Progress 01/10/16 to 01/09/18
Outputs
Target Audience:Vegetable growers in both Puerto Rico and the southeastern USA Commercial and public vegetable breeders in the U.S. and globally Commercial and public pepper breeders in the U.S. and globally Vegetable seed companies Extension personal in Puerto Rico and across the U.S. who provide technical assistance to vegetable growers Home gardeners Consumers of fresh and processed vegetables and vegetable products Business people in the vegetable wholesale and retail industries Business people in the fertilizers wholesale and retail industries Plant pathologists Government planners Changes/Problems:
Nothing Reported
What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?Mainly, the attendanceto scientific meetings bythe PI and students. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?The project has produced variousfact-sheets and hostedfield days. The graduate student has presented his results at theSeminar class, and we have had manyphone calls and personal interactions with farmers and other interested parties. Now that the project is completed two peer reviewed publications are in the process of been published. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?
Nothing Reported
Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals?
In the disease component of this research we report that tomato chlorotic spot virus (TCVS) has recently emerged in commercial plantings of several crops including vegetables, ornamentals and peanuts in the Caribbean and Florida. So, through this project scientist were able to report and document new host for TCVS in Puerto Rico including sweet chili pepper. This information is important to growers, extension personnel, crop consultants and regulatory and research scientist I Puerto Rico, The Caribbean and Florida. The main recommendationto mitigate the TCSV is to usein field sowing when the thrips population is high. It is recommended to identify the species of the thrips before deciding on the application of insecticides. Frankliniella schultzei is the most efficient TCSV vector,so is very important to keep an eye in this vector. In terms of use of insecticides the rotation of synthetic insecticides is essential, since the thrips develop resistance easily. Its also important to rotate with biological insecticides. Natural defense activators can beusein sweet chili pepper production system. Here is a complete list of host including the new discover with this project (non-salanaceus weeds) • sweet chili pepper Capsicum chinense • eggplant Solanum melangona • Caupí Vigna sinensis • Chícharo Dolichus lablab • Escarola Cichorum endivia • Epidendron Epidendron spp. • common beans Phaseolus vulgaris • Jimsonweed Datura stramonium • lettuce Lactuca sativa • Lisianthus Lisianthus spp. • Miramelinda Impatiens walleriana • Peanut Arachis hypogaea • Phalaenopsis Phalaenopsis spp. • pepper Capsicum annum • Tabaco Nicotiana tabacum • Vinca Catharanthus roseus At present, there is a need to helpfarmers understand the best cultural management practices to reduce aphid-borne virus diseases, as well as to generate horticultural production field data on the new sweet chili pepper germplasm in order to obtain good farm revenue. For our Objective 1: Determine and compare the effectiveness of combinations of reflectorized plant coatings and/or soil mulches in delaying and/or reducing the development of aphid-borne virus diseases and subsequent crop loss in sweet pepper vegetable varieties. We foundthat the use of dry grass (hay) reduced the number of thrips per plants when compare to plastic mulch - the most common agricultural practice in sweet chili pepper production field. In relation to the infection under both treatments we found that there is not a positive correlation between the type of mulchused with the incidence of virus diseases. Virus diseases arerelated to climate effects and not to mechanic or cultural practices. For objective 2we found that sweet chili pepper does not need a high input ofNPK. Itseems thatthe gene pool that these varieties have make them very efficient in the uptake of nutrients. However, its necessary to provide the minimal amount of NPK in order to have profitable production. The results suggests that the use of green fertilizers before theestablishment of a new field is benneficial for the crop. Yield can be increased by 15% when compare to conventional production systems.
Publications
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2016
Citation:
Linares-Ram�rez, A.M. and Y. Rodriguez. 2016. Optimizing plant density and production systems to maxime yield of sweet chili pepper (Capsicum chinense L). Acta de la Sociedad Puertorrique�a de Ciencias Agr�colas, Noviembre 2016, Corozal, PR p.47
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Under Review
Year Published:
2017
Citation:
Esteves De Jensen, C., I. Badillo-Vargas, G. Frantz, H. Mellinger, W. Turecheck, S. Hutton, J. Funderburk, R. Naidu and S. Adkins. 2017. First report of tomato chlorotic spot virus in non-solanaceos weeds erect spiderling (Boerhavia erecta) and asian spiderflower (Cleome viscosa) and sweet chili pepper (Capsicum chinense) in Puerto Rico. Plant HealthProgress 18:17-18.
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Progress 01/10/16 to 09/30/16
Outputs
Target Audience:For this reporting period, the project targets public and private sector scientists (plant pathologists, agronomists, extension agents, virologists, plant breeders, researchers), as well as home gardeners, commercial sweet chili pepper growers, and general audience (students, housewifes). Changes/Problems:
Nothing Reported
What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?The project PI attended one local conference (Puerto Rican Society of Agricultural Scientists-SOPCA) where she had the opportunity to increase her knowledge and expertise in vegetable production and in the needs of the industry. She also participated in several field days held in the south coast of the Island where the main activity of vegetable production takes place. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?A training was held at the Isabela Research Substation with approximately 95 participants in attendance including, general audience, extension agents, growers, and home gardeners. Descriptions of recently released varieties of sweet chili pepper (ají) were provided. A special topic was discussed with the audience, viral diseases and vector management and the use of Beauveria bassiana as a way to control the pepper weevil. Also, through an initiative call "Del campo a la mesa" housewives had the opportunity to know the culinary aspects of the aji among varieties and how they can grow them at home. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?
Nothing Reported
Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals?
To evaluate plant density and plant distance of the sweet chili pepper varieties recently released: Four trials were performed over the period of one year at Lajas Substation. Plant distance of 0.4, 0.6 and 0.7 m and plant density of 7, 8 and 10 plants/plot were evaluated. The five cultivars Bonanza, Pasion, Amanecer, Encanto and Carnaval were planted in a randomized complete block design wit a split plot arrangement with four replicates. Among cultivars there were significant differences for yield. Bonanza showed the highest yield while Pasion showed the lowest. Regarding plant distance and plant density, no significant differences were found among cultivars.
Publications
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