Progress 04/01/16 to 03/31/21
Outputs
Target Audience:This project was targeted at Virginia's turfgrass managers including Hispanic workers and other underprivileged groups. Efforts to extend results of this research included lectures and seminars, some with Spanish translation and signed for hearing impaired, scientific presentations and national and international venues, magazine and trade publications, and internet websites. Other target audiences include students and fellow researchers. Changes/Problems:
Nothing Reported
What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?This project has contributed to the training of 6 graduate students and 1 post-doctoral associate. Information obtained from this project has also been conveyed to turfgrass managers during pesticide recertification training and other professional development venues. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?Efforts to extend the results of this research included lectures and seminars, scientific presentations at regional and national venues, and social media. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?
Nothing Reported
Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals?
Our data have shown that most Kentucky bluegrass cultivars tolerate methiozolin. Methiozolin controls annual bluegrass andturfgrass recovery can be improved by adding nitrogen fertility. By avoiding turf protection chemicals, like ethephon, that negatively interact with methiozolin, turf managers can preserve turfgrass quality and reduce negative environmental impacts from turf loss. Recent testimony to the U.S. EPA has positively influenced methiozolin registration in the U.S., which occurred on December 9, 2019. The collective body of work in this project was important to the U.S. registration of methiozolin, which is expected to enhance the economical sustainability of annual bluegrass control programs while reducing the environmental impact of turf management.
Publications
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2020
Citation:
Peppers, J.M., J.R. Brewer, and S.D. Askew. 2020. Plant growth regulator and low-dose herbicide programs for annual bluegrass seedhead suppression in fairway and athletic-height turf. Agronomy Journal https://doi.org/10.1002/agj2.20556
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Progress 10/01/19 to 09/30/20
Outputs
Target Audience:This project was targeted at Virginia's turfgrass managers including Hispanic workers and other underprivileged groups. Efforts to extend the results of this research included lectures and seminars, some with Spanish translation and signed for hearing impaired, scientific presentations and national and international venues, magazine and trade publications, and internet web sites. Other target audiences include students and fellow researchers. Changes/Problems:
Nothing Reported
What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?This project has contributed to the training of 2 graduate students and 1 post-doctoral associate. Information obtained from this project has also been conveyed to turfgrass managers during pesticide recertification training and other professional development venues. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?Efforts to extend results of this research included lectures and seminars, scientific presentations at regional and national venues, and social media. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?Final scientific articles will be submitted during the next period.
Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals?
Key manuscripts related to methiozolin mode of action and turf recovery following methiozolin treatment have been written in 2020 and are now in draft form nearing submission.
Publications
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Progress 10/01/18 to 09/30/19
Outputs
Target Audience:This project was targeted at Virginia's turfgrass managers including Hispanic workers and other underprivileged groups. Efforts to extend results of this research included lectures and seminars, some with Spanish translation and signed for hearing impaired, scientific presentations and national and international venues, magazine and trade publications, and internet web sites. Other target audiences include students and fellow researchers. Changes/Problems:
Nothing Reported
What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?Graduate students without prior experience were provided hands on training by research scientists while this research was conducted. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?Efforts to extend results of this research included lectures and seminars, scientific presentations at regional and national venues and social media. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?Data analyses and interpretation will continue and research will be submitted for publication in peer-reviewed journals.
Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals?
These studies have demonstrated efficacy for annual bluegrass control by methiozolin and best management practices for turfgrass recovery following weed control. By avoiding turf protection chemicals, like ethephon, that negatively interact with methiozolin, turf managers can preserve turfgrass quality and reduce negative environmental impacts from turf loss. Our data have shown that most Kentucky bluegrass cultivars tolerate methiozolin. Recent testimony to the U.S. EPA has positively influenced methiozolin registration in the U.S., which occurred on December 9, 2019. The collective body of work in this project was important to the registration of methiozolin, which is expected to enhance economical sustainability of annual bluegrass control programs while reducing environmental impact of turf management.
Publications
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Progress 10/01/17 to 09/30/18
Outputs
Target Audience:This project was targeted at Virginia's turfgrass managers including Hispanic workers and other underprivileged groups. The primary focus for this project is in the area of golf and sports turf management but application to the broader turfgrass industry and academics in the area of herbicide physiology is inherent. Efforts to extend results of this research to managers, fellow scientists, and researchers included lectures and seminars, scientific presentations and national and international venues, magazine and trade publications, social media, and internet web sites. Changes/Problems:
Nothing Reported
What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?Graduate students without prior experience were provided hands on training by research scientist while this research was conducted. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?Efforts to extend results of this research included lectures and seminars, scientific presentations at regional and national venues, social media, internet websites, and peer-reviewed journal articles. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?Data analyses and interpretation will continue and research will be submitted for publication in peer-reviewed journals.
Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals?
These studies have improved best management practices for managing annual bluegrass and improving turfgrass quality using the herbicide methiozolin. This research has supported the claim that addition of exogenous 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate (4-HPP) alleviates symptoms of methiozolin in lesser duckweed, a model monocot species, but feeding various turfgrass species and annual bluegrass exogenous 4-HPP did not alleviate symptoms. Studies suggest that methiozolin does not directly inhibit cell wall biosynthesis.
Publications
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2018
Citation:
Rana, S. S.*, and Askew, S. D. 2018 Measuring canopy anomaly influence on golf putt kinematics: Errors associated with simulated putt devices. Crop Sci. 58(2):900-910.
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2018
Citation:
Rana, S. S.*, and Askew, S. D. 2018 Measuring canopy anomaly influence on golf putt kinematics: Does annual bluegrass influence ball roll behavior? Crop Sci. 58(2):911-916.
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Progress 10/01/16 to 09/30/17
Outputs
Target Audience:This project was targeted at Virginia's Turfgrass managers including Hispanic workers and other underprivileged groups. Primary focus for this project is in the area of golf and sports turf management but application to the broader turfgrass industry and academics in the area of herbicide physiology is inherent. Efforts to extend results of this research included lectures and seminars, scientific presentations and national and international venues, magazine and trade publications, social media, and internet web sites. Changes/Problems:
Nothing Reported
What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?Graduate students without prior experience in putting green management or with conducting research on putting greens, were provided hands-on experience and quidance by research scientist while this research was conducted. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?Efforts to extend results of this research included lectures and seminars, scientific presentations at regional and national venues, social media, and internet websites. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?Research will continue on objective 5, data analyses and interpretation will continue and research will be submitted for publication in peer-reviewed journals.
Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals?
Accomplishments under objectives 1-4 have improved best management practices for managing annual bluegrass and improving turfgrass quality using the herbicide methiozolin as outlined in previous reports. For objective 5, laboratory studies supported the claim that addition of exogenous 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate (4-HPP) alleviates symptoms of methiozolin exposure in lesser duckweed, a model monocot species, but feeding various turfgrass species and annual bluegrass exogenous 4-HPP did not alleviate symptoms. Creeping bentgrass secondary root length and density was not affected by methiozolin, although annual bluegrass, Kentucky bluegrass and perennial ryegrass secondary root lengths were reduced. Based on these data, it does not appear that TAT inhibition is a primary mode of action of methiozolin in turfgrass as reported by others. Studies were conducted to determine if methiozolin inhibited cell wall biosynthesis in desirable turfgrass species and annual bluegrass. All species exhibited decreased enrichment of 13C in cell-wall sugars form 13C-glucose in response to methiozolin and a known cell wall biosynthesis inhibitor, indaziflam. Indaziflam and methiozolin at 0.01 µM inhibited 13C enrichment of all sugars less than methiozolin at 1.0 µM, for xylose, arabinose and glucose, but not galactose. Addition of 4-HPP increased incorporation of 13C into xylose, but had no other influence on 13C incorporation into other cell wall sugars. Lack of species specific response indicates that cell wall biosynthesis inhibition is probably not the source of interspecific species responses observed in the field.
Publications
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2016
Citation:
Rana SS and SD Askew. 2016. Response of 110 Kentucky Bluegrass Varieties and Winter Annual Weeds to Methiozolin. Weed Technology 30(4):965-978.
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2017
Citation:
Rana SS and SD Askew. 2017. Long-Term Roughstalk Bluegrass Control in Creeping Bentgrass Fairways. Weed Technology 31(5):714-723.
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2017
Citation:
Askew SD 2017. Plant Growth Regulators Applied in Winter Improve Annual Bluegrass (Poa annua) Seedhead Suppression on Golf Greens. Weed Technology 31(5):701-713.
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Progress 04/01/16 to 09/30/16
Outputs
Target Audience:This project was targeted at Virginia's turfgrass managers including Hispanic workers and other underprivileged groups. Efforts to extend results of this research included lectures and seminars,scientific presentations and national and international venues, magazine and trade publications, social media, and internet web sites. Changes/Problems:
Nothing Reported
What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?Graduate students without prior experience in putting green management or with conducting research on putting greens, were provided hands-on experience and quidance by research scientist while this research was conducted in 2016. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?Efforts to extend results of this research included lectures and seminars,scientific presentations at regional and national venues, social media, and internet websites. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?Research will continue on objective 2, 3, and 5, data analyses and interpretation will continue and research will be submitted for publication in peer-reviewed journals.
Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals?
For objective 1, studies were conducted on golf putting greens. In all cases, adding 7 kg ha-1 of N, P, and K from fertilizer or biostimulant biweekly to greens sped turfgrass recovery time by 1 to 3 weeks compared to the standard greens fertility program alone. Methiozolin increased turfgrass recovery time at one location where a severe drought occurred, but not at another location that did not experience drought stress. It will be important to avoid turfgrass stress when using methiozolin programs to control annual bluegrass on greens. Creeping bentgrass treated with biostimulants recovered equivalent to or faster than synthetic fertilizer in all cases. In the presence of methiozolin treatments, trinexapac ethyl reduced time to 90% recovery (T90) by 0.25 to 0.5 weeks at two locations and increased T90 recovery time by 0.1 weeks at one location. These results suggest that turf managers should increase fertilizer treatments but will not necessarily need to discontinue trinexapac ethyl to maximize creeping bentgrass recovery following annual bluegrass control with methiozolin. For objective 4, methiozolin applied twice in fall at 2 kg ha-1 did not injure Kentucky bluegrass more than a commercially acceptable level of 30%. At 1.5 and 6 months after initial treatment (MAIT), Kentucky bluegrass injury I30 values (predicted methiozolin rate that causes 30% Kentucky bluegrass injury) ranged between 3.4 and over 10 times the recommended methiozolin rate for annual bluegrass control. Methiozolin at 2 kg ha-1 or more reduced cover of annual bluegrass, common chickweed, corn speedwell, hairy bittercress, mouseear chickweed, and Persian speedwell but increased cover of parsley piert.Results from this study indicate that two fall applications of methiozolin at rates beyond that previously reported for annual bluegrass control, can be safely applied to a broad range of Kentucky bluegrass varieties representing several genetic classifications.
Publications
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2016
Citation:
Askew, S.D., S. S. Rana, and J. R. Brewer. 2016. CHALLENGES ASSOCIATED WITH MEASURING THE INFLUENCE OF GREENS CANOPY ANOMALIES ON BALL ROLL CONSISTENCY. Proceedings of the Northeastern Plant, Pest, and Soils Conference, Philadelphia, PA 1:149.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2016
Citation:
Rana, S. S., S. Askew, and J. R. Brewer. 2016. SOURCES OF ERROR THAT INTERFERE WITH MEASURING ANNUAL BLUEGRASS INFLUENCE ON BALL ROLL TRAJECTORY. Proc. South. Weed. Sci. Soc. 69:193.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2016
Citation:
Askew, S. D. and K. Venner. 2016. PERSPECTIVES ON THE MODE OF ACTION OF METHIOZOLIN. Proc. South. Weed Sci. Soc. 69:388.
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