Progress 02/01/16 to 01/31/19
Outputs
Target Audience:The target audience of this project includes citrus growers, production managers, citrus and other food crop researchers, industry partners, consumers, regulators and general public. Disseminating information to growers and farmers: 1.FL Citrus Show (Fort Pierce, Florida) - January 24-25, 2018: A team of 1 graduate student, 1 postdoc and 1 Faculty attended this annual event to share the research results on citrus and HLB with growers and community. 2.Citrus Diseases Subcommittee Meeting (Fort Pierce, Florida), January 25, 2018: A team of1 postdoc and1 Faculty attended to the meeting to present the results ofthisfunded project, and discuss grower's priorities for future researches. 3.FL Citrus Expo - August 14-15, 2018 (Citrus seminar and trade show: A team of 1 graduate student, 1 postdoc, 1 Faculty attended to this event to learn about HLB impact on citrus groves, including yield, ACP control, new tools for disease control, etc. 4. MISA 3rd Annual Symposium (Orlando, Florida) - October 31st - November 1st, 2018:A two-day symposium was conducted in the University of Central Florida Campus. The symposium had representatives from all the target audience population. The two-day symposium provided the platform for researchers to present their findings pertaining to HLB disease prevention and treatment. Visiting scientists from 6 Countries,8 Universities, 4 Governmental Agencies,5 Industry Partners and24 Invited Speakers were in attendance. The symposium also hosted the local growers and packers who appreciated the opportunity to interact with scientists and more importantly they were excited to learn about the current work that can result in field-usable products to control citrus canker and citrus greening. 69 attendees includingfaculty members,industry affiliates and students (graduates and undergraduates) joined the symposium. A young scientist session was included in the program to give opportunity to graduate students and posdocs present their research. 5. MISA website: In order tohelp with disseminating the information about the activities of the MISA center, the MISA website has been updated and can be accessed from anywhere in the world (http://nanoscience.ucf.edu/misa/). The website was reformulated to impove the accessibility and facilitate the interface with the community. 6. MISA Session at NanoFlorida Conference (Melbourne, FL) - October 5-6, 2018: A team of6 Faculties, 16 Students (14 graduate, 2 undergaduate), and 2 postdocsmembers joined NanoFlorida Conference. All members participate on the special session entitled "Nanotechnology in Agriculture". Changes/Problems:
Nothing Reported
What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?1. FL Citrus Show (Fort Pierce, Florida) - January 24-25, 2018: 1 graduate student, 1 postdoc, 1 Faculty. 2. Citrus Diseases Subcommittee Meeting (Fort Pierce, Florida), January 25, 2018: 1 postdoc, 1 Faculty. 3. PITTCON 2018 (Orlando, FL) February 25- March 1st, 2018: 1 graduate student. 4. 7th International Congress on Ceramics (Foz do Iguacu, Brazil), June 17-21, 2018: 1 postdoc, 1 Faculty. 5. 2018 USA Crop & Chemicals (Raleigh/NC) July 23-25, 2018: 1 postdoc, 1 Faculty. 6. International Congress of Plant Pathology (Boston, MA) July 29-August 3, 2018: 1 Faculty and 1 posdoc. 7. FL Citrus Expo - Citrus seminar and trade show, August 14-15, 2018: 1 graduate student, 1 postdoc, 1 Faculty. 8. World Congress on Biosensors and Bioelectronics, Chicago, IL, Aug. 20-21, 2018: 1 Faculty. 9. MISA Session at NanoFlorida Conference (Melbourne, FL) - October 5-6, 2018: 6 Faculties, 16 Students (14 graduate and 2 undergraduate), 2 postdocs. 10. Water Quality Technology Conference and Exhibition, Toronto, Canada, November 11-15, 2018: 1 graduate student. 11. MISA 3rd Annual Symposium (Orlando, Florida) - October 31st - November 1st, 2018: The 2018 MISA Symposium had 69 attendees represented by: • 6 Countries • 8 Universities • 4 Governmental Agencies • 5 Industry Partners • 24 Invited Speakers How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?Publications: 1. Mikaeel Young, Ali Ozcan, Parthiban Rajasekaran, Preeti Kumrah, Monty E Myers, Evan Johnson, James H Graham, Swadeshmukul Santra. Fixed-Quat: An Attractive Nonmetal Alternative to Copper Biocides against Plant Pathogens. Journal of agricultural and food chemistry (2018) 66:50, 13056-13064. 2. Church, J. and Lee, W.H. (2018) A novel approach for in situ monitoring of Zn2+ in citrus plants using two-step square waver anodic stripping voltammetry, MRS Communications, 8(2), 404-410. 3. Church, J., Armas, S.M., Patel P.K., Chumbimuni-Torres, K., and Lee, W.H., (2018) Development and characterization of needle-type ion-selective microsensors for in situ determination of foliar uptake of Zn2+ in citrus plants, Electroanalysis, 30 (4), 626-632. 4. Ma, X.†, Armas, S., Soliman, M., Lytle, D.A., Chumbimuni-Torres, K., Tetard, L., and Lee, W.H.* (2018) In situ monitoring of Pb2+ leaching from the galvanic joint surface in a prepared chlorinated drinking water, Environmental Science & Technology, 52, 2126-2133. 5. Mendis, H. C., A. Ozcan, S. Santra, and L. De La Fuente. A novel Zn chelate (TSOL) that moves systemically in plants inhibits citrus bacterial pathogens growth and biofilm formation. Under review at PLoS One. 6. Liu et al, "Antimicrobial Zn-Based "TSOL" for Citrus Greening Management: Insights from Spectroscopy and Molecular Simulation ", Under revision at J. Agric. Food Chem. Oral and Poster presentations: Oral: Maria Campos, Mikaeel Young, Ali Ozcan, Parthiban Rajasekaran, A. Strayer, YY. Liao, Monty E. Myers, Evan Johnson, James H. Graham, J. B. Jones, M. L. Paret and Swadeshmukul Santra. "Innovation for Sustainable Agriculture", 2018 Annual Symposium - FL Chapter of the AVS Science and Technology Society - Orlando/FL-USA, March 2018. Campos, M.G.N., Rajasekaran, P., Prajapati, R.K., Das, S., Huang, Z., Smith, S., Soliman, M., Church, J., Armas, M., Liu, S-H., Edmunds, W., Labbe, N., Chumbimuni-Torres, K.Y., Lee, W.H., Petridis, L., Tetard, L., Santra, S., MS3T - A novel multifunctional platform for health management of HLB affected citrus trees, 7th International Congress on Ceramics, Foz do Iguacu, Brazil, June 17-21, 2018 (invited talk). Young, M., Ozcan, A., Rajasekaran, P., Strayer, A., Liao, Y., Myers, M. E., Johnson, E., Graham, J. H., Jones, J. B., Paret, M. L. and Santra, S., "Copper, Zinc and Magnesium based bactericides/fungicides for crop protection", ICC7 - 7th International Congress on Ceramics, 62° CONGRESSO BRASILEIRO DE CERÂMICAS, Ceramizing the Future for a Sustainable Society, Foz do Iguacu - PR - Brazil, June 17-21, 2018. M.G.N. Campos, P. Rajasekaran, R.K. Prajapati, Smurti Das, Z. Huang, S. Smith, M. Soliman, J. Church, S. M. Armas, S-H Liu, C.W. Edmunds, N. Labbe, K.C. Torres, W.H. Lee, L. Petridis, L. Tetard, E.G. Johnson, S. Santra. MS3T - A novel multifunctional platform for health management of HLB affected citrus trees. Crop & Chemicals, Raleigh/NC, USA, July 2018 (invited talk). Lee, W.H.*, Development, characterization, and application of needle-type microsensors for in situ monitoring of ions in citrus plants, World Congress on Biosensors and Bioelectronics, Chicago, IL, Aug. 20-21, 2018. 7. Santra, S., "Emerging Copper Alternatives for Crop Protection", NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, September 4, 2018. L. De La Fuente. Interactions of plant-associated bacteria with their hosts. Seminar presentation at the Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Auburn University, September 10, 2018. Swadeshmukul Santra. Multifunctional surface/sub-surface/systemic therapeutic technology for HLB management. 3rd MISA Symposium, Orlando, FL, October 31st-November 2nd, 2018. Santra, S., "Advanced Bactericide/Fungicide Formulations for Crop Protection", University of Guelph - Ridgetown Campus, Ontario, Canada, March 14, 2019. Poster: Campos, M. G. N., Parthiban Rajasekaran, Rajneesh Kumar Prajapati, Smurti Das, Ziyang Huang, Stephen Smith, Mikhael Soliman, Jared Church, Stephanie M. Armas, Shih-Hsien Liu, Karin Chumbimuni Torres, Woo Hyoung Lee, Loukas Petridis, Laurene Tetard and Swadeshmukul Santra. Multifunctional Surface/Sub-surface/Systemic Therapeutic Technology (MS3T), Citrus Diseases Subcommittee Meeting, January 2018. Church, J., Armas, S.M., Chumbimuni-Torres, K., and Lee, W.H. Development, characterization, and application of needle-type ion-selective microelectrodes for in situ monitoring of Zn2+ and Na+ in citrus plants. PITTCON 2018, Orlando, Fl. February 25- March 1st, 2018. Mendis, H. S Santra, M. Young, P. Rajasekaran, E. Johnson, and L. De La Fuente. Evaluation of novel Zinc-based antimicrobial formulations to control growth and biofilm formation of Xanthomonas citri and Liberibacter crescens. International Congress of Plant Pathology, Boston, USA, July 29-August 3, 2018. Church, J. and Lee, W.H., Development, characterization, and application of needle-type microsensors for in situ monitoring of ions citrus plants, 10th Annual Graduate Research Colloquium, Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, UCF, Aug. 15, 2018. Mendis, H., M. Young, A. Ozcan, S. Santra, E. Johnson, and L. De La Fuente. Evaluation of novel Zn-based materials to control growth and biofilm formation of citrus bacterial pathogens. MISA (Materials Innovation for Sustainable Agriculture) Symposium, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, October 30-November 2, 2018. Church, J., Ma, X., and Lee, W.H., Simultaneous in situ monitoring of Pb2+, Cu2+ and Zn2+ from a galvanic joint in a chlorinated water using a SWASV microelectrode, Proceedings, American Water Work Association, Water Quality Technology Conference and Exhibition, Toronto, Canada, November 11-15, 2018. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?
Nothing Reported
Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals?
1.1. Zinc/quaternary ammonia ratio was fixed to 4/1 and concentration of stable MS3T stock solution is 50,000ppm metallic zinc/12,500ppm DDAC. 1.2.1. Zinc and DDAC release was evaluated by AAS and Disulfine Blue Assay, respectively. Results showed that clay matrix released Zn (TSOL-U) at higher rate than DDAC. 1.2.2.Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations and density functional theory (DFT) calculations elucidated the solution structure of TSOL.GROMACS simulation code was employed for each of the five instances. MD simulations and DFT calculations further revealed a water-mediated interaction between Zn2+ and H2O2, which likely facilitates the generation of highly reactive hydroxyl radicals contributing to superior antimicrobial potency of TSOL. 1.2.3.1. MS3T was serially diluted in Lysogeny Broth (LB), Nutrient Broth (NB) or Brain Heart Infusion broth (BHIB) to determine MIC for E. coli, X. alfalfae, P. syringae and C. michiganensis. Since antimicrobial properties of MS3T come from both Zn(NO3)2 and DDAC, we determined both metallic zinc and DDAC concentration at each serial dilution of MS3T. MIC of MS3T for E. coli, X. alfalfae, P. syringae, C. michiganensis were 6 ppm/24ppm, 1.5ppm/6ppm, 1.5ppm/6ppm, 0.38ppm/1.5ppm (metallic zinc/DDAC) respectively. Clay component of MS3T interfere with biofilm assay measurements. Therefore, MBEC was not determined. 1.2.3.2. Minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) was determined by plating of bacteria on LB agar, NB agar and BHI agar plates after treatment with MS3T. No CFU after plating indicates bacterial killing by the MS3T treatment. MBC of MS3T for E. coli, X. alfalfae, P. syringae and C. michiganensis were 6ppm/24ppm, 1.5ppm/6ppm, 1.5ppm/6ppm and 0.76ppm/3ppm (metallic zinc/DDAC) respectively. 1.2.4. Rainfastness of the MS3T materials was assessed using grapefruit tree leaves. The presence of clay in the formulation improved MS3T rainfastness compared to TSOL. 1.2.5.EPK-clay in MS3T composition reduced phytotoxicity of the active ingredients, DDAC and Zn ions by minimizing direct contact to plant tissue. 1.2.6. Cytotoxicity evaluation of MS3T active ingredient zinc nitrate was assessed using murine macrophages (J774), lung epithelial cells (A549) and human dermal fibroblasts (HDF). No sign of cytotoxicity (cell viability inferior to 80%) was observed for metallic Zn concentration of up to 12.500 μg/mL for HDF, 6.125 μg/mL for A549, and 3.125 μg/mL for J774. 2.1. Foliar uptake rates of Zn2+ were successfully measured using microelectrode ion flux estimation (MIFE) techniques at surface level. We have also evaluated the role of H2O2 in the MS3T formulation and found H2O2 has no impact on the foliar uptake of Zn2+, aligned with our prediction from MD and DFT simulation work. For the sub-surface level detection of Zn2+, we developed a new solid metal type microelectrode and measured Zn2+ concentration at the sub-surface level of citrus tree samples using a square wave anodic stripping voltammetry (SWASV). 2.1.1. XRF, NIR and ICP-MS data were collected of the leaves (lab scale experiments and field trials). The data indicated the presence of Zn in the leaves as a result of treatments. Prior to data collection the leaves were washed following a previously validated protocol to remove surface Zinc. A model was established to show the correlation for the data. 2.1.2.1. X. citri (Xcc) and Liberibacter crescens (Lcr) were grown in microfluidic chambers and allowed to form biofilm. Time-lapse video imaging microscopy showed that TSOL inhibits further growth of Xcc and Lcr biofilm at 60 ppm. However, 60 ppm TSOL concentration did not disrupt already formed Xcc and Lcr biofilm. 2.1.2.2. The developed microsensors was used to observe the transport of Zn2+ from solution into the leaf of the citrus plants as well as the transport of Zn2+ to the vascular system. In addition to Zn2+ ion-selective microelectrode, a Na+ and conductivity microsensors were developed to determine the systemic movement of ions in citrus plants. We also developed a SWASV microsensor to qualitatively evaluate the systemic movement of Zn2+ in the vascular bundle of citrus plants. It was found that the Zn2+ microelectrodes were limited by copper's interference. 2.1.2.3. AAS was employed to quantify Zn in leaf tissue samples from the 2018 field trial. Results indicate that TSOL and MS3T treated samples had elevated Zn content when compared to untreated controls. The Zn content in TSOL and MS3T treated samples continued to increase with successive treatments, achieving on average double the Zn content by the third spray application (foliar spray applied every 21 days) when compared to untreated controls. While untreated leaf tissue maintained an approximate Zn content range of 60-100 ug/gm of plant dry mass, the treated leaf tissue samples exhibited a Zn content greater than 250 ug/gm of plant dry mass on average by the third spray application. By the fourth spray application, a saturation limit of Zn was observed in the range of 450-600 ug/gm of plant dry mass, maintaining these limits throughout the remaining duration of the field trial. 2.2. Greenhouse canker trials did not show consistent significant systemic efficacy (leaf infiltration inoculation) of TSOL, Fixed Quat, or MS3T compared to the untreated controls.This suggests that most of the canker effects observed in the grapefruit field trial below are a result of bactericidal activity on the surface of the leaf rather than systemic efficacy. Greenhouse trials for HLB were difficult to assess because of the lack of an effective method for determining live/dead CLas. Attempts to use the published PMA method were ineffective. The pure heat killed culture showed a 3-4 log reduction in qPCR quantification while the culture mixed with ground midrib showed no reduction in qPCR quantification of Xanthomonas citri.Work continued to find alternative methods, including CLas RNA activity, for greenhouse assays and none proved reliable.? 2.3.1.2018 Canker trial - 6 yr-old 'Ray Ruby' grapefruit trees, Vero Beach: Formulations with Zn or Quat and with or without clay (TSOL, Clay plus DDAC and MS3T) provided effective canker control compared to Kocide® 3000 industry copper standard. MS3T (double rate) treated plants showed an increase in the fruit size compared to untreated control and Kocide. No significant differences were observed for juice quality (color or brix/acid ratio) for all the treatments in comparison to untreated control. No reduction in CLas titer was observed in field trials. AsCLas DNA can take 16-20 weeks to degrade, loss of residual activity for any time during this time period allows replication of CLas to occur and masks any DNA degradation from dead cells. However, on the monthly application schedule used, no HLB dependent yield improvement was observed. 2.3.2. No reduction in CLas titer was observed. 2.3.3 Foliar spray of MS3T on mature 'Valencia' sweet orange trees led to an unexpected result beyond the previously reported repellency of the clay films based on an inability of Diaphorina citri to grasp onto the leaf for piercing feeding activity. Within 1-2 days of treatment a large number of psyllids were observed dead on the leaves on treated trees compared to untreated controls. It was not confirmed, but is suspected that the locally systemic antimicrobial activity of the TSOL component was ingested by the psyllids during feeding and killed the endosymbionts in the psyllid gut. 2.4 No significant differences in CLas titer in the ACP gut were detected from psyllids collected from treated plants in the 'Valencia' sweet orange field trial. However, the unexpected lethality to psyllids discussed above (2.3.3) may be responsible. It is likely that the psyllids collected 2-7 days after treatment had only recently landed on the trees and either had not fed on the tree or the residual activity of the TSOL had been lost by the time they were sampled.
Publications
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2018
Citation:
Mikaeel Young, Ali Ozcan, Parthiban Rajasekaran, Preeti Kumrah, Monty E Myers, Evan Johnson, James H Graham, Swadeshmukul Santra. Fixed-Quat: An Attractive Nonmetal Alternative to Copper Biocides against Plant Pathogens. Journal of agricultural and food chemistry (2018) 66:50, 13056-13064.
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2018
Citation:
Church, J. and Lee, W.H. (2018) A novel approach for in situ monitoring of Zn2+ in citrus plants using two-step square waver anodic stripping voltammetry, MRS Communications, 8(2), 404-410.
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2018
Citation:
Church, J., Armas, S.M., Patel P.K., Chumbimuni-Torres, K., and Lee, W.H., (2018) Development and characterization of needle-type ion-selective microsensors for in situ determination of foliar uptake of Zn2+ in citrus plants, Electroanalysis, 30 (4), 626-632.
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2018
Citation:
Ma, X., Armas, S., Soliman, M., Lytle, D.A., Chumbimuni-Torres, K., Tetard, L., and Lee, W.H.* (2018) In situ monitoring of Pb2+ leaching from the galvanic joint surface in a prepared chlorinated drinking water, Environmental Science & Technology, 52, 2126-2133.
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Under Review
Year Published:
2019
Citation:
Mendis, H. C., A. Ozcan, S. Santra, and L. De La Fuente. A novel Zn chelate (TSOL) that moves systemically in plants inhibits citrus bacterial pathogens growth and biofilm formation
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2018
Citation:
Campos, M.G.N., Rajasekaran, P., Prajapati, R.K., Das, S., Huang, Z., Smith, S., Soliman, M., Church, J., Armas, M., Liu, S-H., Edmunds, W., Labbe, N., Chumbimuni-Torres, K.Y., Lee, W.H., Petridis, L., Tetard, L., Santra, S., MS3T A novel multifunctional platform for health management of HLB affected citrus trees, 7th International Congress on Ceramics, Foz do Iguacu, Brazil, June 1721, 2018 (invited talk).
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Other
Year Published:
2018
Citation:
M.G.N. Campos, P. Rajasekaran, R.K. Prajapati, Smurti Das, Z. Huang, S. Smith, M. Soliman, J. Church, S. M. Armas, S-H Liu, C.W. Edmunds, N. Labbe, K.C. Torres, W.H. Lee, L. Petridis, L. Tetard, E.G. Johnson, S. Santra. MS3T A novel multifunctional platform for health management of HLB affected citrus trees. Crop & Chemicals, Raleigh/NC, USA, 2018 (invited talk).
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2018
Citation:
L. De La Fuente. Interactions of plant-associated bacteria with their hosts. Seminar presentation at the Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Auburn University, September 10, 2018.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2018
Citation:
Lee, W.H.*, Development, characterization, and application of needle-type microsensors for in situ monitoring of ions in citrus plants, World Congress on Biosensors and Bioelectronics, Chicago, IL, Aug. 20-21, 2018.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2018
Citation:
Swadeshmukul Santra. Title: Multifunctional surface/sub-surface/systemic therapeutic technology for HLB management. 3rd MISA Symposium, Orlando, FL, October 31st-November 2nd, 2018.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2018
Citation:
E. G. Johnson, M. M. Murata, N. Thapa, M. M. Dewdney. 2018. Challenges of quantifying death of phloem-limited pathogens: Zinkicide and thermotherapy as case studies. Proceedings of Materials Innovation for Sustainable Agriculture Symposium 2018. p. 17.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2018
Citation:
Campos, M. G. N., Parthiban Rajasekaran, Rajneesh Kumar Prajapati, Smurti Das, Ziyang Huang, Stephen Smith, Mikhael Soliman, Jared Church, Stephanie M. Armas, Shih-Hsien Liu, Karin Chumbimuni Torres, Woo Hyoung Lee, Loukas Petridis, Laurene Tetard and Swadeshmukul Santra. Multifunctional Surface/Sub-surface/Systemic Therapeutic Technology (MS3T), Citrus Diseases Subcommittee Meeting, 2018.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2018
Citation:
Church, J., Ma, X., and Lee, W.H., Simultaneous in situ monitoring of Pb2+, Cu2+ and Zn2+ from a galvanic joint in a chlorinated water using a SWASV microelectrode, Proceedings, American Water Work Association, Water Quality Technology Conference and Exhibition, Toronto, Canada, November 11-15, 2018.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2018
Citation:
Church, J. and Lee, W.H., Development, characterization, and application of needle-type microsensors for in situ monitoring of ions citrus plants, 10th Annual Graduate Research Colloquium, Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, UCF, Aug. 15, 2018.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2018
Citation:
Church, J., Armas, S.M., Chumbimuni-Torres, K., and Lee, W.H. Development, characterization, and application of needle-type ion-selective microelectrodes for in situ monitoring of Zn2+ and Na+ in citrus plants. PITTCON 2018, Orlando, Fl. February 25- March 1st, 2018.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2018
Citation:
Mendis, H., M. Young, A. Ozcan, S. Santra, E. Johnson, and L. De La Fuente. Evaluation of novel Zn-based materials to control growth and biofilm formation of citrus bacterial pathogens. MISA (Materials Innovation for Sustainable Agriculture) Symposium, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, October 30-November 2, 2018.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2018
Citation:
Mendis, H. S Santra, M. Young, P. Rajasekaran, E. Johnson, and L. De La Fuente. Evaluation of novel Zinc-based antimicrobial formulations to control growth and biofilm formation of Xanthomonas citri and Liberibacter crescens. International Congress of Plant Pathology, Boston, USA, July 29-August 3, 2018.
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Under Review
Year Published:
2019
Citation:
Liu et al, Antimicrobial Zn-Based TSOL for Citrus Greening Management: Insights from Spectroscopy and Molecular Simulation . J. Agric. Food Chem.
|
Progress 02/01/17 to 01/31/18
Outputs
Target Audience:The target audience of this project includescitrus growers, production managers, citrus and other food crop researchers, industry partners, consumers, regulators and general public. Disseminating information to growers and farmers: A team of 4 graduate students attended to FL Citrus Show (Fort Pierce, January 25-26, 2017). This is an annual event where growers, packers, shippers and other stakeholders gather each year to discuss the challenges with growing, harvesting, promoting and delivering fresh fruit globally. Interactions with other academic entities particularly University of Florida was very useful in terms of how to find common grounds with the expertise available at UCF to develop solutions for the citrus industry. A team of 8 students and 5 faculty members attended the FL Citrus Expo held on August 16, 2017. This visit provided the members an opportunity to inform the farming community including but not limited to citrus growers, vegetable farmers and other farming community members alike in the state about the MISA center and its activities. The industry entities were also present in the expo and they were also informed about the center. TradeMark Nitrogen: As one of the MISA Center activities,a team of 12 students and 3 faculty members visited TradeMark Nitrogen (a Fertilizer Company located in Tampa FL) on April 14, 2017. Second MISA Annual Symposium: A team of 5 faculty members and 1 administrative assistant joined the MISA Planning meeting held on April 26, 2017. The topics discussed was current and past MISA education initiatives, internship opportunities, grower education, summer programs, high School outreach program, and the second annual MISA symposium. A two-day symposium was conducted in the University of Central Florida Campus on November 6 and 7 of 2017. The symposium had representatives from all the target audience population. The two-day symposium provided the platform for researchers to present their findings pertaining to HLB disease prevention and treatment. Visiting scientists from states such as Alabama, Tennessee, Arizona, California, Washington D.C., and all across Florida, as well as international visitors from France and Brazilwere in attendance. The symposium also hosted the local growers and packers who appreciated the opportunity to interact with scientists and more importantly they were excited to learn about the current work that can result in field-usable products to control citrus canker and citrus greening. More than 30 faculty members, 15 industry affiliates and 35 students (21 graduates and 14 undergraduates) joined the symposium. Website: To help with disseminating the information about the activities of the MISA center, the MISA website has been updated and can be accessed from anywhere in the world (http://nanoscience.ucf.edu/misa/). This website provides information about all our constituent researchers that are spread across the state of Florida, and rest of the country here in United States and international collaborators from Canada, France and India. The website can also act as a source of information for all the target audience about the work that are currently underway and what products can come out of the projects in the future. Materials Research Society (MRS) meeting: A team of 7 graduate students and 3 faculty members joined the MRS Fall Conference in Boston, MA, on November 2017. All members participate on the special symposium entitled "Materials Innovation of Sustainable Agriculture and Energy". This special symposium was selected as the broader impact session by the MRS Organizing Committee (http://www.mrs.org/fall-2017-symposium-sessions). Changes/Problems:It is challenging to correlate twoconsecutive year (2016 and2017) field trial dataas theimpact ofhurricane Irma was significant. This has limited our ability to test improvedversions of MS3T in field conditions. What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided? FL Citrus Show (Fort Pierce, Florida) - January 25-26, 2017 4 Graduate Students 0 Faculty TradeMark Nitrogen (Tampa, Florida) - April 14, 2017 Facility Tour 12 Students - 1 Undergraduate, 11 Graduates 3 Faculty MISA Planning Meeting (Orlando, Florida) - April 26, 2017 Topics Discussed: Current and past MISA education initiatives, internship opportunities, grower education, summer programs, high School outreach program, and 3 day symposium 5 Faculty 1 Administrative Assistant FL Citrus Expo - August 16, 2017 Citrus seminar and trade show 8 Graduate students 5 Faculty MISA 2nd Annual Symposium (Orlando, Florida) - November 6-7, 2017 32 Faculty 15 Industry Affiliates 35 Students -21 Graduates, 14 Undergraduates MRS Fall Conference (Boston, MA) - November 2017 3 Faculty 7 Graduate students How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?Publications: Church, J., and Lee, W.H., In Situ Zn2+ Detection using a novel two-step square wave anodic stripping voltammetry-based needle-type microsensor for citrus plant applications. MRS Communications (Submitted) Ma, X., Armas, S., Soliman, M., Lytle, D.A., Chumbimuni-Torres, K., Tetard, L., and Lee, W.H., In situ monitoring of Pb2+ leaching from the galvanic joint surface in a prepared chlorinated drinking water, Environmental Science & Technology (Submitted). Church, J., Armas, S.M., Patel, P.K., Chumbimuni-Torres, K.Y., and Lee, W.H. (2017) Development and characterization of needle-type ion-selective microsensors for in situ determination of foliar uptake of Zn2+ in citrus plants, Electroanalysis, 29, 1-8. Oral and Poster presentations: Rajasekaran, P. Aquatic and cellular toxicity assessment of bactericides. MISA 2017 symposium. University of Central Florida, Orlando. Florida. November 2017 Soliman: MRS Fall 2017 in Boston "Studying Uptake and Effects of Zinc-based Nanoparticle Treatments Designed to Combat Citrus Greening Disease" Soliman: NanoFlorida 2017 "Zinc-based Treatment to Combat Greening Disease in Plants - A Nanoscale Study" at Florida International University, Miami, FL Soliman: (Invited) NanoScience Technology Center Graduate Student Seminar: Soliman, M.*, Tetard, L., "The Uptake and Effects of Zinc-based Treatment in Citrus Seedlings" at NanoScience Technology Center, Orlando, Florida, USA, April 2017 Soliman: (Invited) Young leader session, Florida AVS 2017: Soliman, M.*, Edmunds, W., Rajasekaran, P., Young, M., Labbe, N., Santra, S.,Tetard, L., "Zinc-based Treatment to Combat Greening Disease in Plants - A Nanoscale Study" at University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida Tetard: (Invited) "A Nanoscale View of Plant Tissues and Their Response to External Stresses", MRS Fall 2017 in Boston Tetard: (Invited) "Nanoscale functional toolbox for materials in renewable energy", 4th Euro-Mediterranean Conference in Materials and Renewable Energies, May 8-11, 2017, Marrakech, Morocco Tetard: "Exploring polymers and interactions in lignocellulosic-based biomaterials", Auburn University, February 22nd, 2017 (Host: Dr. Peresin, invited) Soliman, M. *, Edmunds, W., Rajasekaran, P., Young, M., Labbe, N., Santra, S.,Tetard, L., "Zinc-based Treatment to Combat Greening Disease in Plants - A Nanoscale Study" at 2nd Annual UCF Society of Emerging Nanotechnology Conference- Awarded first place Soliman, M. *, Edmunds, W., Rajasekaran, P., Young, M., Labbe, N., Santra, S.,Tetard, L., "Zinc-based Treatment to Combat Greening Disease in Plants - A Nanoscale Study" at Graduate Research Forum University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, USA, March 2017- Awarded second place Soliman, M. *, Edmunds, W., Rajasekaran, P., Young, M., Labbe, N., Santra, S.,Tetard, L., "Zinc-based Treatment to Combat Greening Disease in Plants - A Nanoscale Study" at Florida AVS 2017University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, USA, March 2017 Charles W. Edmunds, Mikhael Soliman, Laurene Tetard, Swadeshmukul Santra, Nicole Labbé. 2017. Rapid Detection of Pesticide Concentrations in Citrus Leaf Tissue. Materials Research Society (MRS) Meeting. Boston, MA, Nov. 26 - Dec. 1. Nicole Labbé, Choo Hamilton, Charles W. Edmunds, Mikhael Soliman, Laurene Tetard, Swadeshmukul Santra. The Development of a Rapid Spectroscopic Approach to Quantify Pesticide Content in Citrus Leaf Tissue. Materials Innovation for Sustainable Agriculture (MISA) Symposium. University of Central Florida, Orlando, Nov. 6 - 7. Church, J., Armas, S.M., Chumbimuni-Torres, K., and Lee, W.H. Development, characterization, and application of needle-type ion-selective microelectrodes for in situ monitoring of Zn2+ and Na+ in citrus plants. PITTCON 2018, Orlando, FL. February 25- March 1th, 2018 Church, J., and Lee, W.H. In Situ Zn2+ Detection Using a novel Two Step Square Wave Anodic Stripping Voltammetry-Base Needle-Type Microsensor for Citrus Plant Applications, MRS Fall meeting, Boston, Mass., November 26-30th, 2017 Church, J., Armas, S.M., Patel P.K., Chumbimuni-Torres, K., and Lee, W.H. Development, characterization, and application of needle-type ion-selective microelectrodes for in situ monitoring of ions in citrus plants. 2017 Materials Innovation for Sustainable Agriculture Symposium, Orlando, Fl. November 6-7th, 2017 *The presentation was selected for 1st place in the student poster contest. Armas, S., Chumbimuni-Torres, K.Y., andLee, W.H.,Solid-Contact Micro-Ion Selective Electrode for Analysis of Zinc Plants, PITTCON 2018, Orlando, FL, Feb. 26-Mar. 1, 2018(Accepted) Armas, S.M., Patel, P.K., Autrey, C.M., Characterization Solid-Contact micro-Ion-Selective Electrode for Analysis of Bactericides,MISA 2017, Materials Innovation of Sustainable Agriculture, Orlando, FL, Nov 06-07, 2017. (Accepted) Armas, S.M.,Patel, P.K., Church, K.,Lee, W.H., Santra, S., and Chumbimuni-Torres, K.Y.,A Non-Destructive Micro-Sensor for In Situ Analysis of Ions of Plants,2017 Materials Research Society (MRS) Fall Meeting & Exhibit, Boston, Massachusetts, Nov. 26 - Dec. 1, 2017. (Accepted) Armas, S.M., Patel, P.K., Church, K.,Lee, W.H., Santra, S., and Chumbimuni-Torres, K.Y., A non-destructive micro-sensor forin situanalysis of zinc in plants,Mátrafüred 2017, International Conference on Electrochemical Sensors, Visegrád, Hungary, June 11-16, 2017. Patel, P.K., Armas, S.M., Santra, S., and Chumbimuni-Torres, K.Y., A Reliable Potentiometric Ion-Selective Electrode for Zinc ions,Mátrafüred 2017, International Conference on Electrochemical Sensors, Visegrád, Hungary, June 11-16, 2017. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?Antimicrobial studies: (i) A modified protocol to assess the bacterial killing ability will be performed, (ii) biofilm eradication properties of components of MS3T will be studied using Calgary biofilm device, (iii) MS3T mode of action will be evaluated using a series of E coli mutants generated from a K-12 perental strain (source: Yale Coli Genetic Stock Center). Zinc uptake and interaction studies: Various techniques such as XRF, FTIR, Raman spectroscopy and AAS will be simultaneously used by the collaborators to exactly quantify the amount of zinc taken up by plants in the field trial. Additionally, future work will focus on investigating several aspects of the treatment in seedling experiments: 1- Structure of MS3T and its active component (TSOL) in collaboration with the modeling team 2- Diffusion in the leaves (mode of entry) 2- Residues of active in fruits 3- Effect of the treatment on the nature of the plant tissues 4- Dynamic of the processes in the plant Multiscale characterization will be performed to investigate each aspect, including multiscale spectroscopy, imaging and elemental mapping. Zinc sensor development: To overcome the interference, a copper electrode will be developed in order to perform indirect localized detection of zinc in the bundles of the phloem and xylem of citrus plants, via interfering signal subtraction. Field trials: The field trials will be conduced for the third consecutive year and the efficacy of MS3T on HLB and canker control, as well as the overallyield will be assessed.
Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals?
Objectives: 1.2. IR spectroscopy and SEM imaging of the MS3T formulation and individual components were obtained to support the modeling work by Petridis' team with the aim of determining the structure of TSOL and MS3T. 1.2.3.1. The zinc chelate component of MS3T was able to prevent biofilm formation of Liberibacter crescens BT1 at zinc concentration as low as 30 ppm. MS3T components were not able to eradicate the already formed biofilms. 1.2.3.2. Because of the interference from the clay particles in counting the colonies, there has been difficulty in doing the CFU the classical way. A new way of assessing the bacterial killing will be tried this year. 2.1.1. The uptake, translocation and persistence of Zn active delivered from MS3T treatment in citrus seedlings and plants (sour orange and Cleopatra mandarin models) were investigated by using IR spectroscopy and elemental analysis (EDS and XRF). After establishing a washing protocol (that thoroughly washes off the topical zinc), under XRF, the Zn-active (TSOL) was found to reach the phloem in plants treated by foliar spray method. The establishment of a correct washing protocol was critical because of the sticky nature of the clay that present a challenge in quantifying the exact amount of zinc that has been taken up by the plant tissue. Under Raman spectroscopy, the nitrate peak (reagent of the MS3T formulation) was observed in extracts obtained from treated leaves collected from the seedlings, suggesting a movement of the treatment to all levels of the plant within 24 hours. EDS results suggest that Zn is present in the midrib of treated plants, whereas no Zn could be detected in the control plants (not treated). Additional studies are on the way to understand the fundamental structure of MS3T, and its interaction with plant tissues - in particular for the release of Zn-active component to the leaves. 2.1.2.2. A newly designed Zn2+ micro-ISEs were successfully fabricated and tested for biological application, showing that Zn2+ flux measurement is possible in citrus trees at bulk concentrations above 6.0 mM via microelectrode ion flux estimation (MIFE). The developed Zn2+ micro-ISE shows Cu2+ interference and is not robust enough to penetrate the thick tissue of citrus plants, requiring modification of the tip (e.g., stainless steel outer casing) for penetration into the plant. As an alternative, a novel Square Wave Anodic Stripping Voltammetry (SWASV) microsensor was developed in effort to monitor Zn2+ concentration within citrus plants by improving durability and selectivity to Zn2+ (no Cu2+ interference). SWASV microsensor showed qualitatively a response to Zn2+ in plant samples, but still requires more data validation for quantitative analysis. A liquid-contact platform zinc sensor developed by Dr. Torres group was not able to provide consistent results and also because of the dynamic environment around the point of contact, the lower limit of detection was also affected. A solid-contact platform microsensor was therefore developed and proof-of concept was studied using Zinc chloride salts. In case of Zinc nitrate, formation of coating was observed because of the secondary interaction of nitrate ions. Current work is underway to sense the nitrates and a nitrate sensor that is being developed will be used for further studies and optimized with zinc sensing. 2.1.2.3. Data collected from the field trial leaf samples showed that leaf samples receiving MS3T treatments had elevated Zn content compared to the control, and that there was (Zn) accumulation over successive spray applications. In addition, there is a trend of increasing Zn content over the four successive spray applications, indicating that Zn is accumulating in leaf tissues. A near-infrared (NIR) partial least squares (PLS) regression model capable of predicting Zn in citrus leaf tissue was developed. Zinc was used as an indicator of MS3T content in citrus leaf tissue because it is a key component of Zn-chelate, which is a key component of the MS3T formulation. The NIR-PLS regression model had an R2 of 0.73 and a root mean square error (RMSE) of 55 ppm Zn. Work towards measuring Zn content in field trial samples is ongoing, and these data will be used to improve the reliability of the NIR model. In addition, a new protocol for the extraction of the Zn-chelate component from treated citrus leaf tissue was developed. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used to quantify the Zn chelate extracted. A standard curve was developed using the data and we are currently applying this process to the leaf samples collected from the 2017 field trail, and these data will be used as reference to construct a new NIR-PLS model. Experiments performed inside growth chamber using sour orange citrus plants showed the zinc content was highest in roots (40 ug/1 gm of plant dry mass) followed by leaves (30 ug/1 gm of plant dry mass) and then stem (20 ug/1 gm of plant dry mass) when atomic absorption technique was used. In another set of experiment, quantification of the quaternary ammonium compounds (quat) were done to assess the amount left after simulated rainfall. After 3 simulated rainfalls, it was observed that the clay helped reduce the loss of surface restricted quat antimicrobial. Further optimization is underway to repeat the experiment such that a new protocol to quantify quat content on plant surface after rainfall can be established. 2.3.1. Field trial was conducted at Fort Pierce, Florida in a 9 yr old "Ray ruby" grape fruit grove. Hurricane Irma resulted in extremely high incidence of canker this season. A modest increase in the fruit size was observed in MS3T treated grapefruit trees compared to controls including the plants sprayed with individual components controls. MS3T (double rate) treated plants had the lowest severity ratings (for canker lesions) compared to other controls. The double rate of MS3T consistently clustered with the best performing treatments except for juice quality that was reduced in both total soluble solids and brix/acid ratio. 2.3.2. The exact effect of MS3T on HLB trial was not recordable probably due to the impact of Hurricane Irma, whereas in the canker trial, the fruit yield showed a strong response for MS3T treatment. MS3T applied at double the rate (1.0 lb/acre) showed the strongest response compared to controls.
Publications
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2017
Citation:
1. Rajasekaran, P. Aquatic and cellular toxicity assessment of bactericides. MISA 2017 symposium. University of Central Florida, Orlando. Florida. November 2017
2. Soliman: MRS Fall 2017 in Boston Studying Uptake and Effects of Zinc-based Nanoparticle Treatments Designed to Combat Citrus Greening Disease
3. Soliman: NanoFlorida 2017 Zinc-based Treatment to Combat Greening Disease in Plants A Nanoscale Study at Florida International University, Miami, FL
4. Soliman: (Invited) NanoScience Technology Center Graduate Student Seminar: Soliman, M.*, Tetard, L., The Uptake and Effects of Zinc-based Treatment in Citrus Seedlings at NanoScience Technology Center, Orlando, Florida, USA, April 2017
5. Soliman: (Invited) Young leader session, Florida AVS 2017: Soliman, M.*, Edmunds, W., Rajasekaran, P., Young, M., Labbe, N., Santra, S.,Tetard, L., Zinc-based Treatment to Combat Greening Disease in Plants A Nanoscale Study at University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida
6. Tetard: (Invited) A Nanoscale View of Plant Tissues and Their Response to External Stresses , MRS Fall 2017 in Boston
7. Tetard: (Invited) Nanoscale functional toolbox for materials in renewable energy , 4th Euro-Mediterranean Conference in Materials and Renewable Energies, May 8-11, 2017, Marrakech, Morocco
8. Tetard: Exploring polymers and interactions in lignocellulosic-based biomaterials , Auburn University, February 22nd, 2017 (Host: Dr. Peresin, invited)
9. Soliman, M. *, Edmunds, W., Rajasekaran, P., Young, M., Labbe, N., Santra, S.,Tetard, L., Zinc-based Treatment to Combat Greening Disease in Plants A Nanoscale Study at 2nd Annual UCF Society of Emerging Nanotechnology Conference- Awarded first place
10. Soliman, M. *, Edmunds, W., Rajasekaran, P., Young, M., Labbe, N., Santra, S.,Tetard, L., Zinc-based Treatment to Combat Greening Disease in Plants A Nanoscale Study at Graduate Research Forum University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, USA, March 2017- Awarded second place
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2017
Citation:
11. Soliman, M. *, Edmunds, W., Rajasekaran, P., Young, M., Labbe, N., Santra, S.,Tetard, L., Zinc-based Treatment to Combat Greening Disease in Plants A Nanoscale Study at Florida AVS 2017University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, USA, March 2017
12. Charles W. Edmunds, Mikhael Soliman, Laurene Tetard, Swadeshmukul Santra, Nicole Labb�. 2017. Rapid Detection of Pesticide Concentrations in Citrus Leaf Tissue. Materials Research Society (MRS) Meeting. Boston, MA, Nov. 26 Dec. 1.
13. Nicole Labb�, Choo Hamilton, Charles W. Edmunds, Mikhael Soliman, Laurene Tetard, Swadeshmukul Santra. The Development of a Rapid Spectroscopic Approach to Quantify Pesticide Content in Citrus Leaf Tissue. Materials Innovation for Sustainable Agriculture (MISA) Symposium. University of Central Florida, Orlando, Nov. 6 7.
14. Church, J., Armas, S.M., Chumbimuni-Torres, K., and Lee, W.H. Development, characterization, and application of needle-type ion-selective microelectrodes for in situ monitoring of Zn2+ and Na+ in citrus plants. PITTCON 2018, Orlando, FL. February 25- March 1th, 2018
15. Church, J., and Lee, W.H. In Situ Zn2+ Detection Using a novel Two Step Square Wave Anodic Stripping Voltammetry-Base Needle-Type Microsensor for Citrus Plant Applications, MRS Fall meeting, Boston, Mass., November 26-30th, 2017
16. Church, J., Armas, S.M., Patel P.K., Chumbimuni-Torres, K., and Lee, W.H. Development, characterization, and application of needle-type ion-selective microelectrodes for in situ monitoring of ions in citrus plants. 2017 Materials Innovation for Sustainable Agriculture Symposium, Orlando, Fl. November 6-7th, 2017 *The presentation was selected for 1st place in the student poster contest.
17. Armas, S., Chumbimuni-Torres, K.Y., and Lee, W.H., Solid-Contact Micro-Ion Selective Electrode for Analysis of Zinc Plants, PITTCON 2018, Orlando, FL, Feb. 26Mar. 1, 2018 (Accepted)
18. Armas, S.M., Patel, P.K., Autrey, C.M., Characterization Solid-Contact micro-Ion-Selective Electrode for Analysis of Bactericides, MISA 2017, Materials Innovation of Sustainable Agriculture, Orlando, FL, Nov 06-07, 2017. (Accepted)
19. Armas, S.M.,Patel, P.K., Church, K., Lee, W.H., Santra, S., and Chumbimuni-Torres, K.Y., A Non-Destructive Micro-Sensor for In Situ Analysis of Ions of Plants, 2017 Materials Research Society (MRS) Fall Meeting & Exhibit, Boston, Massachusetts, Nov. 26 Dec. 1, 2017. (Accepted)
20. Armas, S.M., Patel, P.K., Church, K., Lee, W.H., Santra, S., and Chumbimuni-Torres, K.Y., A non-destructive micro-sensor for in situ analysis of zinc in plants, M�traf�red 2017, International Conference on Electrochemical Sensors, Visegr�d, Hungary, June 11-16, 2017.
21. Patel, P.K., Armas, S.M., Santra, S., and Chumbimuni-Torres, K.Y., A Reliable Potentiometric Ion-Selective Electrode for Zinc ions, M�traf�red 2017, International Conference on Electrochemical Sensors, Visegr�d, Hungary, June 11-16, 2017.
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Submitted
Year Published:
2018
Citation:
1. Church, J., and Lee, W.H., In Situ Zn2+ Detection using a novel two-step square wave anodic stripping voltammetry-based needle-type microsensor for citrus plant applications. MRS Communications (Submitted)
2. Ma, X., Armas, S., Soliman, M., Lytle, D.A., Chumbimuni-Torres, K., Tetard, L., and Lee, W.H., In situ monitoring of Pb2+ leaching from the galvanic joint surface in a prepared chlorinated drinking water, Environmental Science & Technology (Submitted).
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2017
Citation:
1. Church, J., Armas, S.M., Patel, P.K., Chumbimuni-Torres, K.Y., and Lee, W.H. (2017) Development and characterization of needle-type ion-selective microsensors for in situ determination of foliar uptake of Zn2+ in citrus plants, Electroanalysis, 29, 18.
|
Progress 02/01/16 to 01/31/17
Outputs
Target Audience:The target audience of this project includes, citrus growers, production managers, citrus and other food crop researchers, industry partners, consumers, regulators and general public. Disseminating information to growers and farmers: A team of 19 students and staff members attended the Florida Agriculture Expo held on Nov 2, 2016 in the Gulf coast research and education center, Balm, Florida.This visit provided the members an opportunity to inform the farming community including but not limited to citrus growers, vegetable farmers and other farming community members alike in the state about the MISA center and its activities. The industry entities were also present in the expo and they were also informed about the center. Also, the MISA center was represented (11 students and staff members) at the Florida Citrus show. This is an annual event where growers, packers, shippers and other stakeholders gather each year to discuss the challenges with growing, harvesting, promoting and delivering fresh fruit globally, was recently held in Ft. Pierce, Florida on January 26 2017. Interactions with other academic entities particularly University of Florida was very useful in terms of how to find common grounds with the expertise available at UCF to develop solutions for the citrus industry. MISA inaugural symposium: A two-day symposium was conducted in the University of Central Florida Campus on October 3 and 4 of 2016. The symposium had representatives from all the target audience population. The two-day symposium provided the platform for researchers to present their findings pertaining to HLB disease prevention and treatment. Visiting scientists from states such as Alabama, Tennessee, Arizona, California, Washington D.C., and all across Florida were in attendance. The symposium also hosted the local growers and packers who appreciated the opportunity to interact with scientists and more importantly they were excited to learn about the current work that can result in field-usable products to cure citrus canker and citrus greening. Website: To help with disseminating the information about the activities of the MISA center, a website has been created that can be accessed from anywhere in the world (http://nanoscience.ucf.edu/misa/). This website provides information about all our constituent researchers that are spread across the state of Florida, and rest of the country here in United States and international collaborators from Canada, France and India. The website can also act as a source of information for all the target audience about the work that are currently underway and what products can come out of the projects in the future. Presenting results to relevant agencies: An update about the activities of the MISA center including the research and extension activities was reported to Citrus Research and Development Foundation and USDA grantee conference in San Antonio, TX. Materials Research Society (MRS) meeting: A symposium has been arranged in the MRS fall meeting with the title "Materials Innovation of Sustainable Agriculture and Energy". (http://www.mrs.org/fall2017/call-for-papers?code=BI2). This meeting has invited speakers from across the country and around the world where they will talk about the recent advancements in the developing novel materials for sustainable agriculture. Changes/Problems:
Nothing Reported
What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?This project provided opportunities for students and faculty alike to interact with local citrus growers and farmers following events: 1. A team of 19 students and staff members attended the Florida Agriculture Expo held on Nov 2, 2016 in the Gulf coast research and education center, Balm Florida.This visit provided the members an opportunity to interact not only with citrus growers but also to understand the problems faced by farmers in Florida and elsewhere. This trip also provided an opportunity to understand the currently available commercial therapeutic options against most crop diseases and management strategies. 2. The Florida Citrus Show, an annual event where growers, packers, shippers and other stakeholders gather each year to discuss the challenges with growing, harvesting, promoting and delivering fresh fruit globally, was recently held in Ft. Pierce, Florida on January 26, 2017. Eleven students and staff members from the UCF Materials Innovation for Sustainable Agriculture center were in attendance. Dialogs regarding bactericides and other HLB-management methods were amongst the many topics discussed. Members took time to interact, brainstorm and connect with many of the exhibitors at the tradeshow. The Florida Citrus Show turned out to be a successful educational opportunity for all MISA members. Number of attendees: 11 students and staff members in attendance Following are the topics of discussion in the conference: HLB and Nutrient Management Root Health of HLB - Infected Citrus Fruit Quality of Poncirus trifoliate X Citrus reticulate Hybrids Progress on Optimization of Bactericides for HLB Management Postbloom Fruit Drop Update Advances in New Molecule Discovery to Control HLB Development of Advanced Intelligent Spray Technologies for Tree Fruit Tailoring a Production Programs to Fit a Budget Following are the affiliates with which MISA members interacted with: Fresh from Florida Brandt Orange Dragonne Citrific Nursery KeyPlex Du Pont Plant Food Systems Ag Nutrients Chemical Dynamics Valent USA Trademark Nitrogen - Future facility visit being coordinated for April 2017 Florida Grower - Since show have contacted MISA for featured article in upcoming issue NuFarm NutriAg How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?The following are the titles of the poster and oral presentation done at various conferences to disseminate the findings from the studies conducted as part of this project. Rajneesh Kumar Prajapati, Smurti Das, Parthiban Rajasekaran, Ziyang Huang, Stephen Smith and Swadeshmukul Santra. October 2016. Multifunctional surface/subsurface/systemic therapeutic technology (MS3T). Materials Innovation for Sustainable Agriculture symposium 2016. University of Central Florida. Orlando. Florida. Smruti Das, Parthiban Rajasekaran, Tyler Maxwell, Ziyang Huang, Ali Ozcan and Swadeshmukul Santra. October 2016. T-SOL antimicrobial for the management of citrus canker and HLB. Materials Innovation for Sustainable Agriculture symposium 2016. University of Central Florida. Orlando. Florida. Mikaeel Young, Parthiban Rajasekaran, Preeti Kumrah,Monty E. Myers, James H. Graham, and Swadeshmukul Santra. October 2016.Fixed Quat: An Attractive Alternative ToCopper (Cu) Biocides For Plant Disease Control. Materials Innovation for Sustainable Agriculture symposium 2016. University of Central Florida. Orlando. Florida. Mikaeel Young, Parthiban Rajasekaran, Preeti Kumrah,Monty E. Myers, James H. Graham,and Swadeshmukul Santra. September 2016.Fixed Quat: An AttractiveAlternativeToCopper(Cu) BiocidesFor Plant DiseaseControl. NanoFlorida 2016. University of Central Florida. Orlando. Florida. Mikaeel Young, Parthiban Rajasekaran, Preeti Kumrah, Monty E. Myers, James H. Graham,and Swadeshmukul Santra.March2016.Fixed Quat: An AttractiveAlternativeToCopper(Cu) BiocidesFor Plant DiseaseControl.FLAVS2016. University of Central Florida. Orlando. Florida. Hajeewaka Mendis, Eber Naranjo; Swadesh Santra, Mikaeel Young, Parthiban Rajasekaran, Evan Johnson, and Leonardo De La Fuente. October 2016. Evaluation of a novel antimicrobial compound to control growth and biofilm formation in vitro of citrus bacterial pathogens. Materials Innovation for Sustainable Agriculture symposium 2016. University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida. CourtneyHulce, Wynstona Louis, Jared Church, Dr. Woo Hyoung Lee, Dr. Swadeshmukul Santra. Dr. Karin Y. Chumbimuni-Torres. March 2016.Development of an Ion Selective Microelectrode for detection of Zinc ions in Citrus Plants. Pittcon 2016. Atlanta, Georgia. CourtneyHulce, Wynstona Louis, Karin Y. Chumbimuni-Torres. April 2016.Optimization of zinc microsensor for use in the determination of zinc Ion concentration for agriculturalapplications. Showcase of Undergraduate Researach Excellence. University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida. CourtneyHulce, Wynstona Louis, Stephanie Armas, Parth K. Patel and Dr. Karin Y. Chumbimuni-Torres. October 2016.Sensor Development for in situ analysis of Zinc in plants.Materials Innovation for Sustainable Agriculture symposium 2016. University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida. Nicole Labbé, October 2016. New Technologies for in-field plant characterization. Materials Innovation for Sustainable Agriculture symposium 2016. University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?Antimicrobial, rainfastness and cytototoxicity studies: The ability of the different components and control samples of MS3T will be examined for their ability to eradicate biofilms. Additionally, the quantification of killing of bacteria will be determined using CFU assay. The ability of MS3T to attach to the citrus plant (leaves and stem) will be assessed by performing a rain-fastness assay. The preliminary toxicity assessment of the MS3T and control samples will be assessed on two eukaryotic cell lines (A549 lung epithelial cells and Human Dermal fibroblast cells). Zinc chelate characterization and uptake studies: The structure of TSOL will be further investigated, as it is the systemic component of MS3T. The mechanisms of uptake of TSOL in citrus leaves and seedlings using the same techniques outlined previously, in addition to other techniques such as X-ray Fluorescence Spectroscopy (XRF). In addition, infrared spectroscopy will be used to characterize the organic and inorganic components of MS3T in the leaf tissue. We seek to answer questions such as: (a) How fast does uptake occur? (b) What is the behavior of TSOL in the plant tissue? (c) What is its fate? (d) What is the effect of TSOL on the plant tissue? Zinc Sensor development: Moving forward, the Zn2+ LIX membrane needs to be improved. This will be the focus of Dr. Torres group; however, Lee's research group will aid in the characterization of the Zn2+ ionophores. After, the Zn LIX membrane microsensor is developed, we will test its efficacy in laboratory setting using citrus seedlings (model system) and develop a protocol which will be used on plants infected with HLB. Field trials: The field trials will be conducted for a second consecutive year to determine the consistency of the protection offered by MS3T and its controls clay+Tsol and clay+Quat. Additionally, the effect of MS3T material on the ACP gut and the effect of MS3T materials on HLB infected groves will also be assessed.
Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals?
Objectives: 1.1 Seven different variants of MS3T composite formulations were prepared by changing the ratios of the components and inerts, and optimization was done based on dispersibility, viscosity and film forming ability. 1.2.2. Characterization of the MS3T material composition. MS3T contains EPK kaolin clay, Quaternary Ammonium Compound (Quat) and Zn-chelate. Raman and FTIR spectroscopy was used along with electron microscopy to study the interaction of MS3T components in the composite Under Raman spectroscopy clay showed strong fluorescent background with no distinguishable Raman peaks. FT-IR of Quat composites (fixed-Quat particle and gel with clay), the Si-O-Si peak shifted to lower frequencies suggesting binding between the Quat molecules and silica. FT-IR data suggests that Zinc interacted with the carbonyl group of urea present in the zinc chelate. Scanning electron microscopy studies suggested that MS3T material forms a gel-like structure. 1.2.3. Initial antibacterial properties of the material were assessed by using broth micro-dilution method to determine the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC). The MIC of MS3T was less than 20 ppm of metallic zinc concentration when screened against three model pathogens viz. Xanthomonas alfalfae, Pseudomonas syringae and Escherichia coli. Additionally, when observed for 3 months, these materials appear to maintain antibacterial efficacy for at least 3 months. 1.2.5. Preliminary phytotoxicity studies in heat-tolerant hybrid heirloom tomato plants showed that MS3T material induces no toxicity on the plant up to 800 ppm of metallic zinc concentration and only a slight toxicity was observed at 1000 ppm of metallic zinc concentration. MS3T as a composite material appeared to have ameliorated the phytotoxicity of the individual components including the zinc chelate when sprayed at same concentration. To assess the amount of zinc taken up by tomato plants sprayed with MS3T, atomic absorption spectroscopy, X-ray Fluorescence spectroscopy, EDS and Raman were employed. When applied via foliar spray, zinc uptake by plants increased with increasing MS3T spray concentration until around the tested range of 300-1000 ppm of metallic zinc concentration. 2.1. A needle-type Zn ion-selective microsensor has been developed using a customized Zn selective liquid ion-exchange (LIX) membrane as a sensing element to track the in situ systemic movement of Zn2+ in plants with high level of specificity and sensitivity. TSOL (zinc chelate) was used as a first step to detect the zinc content. Techniques for the fabrication and application of a novel Zn2+ microsensor were established. While selectivity of the sensor was being optimized, an innovative conductivity microsensor was developed and applied to the midrib of citrus leaf as a surrogate method for detecting the movement of Zn2+ ions. 2.1.2.1. As a first step in studying the ability of MS3T to act on phloem restricted HLB bacteria, the zinc chelate (TSOL) was used to perform in vitro studies. Microfluidic chamber studies acting as model vascular channels of plants were used to study the ability of zinc chelate to inhibit the growth of bacterial biofilms. This study investigated the effects of TSOL in vitro on growth and biofilm formation of Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus (Las) surrogate Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri (Xac) in batch cultures and under flow conditions using microfluidic chambers. Microfluidic chambers mimic xylem and phloem vessels of plants. This system allows real time cell observation with time-lapse video imaging microscopy. Xac was grown in 96-well plates and 24-well plates in Silva Buddenhagen (SB) medium and treated with serial dilutions of TSOL (ie. 0 ppm, 30 ppm, 60 ppm and 90 ppm) to test inhibition of growth and biofilm formation. Xac was also introduced to microfluidic chambers under constant SB media flow, and inhibitory action of TSOL on biofilm formation was recorded using time-lapse video imaging microscopy. The minimum inhibitory concentration of TSOL for Xac was 30ppm. 30ppm TSOL concentration was enough to arrest both planktonic and biofilm growth of Xac. Time-lapse video imaging showed that untreated Xac grown in microfluidic chambers formed biofilm whereas Xac treated with 60 ppm TSOL did not form any biofilm. Furthermore, TSOL inhibited further biofilm growth of Xac when it is applied to already formed Xac biofilm in microfluidic chambers. However, biofilm and planktonic cells of Xac treated with TSOL in microfluidic chambers and 24-well plates grew when transferred back to SB medium. Therefore, TSOL arrest both biofilm and planktonic growth but it may not kill all the planktonic cells or cells in biofilm according to initial test results. Viability testing of Xac treated with TSOL and effects of TSOL on Las surrogate Liberibacter crescens is being investigated. 2.1.2.2. In order to achieve the most robust system that will detect zinc ions in phloem tissue, various systems have been tested, each varying the ionophore (selective ligand) employed. A Nernstian response of 29.1 ± 1.8 mV with a linear dynamic range (LDR) of 10-7-10-2 was achieved for a system employing zinc ionophore (I). Subsequently, TSOL samples were tested, whereby a 0.009 ± 0.004M zinc content was determined from a 0.01M TSOL solution. Additionally, the sensor using zinc ionophore (I) exhibits a 4-10 working pH range, with only a 0.01 ± 0.04 mV change. On the other hand, zinc ionophore IV exhibits a higher selectivity towards zinc, yet a narrower LDR. As a result, current work is underway employing an in-house synthesized neutral ionophore, which is expected to have high selectivity and sensitivity towards zinc ion detection, and analysis of MST3 will be accomplished. Also, we were able to successfully fabricate a Zn microsensor with the durability to measure Zn2+ concentrations in the phloem of citrus leaves. As a surrogate, we have designed and successfully fabricated a micro-conductivity meter that can be used to measure the movement of ions within the vascular bundle. This micro-conductivity meter will be used to supplement zinc concentration data and compared to literature to evaluate osmotic stresses on the plant. 2.1.2.3. X-ray fluorescence (XRF) was used to detect zinc (Zn) concentrations in citrus leaves that were collected at different time points during the MS3T field trials. XRF was successfully shown to measure Zn concentrations in the plant tissue, and results demonstrate that Zn from the MS3T treatment persisted in the leaf tissue over the testing period of 2 weeks after the initial spray application. MS3T treated leaves, 14 days after the foliar spray application showed approximately 5 times higher zinc content than the control (without MS3T treatment). Near infrared spectroscopy coupled with multivariate statistical analysis was investigated as a high throughput method to determine Zn concentration in leaves. The preliminary results showed a good correlation between the measured [Zn] by ICP and the NIR spectral data. 2.3.1. Field trials were conducted in Fort Pierce in St. Lucie County on a grove that has 8 years old "Ray Ruby" grapefruits that acted as canker model. One gallon of spray per tree was applied with 2 spray rates of MS3T (0.5 and 1.0 lb/acre). The controls included clay+TSOL (1.0 lb/ac) and clay +Quat. MS3T (0.5 lb Zn/ac) gave similar canker control to Zinkicide SG6 (1.0 lb Zn/ac) and MS3T (at the equivalent 1.0 lb Zn/ac) (double rate) provided consistently better control than all other treatments including Kocide and Nordox 75WG and Nordox 30/30 WG. The clay+TSOL provided comparable protection to Nordox variants. HLB efficacy evaluation in field conditions is under investigation.
Publications
- Type: Conference Papers and Presentations
Status: Published
Year Published: 2016
Citation: Poster
Oral
16. Nicole Labb�, October 2016. New Technologies for in-field plant characterization. MISA 2016. UCF.
17. Mikhael Soliman, Warren Edmunds, Parthiban Rajasekaran, Mikaeel Young, Swadeshmukul Santra, Nicole Labbe, N., Laurene Tetard, April 2017, Zinc Based Treatment to Combat Greening Disease in Plants - A Nanoscale Study. Graduate Research Forum at UCF.
- Type: Conference Papers and Presentations
Status: Published
Year Published: 2016
Citation: Poster
1. Rajneesh Kumar Prajapati, Smurti Das, Parthiban Rajasekaran, Ziyang Huang, Stephen Smith and Swadeshmukul Santra. October 2016. Multifunctional surface/subsurface/systemic therapeutic technology (MS3T). MISA symposium 2016. University of Central Florida (UCF), Orlando, Florida.
2. Smruti Das, Parthiban Rajasekaran, Tyler Maxwell, Ziyang Huang, Ali Ozcan and Swadeshmukul Santra. October 2016. T-SOL antimicrobial for the management of citrus canker and HLB. MISA 2016, UCF.
3. Mikaeel Young, Parthiban Rajasekaran, Preeti Kumrah, Monty E. Myers, James H. Graham, and Swadeshmukul Santra. October 2016. Fixed Quat: An Attractive Alternative To Copper (Cu) Biocides For Plant Disease Control. MISA 2016. UCF.
4. Mikaeel Young, Parthiban Rajasekaran, Preeti Kumrah, Monty E. Myers, James H. Graham, and Swadeshmukul Santra. September 2016. Fixed Quat: An Attractive Alternative To Copper (Cu) Biocides For Plant Disease Control. NanoFlorida 2016. UCF.
5. Mikaeel Young, Parthiban Rajasekaran, Preeti Kumrah, Monty E. Myers, James H. Graham, and Swadeshmukul Santra. March 2016. Fixed Quat: An Attractive Alternative To Copper (Cu) Biocides For Plant Disease Control. FLAVS 2016. UCF.
6. Hajeewaka Mendis, Eber Naranjo; Swadesh Santra, Mikaeel Young, Parthiban Rajasekaran, Evan Johnson, and Leonardo De La Fuente. October 2016. Evaluation of a novel antimicrobial compound to control growth and biofilm formation in vitro of citrus bacterial pathogens, MISA 2016. UCF.
7. Courtney Hulce, Wynstona Louis, Jared Church, Dr. Woo Hyoung Lee, Dr. Swadeshmukul Santra. Dr. Karin Y. Chumbimuni-Torres. March 2016. Development of an Ion Selective Microelectrode for detection of Zinc ions in Citrus Plants. Pittcon 2016. Atlanta, Georgia.
8. Courtney Hulce, Wynstona Louis, Karin Y. Chumbimuni-Torres. April 2016. Optimization of zinc microsensor for use in the determination of zinc Ion concentration for agricultural applications. SURE. UCF.
9. Courtney Hulce, Wynstona Louis, Stephanie Armas, Parth K. Patel and Dr. Karin Y. Chumbimuni-Torres. October 2016. Sensor Development for in situ analysis of Zinc in plants. MISA 2016. UCF.
10. Mikhael Soliman, Warren Edmunds, Parthiban Rajasekaran, Mikaeel Young, Swadeshmukul Santra, Nicole Labbe, N., Laurene Tetard, April 2017, Zinc Based Treatment to Combat Greening Disease in Plants - A Nanoscale Study. Graduate Research Forum at UCF Awarded 2nd place
11. Mikhael Soliman, Laurene Tetard, December 2016, Probing Chemical and Physical Properties of Poplar Tension Wood Using Confocal Raman Microscopy and Pulsed Force Mode Atomic Force Microscopy, MRS Fall 2016, Boston, MA.
12. Mikhael Soliman, Warren Edmunds, Parthiban Rajasekaran, Mikaeel Young, Swadeshmukul Santra, Nicole Labbe, N., Laurene Tetard, March 2017, Zinc Based Treatment to Combat Greening Disease in Plants - A Nanoscale Study, Florida AVS, UCF.
13. Mikhael Soliman, Laurene Tetard, November 2016, Physical and Chemical Characterization of Plants Response to External Mechanical and Chemical Stresses, Frontiers in Biorefining, St. Simons Island, GA.
14. Mikhael Soliman, Mikaeel Young, Smruti Das, Parthiban Rajasekaran, Swadeshmukul Santra, Laurene Tetard, October 2016, Characterization of ZinkicideTM Treatments Designed to Combat HLB Disease in Citrus Plants, MISA 2016. UCF.
15. Mikhael Soliman, Mikaeel Young, Smruti Das, Parthiban Rajasekaran, Swadeshmukul Santra, Laurene Tetard, September 2016, Characterization of Zinc-based Nanoparticles for Sustainable Plant Disease Management in Agriculture, NanoFlorida 2016, UCF.
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