Progress 11/30/15 to 09/30/18
Outputs
Target Audience:Scientific data collected as part of these research projects was and willbe conveyed to academic and industry leaders, stakeholders, and producers through peer-reviewed publications, industry journals, and presentations at scientific meetings and extension programs. This knowledge will also be delivered to graduate students through formal classroom instruction and laboratory instruction through the enhancement of the Ruminology course curriculum. Changes/Problems:
Nothing Reported
What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?This project permitted the attendance to numerous annual meetings: the American Society of Animal Science Annual Meeting, the American Society of Animal Science Southern Section meeting, the American Society of Animal Science Midwestern Section meeting, the American Society for Microbiology (ASM), to name a few. Conferences were attended to promote research regarding the outcomes of this project, which were disseminated by graduate students in the program and the project director. One of these posters was invited for a 15-min talk at an international conference (ASM) by the graduate student, an ASAS Midwest poster won 1st place in the ASAS Midwest Section MS Poster Competition (2017), and an ASAS Southern Section 3-Minute Thesis presentation won 1st place in the ASAS Southern Section 3-Minute Thesis Competition (2018). This project has also aided in the training and development of five graduate students who are currently enrolled or have graduatedfromthe current research program and actively participated in the project. Due to the multi-faceted nature of the project, the students are active in laboratory/bench research, light bioinformatics, physical sampling and animal handling, data and statistical analyses, and research manuscript preparation. Finally, this project has aided to facilitate the collaboration between Zamorano University and the University of Tennessee Institute of Agriculture. Zamorano is an international agriculture-centric university in Honduras that focuses on addressing challenges in Latin America; such as the conservation of natural resources, rural transformation, and development of internationally competitive agricultural and agro-industries. Throughout the project, the research program hosted several interns from Zamorano University as part of the internship program. Future research collaborations and UTIA graduate students are anticipated. Educationally and professionally, this collaboration has and will continue to result in the education and training of future food and animal scientists and workforce, with a gained understanding and appreciation of the importance of sustainable agriculture and food safety. This program has and will continue to develop effective teaching techniques that meet the needs of a wide range of students of varying demographics. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?Several delivery mechanisms have been implemented to disseminate the results of this project to communities of interest. This project permitted the attendance to numerous international, national, and regional meetings, of which the data and results were conveyed via poster competitions, invited poster talks, lectures, and invited lectures. The results have also been discussed as part of the UTIA Advanced Master Beef (Nutrition) program, of which both myself and others have conveyed these results to producers around the state of Tennessee. Results have also been conveyed via the UT Beef and Forage Center, which aims to facilitate research and communication of science-based information to advance the Tennessee beef and forage industry. These data have also been discussed in field days, as part of the UTIA Research and Education Centers. Project results have also been published and/or submitted in peer-reviewed scientific manuscripts. Foundational knowledge gained as a result of this project was woven into an online learning module; rumenmicrobes.utk.edu. This web-based learning tool has an intended public audience that aims to convey information and to learn more about the role of the rumen and lower gut microorganisms and their impact on the host's performance and health. Monthly, this page features a microbe found in the gut of ruminants. Outreach activities have also been undertaken to reach children interested in science who are not usually aware of these research activities and to increase their interest in science. This was conducted at the elementary level via several 1-hour "Meet the Expert" sessions for 5th-grade students in Knoxville, TN on science experiments in biology and animal science, and career opportunities in science and agriculture. At the high school level, this was conducted as lectures covering "Modern Agriculture in the 21st Century". My program conducted several 1.5-hour classes at high schools in Knoxville, TN. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?
Nothing Reported
Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals?
The impetus behind the global food security challenge is direct, with the necessity to feed over 9 billion people by 2050. Developing a food-secure world, where people have access to a safe and sustainable food supply is the principal goal of this challenge. To achieve this end, beef production enterprises must develop methods to produce more pounds of animal protein with less. Selection for feed efficient beef cattle utilizing genetic improvement technologies has helped to understand and improve the stayability and longevity of such traits within the herd. Yet, genetic contributions to feed efficiency have been difficult to identify, and differing genetics, feed regimens, and environments among studies contribute to great variation and interpretation of results. With increasing evidence that hosts and their microbiomes interact in complex associations and networks, examining the gut microbial population variation associated differences in feed efficiency may lead to partially clarifying the considerable variation in the efficiency of feed utilization. To this end, the major goal of this project was to further understand biological sources of variation in efficiency of feed utilization. Our main objective was to generate critical knowledge about the biological mechanisms contributing to feed efficiency in growing beef cattle, prior to entering in the feedlot, focusing on associations with the microbiome of the gastrointestinal tract, ultimately aiding in the understanding of the factors contributing to feed efficiency in beef cattle for the sustainability of beef production in the US and internationally. Throughout the duration of participation in this project (2016-2018), much basic research has been conducted to initially examine a) the microbial populations and associated changes within the gut as a function of varying feed efficiency phenotypes, b) metabolomes from cattle divergent in feed efficiency and c) production effects on the rumen microbiome (e.g. monensin and fescue toxicosis). Several manuscripts described below have also been accepted in 2018 and/or under review regarding goal (1) of the project. In these studies and reviews in 2018, information on microbial impacts from fescue grazing, fescue toxicosis mitigation from supplementation of isoflavones, and rumen microbiome manipulation have been discussed. Overall, this station and my project as a result of the overall project have resulted in numerous studies and publications focusing on: The evaluation of 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing using two next generation sequencing technologies for phylogenetic analysis of the rumen bacterial community in steers The effect of biochar on forage digestibility, methane production, and methanogens Rumen protozoal community composition from growing steers differing in RFI The beginning stages to address heritability of gut microbiome in Angus beef cattle The effects of feeding monensin to beef heifers fed in a drylot on nutrient and energy balance, and antimicrobial resistance The effects of feeding ferric citrate on methane production, nutrient and energy balance, and rumen microbiome in growing beef steers Improving efficiency of production in pasture- and range-based beef and dairy systems Supplementation strategy during late gestation alters steer progeny health in the feedlot without affecting cow performance Forage attributes and animal performance from native grass inter-seeded with Red Clover Forage and weather influence day versus nighttime cow behavior and calf weaning weights on rangeland Feed efficiency and the microbiota of the alimentary tract Gut bacterial communities and their association with production parameters in beef cattle The analysis of the gut microbiome in beef cattle and its association with feed intake, growth, and efficiency Serum metabolites associated with feed efficiency in Angus steers Altering the gut microbiome of cattle: Considerations of host-microbiome interactions for persistent microbiome manipulation Substantial improvements and insights as to the microbial impacts on rumen function and metabolism have been made and will continue to inform future studies elucidating the biological sources of variation in efficiency of feed utilization in cattle. Additionally, the results from the station and project have directly informed and will continue to inform the development of strategies to improve nutrition and feed efficiency in beef cattle through microbiome manipulation and genetic selection strategies. Specifically, the information derived from this project, and the programs developed to utilize this information has and will: Provide a steppingstone toward microbiome manipulation Develop more sustainable cow-calf production systems Enhance sustainable and efficient cattle production and US agriculture Ultimately, the development of microbial tools, as a result of the foundational information provided by the project has the potential to advance the field of beef and cattle production agriculture to sustainability meet the protein requirements of an ever-increasing global population.
Publications
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2018
Citation:
Melchoir, E. A., K. E. Hales, A. K. Lindoholm-Perry, H. C. Freetly, J. E. Wells, C. N. Hemphill, T. A. Wickersham, J. E. Sawyer, and P. Myer. 2018. The effects of feeding monensin on rumen microbial communities and methanogenesis in bred heifers fedin a drylot. Livestock Science, 212C:131-136. doi: 10.1016/j.livsci.2018.03.019
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2018
Citation:
E. A. Melchior, J. K. Smith, L. Schneider, J. T. Mulliniks, G. E. Bates, Z. D. McFarlane, M. D. Flythe, J. L. Klotz, J. P. Goodman, H. Ji, and P. Myer. 2018. Effects of red clover isoflavones on tall fescue seed fermentation and microbial populations in vitro. PLoS One, 13(10): e0201866. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0201866
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2018
Citation:
Clemmons, B.A, Voy, B. H., and Myer, P.R. 2018. Altering the gut microbiome of cattle: Considerations of host-microbiome interactions for persistent microbiome manipulation. Microbial Ecology. doi:10.1007/s00248-018-1234-9.
- Type:
Websites
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2018
Citation:
rumenmicrobes.utk.edu
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Progress 10/01/16 to 09/30/17
Outputs
Target Audience:Scientific data collected as part of these research projects will be conveyed to academic and industry leaders, stakeholders, and producers through peer-reviewed publications, industry journals, and presentations at scientific meetings and extension programs. This knowledge will also be delivered to graduate students through formal classroom instruction and laboratory instruction through the enhancement of the Ruminology course curriculum. Changes/Problems:No changes or problems are reported at this time. What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?In 2017, this project permitted the attendance to two annual meetings: the American Society of Animal Science Midwestern Section meeting in Omaha, NE and Microbe 2017, in New Orleans, LA, as part of the American Society for Microbiology. Both conferences were attended to promote research regarding the outcomes of this project, which were disseminated by graduate students in the program, as part of this project. One of these posters was invited for a 15-min talk at the conference (ASM) by the graduate student, and the ASAS Midwest poster won 1st place in the ASAS Midwest MS Poster Competition. This project has also aided in the training and development of two graduate students whom are currently enrolled in the current research program and actively participate in the project. Due to the multi-faceted nature of the project, the students are active in laboratory/bench research, light bioinformatics, physical sampling and animal handling, data and statistical analyses, and research manuscript preparation. Finally, this project has aided to facilitate the collaboration between Zamorano University and the University of Tennessee Institute of Agriculture. Zamorano is an international agriculture-centric university in Honduras that focuses on addressing challenges in Latin America; such as conservation of natural resources, rural transformation, and development of internationally competitive agricultural and agro-industries. In 2017, my research program hosted an intern from Zamorano University as part of the inaugural internship year. Potential future research collaborations and UTIA graduate students are anticipated after several successful cycle completions. Educationally and professionally, this collaboration will result in the education and training of future food and animal scientists and workforce, with a gained understanding and appreciation of the importance of sustainable agriculture and food safety. This program also expects to develop effective teaching techniques that meet the needs of a wide range of students of varying demographics. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?Several delivery mechanisms have been implemented to disseminate the results of this project to communities of interest. This project permitted the attendance to two annual meetings: the American Society of Animal Science Midwestern Section meeting in Omaha, NE and Microbe 2017, in New Orleans, LA, as part of the American Society for Microbiology, of which the data and results were conveyed via poster competitions and invited poster talks. The results have also been discussed as part of the UTIA Advanced Master Beef (Nutrition) program, of which both myself and others have conveyed these results to producers around the state of Tennessee. Results have also been conveyed via the UT Beef and Forage Center, which aims to facilitate research and communication of science-based information to advance the Tennessee beef and forage industry. These data have also been discussed in field days, as part of the UTIA Research and Education Centers. As reported in the Products section, current project results have also been published and/or submitted in peer-reviewed scientific manuscripts. Outreach activities have also been undertaken to reach children interested in science who are not usually aware of these research activities, and to increase their interest in science. This was conducted at the elementary level via six 1-hour "Meet the Expert" sessions for 2nd and 4th grade students in Knoxville, TN, and 5th grade students in Chicago, IL on science experiments in biology and animal science, and career opportunities in science and agriculture. At the high school level, this was conducted as lectures covering "Modern Agriculture in the 21st Century". My program conducted four, 1.5 hours classes at high schools in Knoxville, TN. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?Additional research and experiments will be conducted to further determine and understand biological sources of variation in efficiency of feed utilization. These include analyzing ferric citrate effects on methane production, nutrient and energy balance, and rumen microbiome in growing beef steers, protozoal effects on feed efficiency, gut microbiome stability, and biomarkers for feed efficiency. These data are also expected to be conveyed at national and regional meetings, such as the 2018 ASAS-CSAS Annual Meeting, the American Society of Animal Science Southern Section meeting, the American Society of Animal Science Midwestern Section meeting, and the American Society for Microbiology Microbe meeting. Scientific data and results collected as part of these research projects will be manifested in manuscript form and published in peer-reviewed publications. The laboratory will also be adding undergraduate and intern aid, with the intent to facilitate research. One of these interns will be a product of the aforementioned collaboration between Zamorano University and the University of Tennessee Institute of Agriculture.
Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals?
The impetus behind the global food security challenge is direct, with the necessity to feed over 9 billion people by 2050. Developing a food-secure world, where people have access to a safe and sustainable food supply is the principal goal of this challenge. To achieve this end, beef production enterprises must develop methods to produce more pounds of animal protein with less. Selection for feed efficient beef cattle utilizing genetic improvement technologies, has helped to understand and improve the stayability and longevity of such traits within the herd. Yet, genetic contributions to feed efficiency have been difficult to identify, and differing genetics, feed regimens, and environments among studies contribute to great variation and interpretation of results. With increasing evidence that hosts and their microbiomes interact in complex associations and networks, examining the gut microbial population variation associated differences in feed efficiency may lead to partially clarifying the considerable variation in the efficiency of feed utilization. To this end, the major goal of this project is to understand biological sources of variation in efficiency of feed utilization. Our main objective is to generate critical knowledge about the biological mechanisms contributing to feed efficiency in growing beef cattle, prior to entering in the feedlot, focusing on associations with the microbiome of the gastrointestinal tract, ultimately aiding in the understanding of the factors contributing to feed efficiency in beef cattle for the sustainability of beef production in the US and internationally. Within 2017, much basic research has been conducted to initially examine a) the microbial populations and associated changes within the gut as a function of varying feed efficiency phenotypes, b) serum metabolites from cattle divergent in feed efficiency, and c) production effects on the rumen microbiome (e.g. monensin and fescue toxicosis). Several manuscripts described below have been accepted and/or under review regarding goal (1) of the project. In these studies, characterizing metabolic differences between efficient and non-efficient animals will allow stakeholders to identify more efficient cattle during backgrounding. The serum study used an untargeted metabolomics approach to determine differences in serum metabolites between animals of low and high residual feed intake. Four metabolites that differed between low and high residual feed intake have important functions related to nutrient utilization, among other functions, in cattle. Thea impact may allow identification of more efficient steers during backgrounding. Methane production contributes to overall energy efficiency, as methane generally is considered a loss at the metabolizable energy step especially in grazing beef cows. To this end, another study submitted hypothesized that feeding monensin to bred beef heifers in confinement will temporarily decrease methane production from shifts in the methanogenic archaeal and bacterial communities. These data suggested methane production was not reduced long-term when animals were fed monensin in confinement. Additionally, the data suggested that monensin supplementation did not suppress all classical Gram-positive populations, rather it influenced finer shifts in bacterial species that may be key in ruminant function. Several experiments and studies in 2017 began to determine microbial and biochemical biomarkers indicative of the efficiency of nutrient utilization in beef cattle. Future studies as part of this project will continue to analyze additional biological sources of variation contributing to feed efficiency, such as protozoal impact, ionophore administration, and nutritional/supplementation strategies, and host/microbiome interactions.
Publications
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Accepted
Year Published:
2017
Citation:
P. R. Myer, H. C. Freetly, J. E. Wells, T. P. L. Smith, L. A. Kuehn; Analysis of the gut bacterial communities in beef cattle and their association with feed intake, growth, and efficiency,,, Journal of Animal Science, Volume 95, Issue 7, 1 July 2017, Pages 32153224, https://doi.org/10.2527/jas.2016.1059
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Under Review
Year Published:
2018
Citation:
Melchior, E.A., Hales, K.E., Lindholm-Perry, A.K., Freetly, H.C., Wells, J.E., Hemphill-Truelock, C.N., Wickersham, T.A., Sawyer, J.E., and Myer, P.R. The effects of feeding monensin on rumen microbial communities and methanogenesis in bred heifers fed in a drylot. Livestock Science.
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Under Review
Year Published:
2018
Citation:
Clemmons, B.A., Voy, B.H., and Myer, P.R. Altering the gut microbiome of cattle: Considerations of host-microbiome interactions for persistent microbiome manipulation. Microbial Ecology.
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Under Review
Year Published:
2018
Citation:
Melchior, E.A. and Myer, P.R. Fescue Toxicosis and its Influence on the Rumen Microbiome: Mitigation of Production. Journal of Applied Animal Research.
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Accepted
Year Published:
2017
Citation:
Clemmons, B.A., Mihelic, R.I., Beckford, R.C., Powers, J.B., Melchior, E.A., McFarlane, Z.D., Cope, E.R., Embree, M.M., Mulliniks, J.T., Campagna, S.R. and Voy, B.H., 2017. Serum metabolites associated with feed efficiency in black angus steers. Metabolomics, 13(12), p.147.
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Progress 11/30/15 to 09/30/16
Outputs
Target Audience:Scientific data collected as part of these research projects will be conveyed to academic and industry leaders, stakeholders, and producers through peer-reviewed publications, industry journals, and presentations at scientific meetings and extension programs. This knowledge will also be delivered to graduate students through formal classroom instruction and laboratory instruction through the enhancement of the Ruminology course curriculum. Changes/Problems:
Nothing Reported
What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?In 2016, this project permitted the attendance to two annual meetings: the Joint Annual Meeting (American Society of Animal Science) in Salt, Lake City, UT, and the American Society of Animal Science Midwestern Section meeting in Des Moines, IA. Both conferences were attended to provide invited talks regarding the outcomes of this project. One of these talks also resulted in an invited symposium manuscript regarding the topic of the presentation to the Journal of Animal Science. This project has also aided in the training and development of two graduate students whom are currently enrolled in the current research program and actively participate in the project. Due to the multi-faceted nature of the project, the students are active in laboratory/bench research, light bioinformatics, physical sampling and animal handling, data and statistical analyses, and research manuscript preparation. Finally, this project has aided to facilitate the collaboration between Zamorano University and the University of Tennessee Institute of Agriculture. Zamorano is an international agriculture-centric university in Honduras that focuses on addressing challenges in Latin America; such as conservation of natural resources, rural transformation, and development of internationally competitive agricultural and agro-industries. In the late fall of 2015, the UTIA International Programs Office and our laboratory began the preliminary efforts to establish a senior internship collaboration with Zamorano University; hosting Zamorano students at the UTIA. This was relationship was finalized in the summer of 2016, and Zamorano University students are expected to arrive January 2017. Potential future research collaborations and UTIA graduate students are anticipated after several successful cycle completions. Educationally and professionally, this collaboration will result in the education and training of future food and animal scientists and workforce, with a gained understanding and appreciation of the importance of sustainable agriculture and food safety. This program also expects to develop effective teaching techniques that meet the needs of a wide range of students of varying demographics. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?Several delivery mechanisms have been implemented to disseminate the results of this project to communities of interest. This project permitted the attendance to two annual meetings: the Joint Annual Meeting (American Society of Animal Science) in Salt, Lake City, UT, and the American Society of Animal Science Midwestern Section meeting in Des Moines, IA, of which the data and results were conveyed via invited symposia talks. The results have also been discussed as part of the UTIA Advanced Master Beef (Nutrition) program, of which both myself and others have conveyed these results to producers around the state of Tennessee. Results have also been conveyed via the UT Beef and Forage Center, which aims to facilitate research and communication of science-based information to advance the Tennessee beef and forage industry. These data have also been discussed in field days, as part of the UTIA Research and Education Centers. As reported in the Products section, current project results have also been published and/or submitted in peer-reviewed scientific manuscripts. Outreach activities have also been undertaken to reach children interested in science who are not usually aware of these research activities, and to increase their interest in science. This was conducted in Knox County Schools, Lonsdale Elementary in Knoxville, TN in order to expose 4th grade students to STEM education and opportunities that exist in science. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?Additional research and experiments will be conducted to further determine and understand biological sources of variation in efficiency of feed utilization. These include analyzing monensin and ferric citrate effects on methane production, nutrient and energy balance, and rumen microbiome in growing beef steers, protozoal effects on feed efficiency, and gut microbiome stability. These data are also expected to be conveyed at national and regional meetings, such as the 2017 ASAS-CSAS Annual Meeting & Trade Show in Baltimore, MD, the American Society of Animal Science Midwestern Section meeting in Omaha, NE, and the American Society for Microbiology Microbe meeting in New Orleans, LA. Scientific data and results collected as part of these research projects will be manifested in manuscript form and published in peer-reviewed publications. The laboratory will also be adding undergraduate and intern aid, with the intent to facilitate research. One of these interns will be a product of the aforementioned collaboration between Zamorano University and the University of Tennessee Institute of Agriculture.
Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals?
The impetus behind the global food security challenge is direct, with the necessity to feed over 9 billion people by 2050. Developing a food-secure world, where people have access to a safe and sustainable food supply is the principal goal of this challenge. To achieve this end, beef production enterprises must develop methods to produce more pounds of animal protein with less. Selection for feed efficient beef cattle utilizing genetic improvement technologies, has helped to understand and improve the stayability and longevity of such traits within the herd. Yet, genetic contributions to feed efficiency have been difficult to identify, and differing genetics, feed regimens, and environments among studies contribute to great variation and interpretation of results. With increasing evidence that hosts and their microbiomes interact in complex associations and networks, examining the gut microbial population variation associated differences in feed efficiency may lead to partially clarifying the considerable variation in the efficiency of feed utilization. To this end, the major goal of this project is to understand biological sources of variation in efficiency of feed utilization. Our main objective is to generate critical knowledge about the biological mechanisms contributing to feed efficiency in growing beef cattle, prior to entering in the feedlot, focusing on associations with the microbiome of the gastrointestinal tract, ultimately aiding in the understanding of the factors contributing to feed efficiency in beef cattle for the sustainability of beef production in the US and internationally. Within 2016, much basic research has been conducted to initially examine the microbial populations and associated changes within the gut as a function of varying feed efficiency phenotypes. Several manuscripts described below have been accepted and/or submitted regarding goal (1) of the project. Methods to these studies were also reevaluated and published as method manuscripts in order to facilitate novel research. In these studies, sequencing methods and technologies were scrutinized and examined to best determine the highly diverse steer rumen microbial communities and the impact of technology selection on resultant phylogenetic profiles. As a result, a synergistic approach utilizing both 16S amplicon sizes for microbial community analyses may be warranted in order to achieve a more comprehensive analysis of bacterial communities. The impact of this research allows insight and application to better conduct accurate community analyses for rumen microbiome studies. Methane production contributes to overall energy efficiency, as methane generally is considered a loss at the metabolizable energy step especially in grazing beef cows. To this end, studies funded in 2015 were initiated to examine methane mitigation strategies, focusing on biochar supplementation utilizing in vitro studies. These studies will analyze the potential methane mitigation from either reduced methane production and/or reduction in methane-producing organisms. The several experiments and studies in 2016 began to address technological, microbial, and nutritional parameters that may affect the efficiency of nutrient utilization in beef cattle. Future studies as part of this project will continue to analyze additional biological sources of variation contributing to feed efficiency, such as protozoal impact, ionophore administration, and nutritional/supplementation strategies.
Publications
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2016
Citation:
Myer, P.R., Kim, M., Freetly, H.C., and Smith, T.P.L. 2016. Evaluation of 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing using two next generation sequencing technologies for phylogenetic analysis of the rumen bacterial community in steers. Journal of Microbiological Methods. 127:132140. doi:10.1016/j.mimet.2016.06.004
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2016
Citation:
Myer, P.R., Kim, M., Freetly, H.C., and Smith, T.P.L. 2016. Metagenomic and near full-length 16S rRNA sequence data in support of the phylogenetic analysis of the rumen bacterial community in steers. Data in Brief. 8:1048-1053. doi: 10.1016/j.dib.2016.07.027
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2016
Citation:
Freetly, H.C. and Myer, P.R. 2016. Feed efficiency and the microbiota of the alimentary tract. Proceedings of the Beef Improvement Federation Annual Meeting and Symposium, June 14-17, 2016, Manhattan, KS. p. 65-74.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2016
Citation:
Myer, P.R., Smith, T.P.L., Wells, J.E., Kuehn, L.A., and Freetly, H.C. 2016. Gut bacterial communities and their association with production parameters in beef cattle. Journal of Animal Science, 94(Supplement 2)183-184.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2016
Citation:
Myer, P.R., Smith, T.P.L., Wells, J.E., Kuehn, L.A., and Freetly, H.C. 2016. Analysis of the gut microbiome in beef cattle and its association with feed intake, growth, and efficiency. Journal of Animal Science. 94 (E-Supplement 5):211-212.
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Under Review
Year Published:
2016
Citation:
Myer, P.R., Smith, T.P.L., Wells, J.E., Kuehn, L.A., and Freetly, H.C. 2016. Analysis of the gut bacterial communities in beef cattle and their association with feed intake, growth, and efficiency. Journal of Animal Science.
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