Progress 10/20/15 to 06/30/20
Outputs
Target Audience:Dr. Sorensen's primary audience is the scientific community. Fisheries and watershed managers are a secondary audience. His scientific audience included both researchers and academics working across the globe on invasive biology, chemical ecology, fish physiology and behavior, chemoreception, aquatic ecology and conservation. His secondary audience included state departments of natural resources, watershed districts, federal fisheries agencies (USFWS) as well as state legislative bodies (LCCMR, LSOHC, Clean Water Fund). Aquatic invasive species managers at the national level are especially interested. The public at large is also important to Dr. Sorensen. Changes/Problems:
Nothing Reported
What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?I have trained 6 graduate students since 2015 as well as 5 postdoctoral fellows. I have also taught 6 undergraduate classes and advised approximately 100 undergraduate students. Finally, I participated in several technical workshops including some in the Phillippines and China. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?In addition to publishing 30 peer-reviewed articles since 2015, I made over 30 presentations on invasive species and their control. I gave 4 interviews to the press which were covered in newpapers and radio. My work was covered in a book, "Overrun" by A. Reeves. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?
Nothing Reported
Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals?
This project developed understandings and techniques which are improving the quality of America's waters by controlling invasive fish. Carps from Eurasia and Asia have been of special particular concern with millions of dollars devoted to their control. The common carp from Eurasia now dominates wetlands and shallow lakes where it has caused huge declines in waterfowl, along with dramatic decreases in water quality. Similarly, the bigheaded (or Asian) carp, now dominate the majority of the Mississippi River Basin (a third of the country) where they have caused a collapse in its planktonic food web, declines in sport fish and fishing, and tourist income. Efforts to control the spread of these fish using nets and poisons have met with very limited success, both because these fish are mobile and hard to locate in turbid waters. New techniques that could cause invasive fish to aggregate in predictable manners and then confirm their presence would be extremely valuable to removal and control strategies. This project developed such techniques and other than can exploit source-sink population dynamics (Dauphinais et al. 2018; Sorensen & Bajer 2020). We determined how DNA released by carp (environmental DNA or "eDNA") along with pheromones (chemical information that passes between the same species which can cause aggregation) can be used to quantify the distribution and abundance of carps. We also determined how pheromone and food odors can be used to attract specific species of carp so they can then be removed. Our results are promising and are described below, Goal 1: To develop reliable and practical ways of using sexual stimuli to find and /or induce invasive carp to aggregate so they can be quantified or removed. 1a. To determine whether and how pheromonal odors might be used to induce aggregations of carp. Experiments were completed in small lake which clearly demonstrated that we could attract male common carp to sex pheromone. Another experiment confirmed this result in small pond using a purified chemical (Prostaglandin F2a). This work has shown that we can attract carp effectively. This is the first time that teleost fish has been shown to be attracted by sex pheromone in the field. A manuscript is presently being prepared for publication in a peer-reviewed journal. 1b. To determine whether and how sexually receptive/attractive Judas fish can reliably lead fishery biologists to groups of mature conspecifics where they can be measured. Radio-tagged common carp were induced to release sex pheromones using prostaglandin F2a implants (a complex pheromone) and released near other tagged carp in a lake. Carp were tracked and aggregations were seen to form, demonstrating that this is a valuable technique to induce aggregation. A manuscript is now in preparation. 1c. To identify species-specific sex pheromones in carps. Two experiments were completed. In one, Asian (Silver carp) were implanted with prostaglandin F2a and their physiological and behavioral responses to this compound and its metabolites monitored. High behavioral potency was described, demonstrating that this cue is a potent sex pheromone. Findings were published in the journal Fishes (Sorensen et al. 2019). Goal 2: To develop reliable and practical ways of using feeding stimuli to induce invasive carp to aggregate so can be quantified or removed. 2a. To identify species-specific food attractants for carps. Work characterized the chemical composition of algal feeding attractants/stimulants for bigheaded carps. Aquarium experiments suggested that amines are important but not the only components. This is important both because amines can now be developed to attract these invasive fish (no other technique exists) and it demonstrates that a continuing search for species-specific cues is strongly warranted. A report was completed with the USGS. 2b. To determine whether and how food odors might be used to induce aggregations of both common and bigheaded carp. -Field tests showed we could use food to attract silver carp in a pond. Remarkably, these aggregations were measured using eDNA alone. Similar results were seen with common carp. Results are presently being complied for a publication. Goal 3: To develop and optimize techniques to precisely measure low densities of aggregating carp formed because of sexual or food stimuli. 3a. To test and develop environmental DNA (eDNA) to measure aggregating carp. -eDNA measurements were used to precisely locate aggregating common carp (Goal 2b). An experiment in the Illinois River used hydro acoustics to quantify silver carp aggregations in an quantifiable manner which we then confirmed using eDNA. These important finds, the first quantification of carp in river using eDNA were published in PlosOne (Coulter et al. 2019). 3b. To test and develop sex pheromones as a way to measure aggregating carp. - Experiments were completed and analyzed in a 200 hectare Minnesota lake which showed that a sex pheromone, prostaglandin F2a is released by aggregating common carp and can be used to locate them. This is the first time teleost pheromones have been measured in the field and important because eDNA does not confirm fish are alive. This important finding has been published (Ghosal et al. 2018). Another publication is being prepared to describe the relationship between eDNA and common carp biomass in lakes.
Publications
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2020
Citation:
Swanson, R.G., Gagnon, J,E., Miller. L.M., Dauphinais, J.D. Sorensen, P.W. 2020. Otolith microchemistry of Common Carp Cyprinus carpio reflects capture location and differentiates nurseries in an interconnected lake system of the North American Midwest. North American Journal of Fisheries Management 40: 1100-1118
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2020
Citation:
Dennis, C.E., and P.W. Sorensen. 2020. High-intensity light blocks bighead carp passage in a laboratory flume. Management of Biological Invasions. 11(3): 441-460. /Accepted.aspx
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2020
Citation:
Sorensen, P.W. and P.G. Bajer. 2020. Case studies demonstrate that common carp can be sustainably reduced by exploiting source-sink dynamics in Midwestern lakes. Fishes. 2020 5(4), 36-45.
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2020
Citation:
Dennis, C.E. and P.W. Sorensen, 2020. Common Carp Are Initially Repelled by a Broadband Outboard Motor Sound in a Lock Chamber but Habituate Rapidly." North American Journal of Fisheries Management 40(6): 1499-1509.
- Type:
Theses/Dissertations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2020
Citation:
Andrew Riesgraf (MS, Fisheries and Aquatic Biology, 2020). A field study of the ability of a sound deterrent system to block the upstream migration of invasive carp through a Mississippi River Lock and Dam.
- Type:
Theses/Dissertations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2020
Citation:
Jane R. Feely (MS. Conservation Sciences, 2020). The ability of a cyclic sound on its own and when coupled with an air curtain to block 10 species of fish including carp in laboratory flume.
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Progress 10/01/18 to 09/30/19
Outputs
Target Audience:Dr. Sorensen's primary audience is the scientific community. Fisheries and watershed managers are a secondary audience. His scientific audience includes both researchers and academics working across the globe on invasive biology, chemical ecology, fish physiology and behavior, chemoreception, aquatic ecology and conservation. His management audience includes state departments of natural resources, watershed districts, federal fisheries agencies (USFWS) as well as state legislative bodies (LCCMR, LSOHC, Clean Water Fund). Aquatic invasive species managers at the national levels are especially interested. The public at large is also an important additional audience. Dr. Sorensen reached out to his audience in many ways. He attended about dozen national, regional scientific conferences and workshops in 2018-2019. He and his students and postdocs gave sex talks at these conferences and workshops. Dr. Sorensen reviewed 16 manuscripts for 8 journals. He serves on the Mississippi River Basin AIS Panel and is an associate editor for two international peer-reviewed journals (Journal of Biological Invasions, Fishes) is on the editorial board of another, the Journal of Chemical Ecology. He taught two courses. He gave two newpaper interviews. Changes/Problems:No changes proposed What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?I had one postdoctoral fellow, 3 graduate students, a technician and several undergraduate helpers in 2019. We met weekly one-to-one and as a group for extra training and advice. I traveled with the US Fish and Wildlife delegation to Kentucky collect and exchange information on carps. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?In addition to publishing 5 peer-reviewed articles, I made 6 presentations on invasive species and their control. I gave two interviews to the press. My work was covered in a book, "Overrun" by A. Reeves. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?We will continue to complete data analysis on food and pheromonal attractants in both common and bigheaded carp. We also plan to continue a study of feeding attractants in common carp. Effort will be focused on publishing results in peer-reviewed literature and disseminating findings at meetings and a workshop we have planned.
Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals?
This project promises to improve the quality of America's waters which are increasingly becoming infested with invasive fish. Carps from Eurasia and Asia are of special particular concern with millions of dollars devoted to their control. The common carp from Eurasia now dominates wetlands and shallow lakes where it has caused huge declines in waterfowl, along with dramatic decreases in water quality. Similarly, the bigheaded (or Asian) carp, now dominate the majority of the Mississippi River Basin (a third of the country) where they have caused a collapse in its planktonic food web, declines in sport fish and fishing, and tourist income. Efforts to control the spread of these fish using nets and poisons have met with very limited success, both because these fish are mobile and hard to locate in turbid waters. New techniques that could cause invasive fish to aggregate in predictable manners and then confirm their presence would be extremely valuable to removal and control strategies. This project is developing such techniques. First, we are examining how DNA released by carp (environmental DNA or "eDNA") along with pheromones (chemical information that passes between the same species which can cause aggregation) can be used to quantify the distribution and abundance of carps. Second, we are examining how pheromone and food odors can be used to attract specific species of carp so they can then be removed. Our results are promising and are described below, Goal 1: To develop reliable and practical ways of using sexual stimuli to find and /or induce invasive carp to aggregate so they can be quantified or removed. 1a. To determine whether and how pheromonal odors might be used to induce aggregations of carp. -Experiments completed in a pond containing common carp with two pheromones (external chemical cues released by species with innate actions) showed that we can attract carp effectively. This is the first time that teleost fish has been shown to be attracted by sex phemrone in the field. A manuscript is being prepared for publication in a peer-reviewed journal. 1b. To determine whether and how sexually receptive/attractive Judas fish can reliably lead fishery biologists to groups of mature conspecifics where they can be measured. Radio-tagged common carp were induced to release sex pheromones using prostaglandin F2a implants (a pheromone) and released near other tagged carp in lake. Carp were tracked and aggregations were seen to form, demonstrating that this is a valuable technique to induce aggregation. A manuscript is now in preparation. 1c. To identify species-specific sex pheromones in carps. Two experiments were completed. In one, Asian (Silver carp) were implanted with prostaglandin F2a and their physiological and behavioral responses to this compound and its metabolites monitored. High behavioral potency was described, demonstrating that this cue is a potent sex pheromone. Findings were published in the journal, Fishes (Sorensen et al. 2019). Goal 2: To develop reliable and practical ways of using feeding stimuli to induce invasive carp to aggregate so they can be quantified or removed. 2a. To identify species-specific food attractants for carps. Work continued on identifying the chemical identify of algal feeding attractants/stimulants for bigheaded carps. Aquarium experiments suggested that amines are important but not the only components. This is important both because amines can now be developed to attract these invasive fish (no other technique exists) and it demonstrates that a continuing search for species-specific cues is strongly warranted. 2b. To determine whether and how food odors might be used to induce aggregations of both common and bigheaded carp. -Field tests showed we could use food to attract bigheaded carp in a pond. Remarkably, these aggregations were measured using eDNA alone. Similar results were seen with common carp. Results are being analyzed for publication. Goal 3: To develop and optimize techniques to precisely measure low densities of aggregating carp formed because of sexual or food stimuli. 3a. To test and develop environmental DNA (eDNA) to measure aggregating carp. -eDNA measurements were used to precisely locate aggregating common carp (Goal 2b). An experiment in the Illinois River used hydro acoustics to quantify silver carp aggregations in an quantifiable manner which we then confirmed using eDNA. These important finds, the first quantification of carp in river using eDNA were published in PlosOne (Coulter et al. 2019). 3b. To test and develop sex pheromones as a way to measure aggregating carp. - Experiments were completed and analyzed in a 200 hectare Minnesota lake which showed that a sex pheromone, prostaglandin F2a is released by aggregating common carp and can be used to locate them. This is the first time teleost pheromones have been measured in the field and important because eDNA does not confirm fish are alive. This important finding has been published (Ghosal et al. 2018).
Publications
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2019
Citation:
Clark, D. Zielinski, D, and P.W. Sorensen. 2019. A complex sound coupled with an air curtain blocks invasive carp passage in the laboratory. Journal of Biological Invasions 9: 2837-2855.
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2019
Citation:
Finger, J., Zielinski, D., Riesgraf, A., and P.W. Sorensen. 2019. Monitoring upstream fish passage through a Mississippi River lock and dam reveals species differences in lock chamber usage and supports a fish passage model which describes velocity-dependent passage through spillway gates. River Research and Applications. 2019, 1-11
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2019
Citation:
Sorensen, P.W. Rue, M., Ghosal, R, Lim, H.K. 2019. A blend of F prostaglandins functions as a sex pheromone in Silver Carp. Fishes 4(2): 27. https://doi.org/10.3390/fishes4020027
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2019
Citation:
Coulter, D., Wang, P., Coulter, A.A., Van Susteren, G., Eichmiller, J., Garvey, J., and P.W. Sorensen. 2019. Nonlinear relationship between Silver Carp and their eDNA concentration in a large river. PLoS ONE 14(6): e0218823. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0218823
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2019
Citation:
Gilmanov, A., Zielinski, D., Voller, V, and P.W. Sorensen. 2019. The effect of modifying CFD-AB approach on fish passage through a model hydraulic dam. Water 11(9) 1176. https://doi.org/10.3390/w11091776
|
Progress 10/01/17 to 09/30/18
Outputs
Target Audience:Dr. Sorensen's primary audience is the scientific community. Fisheries and watershed managers are a secondary audience. His scientific audience includes both researchers and academics working across the globe on invasive biology, chemical ecology, fish physiology and behavior, chemoreception, aquatic ecology and fisheries conservation. His management audience includes state and provincial departments of natural resources, watershed districts, federal fisheries agencies as well as state legislative bodies (LCCMR, LSOHC, Clean Water Fund). Aquatic invasive species managers at the national levels are especially interested. The public at large is also an important additional audience. Changes/Problems:No major changes to report What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?I had two postdoctoral fellows in 2017, one technician, and two graduate students as well as several undergraduate helpers. We meet weekly individually and again as a group for extra training and advice. I also ran and organized a workshop and small conference on aquatic invasive species. I traveled with the US Fish and Wildlife delegation to China to collect and exchange information on carps with international scientists. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?In addition to publishing 5 peer-reviewed articles, I made 6 presentations on invasive species and their control and organized two workshops, one of which was the public, the other for /with the US Fish and Wildlife Service. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?We will continue to complete data analysis on food and pheromonal attractants in both common and bigheaded carp. We plan to continue to study feeding attractants in common carp. Much of effort will also be spent publishing results in peer-reviewed literature and disseminating findings ate meetings and workshops.
Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals?
This project promises to have considerable positive impact on improving the quality of America's waters which are increasingly becoming infested with invasive fish. These fish are causing enormous ecological and economic damage with carps from Eurasia and Asia being of particular concern. The common carp from Eurasia now dominates wetlands and shallow lakes where it has caused huge declines in waterfowl, along with dramatic decreases in water clarity and quality. Similarly, the bigheaded (or Asian carps), now dominate the majority of the Mississippi River Basin (a third of the country) where they have caused a collapse in its planktonic food web, declines in sport fish and fishing (and tourist income). Efforts to control the spread of these fish using nets and poisons have met with very limited success, both because these fish are mobile and hard to locate in turbid waters. New techniques that could cause invasive fish to aggregate in predictable manners and then confirm their presence would be extremely valuable to removal and control strategies. This project is developing such techniques. First, we are examining how DNA released by carp (environmental DNA or "eDNA") along with pheromones (chemical information that passes between the same species which can cause aggregation) can be used to quantify the distribution and abundance of carps. Second, we are examining how pheromone and food odors can be used to attract specific species of carp so they can then be removed. Our results are promising and described below, Goal 1: To develop reliable and practical ways of using sexual stimuli to find and /or induce invasive carp to aggregate so they can be quantified or removed. 1a. To determine whether and how pheromonal odors might be used to induce aggregations of carp. -Experiments were completed in a small pond containing common carp using two types of pheromones (external chemical cues released by species with innate actions) that were added directly to the water. This data set is now undergoing final analysis and shows that we can attract carp very effectively (although we do need the full multi-component cue). A manuscript is now being prepared for publication in a peer-reviewed journal. 1b. To determine whether and how sexually receptive/attractive Judas fish can reliably lead fishery biologists to groups of mature conspecifics where they can be measured. -Radio-tagged common carp were induced to release sex pheromones using prostaglandin F2a implants (a pheromone) and released near other tagged carp. Aggregations were seen to form, suggesting this is a valuable technique to induce aggregation. Data are now being thoroughly analyzed. A manuscript now in preparation. 1c. To identify species-specific sex pheromones in carps. -New experiments were conducted in which we hypothesized that common carp pheromone contain mixtures of amino acids and bile acids, laboratory maze tests confirmed this hypothesis which is now being analyzed. This is important because it would be the first complete identification of an entire teleost fish pheromone. Goal 2: To develop reliable and practical ways of using feeding stimuli to induce invasive carp to aggregate so can be quantified or removed. 2a. To identify species-specific food attractants for carps. -Work continued on identifying the chemical identify of algal feeding attractants/stimulants for bigheaded carps. Aquarium experiments suggested that amines are important but not the only components. This is important both because amines can now be developed to attract these invasive fish (no other technique exists) and it demonstrates that a continuing search for species-specific cues is strongly warranted. 2b. To determine whether and how food odors might be used to induce aggregations of both common and bigheaded carp. -Field tests showed we could use food to induce bigheaded carp in a pond. Remarkably, these aggregations were then easily measured with eDNA alone. Similar results were seen for common carp in a 200 hectare lake. Feeding activity increased their eDNA release, facilitating our ability to measure them using eDNA over 10-fold. The later results are novel and have just been published (Ghosal et al. 2018 Ecology and Evolution). Goal 3: To develop and optimize techniques to precisely measure low densities of aggregating carp formed because of sexual or food stimuli. 3a. To test and develop environmental DNA (eDNA) to measure aggregating carp. -eDNA measurements were used to precisely locate aggregating common carp (Goal 2b). 3b. To test and develop sex pheromones as a way to measure aggregating carp. - Experiments were completed and analyzed in a 200 hectare Minnesota lake which showed that a sex pheromone, prostaglandin F2a is released by aggregating common carp and can be used to locate them. This is the first time teleost pheromones have been measured in the field and important because eDNA does not confirm fish are alive. This important finding has been published (Ghosal et al. 2018).
Publications
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2018
Citation:
Dauphinais, J.D., Miller, L.M., Swanson, R.G. P.W. Sorensen. 2018. Source-sink dynamics explain the distribution and persistence of an invasive population of common carp across a model Midwestern watershed. Journal of Invasion Biology. 20(8): 1961-1976.
Sato, K and P.W. Sorensen. 2018. The chemical sensitivity and electrical activity of individual olfactory sensory neurons to a range of sex pheromones and food odors in the goldfish. Chemical Senses 43(3): 249-260.
Zielinski, D.P., Voller, V. and P.W. Sorensen. 2018. A physiologically inspired agent-based approach to model fish swimming fatigue and its application to upstream passage of invasive fish at a lock and dam. Ecological Modelling 382:18-32.
Ghosal, R., Eichmiller, J., Whitthuhn, B, and P.W. Sorensen 2018. Using food to attract invasive fish to a lake site reveals new relationships between fish feeding behavior, distribution, eDNA, and pheromones that can be used in management. Ecology and Evolution. https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.4169
Sorensen, P.W., Appelt, C.A., Stacey, N.E., Goetz, F.W., Brash, A. 2018. High levels of circulating prostaglandin F2a associated with ovulation stimulate female sexual receptivity and spawning behavior in the goldfish (Carassius auratus). General and Comparative Endocrinology 267: 128-136.
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Progress 10/01/16 to 09/30/17
Outputs
Target Audience:Dr. Sorensen's primary audience is the scientific community. Fisheries and watershed managers are a secondary audience. His scientific audience includes both researchers and academics working across the globe on invasive biology, chemical ecology, fish physiology and behavior, chemoreception, and aquatic ecology. His management audience includes state departments of natural resources, watershed districts, federal fisheries agencies as well as state legislative bodies (LCCMR, LSOHC, Clean Water Fund). Aquatic invasive species managers at the national levels are especially interested. The public at large is also an important additional audience. Changes/Problems:
Nothing Reported
What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?I had two postdoctoral research associates this year, 3 graduate students, and 2 undergraduates working under my guidance. We meet weekly and have weekly lab meeting and as need for special advice and training. I organized and ran and attended two workshops (US Fish and Wildlife Service) on invasive fish. One graduate student (Reid Swanson) graduated. I taught three university classes. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?In addition to publishing peer-reviewed publications, I have made several presentations to lake associations, was featured in a radio interview. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?We presently are focusing on analysing our field data and publishing them.
Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals?
GOALS/OBJECTIVES: To develop chemical and other attractants for common and / or bigheaded (a type of "Asian" carp) that can induce aggregations so they can be quantified using eDNA or pheromones Goal 1: To develop reliable and practical ways of using sexual stimuli to find and /or induce invasive carp to aggregate so they can be quantified or removed. 1a. To determine whether and how pheromonal odors might be used to induce aggregations of carp. We conducted two pond experiments to determine whether sex pheromones can induce aggregation in male carps. These experiments showed prostaglandin F2a and its derivatives, can induce strong aggregation in male common carp. A manuscript describing these is preparation. 1b. To determine whether and how sexually receptive/attractive Judas fish can reliably lead fishery biologists to groups of mature conspecifics where they can be measured. In a whole-lake experiment, a prostaglandin-implanted (i.e.pheromone releasing carp) was released and tracked in a group of sexually active common carp in a lake. We discovered that this pheromone caused the formation of social network which could be tracked. This work is now being analyzed for publication. 1c. To identify species-specific sex pheromones in carps. Laboratory studies are fractioning sex pheromone in carp and showing them to be complex mixtures which we term "pheromone complexes' and which have polar and nonpolar components. Goal 2: To develop reliable and practical ways of using feeding stimuli to induce invasive carp to aggregate so can be quantified or removed. 2a. To identify species-specific food attractants for carps. We have found that several amino acids including L-arginine can attract Asian (bigheaded) carp in the laboratory. Field work is planned. 2b. To determine whether and how food odors might be used to induce aggregations of carp. Field experiments with common carp in 2017 clearly demonstrated that we can induce large aggregations of this invasive carp in lakes. Goal 3: To develop and optimize techniques to precisely measure low densities of aggregating carp formed because of sexual or food stimuli. 3a. To test and develop environmental DNA (eDNA) to measure aggregating carp. We have tested eDNA in both lakes for common carp and rivers for Asian carp. eDNA is a highly sensitive and reliable indicator of aggregating carp. 3b. To test and develop sex pheromones as a way to measure aggregating carp. We have tested and shown that modest densities of adult male carp release nanogram quantities of a sex pheromone, prostaglandinF2a that can be measured and used as a highly reliable indicator
Publications
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Accepted
Year Published:
2017
Citation:
Zielinski, D.P. and P.W. Sorensen. 2017. Bigheaded and common carp orient to acoustic particle motion while avoiding complex sound. PLoS ONE 12(6): e0180110. https://doi.org/ 10.1371/journal.pone.0180110
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2017
Citation:
Barry, T.P., Denhert, G.K., Hoppe, P.D. and P.W. Sorensen. 2017. Chemicals released by walleye increase the growth rate of yellow perch, Perca flavescens. Journal of Fish Biology 91: 1730-1736.
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Progress 10/20/15 to 09/30/16
Outputs
Target Audience:Target audience: Dr. Sorensen's primary audience is the scientific community. Fisheries and watershed managers are a secondary audience. His scientific audience includes both researchers and academics working across the globe on invasive biology, chemical ecology, fish physiology and behavior, chemoreception, and aquatic ecology. His management audience includes state departments of natural resources, watershed districts, federal fisheries agencies as well as state legislative bodies (LCCMR, LSOHC, Clean Water Fund). The public at large is also an important additional audience. Effort: Dr. Sorensen attended half a dozen national, regional scientific conferences and workshops in 2016. He and his students and postdocs gave approximately 15 talks at these conferences. He also gave 11 invited talks at local AIS, fisheries, watershed, town councils, University, and environmental groups. Dr. Sorensen reviewed 9 manuscripts for 6 journals as well as 6 grant proposals for 2 granting agencies (Great Lakes Fishery Commission, Initiative Foundation). He serves on the Mississippi River Basin AIS Panel as well as that of the Initiative Foundation and is on the editorial board of two scientific peer-reviewed journals (Journal of chemical Ecology, Fishes) and associate editor of another (Biological Invasions). He taught three courses. Changes/Problems:
Nothing Reported
What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?I had three postdoctoral research associates this year, 3 graduate students, and 2 undergraduates working under my guidance. We met weekly and had weekly lab meeting and as needed for special advice and extra training/ help. I organized and ran one conference (American Fisheries Society) and attended two workshops (US Fish and Wildlife Service) on invasive fish. One graduate student (Nate Banet) graduated. I taught three university classes. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?In addition to publishing 10 peer-reviewed publications and attending over half a dozen scientific and professional meetins, I made two presentations to lake associations, wqas featured in two radio interviews and in a front page article in the local newspaper (Minneapolis Star Tribune). What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?We have several new field experiments on eDNA planned. We plan to finish data analysis and submit at least two manuscripts for publication and also start preparing two additional manuscripts for submission in the third (and last) year of the project. Laboratory studies are planned to chemically characterize the feeding stimulant for silver carp and determine if it is behaviorally attractive.
Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals?
IMPACTS: America's waterways are increasingly becoming increasingly infested with invasive fish that are causing enormous ecological and economic damage. Carps from both Eurasia and Asia are of particular concern. The common carp now dominates hundreds of thousands of acres of wetlands and shallow lakes where it has caused huge declines in waterfowl, along with dramatic decreases in water clarity and quality. Similarly, the bigheaded, or Asian carps, now dominate the majority of the Mississippi River Basin where they have caused a collapse in its planktonic food web, declines in sport fish and fishing (and tourist income). Efforts to control the spread of these carps has yielded little success although efforts to date have been restricted to nets and poisons. Neither of these techniques is targeted and both damage all fisheries. New techniques that can target species effectively are urgently needed. Techniques that could either locate and/ or remove unwanted species would be very valuable. This project is developing such techniques. First, this project is examining how DNA released by carp (environmental DNA or "eDNA") along with pheromones (chemical information that passes between the same species) can be used to quantify the distribution and abundance of carps. Second, it is examining how pheromone and food odors can be used to attract specific species of carp so they can then be removed. Promise is evident. We have shown (and published) that common carp release eDNA along with sex pheromones which can then be measured in the water with relative ease to accurately and precisely estimate fish distribution in lakes. Work is now examining eDNA in rivers and how precise and quantitative the technique can be there to help with bigheaded carp control. Additionally, we have been able to attract common carp to areas of lakes using both sex pheromones and food to quantify abundance in ways that they could also be removed. Work is now exploring the precision of these approaches while tests using common carp have already shown that attracted fish can be removed in lakes. GOAL 1.To develop reliable and practical ways of using sexual stimuli to find and/or induce invasive carp to aggregate so they can be quantified or removed. 1)Major activities completed / experiments conducted: A field experiment was conducted in outdoor ponds in the summer of 2016 to determine if we could attract common carp using sex pheromones and their mixtures. Another field experiment was also conducted to determine how pheromone-implanted Dario-tagged "Judas" fish releasing sex pheromones might attract male common carp in local lakes. 2)Data collected; Data was collected for both experiments. 3) Summary statistics and discussion of results and Data are still being analyzed. 4) Key outcomes or other accomplishments realized. The data have not yet been fully analyzed but pilot analyses suggest that prostaglandinF2a- implanted fish release a pheromone that will attract carp in ponds. The Judas fish experiment has also not yet been fully analyzed but suggests we can trigger the formation of networks of interacting fish in lakes that could concentrate fish. GOAL 2. To develop reliable and practical ways of using feeding stimuli to induce invasive carp to aggregate so they can be quantified or removed. 1)Major activities completed / experiments conducted: Two field experiments were conducted. The first experiment examined whether we could attract common carp to a feeding site in a large local lake. A second experiment tested whether we could attract silver carp to food in a pond. Finally, laboratory studies have been examining the chemical composition of silver carp feeding stimulant using electrophysiological recording, behavior assays, and biochemical analysis. 2)Data collected; Extensive data sets were collected for all 3 experiments. 3) Summary statistics and discussion of results: Most of the data from the lake experiment with common carp has been now been analyzed with kernel statistics. It demonstrates that we attracted a large proportion of the lake's carp (about one third) within a few days using food (P<0.05). Data are still being analyzed for the silver carp study. Finally, much of the laboratory data on silver carp feeding stimulants has been analyzed; these carps how strong food preferences (P<0.001) that are olfactory mediated (P<0.05). 4) Key outcomes or other accomplishments realized. We have determined that we can attract common carp from distances of several hundred meters to lake feeding locations in several days where they could then be counted or removed. Not enough data has been analyzed to evaluate the silver carp study at this time. We have determined that Spirulina is an especially active planktonic food stimulant for silver and bighead carp and could be deployed in baiting/poisoning programs. The latter work is now in press in the Journal of Chemical Ecology. GOAL 3. To develop and optimize techniques to precisely measure low densities of aggregating carp formed because of sexual or food stimuli. 1)Major activities completed / experiments conducted: Two field experiments were conducted as part of a lake baiting experiments to test how well eDNA and sex pheromones might be used to measure fish distribution. One experiment, conducted concurrently with the study on bait attractants (objective 2), tested whether we attracted radio-tagged common carp to a feeding site in a local lake where water samples were taken for eDNA and pheromone analysis. A second experiment, also conducted concurrently with a bait attraction study, tested whether we could attract silver carp to food in pond and then measure their eDNA. Over 100 water samples were collected for analysis. 2)Data collected; Extensive data sets were collected for all experiments. 3) Summary statistics and discussion of results and Much of the data from the lake experiment with common carp has been now been analyzed. Preliminary analysis shows that we are able to quantify the presence of common carp using eDNA and then identify their gender using sex pheromones (P<0.05). Water samples from the silver carp experiment have not been analyzed yet. 4) Key outcomes or other accomplishments realized. Initial analysis has determined that we have determined that we can quantify common carp abundance in lakes using eDNA and determine gender using sex pheromone if they can attracted to a particular spot. A manuscript is being prepared for a peer-reviewed journal.
Publications
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Accepted
Year Published:
2016
Citation:
1. Huser, B.J., Bajer, P.G., C.J. Chizinski and P.W. Sorensen. 2016. Effects of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) on sediment mixing and phosphorous availability in a shallow lake. Hydrobiologia 763 (1): 22-23.
2. Zielinski, D. and P.W. Sorensen. 2016. Bubble curtain deflection screen diverts the movement of both Asian and Common carp. North American Journal of Fisheries Management 36.2 267-276.
3. Chizinski, C.J., Bjajer, P.G., Headrick, M, and P.W. Sorensen. 2016. Different migratory behaviors of invasive adult Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio) and native Northern Pike (Esox lucius) allow for selective blocking. North American Journal of Fisheries Management 36.4: 769-779.
4. Bajer. P.G., Beck, M., Cross, T.K., Koch, J., Bartodziej, B., Sorensen, P.W. 2016. Biological invasion by a bethivorous fish reduced the cover and species richness of aquatic plants in most lakes of a large North American ecoregion. Global Change Biology doi: 10.1111/gcb.1337.
5. Eichmiller, J.J., Best, S.*, and P.W. Sorensen. 2016. Effect of temperature and trophic status on degradation of environmental DNA in lake water. Environmental Science and Technology. 50: 1859-1867.
6. Eichmiller, J.J., Hamilton, M.J., Staley, C., Sadowsky, M.J. and P.W. Sorensen. 2016. Environment shapes the fecal microbiome of invasive carp species. Microbiome 4: 44. DOI 10.1186/s40168-016-0190-1.
7. Ghosal, R, and P.W. Sorensen. 2016. Male-typical courtship, spawning behavior, and olfactory sensitivity are induced to different extents by androgens in goldfish suggesting they are controlled by different neuroendocrine mechanisms. General and Comparative Endocrinology 232: 160-173.
8. Ghosal, R. Xiong, P. , and P.W. Sorensen. 2016. Invasive bighead and silver carp form different sized schools that readily intermix. Plosone e0157174. doi:10.1371.
9. Hoover, J.J, Zielinski, D.P, and P.W. Sorensen 2016. Swimming performance of adult bighead carp Hypophthalmichthys nobilis (Richardson, 1845) and silver carp H. molitrix (Valenciennes, 1844). Applied Ichthyology 206: 1-9.
10. Sorensen, P.W. and N.S. Johnson 2016. Theory and application of semiochemicals in invasive fish control. Journal of Chemical Ecology 42: 692-715.
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