Progress 03/01/16 to 01/31/21
Outputs Target Audience:This HATCH project targets shellfish researchers, producers (farmers), and harvesters (fishermen) as well as the regulatory agencies and the non-profit shellfish restoration community involved with and interested in shellfish resources in coastal and marine habitats. In many rural areas, shellfish producers and harvesters are members of economically depressed communities that are often educationally disadvantaged as a result. During this reporting period, the project targeted the following: Audience: The Delaware Bay oyster fishery and aquaculture communities including commercial oyster fishers, oyster farms, and the regulatory agencies overseeing their activities. Efforts: Monthly assessments of the growth, mortality, and disease status of the Delaware Bay oyster fishery as well as disease on several oyster farms in lower Delaware Bay from March to November 2020. Reports were made to the bi-monthly Delaware Bay Shellfisheries Council and at the annual Delaware Bay Oyster Stock Assessment Workshop where results were used to inform the establishment of harvest quotas for the following year. A final stock assessment report using these data is available at https://hsrl.rutgers.edu/SAWreports/SAW2021.pdf. That presentation and report occurred after the project end date but used data developed during the project. Data from the prior year were presented during this final year and are available at https://hsrl.rutgers.edu/SAWreports/SAW2020.pdf. Audience: The shorebird conservation community includes NJ Audubon, Atlantic Littoral Society, Conserve Wildlife Foundation of New Jersey, and others. Efforts: Specifically, research over the potential impact between oyster aquaculture and the protection of the federally threatened red knot was presented at stakeholder meetings and workshops. Audience: The East Coast shellfish aquaculture industry and regulators working on shellfish importation issues. A specific target here has been the community of shellfish hatcheries and regulatory agencies overseeing their activities to develop a hatchery compliance program for best practices to reduce the risk of moving shellfish pathogens when juvenile shellfish seed is transferred between states. Efforts: BMPs were developed for shellfish hatcheries with input from regulators, practitioners, researchers, and shellfish pathologists. A mechanism to audit and certify compliance using third-party auditors was developed and piloted at four commercial hatcheries allowing them to use their compliance documentation as part of their permit applications during the 2021 season. This program will continue and expand to other shellfish hatcheries. A database was developed to aggregate and disseminate shellfish disease data that is currently collected haphazardly and with varying regularity by individual researchers and labs that may be operated privately, at universities, or at state regulatory agencies. The information is necessary for proper evaluation of importation risk when shellfish seed is moved among distinct bodies of water, particularly across state jurisdictions. No such system exists. This and the hatchery biosecurity compliance programs are being expanded into the Gulf of Mexico under a larger effort called the "Regional Shellfish Seed Biosecurity Program". A web portal was created and is now accessible at www.rssbp.org. USDA APHIS Veterinary Services has been and continues to be a partner in developing and guiding this program. Audience: Living shoreline and shellfish restoration practitioners and regulators such as The Nature Conservancy (TNC), PEW Charitable Trust, NJDEP, and NJ Dept of Ag. Efforts: Work continued with TNC to monitor shellfish recruitment and nekton utilization at their Gandy's Beach Living Shoreline project. Findings were presented at project team meetings and to various professional meetings and workshops. Additionally, we supported efforts for the larger TNC SOAR (Supporting Oyster Aquaculture and Restoration) program by hosting one of their buy-back collection sites at the Haskin Shellfish Research Laboratory and providing staff to assist with counting and measuring oysters. This program was designed to assist shellfish farmers after the onset of COVID-19 and the virtual elimination of their markets. Instead of selling their product for consumption which they couldn't do as restaurants closed and canceled orders, TNC partnered with local non-profits and state agencies to buy oysters and deploy them for restoration efforts instead. The program was successful and provides a new outlet for shellfish farm products. Changes/Problems:The primary issue was COVID-related. To overcome this, in-person meetings were moved to virtual meetings where possible and other personnel filled in where possible to complete field and lab work when others were out with covid-related issues. Fieldwork was conducted following social distancing guidance which was relatively easy to comply with while working outdoors but required taking more vehicles to field locations than would have otherwise been required. Additionally, many drove directly from home offices rather than from a common work location. Lab work was similarly conducted via social distancing guidance that reduced the capacity for assembly-line work to process large numbers of samples. If possible, this was conducted at field sites or outdoors, but in many cases required reducing the number of participating staff members to one or two people depending on the room size. This slowed the effort down, sometimes considerably. For our hatchery compliance audits, we contracted with local experts to perform the audits following social distance guidelines using masks and remaining physically distant from hatchery operators and performed this during the off-season rather than in-season tominimize thenumber of staff that were present during visits. We tried to participate remotely, but bandwidth problems and Wi-Fi connections within hatcheries were insufficient to remain connected so we participated at the start and then had a follow-up meeting following the inspection with auditors and hatchery personnel. What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?Throughout this project staff and students of the Haskin Shellfish Research Laboratory have participated in various aspects providing experiential hands-on training. A USDA SARE Farmer Grant awarded to oyster farmer Betsy Haskin provided the opportunity to compare overwintering methods while training a high school student (Aislinn Mohyla) and allowing a graduate student (Heidi Yeh) to pursue some experiments for her dissertation. One PhD and one MS student graduated while another of each recieved training. One high school student recieved training running an experiment, analyzing results, and presenting it at a professional meeting. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?In addition to standard avenues of publication and conference presentations, the RSSBP program has provided training and development to state regulators and industry members across the East Coast with workshops set up in association with professional meetings (Northeast Aquaculture Conference and Exposition, Oysters South Symposium, National Shellfisheries Association) and independently with state agencies such as the Maryland DNR and NJ DEP and South Carolina DNR. External funding from NOAA's Aquaculture Collaborative program will allow this to continue and expand into the Gulf states. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?
Nothing Reported
Impacts What was accomplished under these goals?
Impact Statement. This HATCH project supported the needs of shellfish producers (farmers) and harvesters (fishermen) as well as the regulatory agencies and the shellfish restoration community. Shellfish industry members often live in economically depressed communities that are also often educationally disadvantaged. This project supported the needs of (a) the Delaware Bay oyster fishery and aquaculture communities including the regulatory agencies overseeing their activities; (b) the broader East and Gulf Coast shellfish aquaculture industry including regulators working on shellfish importation issues; (c) shellfish restoration practitioners comprised mostly of non-profits striving to work with regulators and the shellfish industry in varying capacities; (d) the migratory shorebird conservation community including NJ Audubon, Atlantic Littoral Society, Conserve Wildlife Foundation of New Jersey and others concerned with perceived threats from expanding shellfish aquaculture in the intertidal zone of Delaware Bay; and (e) shoreline protection practitioners interested in the integration of shellfish into shoreline protection projects. Project Activities and accomplishments One major impact is the creation of the Regional Shellfish Seed Biosecurity Program (RSSBP). The RSSBP provides two key resources to the shellfish industry, related federal and state regulatory agencies, and the community of scientists and pathologists generating data and knowledge to inform industry and regulators. First, best management practices for shellfish hatcheries were developed to help ensure that hatchery products (young shellfish) are safe to move across jurisdictions with minimal risk of spreading pathogens that threaten the survival of shellfish on farms or the wild. An independent compliance audit program provides regulators with confidence in the program. Participation is voluntary with alternatives available to states and businesses that do not wish to participate. Participating agencies can promote industry development more effectively by providing timely responses to shellfish seed importation requests. Several states have already changed policies and legislation to accommodate the program. Many hatcheries benefit via cost savings, larger markets, and the ability to respond quickly to opportunities that are otherwise bogged down in permitting requirements. Four large East Coast hatcheries are already participating. Smaller hatcheries can be listed as compliant with or without restrictions to their sales distribution region which provides flexibility to accommodate smaller businesses without forcing requirements that may be economically difficult (e.g., annual health certifications and inspections). Non-participating hatcheries simply need to comply with the more cumbersome, time-consuming existing regulations that may or may not be successful. A shellfish health disease database accessible via a web portal was created to further support interstate transport decisions. Access varies based on need among industry members, regulators and researchers as needed. Farm data is served in aggregate to maintain confidentiality where requested. A primary function is to identify 'like-to-like' transfers where pathogen profiles match, thereby presenting a much lower risk than transfers among regions with different pathogen profiles. This database is now being considered as the lead shellfish health database to support the USDA Commercial Aquatic Health Program Standards (CAHPS). To support acceptance and use, we have created a Shellfish Health Advisory Council comprised of three members each representing industry, regulatory agencies, shellfish pathologists, and aquaculture extension agents from across the East and Gulf coasts. Federal representation is provided by USDA APHIS Veterinary Services where the CAHPS program is being implemented and we anticipate NOAA will participate through its Aquaculture Program which provided funding to create the database for the East Coast and expand it into the Gulf Coast. A second major impact has been to demonstrate the response of vibrio bacteria (a human pathogen) to intertidal conditions. Findings demonstrate that vibrio levels increase during intertidal exposure but rapidly return to background levels once the tide returns to resubmerge the oysters. This finding supports the safe harvest of oysters grown intertidally in the mid-Atlantic region and justifies regulations to harvest the oysters while submerged or shortly after emergence as the tide recedes. Oysters harvested under these conditions and quickly moved to refrigeration are safe for consumption thereby facilitating land-based access to intertidal aquaculture farms and the economic success of such operations that have proliferated along portions of the mid-Atlantic in recent years. Graduate student Heidi Yeh is expanding this by investigating seasonal patterns of the oyster microbiome in NY Harbor and the response of the oyster microbiome to three overwintering strategies and thermal treatments. Data were collected and continue to be collected during 2021 and then will be processed and analyzed in 2022. Along with the vibrio work supporting intertidal oyster farming, we have also demonstrated that oyster farms do not markedly disturb the foraging behavior of migratory shorebirds, threatened or not. Tending the farms has a minor effect, but the presence of the farms themselves has no discernable impact. Research has similarly demonstrated no impact on the breeding of horseshoe crabs on the beaches adjacent to intertidal oyster farms. While there is still a need to protect horseshoe crabs and their spawning habitat for various reasons, regulators from the USFWS and other agencies now understand that eliminating or restricting aquaculture operations occurring on tidal flats away from the adjacent beach is not an action that will affect horseshoe crab spawning or foraging success of migratory birds whetherthe birds are listed as threatened or endangered or not. One more major impact has been the assembling of a national/international team of shoreline resilience experts to evaluate the success of living shorelines and other nature and natural base solutions to shoreline protection. We completed the first spatially comprehensive analysis of oyster-based living shoreline projects from New Jersey to Louisiana and have used that to successfully compete for funding from DARPA to integrate a biodegradable concreted and CO2 sequestering cement into biologically active shoreline protective structures. The work builds upon lessons learned over the past decade or more and promises to advance techniques and technologies to provide significantly more resilient and adaptable methods for shoreline protection. A final major impact has been to support the continued sustainability of the Delaware Bay oyster fishery and the development of oyster aquaculture in Delaware Bay. Using the data and analyses from our annual assessment of the Delaware Bay oyster stock, the Delaware Bay oyster fishery has continued to operate sustainably (bothbiologically and economically),even during the pandemic. Harvests have remained at or above 100,000 bushels (approximately 26.7 M oysters) annually since 2016 with an average of 109,836 bushels. In the two decades preceding 2016, only 1997 and 1998 harvested more than 100,000 bushels with an average annual harvest of only 76,085 bushels. Thus, sustainable management and rebuilding programs have increased the average annual harvest by 44%. Accumulating data is revealing long-term patterns and provides insights into the environmental and anthropogenic correlates that may be driving the patterns. As this work continues, analyses will reveal management activities and strategies to sustain and improve natural populations and the ecosystems that support them.
Publications
- Type:
Other
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2021
Citation:
Morson, J., D. Bushek, and J. Gius. 2021. Stock Assessment Workshop: New Jersey Delaware Bay Oyster Beds (23rd SAW) February 9-10, 2021. Final Report. 71 pp. https://hsrl.rutgers.edu/SAWreports/SAW2021.pdf
- Type:
Other
Status:
Other
Year Published:
2020
Citation:
Bushek, D., Carnegie, R., Calvo, L., Gustafson, L., Hudson, K., Marxen, L., Rheault, R. 2021. Regional Shellfish Seed Biosecurity Program: Hatchery Compliance. 10 pp. https://rssbp.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/RSSBP-Program-Guide_Dec-14-2021.pdf
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2021
Citation:
Ashton-Alcox, K.A., J.M. Morson, E.N. Powell, J.E. Gius, D.M. Munroe and D. Bushek. 2021. Oyster recruitment and persistence on planted versus native substrate over 13 years in the Delaware Bay oyster fishery resource. J. Shellfish Res. 40(2):191-211. https://doi.org/10.2983/035.040.0202
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2021
Citation:
Morris, R. L., La Peyre, M. K., Webb, B. M., Marshall, D. A., Bilkovic, D. M., Cebrian, J., McClenachan, G., Kibler, K. M., Walters, L. J., Bushek, D., Sparks, E. L., Temple, N. A., Moody, J., Angstadt, K., Goff, J., Boswell, M., Sacks, P., and Swearer, S. E.. 2021. Large-scale variation in wave attenuation of oyster reef living shorelines and the influence of inundation duration. Ecological Applications 31(6):e02382. 15 pp 10.1002/eap.2382
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2020
Citation:
Acquafredda*, M.P., M. Whiteside*, D.M. Munroe, L.M. Ragone Calvo, D. Bushek, N. Deck**, M. De Luca, X. Guo. Diversification of bivalve aquaculture in New Jersey: new species and seed lines for high-salinity back bay habitats. 40th Milford Aquaculture Seminar, Shelton, CT, Jan 13-15, 2020
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2020
Citation:
Deck**, N., M.P. Acquafredda*, M. Whiteside, D. Munroe, L.M. Ragone Calvo, D. Bushek, M. De Luca and X. Guo. Diversification of bivalve aquaculture in New Jersey: Testing survival and growth of Bay Scallops in New Jersey. 40th Milford Aquaculture Seminar, Shelton, CT, Jan 13-15, 2020
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2020
Citation:
Rheault, R., L.M. Ragone Calvo, K. Hudson, L. Gustafson, R. Carnegie and D. Bushek. Hatchery certification to simplify interstate transfers of seed. 40th Milford Aquaculture Seminar, Shelton, CT, Jan 13-15, 2020
- Type:
Websites
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2020
Citation:
The Regional Shellfish Seed Biosecurity Program web portal: https://rssbp.org/
- Type:
Theses/Dissertations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2020
Citation:
Michael Acquafredda, PhD. December 2020. Expanding Aquaculture Opportunities in the Northeastern United States through Ecologically-Sound Diversification. Rutgers University.
- Type:
Theses/Dissertations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2021
Citation:
Michael Whiteside, MS. March 2021. Genetics of Shell Shape and Color in the Eastern Oyster, Crassostrea Virginica. Rutgers University
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2020
Citation:
Yeh*, H. and D. Bushek. Oyster microbiome dynamics driven by salinity and seasonality in the Delaware Bay. Mid-Atlantic Chapter of the American Fisheries Society Fall 2020 Virtual Annual Meeting: Caught in the Middle: Adapting to Change in Fisheries, Nov 13, 2020
|
Progress 10/01/19 to 09/30/20
Outputs Target Audience:This HATCH project targets shellfish researchers, producers (farmers) and harvesters (fishermen) as well as the regulatoryagencies and the non-profit shellfish restoration community involved with and interested in shellfish resources in coastal and marine habitats. In many rural areas, shellfish producers and harvesters are members of economically depressed communities that are often educationally disadvantaged as a result. During this reporting period, the project targeted the Delaware Bay oyster fishery and aquaculture communities, the federal and state regulatory agencies overseeing shellfishproduction and resources in New Jersey, the bird conservation community over the potential impact between oysteraquaculture and protection of the federally threatened red knot, and the East Coast shellfish aquaculturists and regulatorsworking on shellfish importation issues. A specific target has been the community of shellfish hatcheries and regulatory agencies overseeing their activities and this was expanded to include the Gulf of Mexico during this reporting period. Changes/Problems:COVID-19 has been a serious disruption but we have been able to find ways to make progress by invoking protective measures that assure social distancing and safe practices. Several events were cancelled or postponed and this required an adaptation to online work rather than in person work, particularly with respect to workshops. This has necessitated some no-cost extensions of some separately funded projects, but progress continues. What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?PI Bushek served as mentor on a USDA SARE Farmer Grant to Elizabeth Haskin, owner of Betsy's Cape Shore Salt Oyster Farm. Ms Haskin desired to test the effects of overwintering her oysters in a refrigerated cooler away from the weather hazards of intertidal or subtidal storage in Delaware Bay. A graduate student advised by Dr. Bushek, Heidi Yeh, took advantage of the study to collect samples of the oyster microbiome. Those samples await genetic and genomic analysis. A high school student was also recruited to participate in the project and learn the scientific method and its application to resolve real problems. Several workshops, already described, provided opportunities for training and professional development. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?Results have been presented at professsional scientific meetings, in peer-reveiwed and non-peer-reviewed literature, at stakeholder workshops and in one-on-one communications as indicated elsewhere in this report. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?During the next reporting period the following is planned: continue montioring the Delaware Bay oyster stock as well as farmed oysters in the Bay and along the Atlantic Coast continue monitoring the living shoreline projects and initiate others as a appropriate and as funding permits continue participation in the Delaware Bay Intertidal Oyster Red Knot stakeholder group to address conflicts and fill information gaps. complete genetic and genomic analyses of microbiome samples
Impacts What was accomplished under these goals?
Prior to the onset of the 2020 COVID-19 pandemic sampling for the 2019 Delaware Bay monthly dermo monitoring program and the 2019 Fall stock Assessment were completed, analyzed and presented at the 22nd Delaware Bay, NJ Oyster Stock Assessment Workshop (SAW). This resulted in establishing a quota for the 2020 season of about 115,000 bushels depending on the outcome of management activities. The Stock Assessment Review Committee found that the overall management of the fishery continues to be sustainable. Preliminary evaluation of the long term dermo monitoring dataset with USGS measurements of stream flow indicate linkages that have depressed dermo disease across the Bay. These patterns and the potential for management activities were identified as a topic to examine further. The onset of the pandemic curtailed management, monitoring and research activities through June. Modifications were made to enable a reduced field crew to complete sampling efforts from July through September and then continue to the end of the year to support the 2021 SAW and continued management of the oyster fishery. Although objective 2 had been completed, Rutgers graduate student Heidi Yeh has identified the oyster microbiome as a dissertation project with relevance to this objective. Funds were secured from several sources including NJWRRI, NJSG, NRAC and USDA SARE as well as a Hudson River Fellowship to explore various aspects of the microbiome. Initial work found several potential denitrifying bacteria were present. A preliminary lab experiment to knock out the microbiome and examine impacts on dermo disease found no effect and will be repeated for confirmation. Results from an overwintering study to examine the potential use of extended refrigeration demonstrate success but the microbiome impacts have yet to be determined awaiting genetic analyses. Work has continued on developing a shellfish health database and certification program to improve monitoring, surveillance and the biosecurity of interstate shellfish seed transfers for aquaculture and restoration. The program is being branded as the Regional Shellfish Seed Biosecurity Program. Multiple presentations were made during the reporting period to garner feedback and support from throughout the East Coast and now into the Gulf of Mexico. Presentations are reported elsewhere. The 13 member Shellfish Health Advisory Panel was recomposed as some individuals needed to step down and this allowed the addition of Gulf of Mexico representation. A subcommittee of the panel, with support from USDA and NOAA, developed a set of shellfish hatchery best management practices along with a compliance program that will be piloted in the next reporting period. Work on living shorelines as a shellfish restoration and enhancement program continued with collaborators from the Partnership for the Delaware Estuary and The Nature Conservancy. This included monitoring of the Gandy's Beach and Money Island living shoreline projects that are part of coast-wide evaluation of living shoreline projects extending into the Gulf of Mexico. During July, PDE partners designed two new shoreline configurations using Oyster CastlesTM or shellbags to reduce erosion and these were deployed in the Maurice River in July 2020. Monitoring of these installations will continue.
Publications
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Other
Year Published:
2020
Citation:
Acquafredda*, M.P., M. Whiteside*, D.M. Munroe, L.M. Ragone Calvo, D. Bushek, N. Deck**, M. De Luca, X. Guo. Diversification of bivalve aquaculture in New Jersey: new species and seed lines for high-salinity back bay habitats. 40th Milford Aquaculture Seminar, Shelton, CT, Jan 13-15, 2020
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Other
Year Published:
2020
Citation:
Deck**, N., M.P. Acquafredda*, M. Whiteside, D. Munroe, L.M. Ragone Calvo, D. Bushek, M. De Luca and X. Guo. Diversification of bivalve aquaculture in New Jersey: Testing survival and growth of Bay Scallops in New Jersey. 40th Milford Aquaculture Seminar, Shelton, CT, Jan 13-15, 2020
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Other
Year Published:
2020
Citation:
Rheault, R., L.M. Ragone Calvo, K. Hudson, L. Gustafson, R. Carnegie and D. Bushek. Hatchery certification to simplify interstate transfers of seed. 40th Milford Aquaculture Seminar, Shelton, CT, Jan 13-15, 2020
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Other
Year Published:
2019
Citation:
Yeh*, H. and D. Bushek. The Oyster Microbiome in Sickness and in Health. Annual Meeting of the American Fisheries Society Mid-Atlantic Chapter, Lewes, DE, Nov 21, 2019.
- Type:
Websites
Status:
Other
Year Published:
2020
Citation:
https://terrene.njaes.rutgers.edu/shellfish-map/
- Type:
Book Chapters
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2020
Citation:
Behringer, D.C., Wood, C.L., Krkosek, M., and D. Bushek. 2020. Chapter 10: Disease in fisheries and aquaculture. In: Behringer, D.C., Silliman, B.R., and K.D. Lafferty (eds), Marine Disease Ecology. Oxford University Press. Oxford, UK. DOI: 10.1093/oso/9780198821632.003.0010
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2020
Citation:
Maslo, B., J. C. Burkhalter, D. Bushek, T. Yuhas**, B. Schumm**, J. Burger and J.L. Lockwood. 2020 Assessing conservation conflict: Does intertidal oyster aquaculture inhibit foraging behavior of migratory shorebirds? Ecosphere11(5):e03097.10.1002/ecs2.3097
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2020
Citation:
Yeh*, H., S.A. Skubel*, H. Patel*, D.C. Shi*, D. Bushek and M.L. Chikindas. From farm to fingers: An exploration of probiotics for oysters, from production to human consumption. 2020. Probiotics and Antimicrobial Proteins. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12602-019-09629-3
- Type:
Other
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2020
Citation:
Morson, J., D. Bushek, and J. Gius. 2020. Stock Assessment Workshop: New Jersey Delaware Bay Oyster Beds (21st SAW) February 12-13, 2020. Final Report. 75 pp. https://hsrl.rutgers.edu/SAWreports/SAW2020.pdf
- Type:
Other
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2020
Citation:
Bushek, D. 2020. Inaugural Recipient of the Paul Galtsoff Industry Award: Daniel Myer Cohen. Quarterly Newsletter of the National Shellfisheries Association, 2020(1):4. https://shellfish.memberclicks.net/assets/docs/Current_Newsletters/qnl_2020_1.pdf
- Type:
Other
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2020
Citation:
Bushek, D., L. Calvo, R. Carnegie, L. Gustafson, B. Jones, K. Hudson, L. Marxen, B. Rheault. 2020. Regional Shellfish Seed Biosecurity Program. Program Factsheet. 2 pg.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Other
Year Published:
2020
Citation:
Rheault, R., L.M. Ragone Calvo, K. Hudson, L. Gustafson, R. Carnegie and D. Bushek. Hatchery Certification Pilot Program. NELHAs Aquatic Species Health Management Program: Bivalve Breakout Session, Kailua-Kona, HI, Feb 14, 2020
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Other
Year Published:
2019
Citation:
Bushek, D., L. Marxen and L. Calvo. A Regional Hatchery Certification Program to Minimize Risks Associated with Interstate Seed Transfers. Shellfish Growers' Forum, Tuckerton, NJ, Dec. 4, 2019
|
Progress 10/01/18 to 09/30/19
Outputs Target Audience:This HATCH project targets shellfish researchers, producers (farmers) and harvesters (fishermen) as well as the regulatory agencies and the non-profit shellfish restoration community involved with and interested in shellfish resources in coastal and marine habitats. In many rural areas, shellfish producers and harvesters are members of economically depressed communities that are often educationally disadvantaged as a result. During this reporting period, the project targeted the Delaware Bay oyster fishery and aquaculture communities, the federal and state regulatory agencies overseeing shellfish production and resources in New Jersey, the bird conservation community over the potential impact between oyster aquaculture and protection of the federally threated red knot, and the East Coast shellfish aquaculturists and regulators working on shellfish importation issues. A specific target has been the community of shellfish hatcheries and regulatory agencies overseeing their activities. An additional target audience has been the regulators and practitioners fo Living Shorelines. Changes/Problems:
Nothing Reported
What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?We hosted the 2019 Delaware Bay Oyster Stock Assessment Workshop in February 2019 which presented our analysis of the Delaware Bay Oyster Stock and related research to local regulators and oystermen. This included three external reviewers that attended to provide outside expertise and evaluation. Workshops on creating and developing a Shellfish Health Database for the East Coast and a shellfish Hatchery Certification program that included regulators, industry memembers, shellfish pathologists and scientists, and extension agents were held in Cape May New Jersey and Gloucester Point, Virginia. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?Most directly through workshops as described above, but additionally through attendence and presentations at professional meetings as listed in the list of products. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?We have planned presentations and workshops at the upcoming Milford Aquaculture Seminar on our Hatchery Certification program and subsequently at the National Shellfisheries Association annual meeting. We have recieved funding to expand these programs into the Gulf of Mexico and will work with collaborators from the region to build relationships and contacts there - possibly using the successful and organically developed Oysters South meeting. We are working with local shellfish farmers to explore methods to improve overwintering of oysters and will be exploring impacts of such methods on important factors such as changes to the normal healthy flora of bacteria residing in oysters. Our surveillance efforts will continue with funding obtained externally.
Impacts What was accomplished under these goals?
Risks associated with disease spread from fish and shellfish farming have plagued the growth and public perception of aquaculture worldwide. However, by processing nutrients and organic material from the water column, the culture of many suspension-feeding bivalves has been proposed as novel solution toward mitigating problems facing coastal water quality, including the removal of disease-causing parasites. Maintianing the long-term monitoring of oyster disease in Delaware Bay continues to provide key information and advice to sustainably manage the Delaware Bay oyster fishery as one of the only sustainable oyster fisheries in the US and an example for all oyster fisheries. Oysters can be sustainably harvested while maintaining the population and consequent ecosystem services provided by the oysters. Work on human pathogens has been completed and is being prepared for publication. Interest in adding human pathogens to our developing shellfish health database is growing and may be explored in the future once the database is completed, tested and fully operational. As part of the Hatchery Certification program and Shellfish Health Database we are working with USDA APHIS, NOAA Aquaulture and state agencies to improve surveillance reporting and access to surveillance data. This work is identifying data gaps in our understanding of shellfish pathogen distributions and highlighting areas in need of additional surveillance. We continue working collaboratively with the Partnership for the Delaware Estuary on their living shoreline initiatives and have begun participating in a coast-wide evaluation of living shoreline efforts stimulated by interest from Australian researchers. We have continued to monitor, evaluate and recommend shellplanting strategies to the New Jersey DEP and the Delaware Bay Shellfisheries Councils.
Publications
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2018
Citation:
Ben-Horin, T., C. Burge, D. Bushek, M. Groner, D. Proestou, L. Huey, G. Bidegain, R. Carnegie. 2018 Intensive oyster aquaculture can reduce disease impacts to sympatric wild oysters. Aquacult. Environ. Interact., 10:557567. https://doi.org/10.3354/aei00290
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2019
Citation:
Morris, R, D.M. Bilkovic, M. Boswell, D. Bushek, J. Cebrian, J. Goff, K. Kibler, M.K. La Peyre, G. McClenachan, J. Moody, P. Sacks, J. Shinn, E. Sparks, N. Temple, L. Walters, B. Webb, and S. Swearer. 2019. Oyster reefs in shoreline protection: are we over-engineering for an ecosystem engineer? J. Applied Ecology, 56(7):1703-1711. https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2664.13390
- Type:
Other
Status:
Other
Year Published:
2019
Citation:
Morson, J., D. Bushek, and J. .Gius. 2019. Stock Assessment Workshop: New Jersey Delaware Bay Oyster Beds (21st SAW) February 12-13, 2019. Final Report. 80 pp. https://hsrl.rutgers.edu/SAWreports/SAW2019.pdf
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Other
Year Published:
2019
Citation:
Bushek, D. Managing Oysters in Delaware Bay. Gulf Coast Research Laboratory, University of Southern Mississippi, Division of Coastal Science Spring Seminar Series. Ocean Springs, MS, Mar. 7, 2019. Invited seminar
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Other
Year Published:
2019
Citation:
Rudders, D., S. Roman, R.A. Fisher, D. Bushek, D. Munroe, E. Bochenek, E. McGurk and B. Galuardi. Observations on the impact of the nematode Sulcascaris sulcate on the sea scallop fishery. 22nd International Pectinid Workshop, Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain. April 24-29, 2019.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Other
Year Published:
2019
Citation:
Bushek, D., D. Munroe, E. Bochenek, E. McGurk, S. Borsetti, D. Rudders and S. Roman. Scallop parasite outbreak on the mid-Atlantic shelf: transmission, temporal variation, and consequences to marketability. 22nd International Pectinid Workshop, Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain. April 24-29, 2019. (poster)
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Other
Year Published:
2019
Citation:
Munroe, D., K. Ashton-Alcox, J. Morson, and D. Bushek. The role of fishery enhancement in the sustainable oyster fishery in Delaware Bay. Aquaculture 2019. March 7 - 11, 2019, New Orleans, Louisiana USA
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Other
Year Published:
2019
Citation:
Bushek, D., R. Carnegie, L. Gustafson, R. Rheault, L. Calvo, K. Hudson and L. Marxen. The East Coast Molluscan Health Initiative Part 1: Overview. Aquaculture 2019. March 7 - 11, 2019, New Orleans, Louisiana USA
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Other
Year Published:
2019
Citation:
Rheault, R., L. Calvo, K. Hudson, D. Bushek, R. Carnegie, L. Gustafson and L. Marxen. The East Coast Molluscan Health Initiative Part 2: Hatchery Certification. Aquaculture 2019. March 7 - 11, 2019, New Orleans, Louisiana USA
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Other
Year Published:
2019
Citation:
Marxen, L., D. Bushek, L. Calvo, R. Carnegie, K. Hudson, R Rheault, and L. Gustafson The East Coast Molluscan Health Initiative Part 3: Interactive Database Demo. Aquaculture 2019. March 7 - 11, 2019, New Orleans, Louisiana USA
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Other
Year Published:
2019
Citation:
Munroe, D., D. Bushek and L. Calvo. Ecological interactions of horseshoe crabs and shellfish aquaculture: a case study from the Delaware Bay. Aquaculture 2019. March 7 - 11, 2019, New Orleans, Louisiana USA
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Other
Year Published:
2019
Citation:
Bushek, D., L. Calvo, E. Bochenek, K. Sullivan, B. Harman and B. Hollinger. Evaluating subtidal oyster cage culture systems to solve unique aquaculture issues hampering development of oyster aquaculture in Delaware Bay. Aquaculture 2019. March 7 - 11, 2019, New Orleans, Louisiana USA
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Other
Year Published:
2019
Citation:
Bushek, D., P. Woodruff, R. Loveland and M. Botton. Horseshoe crabs on beaches near active oyster aquaculture farms on the New Jersey Delaware Bayshore. Aquaculture 2019. March 7 - 11, 2019, New Orleans, Louisiana USA
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Other
Year Published:
2019
Citation:
Bushek, D., L. Calvo, E. Bochenek, K. Sullivan, B. Harman, B. Hollinger. Trials and tribulations of moving oyster aquaculture to subtidal leases in Delaware Bay. Delaware Estuary Science and Environmental Summit 2019, Cape May, NJ, January 27-30, 2019
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Other
Year Published:
2019
Citation:
Shinn, J., D. Bushek, L. Calvo, M. Katkowski, and A. Zito-Livingston. Investigating the community of fishes and invertebrates inhabiting two living shoreline projects. Delaware Estuary Science and Environmental Summit 2019, Cape May, NJ, January 27-30, 2019.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Other
Year Published:
2019
Citation:
Woodruff, P., D. Bushek, R. Loveland and M. Botton. Horseshoe crabs on beaches near active oyster aquaculture farms on the New Jersey Delaware Bayshore. Delaware Estuary Science and Environmental Summit 2019, Cape May, NJ, January 27-30, 2019. (poster)
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Other
Year Published:
2019
Citation:
Cleary, N., D. Bushek, J. Daw and D. Munroe. Atlantic horseshoe crab (Limulus polyhemus) movement within oyster farms on the Delaware Bay shoreline. Delaware Estuary Science and Environmental Summit 2019, Cape May, NJ, January 27-30, 2019. (poster)
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Other
Year Published:
2019
Citation:
Jones, C. and D. Bushek. Horseshoe crabs, red knots, and coastal inundation. Delaware Estuary Science and Environmental Summit 2019, Cape May, NJ, January 27-30, 2019. (poster)
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Other
Year Published:
2019
Citation:
Bushek, D., L. Calvo, L. Marxen, R. Carnegie, K. Hudson, R. Rheault and L. Gustafson. East Coast Molluscan Health Initiative Part 1: The database. Northeast Aquaculture Conference & Exposition, Boston, MA, Jan. 9-11, 2019.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Other
Year Published:
2019
Citation:
Calvo, L., K. Hudson, R. Rheault, D. Bushek, R. Carnegie, L. Gustafson and L. Marxen. East Coast Molluscan Health Initiative Part 2: Hatchery certification. Northeast Aquaculture Conference & Exposition, Boston, MA, Jan. 9-11, 2019.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Other
Year Published:
2019
Citation:
Marxen, L., D. Bushek, L. Calvo, R. Carnegie, K. Hudson, R. Rheault and L. Gustafson. East Coast Molluscan Health Initiative Part 3: Interactive database demo. Northeast Aquaculture Conference & Exposition, Boston, MA, Jan. 9-11, 2019
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Other
Year Published:
2019
Citation:
Woodruff, P., D. Bushek, R. Loveland and M. Botton. Horseshoe crabs on beaches near active oyster aquaculture farms on the New Jersey Delaware Bayshore. Northeast Aquaculture Conference & Exposition, Boston, MA, Jan. 9-11, 2019. (poster)
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Other
Year Published:
2019
Citation:
Munroe, D., D. Bushek and L. Calvo. Ecological interactions of horseshoe crabs and oyster aquaculture in the Delaware Bay. Northeast Aquaculture Conference & Exposition, Boston, MA, Jan. 9-11, 2019.
|
Progress 10/01/17 to 09/30/18
Outputs Target Audience:This HATCH project targets shellfish researchers, producers (farmers) and harvesters (fishermen) as well as the regulatory agencies and the non-profit shellfish restoration community involved with and interested in shellfish resources in coastal and marine habitats. In many rural areas, shellfish producers and harvesters are members of economically depressed communities that are often educationally disadvantaged as a result. A specific target during this period was the community of oyster farmers, aquaculture regulators (federal and state) and the bird conservation community over the potential impact between oyster aquaculture and protection of the federally threated red knot, a migratory shore bird using habitats near intertidal oyster aquaculture farms. The project also specifically targeted the offshore ocean scallop fishery, the broader Delaware Bay oyster industry, the east coast shellfish industry (including regulators and pathologists), and the marsh shoreline restoration and protection community. Changes/Problems:
Nothing Reported
What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?Back-to-back workshops have been scheduled for October 9-11 to support the development of strategies and tools for the regional promotion of molluscan health and commerce along the eastern coast of the U.S. as follows: Database Development Workshop. The overall project objective is to build the infrastructure necessary to sustain a functional, web-accessible, East Coast regional database on molluscan shellfish health that can be used to inform regulatory decisions on the movement of shellfish seed and broodstock. Workshop participants including regulators, industry members, researchers, extension personnel and database programmers will review needs (essential inputs and outputs), structure and performance to complete a prototype. After refinement and post-workshop review, the database will be launched using case studies to solicit additional feedback. Training sessions and modules will be offered to promote broader use. This workshop is supported by the NOAA Saltonstall-Kennedy Program. Hatchery Certification Workshop. The goal of this workshop is to finalize and test the hatchery certification process developed by the hatchery certification workgroup (HCW). Participants will: (a) review efforts to date, (b) identify any parameters that may have been overlooked via hatchery visits, (c) resolve disagreements over any information that may or may not need to be collected, (d) resolve who will conduct inspections within or among participating states, and (e) determine how inspection data will be collected, shared and stored. Existing guidelines for disease freedom substantiation in compartments and zones will also be considered, such as those available through the World Organization for Animal Health (OIE) and the Commercial Aquaculture Health Program Standards (CAHPS). Ultimately, constraints and requirements may vary by state, but the goal is to have some uniformity and understanding of the basis for various requirements. This workshop is supported via a grant from NOAA Sea Grant. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?Results have been disseminated via workshops, symposia, presentations at scientific conferences, publication of scientific papers and technical reports, via video productions posted on the web and through interviews with the media. One unique dissemination tool was developed with the USDA Climate Hubs and features a 360 degree web viewer: https://www.climatehubs.oce.usda.gov/hubs/northeast/project/living-shorelines What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?Continue with the work described above. The workshops are scheduled for October with invitations and confirmations already completed. We plan to submit coordinated abstracts to the Northeast Aquaculture Convention and Exposition in January 2019 and the Aquaculture 2019 triennial in March 2019.
Impacts What was accomplished under these goals?
1. Monitoring of oyster disease for the Delaware Bay oyster industry was completed for 2017 in November 2017 and the 2018 program initiated in April 2018. Results were at monthly Shellfisheries Council meetings and incorporated into the annual stock assessment to help inform management of the fishery. Analyses of field samples and experiments on a nematode parasitic on sea scallops were completed and reported to the industry directly and via conference presentations. Key findings included Nematode distribution in the MidAtlantic has neither expanded northward nor contracted southward in the years since initial outbreak in 2015. On average, approximately 29% of observed meat lesions contain a nematode. Larger scallops were more likely to have more lesions and more nematodes. Scallop-to-scallop transmission of the parasite did not occur. Parasite transmission from shucked meats (mimicking discards at sea) to live scallops did not occur. Nematodes die quickly at high temperatures: 37 seconds at 56oC, 17 seconds at 75oC, and 6 seconds at 95oC. At human body temperature (37 oC) nematodes died within 3 to 7 hours. A preliminary experiment to determine survival rates of infected scallops found that mortality in the laboratory was ~10% higher for infected scallops with highest mortality in heavily infected scallops 2. Work was completed on a NOAA Sea Grant Aquaculture Program funded project to evaluate the effects of intertidal production of oysters in New Jersey and Virginia on vibrio bacteria levels and the perceived risks this poses to human health. Best management recommendations for harvesting intertidal oysters were communicated via conference presentations and recommend harvesting oysters as close as possible to first exposure to air. Importantly, bacterial levels that increase during air exposure, returned to background levels by the following tide indicating no additional increased risk. 3. Building upon prior efforts to identify problems and needs for shellfish aquaculture, two projects were initiated in September 2017. The first is funded by the NOAA Saltonstall-Kennedy Program to create an interactive database for use by regulators, industry, pathologists and academics to understand the distribution of shellfish pathogens and how that relates to disease risk via shellfish transfers. A prototype database was created for evaluation at a workshop in October 201. It is being populated with data from various sources along the East Coast. The second, funded by NOAA Sea Grant Aquaculture program, is developing a hatchery certification program to improve biosecurity while reducing economic impacts and practical limitations on shellfish hatcheries. 4. The Delaware Bay oyster shell planting program was monitored and is being evaluated to determine its overall success to demonstrate how fishing industry enhancement programs can sustain both fisheries and habitats when managed adaptively for long-term sustainability. Monitoring efforts to evaluate living shoreline projects involving the creations of near shore oyster habitat was completed and additional funding secured by the The Nature Conservancy to continue monitoring of shellfish productivity and habitat use by motile fauna as the structures become ecologically mature. Funding was also obtained to evaluate the performance of a novel subtidal cage culture system to grow oysters on dormant leased oyster grounds in Delaware Bay using hatchery reared lines of oysters selected for disease resistance. Disease and predation have virtually shut down production on these expansive historic leased grounds and developing economically viable aquaculture systems for these grounds is likely to help revitalize the Delaware Bay oyster program.
Publications
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2018
Citation:
Morson, J.M., D. M. Munroe, K. A. Ashton-Alcox, E.N. Powell, D. Bushek, and J. Gius. 2018. Density-dependent capture efficiency of a survey dredge and its influence on the stock assessment of eastern oysters (Crassostrea virginica) in Delaware Bay. Fisheries Res., 205:115-121. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fishres.2018.04.012
- Type:
Other
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2018
Citation:
Ashton-Alcox, K., D. Bushek, J Gius, and J. Morson. 2018. Stock Assessment Workshop: New Jersey Delaware Bay Oyster Beds (20th SAW) February 6-7, 2018. Final Report. 115 pp. https://hsrl.rutgers.edu/SAWreports/SAW2018.pdf
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Other
Year Published:
2018
Citation:
Bushek, D. Ecological Considerations of Utilizing Oyster Reefs for Restoration. Building with Nature: A workshop to explore oyster reef and marsh sill living shoreline techniques. JCNERR, Tuckerton, NJ, Oct 18, 2018
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Other
Year Published:
2018
Citation:
Woodruff P. and D. Bushek. Horseshoe Crabs on Beaches Near Active Oyster Aquaculture on the New Jersey Delaware Bayshore. Red Knot Aquaculture Stakeholder Committee special meeting with the Agency Working Group to hear new science updates. Tuckerton, NJ, Oct. 15, 2018.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Other
Year Published:
2018
Citation:
Maslo, B., D. Bushek, B. Schumm, T. Yuhas2, C. Burkhalter, J. Burger1 and J.L. Lockwood. Abundance and Foraging Rates of Migratory Shorebirds in Response to Oysterculture in Delaware Bay. Red Knot Aquaculture Stakeholder Committee special meeting with the Agency Working Group to hear new science updates. Tuckerton, NJ, Oct. 15, 2018.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Other
Year Published:
2018
Citation:
Calvo, L., D. Bushek, R. Carnegie, K. Hudson, L. Gustafson and R. Rheault, Regional Strategies for Biosecure Molluscan Shellfish Transfers. 70th Annual Mid-Atlantic Interstate Seafood Seminar, Rehoboth Beach, DE, Mar. 27-29, 2018.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Other
Year Published:
2018
Citation:
Gustafson, L., R. Carnegie, L. Marxen, K. Hudson, L. Calvo, R. Rheault and D. Bushek. A birds-eye view of shellfish health: advances in regional management in the eastern USA. 8th International Symposium on Aquatic Animal Health. Charlottetown, PEI, Canada. Sep. 2-6, 2018.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Other
Year Published:
2018
Citation:
Audemard, C., T. Ben-Horin, L. Calvo, K. Reece, and D. Bushek. Influence of aerial exposure at low tide on concentrations of human-pathogenic vibrios in oysters cultured in the intertidal zone. AQUA 2018, Montpellier, France. Aug. 25-29, 2018.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Other
Year Published:
2018
Citation:
Bushek, D., K. Ashton-Alcox, J. Morson, D. Munroe and E.N. Powell. Collaborative Stock Assessment and Adaptive Management to Sustain the Delaware Bay Oyster Fishery Under High and Variable Natural Mortality. 148th Annual Meeting of the American Fisheries Society - Communicating the Science of Fisheries Conservation to Diverse Audiences. Atlantic City, New Jersey, Aug. 19-23, 2018.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Other
Year Published:
2018
Citation:
Calvo, L., D. Bushek, E. Bochenek, K Sullivan, B. Harman and B. Hollinger. Evaluating a new oyster cage culture System to solve unique aquaculture issues hampering development of oyster aquaculture in Delaware Bay. 148th Annual Meeting of the American Fisheries Society Communicating the Science of Fisheries Conservation to Diverse Audiences. Atlantic City, New Jersey, Aug. 19-23, 2018.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Other
Year Published:
2018
Citation:
Morson, J., K. Ashton-Alcox, D. Bushek, E.N. Powell, J. Gius and D. Munroe. Overview of a fishery-independent survey used to estimate abundance and natural mortality of oysters in Delaware Bay. 148th Annual Meeting of the American Fisheries Society Communicating the Science of Fisheries Conservation to Diverse Audiences. Atlantic City, New Jersey, Aug. 19-23, 2018.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Other
Year Published:
2018
Citation:
Munroe, D., N. Cleary, L. Calvo and D. Bushek. Horseshoe crabs and shellfish aquaculture: a case study from the Delaware Bay. 148th Annual Meeting of the American Fisheries Society Communicating the Science of Fisheries Conservation to Diverse Audiences. Atlantic City, New Jersey, Aug. 19-23, 2018.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Other
Year Published:
2018
Citation:
Rudders, D., S. Roman, R.A. Fisher, D. Bushek, D. Munroe, E. Bochenek, E. McGurk and B. Galuardi. Investigating the impact of the nematode Sulcascaris sulcata: spatial distribution and effect on the sea scallop fishery. 148th Annual Meeting of the American Fisheries Society Communicating the Science of Fisheries Conservation to Diverse Audiences. Atlantic City, New Jersey, Aug. 19-23, 2018.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Other
Year Published:
2017
Citation:
Ben-Horin, T., G. Bidegain, C.A. Burge, D. Bushek, R. Carnegie, M.L. Groner, E. Hofmann, D. Munroe, E. Powell, D. A. Proestou, and W. Schroer. Does restoring oyster reefs restore oyster health? CERF 2017, Providence, RI, November 5-9, 2017.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Other
Year Published:
2018
Citation:
Morris, R. L., D. M. Bilkovic, D. Bushek, J. Cebrian, K. M. Kibler, M. K. La Peyre, G. McClenachan, J. P. Shinn, E. Sparks, N. Temple, L. J. Walters, B. M. Webb, S. E. Swearer. Oysters on the front line: nature-based solutions for coastal defence. ECSA 57: Changing estuaries, coasts and shelf systems - Diverse threats and opportunities. Pan Pacific Perth, Perth, WA, Australia, Sep. 3-6, 2018
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Other
Year Published:
2018
Citation:
Shinn, J., L. Calvo, D. Bushek and M. Katkowski. Whats living on living shorelines? Monitoring the fish and shellfish communities utilizing a hybrid living shoreline. 148th Annual Meeting of the American Fisheries Society Communicating the Science of Fisheries Conservation to Diverse Audiences. Atlantic City, New Jersey, Aug. 19-23, 2018.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Other
Year Published:
2018
Citation:
Woodruff, P. and D. Bushek Horseshoe crabs on beaches near active oyster aquaculture farms on the New Jersey Delaware Bayshore (poster). 148th Annual Meeting of the American Fisheries Society Communicating the Science of Fisheries Conservation to Diverse Audiences. Atlantic City, New Jersey, Aug. 19-23, 2018.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Other
Year Published:
2018
Citation:
Bushek, D., L. Calvo, L. Marxen, R. Carnegie, R. Rheault, and L. Gustafson. Interactive talk: Building a shellfish health database to facilitate shellfish transfers. 110th Annual Meeting of the National Shellfisheries Association, Seattle, WA, March 18 22, 2018.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Other
Year Published:
2018
Citation:
Rheault, R., D. Bushek, L. Calvo, R. Carnegie, K. Hudson, and L. Gustafson, Interactive talk: Developing a shellfish hatchery biosecurity certification program. 110th Annual Meeting of the National Shellfisheries Association, Seattle, WA, March 18 22, 2018.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Other
Year Published:
2018
Citation:
Morson, Munroe, Ashton-Alcox, Powell, Bushek, Gius. Density-dependent capture efficiency of a survey dredge and its influence on the stock assessment of Eastern oysters (Crassostrea virginica) in Delaware Bay. 110th Annual Meeting of the National Shellfisheries Association, Seattle, WA, March 18 22, 2018.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Other
Year Published:
2018
Citation:
Rheault, R., D. Bushek, L. Calvo, L. Marxen, R. Carnegie, K. Hudson and L. Gustafson. Rationalizing interstate seed transfers with hatchery certification and documenting regional disease prevalence. 38th Milford Aquaculture Seminar, Shelton, CT, Jan. 8-10, 2018.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Other
Year Published:
2018
Citation:
Rudders, Roman, Fisher, Bushek, Munroe, Bochenek, McGurk. Investigation of the scallop nematode, sulcascaris sulcata: distribution, seasonality, shedding, transmission, thermal tolerance, and host impact. 110th Annual Meeting of the National Shellfisheries Association, Seattle, WA, March 18 22, 2018.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Other
Year Published:
2018
Citation:
Ben-Horin, Audemard, Bushek, Calvo, Reece. The effects of aerial exposure at low tide on vibrio concentrations in harvested oysters cultured in the intertidal. 110th Annual Meeting of the National Shellfisheries Association, Seattle, WA, March 18 22, 2018.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Other
Year Published:
2018
Citation:
Munroe, Bushek, P, Woodruff, Calvo. Horseshoe crab passage through rack-and-bag oyster farms. 110th Annual Meeting of the National Shellfisheries Association, Seattle, WA, March 18 22, 2018.
|
Progress 10/01/16 to 09/30/17
Outputs Target Audience:This HATCH project targets shellfish researchers, producers (farmers) and harvesters (fishermen) as well as the regulatory agencies and the non-profit shellfish restoration community involved with and interested in shellfish resources in coastal and marine habitats. In many rural areas, shellfish producers and harvesters are members of economically depressed communities that are often educationally disadvantaged as a result. A specific target during this period was the community of oyster farmers, aquauclture regulators (federal and state) and the bird conservation community over the potential impact between oyster aquaculture and protection of the federally threated red knot, a migratory shore bird using habitats near intertidal oyster aquaculture farms. The project also specifically targeted the offshore ocean scallop fishery, the broader Delaware Bay oyster industry, the east coast shellfish industry (including regulators and pathologists), and the marsh shoreline restoration and protection community. Changes/Problems:A lack of trust from conservationists in scientists working on shellfish issues was unanticipated and required a fair bit of effort to overcome. This problem created difficulties in getting them to participate in discussions regarding the perceived conflict between intertidal shellfish aquaclture and conservation measures necessary to protect red knots and ensure opportunities for its recovery were not impeded by aquaculture activities. As a result, key conservation groups refused to attend a workshop to plan the symposium on red knots and intertidal oyster aquaculture. Without their participation, the pertinent regulators followed suit for fear that they would be veiwed as taking a biased stance and potentially sued. The solution for the symposium was to incorporate bird conservation scientists that were trusted by the conservation community on the symposium planning committee. The symposium was successful, but progress remains slow and difficult, although it is moving forward cooperatively. What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?A workshop and a symposium were held to provide shellfish producers, regulators and conservationists the opportunity to learn about the science behind intertidal oyster aquaculture, the migration of red knots to feed on horseshoe crab eggs in Delaware Bay, the management of horseshoe crabs, and the interaction of all three as conservation of the red knot imposes restrictions on the development of intertidal oyster aquaculture in Delware Bay. To date, science appears to indicate that current aquaculture activities have no detectable impact on horseshoe crabs or red knots, but strict precautionary measures are in place as additional research is conducted. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?Results have been dissemenated via workshops, symposia, presentations at scientific conferences, publication of scientific papers and technical reports, via video productions posted on the web and through interviews with the media. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?Continue the work described above.
Impacts What was accomplished under these goals?
1. A stock assessment of the Delaware Bay oyster population was completed that included monthly surveillance of disease and mortality of the natural population in the fishery. This assessment, funded in part by the state of New Jersey, provided recomendations on the annual quota for 2017. Research funded by the industry supported Scallop Fishery Research Set Aside (RSA) program was completed to investigate the infestation and spread of a nematode parasitic worm in the mid-Atlantic sea scallop fishery. 2. Work continued to evaluate the effects of intertidal production of oysters in New Jersey and Virginia on vibrio bacteria levels and the perceived risks this poses to human health. Best management recommendations for harvesting intertidal oysters will be provided following completion of data analysis and should guide producers and regulators alike. Funding for this is provided by NOAA Sea Grant Aquaculture Program. 3. Two projects were funded to begin in September 2017. The first is funded by the NOAA Saltonstall-Kennedy Program and will create an interactive database for use by regulators, industry, pathologists and academics to understand the distribution of shellfish pathogens and how that relates to disease risk via shellfish transfers. The second, funded by NOAA Sea Grant Aquaculture program will facilitate the creation of a hatchery certification program to improve biosecurity while reducing economic impacts and practical limitations on shellfish hatcheries. Both build upon prior efforts to identify problems and needs. 4. Working in collaboration with The Nature Conservancy and the Partnership for the Delwaware Estuary, living shoreline projects at two locations in Delaware Bay were sampled to evaluate the potential to create oyster reef communities and determine how nekton and other organisms utilize living shorelines.
Publications
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2017
Citation:
Paterno J., L. Calvo, R. Jordan, and D. 2017. Activity: One Fish, Two Fish-Assessing the Habitat Value of Restored Oyster Reefs: Using Scientific Research in the Classroom. Current: The Journal of Marine Education, 31(1):2-10.
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2017
Citation:
Munroe D, Bushek D, Woodruff P, Calvo L. 2017. Intertidal rack-and-bag oyster farms have limited interaction with horseshoe crab activity in New Jersey, USA. Aquacult Environ Interact 9:205-211. https://doi.org/10.3354/aei00227
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2017
Citation:
Munroe. D., S Borsetti, K. Ashton-Alcox, D. Bushek. 2017. Early Post-Settlement Growth in Wild Eastern Oyster (Crassostrea virginica Gemlin 1791) Populations. Estuaries and Coasts, 40(3):880-888. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12237-016-0185-y
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2017
Citation:
Bidegain, G., E.N. Powell, J.M. Klinck, E.E. Hofmann, T. Ben-Horin, D. Bushek, S.E. Ford, D.M. Munroe, and X. Guo. 2017. Modeling the transmission of Perkinsus marinus in the Eastern oyster Crassostrea virginica. Fisheries Research, 186(1): 8293. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fishres.2016.08.006
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2016
Citation:
Luckenbach, M.W., J.N. Kraeuter and D. Bushek. 2016. Assessing the effects of clam aquaculture on nektonic and benthic assemblages in two shallow water estuaries. J. Shellfish Research, 35(4):757-775. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.2983/035.035.0405
- Type:
Other
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2017
Citation:
Ashton-Alcox, K., D. Bushek, J Gius, J. Morson and D. Munroe. 2017. Stock Assessment Workshop: New Jersey Delaware Bay Oyster Beds (19th SAW) February 14-15, 2016. Final Report. 127 pp.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Other
Year Published:
2017
Citation:
Bushek, D. Shellfish Diseases, Transport Concerns / Regulatory Needs, and Current Research from the Haskin Shellfish Reseach, Rutgers University. 2017 Northeast Fish Culture Chief / Fish Health Committee Annual Meeting, Galloway, NJ, July 18-20, 2017
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Other
Year Published:
2017
Citation:
Rudders, D.B., S. Roman, R. Fisher, J. McDowell, D. Bushek, D. Munroe, E. Bochenek, E. McGurk. An Investigation into the Scallop Parasite Outbreak on the Mid-Atlantic Shelf: Transmission Pathways, Spatio-Temporal Variation of Infection, and Consequences to Marketability. Sea Scallop PDT/AP Meeting, May 4, 2017, Boston, MA
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Other
Year Published:
2017
Citation:
Burge, C.A., T. Ben-Horin, M.L. Groner, R. Carnegie, D. Bushek and E. Hofmann. 2017. Pathogen Source or Sink: The Potential Role of Bivalve Aquaculture in Mitigating Disease Risk. 109th Annual Meeting National Shellfisheries Association, March 26 30, 2017, Knoxville, TN, USA
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Other
Year Published:
2017
Citation:
Bushek, D. I. Burt and S. Ford. 2017. Interannual Seasonal Patterns of Perkinsus Marinus Infections and Oyster Mortality in Delaware Bay. 109th Annual Meeting National Shellfisheries Association, March 26 30, 2017, Knoxville, TN, USA.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Other
Year Published:
2017
Citation:
Calvo, L.M., M.P. De Luca and D. Bushek. 2017. Threatened Birds Endanger Oyster Farms. 109th Annual Meeting National Shellfisheries Association, March 26 30, 2017, Knoxville, TN, USA.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Other
Year Published:
2017
Citation:
Carnegie, R.B. and D. Bushek. 2017. Progress Toward Streamlining Shellfish Health Management. 109th Annual Meeting National Shellfisheries Association, March 26 30, 2017, Knoxville, TN, USA.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Other
Year Published:
2017
Citation:
Maslo, B. J.L. Lockwood, D. Bushek and J. Burger. Interactions between a threatened shorebird and oyster aquaculture in new jersey: do farms impact red knot habitat use and foraging? 109th Annual Meeting National Shellfisheries Association, March 26 30, 2017, Knoxville, TN, USA
- Type:
Other
Status:
Other
Year Published:
2016
Citation:
Bushek, D. Sustaining oyster fishery habitat and oyster fishery harvests in Delaware Bay. A symposium for Marylands oyster industry: Innovative ideas from around the country. Chesapeake Bay Maritime Museum, St Michaels, MD, October 23, 2016.
- Type:
Other
Status:
Other
Year Published:
2016
Citation:
Bushek, D., L. Calvo and J. Paterno, Past, Present and Future of the Oyster Fishery in Delaware Bay. Lecture to Billion Oyster Projects NSF-funded teacher training curriculum. Pace University, New York, NY, October 18, 2016.
- Type:
Other
Status:
Other
Year Published:
2016
Citation:
Paterno, J., L. Calvo and D. Bushek. One Fish, Two Fish: An Educational Pilot Study. Lecture and exercise demo to Billion Oyster Projects NSF-funded teacher training curriculum. Pace University, New York, NY, October 18, 2016.
- Type:
Other
Status:
Other
Year Published:
2016
Citation:
Bushek, D. Oysters in NJ and research at the Rutgers Haskin Shellfish Research Lab. Barnegat Bay Shellfish Restoration Program Guest Lecture. Rutgers Cooperative Extension, NJAES. Toms River, NJ, September 20, 2016.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Other
Year Published:
2017
Citation:
Reece, K., C. Audemard, T. Ben-Horin, L. Calvo and D. Bushek. Strategies to minimize risks associated with human pathogenic Vibrio spp.in farm-raised oysters grown in the US Mid-Atlantic region. Annual Shellfish Conference of the Pacific Coast Shellfish Growers Association. September 19-21, 2017. Welches, OR.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Other
Year Published:
2017
Citation:
Bushek, D., R. B. Carnegie and L. Gustafson. Building a New Model for Regional Management of Shellfish Health on the US East Coast. ICES World Caf� Theme Session R: Addressing social and ecological challenges to advance marine aquaculture in a rapidly changing environment. ICES Annual Science Conference 2017, Sep 18-21, 2017, Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Other
Year Published:
2017
Citation:
Calvo, L.M., M P. De Luca and D. Bushek. Threatened Birds Endanger Oyster Farms (Poster). ICES World Caf� Theme Session R: Addressing social and ecological challenges to advance marine aquaculture in a rapidly changing environment. ICES Annual Science Conference 2017, Sep 18-21, 2017, Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2017
Citation:
Audemard, C., T. Ben-Horin, D. Bushek, L. Calvo, K. Reece. Influence of Grow-Out Conditions on Levels of Human-Pathogenic Vibrio spp. in Oysters from the Mid-Atlantic Region. American Association for Microbiology (ASM) 2017, New Orleans, LA, June 1-5, 2017. Poster.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Other
Year Published:
2017
Citation:
Ben-Horin, T., C. Audemard, D. Bushek, L.M. Calvo, K.S. Reece. 2017. A Hierarchical Bayesian Model Estimating Microbial Concentrations from Most Probable Number Data. 109th Annual Meeting National Shellfisheries Association, March 26 30, 2017, Knoxville, TN, USA
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Other
Year Published:
2017
Citation:
Munroe, D., K. Ashton-Alcox, J. Morson and D. Bushek. 2017. The Role of Fishery Enhancement in the Sustainable Oyster Fishery in Delaware Bay. 109th Annual Meeting National Shellfisheries Association, March 26 30, 2017, Knoxville, TN, USA
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Other
Year Published:
2017
Citation:
Munroe, D., D. Bushek and L. Calvo. 2017. Horseshoe Crab Activity and Interactions on Rack-and-Bag Oyster Farms. 109th Annual Meeting National Shellfisheries Association, March 26 30, 2017, Knoxville, TN, USA.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Other
Year Published:
2017
Citation:
Borsetti, S., D. Munroe, K. Alcox and D. Bushek. Early Post Settlement Growth in Wild Eastern Oyster (Crassostrea virginica Gemlin 1791) Populations. Poster, Delaware Estuary Science and Environmental Summit 2017, Cape May, NJ, January 22-25, 2017
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Other
Year Published:
2017
Citation:
Kreeger, D., J. Moody, K. Cheng and D. Bushek. Blue Collar Bivalves, Water Quality and Project ROI, Oh My. Oral Presentation, Delaware Estuary Science and Environmental Summit 2017, Cape May, NJ, January 22-25, 2017.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Other
Year Published:
2017
Citation:
Moody, J., D. Kreeger, D. Bushek and A. Padeletti. The Delaware Estuary Living Shoreline Initiative (DELSI): Results and Lessons Learned Regarding Three Treatments in the Maurice River, NJ. Oral presentation, Delaware Estuary Science and Environmental Summit 2017, Cape May, NJ, January 22-25, 2017.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Other
Year Published:
2017
Citation:
Moody, J., D. Kreeger, A. Padeletti and D. Bushek. Application of a Goal-Based Monitoring Framework for Assessing Performance of Living Shoreline Projects. Oral presentation, Delaware Estuary Science and Environmental Summit 2017, Cape May, NJ, January 22-25, 2017.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Other
Year Published:
2017
Citation:
Munroe, D., Bushek, D., Calvo, L. 2017. Horseshoe Crab Activity and Interactions on Rack-and-Bag Oyster Farms. Oral presentation, Northeast Aquaculture Conference & Exposition, Providence, RI, Jan. 11-13, 2017. Poster presentation, Delaware Estuary Science and Environmental Summit 2017, Cape May, NJ, January 22-25, 2017
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Other
Year Published:
2017
Citation:
Paterno, J., L. Calvo, D. Bushek and M. Katkowski. Whats Living On Living Shorelines? Monitoring A Hybrid Living Shoreline Project In Delaware Bay. Oral presentation, Delaware Estuary Science and Environmental Summit 2017, Cape May, NJ, January 22-25, 2017
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Other
Year Published:
2017
Citation:
Woodruff, P. and D. Bushek. Horseshoe Crabs on Beaches Near Active Oyster Aquaculture Farms on the New Jersey Delaware Bayshore. Poster presentation, Delaware Estuary Science and Environmental Summit 2017, Cape May, NJ, January 22-25, 2017.
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Progress 03/01/16 to 09/30/16
Outputs Target Audience:Target Audiences: This HATCH project targets shellfish researchers, producers (farmers) and harvesters (fishermen) as well as the regulatory agencies and the non-profit shellfish restoration community involved with and intersted in shellfish resources in coastal and marine habitats. In many rural areas, shellfish producers and harvesters are members of economically depressed communities that are often educationally disadvantaged as a result. Efforts: Several profession publications, presentations, workshops and lectures were made that reached these audiences. Working with the Delaware Bay NJ Shellfisheries Council, the NJ Bureau of Shellfisheries and Industry parterns we completed collections and processing of monthly samples from several set stations and several actively managed sites (shell plant and transplant sites) across the Delaware Bay oyster beds. Data were reported as analyzed at monthly shellfish council meetings and a report is being prepared for the Feb 2017 Annual Stock Assessment Workshop. The 2016 Delaware Bay Stock Assessment workshop has been distributed via the Haskin Shellfish Research Laboratory website (http://hsrl.rutgers.edu/SAWreports/index.htm). Infomation from an ongoing Vibrio study comparing harvest practices for intertidal and subtidal oyster cultivation was presented at the 68th Interstate Seafood Seminar & North East Shellfish Sanitation Association Conference. Lectures were provided to the Banegat Bay Shellfish Restoration Program as part of their continuing education program. A USDA APHIS Vision Project supported a workshop in Annapolis, MD during July 2016 to identify the needs for developing a participant-driven shellfish disease database and survelliance program. CNN interview for National Oyster Day aired across many outlets on August 6, 2016. Changes/Problems:
Nothing Reported
What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?Several interns were provided the opportunity to gain hands-on experiences and training in a variety of procedures and protocals including data entry and analysis. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?Findings have been communicated via oral and written reports at council meetings, teacher training workshops, and invited seminars. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?Continue the work plan with efforts as described above.
Impacts What was accomplished under these goals?
Oyster farms in New Jersey are concentrated on the extensive intertidal sand flats of the lower Delaware Bay where they are exposed twice daily during low tide. Previous studies from the Pacific Northwest indicate that intertidal exposure accelerates the proliferation of Vibrios, increasing the risk to human health. We conducted a preliminary study to test whether this result applies to mid-Atlantic intertidal environments. Oysters were collected from subtidal and intertidal rack and bag grow-out systems monthly from June through August 2014. Samples were collected at the initial exposure of intertidal oysters on the receding tide, and then at three and 24 hours following this initial exposure. Total and pathogenic Vp levels were enumerated using a most-probable number quantitative PCR assay with probes targeting the thermolabile direct hemolysin (tlh) and thermostable direct hemolysin (tdh) genes associated with pathogenicity. Observed Vp densities (± 95%CI) ranged from 19 (5 - 68) to 1,100 (260 - 4,700)CFU/g for total Vp, 0 to 11 (3 - 43) CFU/g for trh, and 0 to 459 (100 - 2,100) CFU/g for tdh. A significant difference between levels of total and pathogenic Vp between subtidal and intertidal oysters was not seen, nor was there a significant increase in Vibrio burdens over the time course of low-tide exposure. This initial result suggests that the relationship between grow-out conditions and vibrio levels in oysters is not as straightforward as previously thought, and highlights the need for locally relevant aquaculture practices to minimize the risk of Vibrio illness. Regarding outputs, our group published several papers on work listed under products and are continuing most of these studies. Funding has been obtained to continue work on oyster diseases in Delaware Bay and initiate new investigations into a nematode infecting Ocean Scallops. Work continued on a study to examine how harvest practices affect Vibrio concentrations in oysters. Summaries were presented at key conferences. A second year of sampling was completed and is being worked up and analyzed. Funding was obtained from USDA APHIS to hold a scoping meeting on the requirements to develop a coast-wide shellfish health database that can be used to facilitate and control movement of seed to minimize the risk of spreading disease without compromising commerce. This included participation by industry, regulators, extension personnel and researchers/pathologists. Results led to the acceptence of a preliminary proposal to NOAA's S-K program and a full proposal has been submitted. Finally, we began evaluating several years of transplant and shellplant enhancement projects in the Delaware Bay in a statisitically robust fashion to determine the longevity of positive impacts. We are also working with two non-profits to evaluate oyster restoration components of living shoreline projects to assess oyster recruitment, survival and growth, as wel as nekton (fish, shimp and crabs) utililization of the structures.
Publications
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2016
Citation:
McGurk, E.S., S. Ford, and D. Bushek. 2016. Unusually abundant and large ciliate xenomas in oysters, Crassostrea virginica, from Great Bay, New Hampshire. J. Invert. Path., 137:23-32. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jip.2016.04.001
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2016
Citation:
Powell, E.N., R. Mann, K.A. Ashton-Alcox, Y. Kim and D. Bushek. 2016. The allometry of oysters: spatial and temporal variation in the lengthbiomass relationships for Crassostrea virginica. J. Mar. Biol. Assoc. UK, 96(5):1127-1144.
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2016
Citation:
Bushek, D. and S.E. Ford. 2016. Anthropogenic impacts on an oyster metapopulation: Pathogen introduction, climate change and responses to natural selection. Elem Sci Anth 4: 000119. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.12952/journal.elementa.000119
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Other
Year Published:
2016
Citation:
Bushek, D. and L. Calvo. Closing Plenary: Collaborative management and research managing oysters in Delaware Bay. NOAA Chesapeake Bay Office Oyster Summit. University of Mary Washington Stafford Campus, Fredericksburg, VA, February 18-19, 2016
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Other
Year Published:
2016
Citation:
Audemard Carnegie, C, K. Reece, T. Ben-Horin, L. Calvo and D. Bushek. Vibrio spp. in oysters cultured under subtidal and intertidal conditions: Virginia 2015 results. 68th Interstate Seafood Seminar & North East Shellfish Sanitation Association Conference, Galloway, NJ, April 5-7, 2016
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Other
Year Published:
2016
Citation:
Ben-Horin, T., , L. Calvo, D. Bushek, C. Audemard Carnegie and K. Reece. Total and Pathogenic Vibrio parahaemolyticus in Farmed Oysters at Subtidal and Intertidal Sites in New Jersey. 68th Interstate Seafood Seminar & North East Shellfish Sanitation Association Conference, Galloway, NJ, April 5-7, 2016
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