced lipolysis at different stages of lactation. 2. Data collected 26 cows were followed through the transition period. Blood samples and subcutaneous adipose tissue were collected at dry-off (DO; -51±3d), close-up (CU; -14±2d) and early lactation (EL; 7±0.5d). To evaluate FetA changes in response to lipolysis independently of parturition associated metabolic challenges, mid-lactation cows (DIM 119-210) were assigned to one of two feeding protocols: ad libitum (AL; n=3, +EB=3.2±0.66 Mcal/d) or feed-restricted (FR; n=3, EB=-15 Mcal/d). Blood and subcutaneous adipose tissue were collected after 4d period of feed restriction. FetA was determined by ELISA and western blot. Data was analyzed using a repeated measures mixed model. 3. Summary statistics and discussion of results Serum and adipose FetA concentrations were affected by lactation stage and were significantly lower at EL (DO:1.31±0.06; CU:1.27±0.09; EL:1.14±0.06 mg/mL; P<0.05) when NEFA concentrations were greatest (>0.7 mEq/L). Unlike in serum, adipose FetA expression was significantly reduced at CU (relative band density; DO:1.5±0.4; CU:0.2±0.02; EL:1.6±0.6). Circulating FetA concentrations were higher in over-conditioned dry cows and were positively associated with BCS (r=0.49; P<0.05) and BCS loss (r=0.66; P<0.05) during the transition period. Cows with high BCS and increased serum FetA concentrations at DO had diminished serum glucose concentrations at EL (r=-0.82; P<0.05). Remarkably, neither serum nor adipose FetA concentrations were affected in mid-lactation cows subjected to caloric restriction-induced lipolysis (P>0.05). These results demonstrate that variations in serum and adipose FetA concentrations during lipolytic states are determined by lactation stage and BCS around parturition. We showed for the first time that FetA is a novel biomarker for metabolic stress induced by lipolysis during the transition period. Future work will determine the mechanisms by which FetA affects lipolytic and inflammatory responses in adipose tissues of transition dairy cows.
Publications
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Accepted
Year Published:
2016
Citation:
Contreras G, Thelen K, Schmidt S, Strieder-Barboza C, Preseault C, Raphael R, Kiupel M, Caron J, Lock A: Adipose tissue remodeling in late-lactation dairy cows during feed restriction-induced negative energy balance. J Dairy Sci 2016, In Press.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Awaiting Publication
Year Published:
2016
Citation:
Schmidt SE, Thelen KM, Raphael W, Contreras GA, Lock AL. Effects of trans-10, cis-12 Conjugated Linoleic Acid on Gene Expression and Lipid Content of Adipocytes Derived from Lactating Dairy Cows. Joint Annual Meeting ADSA, 2016, Salt Lake City, UT. In Press
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Awaiting Publication
Year Published:
2016
Citation:
Schmidt SE, Thelen KM, Preseault CL, Contreras GA, Lock AL. Feed restriction-induced negative energy balance alters the fatty acid profiles of adipose tissue and milk fat of dairy cows. In Press
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Awaiting Publication
Year Published:
2016
Citation:
Raphael W, Contreras GA. Bovine macrophage phenotype influences inflammatory response to lipopolysaccharide. Joint Annual Meeting ADSA, 2016, Salt Lake City, UT. In Press
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Awaiting Publication
Year Published:
2016
Citation:
Strieder-Barboza C, Raphael W, Schmidt SE, Lock AL, Sordillo LM, Contreras GA. Fetuin-A: A novel biomarker for lipolysis-induced metabolic stress in transition dairy cows. Joint Annual Meeting ADSA, 2016, Salt Lake City, UT. In Press
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