Progress 12/15/15 to 09/30/20
Outputs
Target Audience:Cucurbits growers, personnel of seed and chemical industries, breeders, Extension educators, home-gardeners, students, and scientists in the professional meetings are the audience of the research and its results. Bacterial spot of cucurbits is an emerging diseaseall producers and scientists are interested in managing. Several inquiries from all over the world are made asking about the etiology, epidemiology, and management of bacterial spot of cucurbits, especially pumpkins. Changes/Problems:
Nothing Reported
What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?Two graduate students, two undergraduate students, and five summer helpers were trained to conduct seed treatments for eradication of the pathogen in the seeds, isolate the bacterium from leaf tissues and seeds, screen pumpkin and squash cultivars/accessions for resistance to X. cucurbitae, and conduct field trials. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?The results of the studies were presented to growers, extension educators, industry personnel, and scientists in 28 meetings and several visits to pumpkin trials. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?This is the final report and no further studies have been planned yet.
Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals?
Objective 1:To determine characteristics of X. cucurbitae isolates from the Noth Central Region (NCR). Fourteen X. cucurbitae isolates from seven states (Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Ohio, and Wisconsin) were tested. The American Type Culture Collection (ATCC) strain 23378 was included in this study as positive control. The result showed that the range of minimum, maximum, and optimum temperatures for cell multiplication of X. cucurbitae were 4-6, 34-36, and 24-30 degrees C, respectively. Objective 2:To develop an effective hot-water treatment for eradication of X. cucurbitae in seed. We developed a reliable method that X. cucurbitae bacterium in pumpkin seed can be eradicated by seed treatment in hot-water at 55 degrees C for 15 miutesn. This method was developed after testing naturally infected and artificially infested seeds at 45 to 60 degrees C in 5 to 30 minutes (lots of testing). Objective 3:To develop sodium hypochlorite (NaClO) and hydrochloric acid (HCl) treatments for eradication of X. cucurbitae in seed. Xanthomonas cucurbitae in pumpkin seed was eradicated by HCl treatment at 0.5% concentration for 40 minutes, but the bacterium was not eradicated by sodium hypochlorite (NaClO) treatment. The results were obtained after considerable testing. Objective 4:To collect seeds of pumpkin cultivars and accessions from USDA, seed companies, pumpkin processors, breeders, and cucurbit growers. We collected 128 seed lots and tested for presence of X. cucurbitae. None of the seed lots had X. cucurbitae. The results showed that commercial seed lots are not infected with X. cucurbitae. Objective 5:To evaluate collected pumpkin cultivars and accessions for resistance to X. cucurbitae in under greenhouse conditions. We tested 234 collected pumpkin and squash cultivars/accessions for resistance to X. cucurbitae in a greenhouse. There were differences in susceptibility among the tested cultivars/accessions to X. cucurbitae, but all of the cultivars/accessions developed leaf symptoms in the greenhouse. Objective 6:To evaluate collected pumpkin cultivars/accessions for resistance to bacterial spot in the field. We tested 124 collected pumpkin cultivars/accessions for resistance to X. cucurbitae in the field. These cultivars/accessions were also tested in the greenhouse trials. There were differences in susceptibility among the cultivars/accessions to X. cucurbitae; 31 cultivars/accessions were identified as less susceptible (with potential resistance) to X. cucurbitae.
Publications
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Accepted
Year Published:
2020
Citation:
Rai, R., Pasion, J., Majumdar, T., Green. C.E., Liu, Q., Babadoost, M., Catchen, J. and Hind, S.R. 2020. Genome sequencing and functional characterization of Xanthomonas cucurbitae, the causal agent of bacterial spot disease of cucurbits. Phytopathology (Accepted).
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Progress 10/01/18 to 09/30/19
Outputs
Target Audience:Results of this research were reported to commercial cucurbits growers, home gardeners, personnel of seed and chemical industries, breeders, Extension educators, home gardeners, students, and scientists in various local, regional, and national meetings. Changes/Problems:
Nothing Reported
What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?Three graduate students, three undergraduate students, and four summer helpers were trained to conduct seed treatments for eradication of the pathogen in the seeds, isolate the bacterium from leaf tissues and seeds, inoculate plants with the pathogen, and spray chemicals for control of the disease. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?The results of this research were presented to growers, Extension educators, industry personnel, and scientists during various local, regional, and national meetings during 2019. Babadoost, M. 2019. Updates on important cucurbit diseases in Illinois and Indiana and their management. Indiana-Illinois vegetable growers, Schererville, Indiana, 8 January 2019. A presentation and related handouts were provided to more than 82 attendees. Babadoost, M. 2019. Updates on management of cucurbit diseases. Illinois Specialty Crop Conference, Springfield, Illinois, 10 January 2019. A presentation and related handouts were provided to more than 62 attendees. Babadoost, M. 2019. Updates on management of vegetable diseases. Southern Illinois and Missouri vegetable growers meeting, Mt. Vernon, Illinois, 8 February 2019. A presentation and related handouts were provided to more than 44 attendees. Babadoost, M. 2019. Progress on management of bacterial spot of cucurbits incited by Xanthomonas cucurbitae. 6th International Symposium on Cucurbits, Ghent, Belgium, 3 July 2019. An abstract was published in the abstract book. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?We will focus on evaluating pumpkin cultivars/accessions for resistance to X. cucurbitae in the greenhouse and field, evaluating effects of crop rotation, and chemical management of the disease.
Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals?
Objective 1:To determine characteristics of X. cucurbitae isolates from the NCR. Fourteen X. cucurbitae isolates from seven states (Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Ohio, and Wisconsin) were tested. The American Type Culture Collection (ATCC) strain 23378 was included in this study as positive control. The result showed that the range of minimum, maximum, and optimum temperatures for cell multiplication of X. cucurbitae were 4-6, 34-36, and 24-30 degrees C, respectively. Objective 2:To develop an effective hot-water treatment for eradication of X. cucurbitae in seed. Xanthomonas cucurbitae in pumpkin seed can be eradicated by seed treatment in hot-water at 55 degrees C for 15 minutes. Objective 3:To develop sodium hypochlorite (NaClO) and hydrochloric acid (HCl) treatments for eradication of X. cucurbitae in seed. Xanthomonas cucurbitae in pumpkin seed was eradicated by HCl treatment at 0.5% concentration for 40 minutes, but the bacterium was not eradicated by sodium hypochlorite (NaClO) treatment. Objective 4:To collect seeds of pumpkin cultivars and accessions from USDA, seed companies, pumpkin processors, breeders, and cucurbit growers. We collected and tested more than 125 seed lots for presence of X. cucurbitae. Objective 5:To evaluate collected pumpkin cultivars and accessions for resistance to X. cucurbitae under greenhouse conditions. We have been testing more than 200 collected pumpkin and squash cultivars/accessions for resistance to X. cucurbitae in a greenhouse. There were differences in susceptibility among the tested cultivars/accessions to X. cucurbitae, but all of the cultivars/accessions developed leaf symptoms in the greenhouse. Objective 6:To evaluate collected pumpkin cultivars/accessions for resistance to bacterial spot in the field. We tested 65 collected pumpkin cultivars/accessions for resistance to X. cucurbitae in the field. There were differences in susceptibility among the cultivars/accessions to X. cucurbitae, but bacterial spots developed on leaves and fruits of all tested cultivars/accessions in the field.
Publications
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Accepted
Year Published:
2019
Citation:
Babadoost, M. and Zhang, X. 2018. Eradication of Xanthomonas cucurbitae in pumpkin seed by hot-water treatment. Acta Horticulturae (Accepted).
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Submitted
Year Published:
2020
Citation:
Thapa, S., Babadoost, M. and Sulley, S. 2019. Survival of Xanthomonas cucurbitae in the field. Acta Horticulturae (Under Review).
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2018
Citation:
Babadoost, M., Khanal, S. and Guliyev, S. 2018. Effectiveness of selected fungicides for control of bacterial spot of pumpkin, 2017. PDMR: V105.
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Progress 10/01/17 to 09/30/18
Outputs
Target Audience:Cucurbits growers, personnel of seed and chemical industries, breeders, Extension educators, home gardeners, students, and scientists in professional meetings were the audience of the research and its results. Changes/Problems:
Nothing Reported
What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?Onegraduate student, two undergraduate students, and four summer helpers were trained to conduct seed treatments for eradication of the pathogen in the seeds, isolate the bacterium from leaf tissues and seeds, inoculate plants with the pathogen, and spray chemicals for control of the disease. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?The results of the studies were presented to growers, Extension educators, industry personnel, and scientists during winter schools in January and February 2018,during the pumpkin day on 6 September 2018, during various visits to pumpkin fields, and in ascientific meeting. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?We will focus on evaluating pumpkin cultivars/accessions for resistance to X. cucurbitae in the greenhouse and field and evaluating integrated approaches of seed treatment with crop rotation and chemical control.
Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals?
Objective 1:To determine characteristics of X. cucurbitae isolates from the NCR. Fourteen X. cucurbitae isolates from seven states (Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Ohio, and Wisconsin) were tested. The American Type Culture Collection (ATCC) strain 23378 was included in this study as positive control. The result showed that the range of minimum, maximum, and optimum temperatures for cell multiplication of X. cucurbitae were 4-6, 34-36, and 24-30 degrees C, respectively. Objective 2:To develop an effective hot-water treatment for eradication of X. cucurbitae in seed. Xanthomonas cucurbitae in pumpkin seed can be eradicated byseed treatment in hot-water at 55 degrees C for 15 minutes. Objective 3:To develop sodium hypochlorite (NaClO) and hydrochloric acid (HCl) treatments for eradication of X. cucurbitae in seed. Xanthomonas cucurbitae in pumpkin seed was eradicated by HCl treatment at 0.5% concentration for 40 minutes, but the bacterium was not eradicated by sodium hypochlorite (NaClO) treatment. Objective 4:To collect seeds of pumpkin cultivars and accessions from USDA, seed companies, pumpkin processors, reeders, and cucurbit growers. We collected and tested more than 125 seed lots forpresence of X. cucurbitae. Objective 5:To evaluate collected pumpkin cultivars and accessions for resistance to X. cucurbitae in under greenhouse conditions. We have been testing more than 200 collected pumpkin and squash cultivars/accessions for resistance to X. cucurbitae in a greenhouse. There were differences in susceptibility among the tested cultivars/accessions to X. cucurbitae, but all of the cultivars/accessions developed leaf symptoms in the greenhouse. Objective 6:To evaluate collected pumpkin cultivars/accessions for resistance to bacterial spot in the field. We tested 45 collected pumpkin cultivars/accessions for resistance to X. cucurbitae in the field. There were differences in susceptibility among the cultivars/accessions to X. cucurbitae, but bacterial spots developed on leaves and fruits of all tested cultivars/accessions in the field.
Publications
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2018
Citation:
Zhang, X. and Babadoost, M. 2018. Characteristics of Xanthomonas cucurbitae isolates from pumpkins and survival of the bacterium in pumpkin seeds. Plant Disease 102: 1779-1784.
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2018
Citation:
Babadoost, M., Khanal, S. and Gulyiev, S. 2018. Effectiveness of selected fungicides for control of bacterial spot of pumpkin. PDMR: V105.
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Accepted
Year Published:
2018
Citation:
Babadoost, M. and Zhang, X. 2018. Eradication of Xanthomonas cucurbitae in pumpkin seed by hot-water treatment. Acta Horticulturae (Accepted for Publication).
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Progress 10/01/16 to 09/30/17
Outputs
Target Audience:Members of the target audience included cucurbitgrowers, personnel in the seed and chemical industries, breeders, Extension educators, home gardeners, and students. Changes/Problems:
Nothing Reported
What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?Two graduate students, two undergraduate students, and two summer helpers were trained to conducting seed treatments for eradication of the pathogen in the seeds, isolatingthe bacterium from leaf tissues and seeds, and inoculatingplants with the pathogen. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?The results of the studies were presented to growers, Extension educators, and industry personnel during winter schools in January and February 2017, during the pumpkin day on September first of 2017, and during various visits to pumpkin fields. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?We will focus on evaluating pumpkin cultivars/accessions for resistance to X. cucurbitae in the greenhouse and in the field.
Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals?
Objective 1:To determine characteristics of X. cucurbitae isolates from the NCR. Fourteen X. cucurbitae isolates from seven states (Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Ohio, and Wisconsin) were tested. The American Type Culture Collection (ATCC) strain 23378 was included in this study as a positive control. The result showed that the range of minimum, maximum, and optimum temperatures for cell multiplication of X. cucurbitae were 4-6, 34-36, and 24-30 degrees C, respectively. Objective 2:To develop an effective hot-water treatment for eradication of X. cucurbitae in seed. Report: Xanthomonas cucurbitae in pumpkin seed can be eradicated by seed treatment in hot water at 55 degrees C for 15 minutes. Objective 3:To develop sodium hypochlorite (NaClO) and hydrochloric acid (HCl) treatments for eradication of X. cucurbitae in seed. Report: Our preliminary data showed that Xanthomonas cucurbitae in pumpkin seed can be eradicated by HCl treatment at 0.5% concentration for 40 minutes, but the bacterium was not eradicated by sodium hypochlorite (NaClO) treatment. Objective 4:To collect seeds of pumpkin cultivars and accessions from the USDA, seed companies, pumpkin processors, breeders, and cucurbit growers. Report: We collected more than 100 seed lots of pumpkins for testing for presence of X. cucurbitae.We have tested 25 seed commercial lots and found no X. cucurbitae in the seeds. Objective 5:To evaluate collected pumpkin cultivars and accessions for resistance to X. cucurbitae under greenhouse conditions. Report: We have been testing collected pumpkin cultivars/accessions for resistance to X. cucurbitae in a greenhouse. There are differences among susceptibility of pumpkin cultivars/accessions to X. cucurbitae, but all of the cultivars/accessions developed leaf symptoms in the greenhouse. Objective 6:To evaluate collected pumpkin cultivars/accessions for resistance to bacterial spot in the field. Report: We tested 18 collected pumpkin cultivars/accessions for resistance to X. cucurbitae in the field. There are differences among susceptibility of pumpkin cultivars/accessions to X. cucurbitae, but bacterial spots developed on leaves and fruits of all tested cultivars/accessions in the field.
Publications
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2017
Citation:
Liu, Q., Thapa, S., Zhang, X., Sulley, S. and Babadoost, M. 2017. Bacterial spot of cucurbits (Xanthomonas cucurbitae): A serious emerging disease and progress for management. American Society for Horticultural Science annual meeting, Waikoloa, HI, 19-22 September 2017.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2017
Citation:
Babadoost, M., Ravanlou, A., Thapa, S., Liu, Q. and Zhang, X. 2017. Bacterial spot (Xanthomonas cucurbitae): An emerging disease of cucurbits. Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Plant Physiology and Pathology, Bangkok, Thailand, 26-28 June 2017.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2017
Citation:
Babadoost, M., Sulley, S. and Guliyev S. 2017. Effectiveness of selected chemical compounds and biocontrol agents for control of bacterial spot of pumpkin, 2016. Plant Disease Management Reports: V132.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2017
Citation:
Babadoost, M., S. Thapa, X. Zhang and S. Sulley. 2017. Progress in managing bacterial spot of cucurbits, caused by Xanthomonas cucurbitae. Abstracts of the American Phytopathological Society Annual Meeting, August 5-9, 2017, San Antonio, TX. Page 65, Abstract 305-P.
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Progress 12/15/15 to 09/30/16
Outputs
Target Audience:Cucurbit growers, personnel of seed and chemical industries, breeders, Extension educators, and students were the audience of this research and its results. Changes/Problems:
Nothing Reported
What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?Two graduate students, two undergraduate students, and two summer helpers were trained to conduct seed treatments for eradication of the pathogen in seeds, isolate the bacterium from plant tissues and seeds, and inoculate plants with the pathogen. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?The results will be presented to growers, Extension educators, and industry personnel during winter schools in January and February 2017. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?For the next reporting period, we will mostly focus on evaluating pumpkin cultivars/accessions for resistance to X. cucurbitae in the greenhouse and in thefield.
Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals?
Objective 1: To determine characteristics of X. cucurbitae isolates from the NCR. Fourteen X. cucurbitae isolates from seven states (Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Ohio, and Wisconsin) were tested. The American Type Culture Collection (ATCC) strain 23378 was included in this study as positive control. The result showed that the range of minimum, maximum, and optimum temperatures for cell multiplication of X. cucurbitae were 4-6, 34-36, and 24-30°C, respectively. Objective 2:To develop an effective hot-water treatment for eradication of X. cucurbitae in seed. Xanthomonas cucurbitae in pumpkin seed can be eradicated by seed treatment in hot-water at 55°C for 15 minutes. Objective 3:To develop sodium hypochlorite (NaClO) and hydrochloric acid (HCl) treatments for eradication of X. cucurbitae in seed. Our preliminary data showed that Xanthomonas cucurbitae in pumpkin seed can be eradicated by HCl treatment at 0.5% concentration for 40 minutes, but the bacterium was not eradicated by sodium hypochlorite (NaClO) treatment. Objective 4:To collect seeds of pumpkin cultivars and accessions from the USDA, seed companies, pumpkin processors, breeders, and cucurbit growers. We collected more than 100 seed lots of pumpkins for testing. Objective 5:To evaluate collected pumpkin cultivars and accessions for resistance to X. cucurbitae in under greenhouse conditions. We will test collected pumpkin cultivars/accessions for resistance to X. cucurbitae in a greenhouse. Objective 6:To evaluate collected pumpkin cultivars and accessions for resistance to bacterial spot in the field. We will test collected pumpkin cultivars/accessions for resistance to X. cucurbitae in the fields.
Publications
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2016
Citation:
Liu, Q., Ravanlou, A. and Babadoost, M. 2016. Occurrence of bacterial spot on pumpkin and squash fruits in the North Central Region of the United States and bacteria associated with the spots. Plant Dis. 100:2377-2382.
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