Source: NORTH CAROLINA STATE UNIV submitted to
INFLUENCE OF ENVIRONMENTAL AND CULTURAL FACTORS ON WEED MANAGEMENT IN AGRONOMIC CROPPING SYSTEMS
Sponsoring Institution
National Institute of Food and Agriculture
Project Status
NEW
Funding Source
HATCH
Reporting Frequency
Annual
Accession No.
1008100
Grant No.
(N/A)
Project No.
NC02568
Proposal No.
(N/A)
Multistate No.
(N/A)
Program Code
(N/A)
Project Start Date
Oct 1, 2015
Project End Date
Sep 30, 2020
Grant Year
(N/A)
Project Director
Everman, W.
Recipient Organization
NORTH CAROLINA STATE UNIV
(N/A)
RALEIGH,NC 27695
Performing Department
Crop Science
Non Technical Summary
Management practices that increase the competitive ability of crops with weeds are important components of integrated weed management systems. Weeds can greatly impact crop yield through direct competition for water, sunlight, and nutrient resources. Practices that affect one factor in a cropping system can impact others. Tillage practices can affect weed species composition, and weed species composition in turn can affect the critical period of weed control in a given crop (Halford et al. 2001). Understanding the impact tillage and cropping systems have on weed management will help in determining optimal crop production practices. It is important to understand the biology and growth characteristics of plant species that make them strong competitors with crops. While biology and ecology are common research areas, weed physiology is an often overlooked area of research in weed research. It is important to understand the effects that environmental factors have on the physiology of weedy species. Effective weed management programs that integrate all components of the production system including planting date, crop rotation, tillage regime, soil nutrient amendment application, and weed control measures. Sustainable weed management practices will be critical in the success of this emerging crop production area as weeds are one of the most limiting factors in establishing a healthy competitive crop, especially in perennial crop establishment and production (Fischer et al. 1988; Hall et al. 2004). Investigating weed species and their management in row crops and emerging bioenergy crops is important to the North Carolina State University mission to secure food and fiber, enhance profitability in agriculture, and providing environmental stewardship. Developing effective, economical, and environmentally sound weed management systems for North Carolina farmers will contribute to the fulfillment of the this mission.
Animal Health Component
0%
Research Effort Categories
Basic
25%
Applied
50%
Developmental
25%
Classification

Knowledge Area (KA)Subject of Investigation (SOI)Field of Science (FOS)Percent
2131820114025%
2161820114040%
2161542114035%
Knowledge Area
216 - Integrated Pest Management Systems; 213 - Weeds Affecting Plants;

Subject Of Investigation
1542 - Soft red wheat; 1820 - Soybean;

Field Of Science
1140 - Weed science;
Goals / Objectives
1. Identify soybean and wheat varieties with competitive characteristics.2. Develop cultural practices that economically manage herbicide resistant common ragweed or Palmer amaranth.3. Identify at harvest weed seed management practices that reduce weed seed populations in the soil seedbank.4. Determine the impact crop rotation and weed management practices have on long term Italian ryegrass populations in wheat.
Project Methods
Objective 1: Field and greenhouse studies will be conducted to understand the differences in growth characteristics between various crop cultivars. Studies will investigate early season growth habits, determining factors such as leaf area, growth rate, leaf orientation, and other indices that may enhance competition with weedy species. To determine if these factors affect competition, weed species will be grown in competition with the crop species to measure differences where present. Weed species will consist of weeds native to North Carolina including Palmer amaranth, common ragweed, and morningglory species, and annual grass species such as Italian ryegrass, large crabgrass, broadleaf signalgrass, and Texas panicum. Crop cultivars will be sown according to current recommendations in areas naturally infested with target weed species. Growth measurements will be taken throughout the growing season, and yields will be taken at the end of the year.Objective 2: Greenhouse studies will be combined with field research studies to screen potential preemergence and postemergence herbicides programs to manage herbicide resistant weeds. It is suspected that over-reliance on herbicide programs will lead to the continued development of herbicide-resistant weeds to multiple modes of action. Therefore, field studies will be concurrently conducted to investigate cultural practices on long-term management of resistant species. To determine the impact of crop rotation and seed removal on summer annual weed species, at harvest weed-seed removal tactics will be investigated. Practices such as seed removal, burning, tillage, and grinding will be investigated in continuous soybean and corn - soybean rotations. Measurements will be taken before and after implementation of management tactics to determine efficacy on weed seeds. Long term evaluation of soil seedbanks and seedling density will also be measure.3. The experiment will consist of a factorial arrangement of two tillage types, three herbicide treatments for management of Italian ryegrass in wheat, and two crop rotations. Treatments will be replicated 3 or 4 times at each location. Tillage treatments will include no-tillage and vertical-tillage. Herbicide treatments in wheat will include a non-treated check, a single postemergence application, and a residual herbicide applied at spike stage followed by a postemergence application. Crop rotations for the duration of the project will consist of wheat-soybean double crop or wheat-soybean-corn repeated for 6 years. Fields naturally infested with Italian ryegrass will be used and Italian ryegrass density will be determined periodically with crops harvested at the end of each season to calculate total grain production and net return of each crop rotation treatment. To conclude the study, wheat will be planted and Italian ryegrass will be left uncontrolled and the final density of the weed will be determined. Corn and soybean will be managed using normal agronomic practices.

Progress 10/01/16 to 09/30/17

Outputs
Target Audience:The target audiences for this research were primarily growers in North Carolina and the scientific community in the area of Weed Science. Growers were informed of research results through extension publications, field days, grower meetings, radio interviews, and popular press articles. Results were presented to the scientific community through regional and national meetings of appropriate socities as well as through refereed journal articles. Changes/Problems: Nothing Reported What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?These projects have provided multiple opportunites for trianing and professional development. I have presented results from several of these projects over the years at field days, county extension agent training days, grower meetings, and scientific meetings. In total, t this information has been to provide training and professional development to over 200 individuals. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?The results from these projects have been disseminated through multiple outlets. I have presented results from these projects at field days, county grower meetings, and scientific meetings. In addition, students working on these projects have presented research at grower meetings, on campus presentations, and at scientific meetings. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?I will continue the research that has been started, add additional parameters to be investigated, and finish those projects that are nearing completion, analyzing data and publishing manuscripts.

Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals? Objective 1: We worked with soybean and wheat breeders at NCSU to evaluate various lines for growth characteristics which make them more competitive either early in the season or throughout the season. Student theses have been written, and publications are being prepared. Various growth characteristics were found for each crop which may be valuable if implemented in applied breeding programs. Objective 2: We have investigated row spacing, populations, and various management techniques to aid in management of herbicide resistant weeds. Currently, we are seeking funding to improve these cultural practices and enhance control. Basic studies have shown success, however dependence on herbicides is significant. Ovjective 3: Trials were conducted in conjunction with Virginia Tech to investigate harvest weed seed practices. Trials are ongoing, however initial results are promising. Significant reductions in weed populations are evident following management Report Date 04/30/2018 Page 1 of 5 United States Department of Agriculture Progress Report Accession No. 1008100 Project No. NC02568 practices where a high percentage of weed seed are prevented from reaching the soil seedbank. Work continues to improve efficiency and identify those practices that are most practical for growers. Objective 4: These trials were initiated, however environmental and cooperator issues caused this to be abandoned for the time being. There is still interest in these factors for growers and future research will be implemented to investigate these practices.

Publications

  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2017 Citation: Schroeder, M.T., W.J. Everman. 2017. Critical period of grass weed control in sorghum. Proc. Northeast. Weed Sci. Soc. 71:36.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2017 Citation: Schrage, B.W. and W.J. Everman. 2017. Evaluation of management options for glyphosate, ALS- and PPO-resistant common ragweed in North Carolina. Proc. South. Weed Sci. Soc. 70:161.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2017 Citation: Schrage, B. and W.J. Everman. 2017. Confirmation of glyphosate, ALS- AND PPO-resistant common ragweed in North Carolina. Proc. Northeast. Weed Sci. Soc. 71:22.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2017 Citation: Norsworthy, J. K., M. Owen, J. Gunsolus, W.J. Everman, D. E. Ervin, G. Frisvold, T. Hurley, R. Jussaume, and S. Welcher. 2017. A survey of BMP adoption for resistance management in U.S. row crops. Weed Sci. Soc. 57:252.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2017 Citation: Owen, M. D., W.J. Everman, J. Gunsolus, J.K. Norsworthy, K. Dentzman, G. Frisvold, R. Jussaume, T. Hurley, and S. Wechsler. 2017. Farmer perspectives and expectations: what is thought about herbicide-resistant weed management. Weed Sci. Soc. 57:269.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2017 Citation: Everman, W.J., and M.T. Schroeder. 2017. Emergence of 6 grass species in north carolina.Proc. Northeast. Weed Sci. Soc. 71:27.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2017 Citation: Besancon, T., R. Heiniger, R. Weisz, and W. Everman. 2017. Weed response to agronomic practices and herbicide strategies in grain sorghum. Agron. J. 109:1642-1650.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2017 Citation: Besancon, T.E., R.W. Heiniger, R. Weisz, and W.J. Everman. 2017. Grain sorghum and Palmer amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri) response to herbicide programs and agronomic practices. Weed Technol. 31:781-792.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: Balota, M., W. E. Thomason, H. L. Mehl, C. W. Cahoon, F. Reay-Jones, S. V. Taylor, M. L. Flessner, and W. Everman. 2018. Revival of grain sorghum in the Mid-Atlantic. Crops Soils 51:32-47. doi:10.2134/cs2018.51.0110.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2017 Citation: Besancon, T.E., K.M. Jennings, and W.J. Everman. 2017. Absorption, translocation, and metabolism of halosulfuron in cucumber, summer squash, and selected weeds. Weed Sci. 65:461-467.


Progress 10/01/15 to 09/30/16

Outputs
Target Audience:The target audiences for this research were primarily growers in North Carolina and the scientific community in the area of Weed Science. Growers were informed of research results through extension publications, field days, grower meetings, radio interviews, and popular press articles. Results were presented to the scientific community through regional and national meetings of appropriate socities as well as through refereed journal articles. Changes/Problems: Nothing Reported What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?These projects have provided multiple opportunites for trianing and professional development. I have presented results from several of these projects over the years at field days, county extension agent training days, grower meetings, and scientific meetings. In total, t this information has been to provide training and professional development to over 200 individuals. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?The results from these projects have been disseminated through multiple outlets. I have presented results from these projects at field days, county grower meetings,and scientific meetings. In addition, students working on these projects have presented research at grower meetings, on campus presentations, and at scientific meetings. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?I will continue the research that has been started, add additional parameters to be investigated, and finish those projects that are nearing completion, analyzing data and publishing manuscripts.

Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals? Objective 1: We worked with soybean and wheat breeders at NCSU to evaluate various lines for growth characteristics which make them more competitive either early in the season or throughout the season. Student theses have been written, and publications are being prepared. Various growth characteristics were found for each crop which may be valuable if implemented in applied breeding programs. Objective 2: We have investigated row spacing, populations, and various management techniques to aid in management of herbicide resistant weeds. Currently, we are seeking funding to improve these cultural practices and enhance control. Basic studies have shown success, however dependence on herbicides is significant. Ovjective 3: Trials were conducted in conjunction with Virginia Tech to investigate harvest weed seed practices. Trials are on-going, however initial results are promising. Significant reductions in weed populations are evident following management practices where a high percentage of weed seed are prevented from reaching the soil seedbank. Work continues to improve efficiency and identify those practices that are most practical for growers. Objective 4: These trials were initiated, however environmental and cooperator issues caused this to be abandoned for the time being. There is still interest in these factors for growers and future research will be implemented to investigate these practices.

Publications

  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Accepted Year Published: 2017 Citation: Knight, A.M., W.J. Everman, D. L. Jordan, R. W. Heiniger, and T. Jot Smyth. 2017. Interactions of Nitrogen Source and Rate and Weed Removal Timing Relative to Nitrogen Content in Corn and Weeds and Corn Grain Yield. International Scholarly Research Notices, vol. 2017, Article ID 8961367, 8 pages. doi:10.1155/2017/8961367
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Accepted Year Published: 2017 Citation: Besancon, T.E., R.W. Heiniger, R. Weisz, and W.J. Everman. 2017. Grain sorghum and Palmer amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri) response to herbicide programs and agronomic practices. Weed Technol. 31:781-792.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Accepted Year Published: 2017 Citation: Besancon, T., R. Heiniger, R. Weisz, and W. Everman. 2017. Weed response to agronomic practices and herbicide strategies in grain sorghum. Agron. J. 109:1642-1650.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2015 Citation: Taylor, Z.R. W.J. Everman. 2015. Narrow row spacing in winter wheat as a tool for managing Italian ryegrass. Northeastern Weed Sci. Soc. 69:21.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2015 Citation: Taylor, Z.R. and W.J. Everman. 2015. Impact of tillage on Italian ryegrass control n winter wheat. Northeastern Weed Sci. Soc. 69:51.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2016 Citation: Besancon, T.E., W.J. Everman, and R.W. Heiniger. 2016. Broadleaf weeds management in grain sorghum as affected by agronomic practices and herbicide program. Weed Sci. Soc. 56:111.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2016 Citation: Growe, A.M., M.K. Bansal, J. Copeland, J.T. Sanders, B.W. Schrage, L. Vincent, and W.J. Everman. 2016. Sub-lethal dicamba dose impact on group V soybean growth and yield. Proc. NEPPSC 1:287. Growe, A.M., M.K. Bansal, D. Copeland, J.T. Sanders, B.W. Schrage, L. Vincent, and W.J. Everman. 2016. Group VI soybean response to sub-lethal rates of dicamba. Weed Sci. Soc. 56:40.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2016 Citation: Mirsky, S., A.S. Davis, J. Norsworthy, M. Bagavathiannan, J. Bond, K. Bradley, W. Curran, W.J. Everman, D. Ervin, M.L. Flessner, G. Frisvold, A. Hager, B. Hartzler, N. Jordan, J. Lindquist, B. Schulz, L. Steckel, and M.J. VanGessel. 2016. An integrated weed management approach to addressing the multiple herbicide-resistant weed epidemic in three major U.S. field crop production regions. Proc. NEPPSC 1:187.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2016 Citation: Mirsky, S.B., A. Davis, J.K. Norsworthy, M.V. Bagavathiannan, J.A. Bond, K.W. Bradley, W.S. Curran, D. Ervin, W.J. Everman, M.L. Flessner, G. Frisvold, A.G. Hager, B. Hartzler, N. Jordan, J.L. Lindquist, B. Schulz, L. Steckel, and M. VanGessel. 2016. An integrated weed management approach to addressing the multiple herbicide-resistant weed epidemic in three major U.S. field crop production regions. Weed Sci. Soc. 56:454.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2017 Citation: Haring, S.C., M.L. Flessner, W.J. Everman, and S.B. Mirsky. 2017. The role of late-season weather events on seed shattering of redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus) and common ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia). Weed Sci. Soc. 57:175.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2017 Citation: Haring, S.C., M.L. Flessner, W.J. Everman, and S.B. Mirsky. 2017. The effects of seed shattering date on germinability of redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus) and yellow foxtail (Setaria glauca). Weed Sci. Soc. 57:95.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2017 Citation: Owen, M. D., W.J. Everman, J. Gunsolus, J.K. Norsworthy, K. Dentzman, G. Frisvold, R. Jussaume, T. Hurley, and S. Wechsler. 2017. Farmer perspectives and expectations: what is thought about herbicide-resistant weed management. Weed Sci. Soc. 57:269.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2017 Citation: Growe, A. and W. Everman. 2017. Soybean varietal response to dicamba applied at the vegetative growth stage. Proc. South. Weed Sci. Soc. 70:175.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2017 Citation: Growe, A. and W. Everman. 2017. Dicamba dose impacts on various group IV soybean cultivars. Weed Sci. Soc. 57:44.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2017 Citation: Schrage, B.W. and W.J. Everman. 2017. Confirmation of glyphosate, ALS- and PPO-resistant common ragweed in North Carolina. Proc. South. Weed Sci. Soc. 70:37.