Progress 10/29/15 to 09/30/20
Outputs
Target Audience:This project target audience includes a wide range of scientists including ecologists, nematologists, parasitologists, soil scientists, and plant pathologists. What is of interest is in the form of refined methods and protocols for biodiversity assessments and DNA sequences for nematode identification. DNA sequences of nematodes can be used for nematode identification by experts and non-experts, phylogenetic analysis, and estimating nematode relative abundance of taxa in samples. Sequences determined in this project have been published in open public databases (GenBank) where they form one basis for identification and also references for species diagnostics and ecological studies. In addition, sequence databases can be used to increase understanding of the phylogenetic (evolutionary) relationships of nematodes, including pathogens of plants and animals. Changes/Problems:
Nothing Reported
What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?One Ph.D. student completed his training (worked on nematode associates of walnut twig beetle) and degree in 2020. Another Ph.D. student is continuing research on nematode metagenetics with anticipated graduation in 2022. Several undergraduates participated in nematode biodiversity research during this period. Two former undergraduates (K. Davies, C. Carlson) are first authors on journal publications. Even during the pandemic, one undergraduate student has continued some research. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?During the project period, results were reported at the annual meeting of the Society of Nematologists. This past year scientific societies cancelled their meetings due to the pandemic. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?
Nothing Reported
Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals?
The main objectives of the project were to: 1) discover and describe new nematode biodiversity, and 2) use soil samples to characterize nematode biodiversity through use of metagenetic tools developed and refined in the laboratory. The lab used molecular tools to compare diversity and relative abundance of nematode species from the rhizosphere soil of three different desert plant species. First, Sanger sequencing of individual nematodes was used to characterize these samples. Next, the lab developed metagenetic methods for use with these same samples. Metagenetics using Illumina sequencing revealed a greater diversity of nematode species in these samples than Sanger sequencing, which is predicted based on the larger sample size (~ 10x greater nematodes) used for each metagenetic sample. Comparing the Sanger and metagenetic results, there was no correlation between the relative abundance of individuals of each nematode species as estimated by direct Sanger sequencing versus the relative abundance of sequence reads for corresponding taxa as assessed by Illumina metagenetics for the same samples. The best explanation for this result involves differences that would effect read number in metagenetics but not assessments based on sequencing individual nematodes. These include nematode size differences (both species differences and differences between different life stages within a species) and differences in rDNA repeat copy number characteristic of different species. Although the individual (Sanger) approach can provide estimates of relative abundance of individual nematode species, it is not efficient, whereas metagenetics is much more efficient for estimating nematode biodiversity of samples. Unfortunately, information on abundance of particular species is important for estimating agriculturally important parameters such as economic thresholds for plant parasites. During the project period, a new study of soil nematode biodiversity was initiated but not yet completed. It involves a metagenetics sampling protocol designed to evaluate within and between plant rhizosphere variation in diversity, with two samples taken per rhizosphere, and six samples taken per sampling site (three plants per site). Approximately 75 samples were collected across California deserts; desert soils are particularly useful for this exploratory research because the nematodes are anhydrobiotic, permitting collection of samples without the need for immediate processing without degradation. These samples will be used to test for correlations between particular species and soil characteristics (e.g., organic matter, salinity, pH), and also species diversity and soil characteristics. The sampling protocol also permits investigation of species patchiness. Metagenetics with these samples is being performed using long-read technology rather Illumina. This permits use of a longer nuclear ribosomal DNA barcode identifier. One unexpected finding to date is high variation in the abundance of nematodes between samples from individual rhizospheres, which has important implications for nematode sampling generally. Other accomplishments during the reporting period include discovery of a new nematode species (Bursaphelenchus juglandis n. sp.) that is associated with Walnut Twig beetle (Pityophthorus juglandis), a species that is part of the disease complex (along with a fungal pathogen) that is known as Thousand Cankers Disease of walnut. This species description has now been published. It is unknown if the nematode plays a role in disseminating the fungal pathogen.
Publications
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2020
Citation:
Davies, K., C. Pagan, and S. A. Nadler. Host population expansion and the genetic architecture of the pinniped hookworm Uncinaria lucasi. Journal of Parasitology, 106: 383-391.
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2020
Citation:
Ryss, A. Y., C. Parker, S. Alvarez-Ortega, S. A. Nadler, and S. A. Subbotin. 2020. Bursaphelenchus juglandis n. sp. (Nematoda: Aphelenchoididae), an associate of walnut twig beetle, Pityophthorus juglandis, the vector of thousand cankers disease. Nematology, 0:1-30.
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Submitted
Year Published:
2021
Citation:
Carlson, C., C. Schutz, C. Pagan, L. E. Camp, and S. A. Nadler. Phylogeography of Baylisascaris procyonis (raccoon roundworm) in North America.
|
Progress 10/01/18 to 09/30/19
Outputs
Target Audience:DNA sequences of nematodes can be used for nematode identification, phylogenetic analysis, and estimating their relative abundance in samples. Therefore, the project is of value to a wide range of scientists (ecologists, nematologists, parasitologists, soil scientists, plant pathologists) in the form of refined methods and protocols and through yielding DNA sequences for nematode identification. These sequences are published in open public databases (GenBank) where they form one basis (along with type specimens) for species diagnostics and comparisons of species. In addition, this activity increases understanding of the phylogenetic (evolutionary) relationships of nematodes, including pathogens of plants and animals. The field research provides a systematic foundation for more detailed studies of trophic relationships between nematodes and other soil organisms that inhabit the rhizospheres of plants. These findings will be of interest to a broad range of ecologists. Changes/Problems:
Nothing Reported
What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?During the reporting period, training has been provided for two graduate students and six undergraduates. Most of the undergraduates were completing research required for their degree programs. One undergraduate research project has been submitted for publication (accepted, pending revision). How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?New publications are forthcoming in scientific journals. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?Prepare publications from completed research comparing metagenetics with Sanger-based sequencing of individual nematodes. Collect metagenetic data on broad-based sampling of desert soil. Complete species description of a new Bursaphelenchus species and other ongoing nematode biodiversity studies.
Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals?
A main objective of these studies is to: 1) discover and describe new nematode biodiversity, and 2) use soil samples to characterize nematode biodiversity through use of metagenetic tools that are being developed and refined. Previously the lab used metagenetics to compare diversity and relative abundance of taxa from the rhizospheres of three different desert plant species. Sanger sequencing of individual nematodes was also used to characterize these samples. Metagenetics revealed a greater diversity of nematodes in these samples than Sanger sequencing, which is predicted based on the larger sample size (~ 10x greater) of nematodes used for each metagenetic sample. Comparing the Sanger versus metagenetic results, there was no correlation between the relative abundance of the taxa in the Sanger results and the relative abundance of sequence reads for corresponding taxa as assessed by metagenetics for the same samples. The best explanation for this result involves differences that would effect read number in metagenetics but not assessments based on sequencing individual nematodes. These include nematode size differences and differences in rDNA repeat copy number per genome between taxa. Although the individual (Sanger) approach can provide estimates of relative abundance of species, metagenetics is much more efficient for estimating nematode biodiversity of samples. During the reporting period, a new study of soil nematode biodiversity was initiated. This research involves a new sampling protocol designed to evaluate within and between plant rhizosphere variation in diversity, with two samples taken per rhizosphere and six samples taken per sampling site (three plants per site, creosote bush). Approximately 75 samples were collected across California deserts, from far Southern CA near the border, to as far North as Death Valley. These samples will permit tests of correlation between particular species and soil characteristics (e.g., organic matter, salinity, pH), and also species diversity and soil characteristics. The sampling protocol also permits investigation of species patchiness. These samples have been extracted and are being prepared for metagenetics using long-read technology rather than more typical short read (300 base) methods. This will permit use of a longer barcode identifier. One unexpected finding to date is high variation in the abundance of nematodes between soil samples from individual creosote bushes. Other accomplishments during the reporting period include discovery of a new nematode species (Bursaphelenchus) that is associated with Walnut Twig beetle, a species that is part of the disease complex that is known as Thousand Cankers Disease of walnut. Description of this new species is in progress.
Publications
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Accepted
Year Published:
2020
Citation:
Feiner, N., S. de Souza-Lima, F. Jorge, S. Naem, F. Aubret, T. Uller, and S. A. Nadler. Vertical transmission of a nematode from female lizards to the brains of their offspring. American Naturalist.
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Under Review
Year Published:
2020
Citation:
Davies, K., C. Pagan, and S. A. Nadler. Host population expansion and the genetic architecture of the pinniped hookworm Uncinaria lucasi.
|
Progress 10/01/17 to 09/30/18
Outputs
Target Audience:DNA sequences of nematodes can be used for both nematode identification and estimating their relative abundance in samples. Therefore, the project is of value to a wide group of scientists (ecologists, nematologists, parasitologists, soil scientists) in the form of refined methods and protocols and resulting DNA sequences for nematode identification. These sequences will be published in open public databases (GenBank) where they form the basis (references, along with type specimens) for species diagnostics and comparisons of species, and increased phylogenetic understanding of nematodes, including pathogens of plants and animals. In addition, the field research done at desert fields sites provides a systematic foundation for more detailed studies of trophic relationships between nematodes and other soil organisms that inhabit the rhizospheres of plants. Changes/Problems:
Nothing Reported
What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?During the reporting period, training has been provided for two graduate students, five undergraduates, and one visiting scientist from Iran. All of the undergraduates were completing research required for their degree programs. One visiting scientist (sabbatical visitor) participated in these research projects, including both morphological and genetic methods. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?During the reporting period, through publication of two scientific papers (as listed) and a presentation on nematode metagenetics at a scientific meeting by one of the graduate students. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?Complete additional bioinformatic analyses in preparation for publication of one manuscript. We will conduct a broader biodiversity assessment based on replicate soil samples from a single host plant species collected throughout a broad sampling of California deserts. This sampling will permit distinguishing between within-sample versus among sample variation in species diversity.
Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals?
A main objective of these studies is to compare results from Sanger sequencing of individual nematodes from soil samples (estimates of biodiversity and community composition based on individuals) with results obtained by metagenetic characterization of pooled nematodes from the same soil samples (extracted pools of 3-12,000 nematodes per sample). These methods were used to characterize nematode biodiversity, and to compare diversity and relative abundance of taxa from the rhizospheres of three different plant species sampled from the same collecting site -- versus samples from the same plant species collected from three different sites along a 600 meter transect (total of nine samples: three sites times three plant species). Sanger sequencing of hundreds of randomly selected individual nematodes per soil sample revealed that the predominant nematode taxa in this desert ecosystem are species of Cephalobidae and Panagrolaimidae. These microbivores were expected to be abundant in desert soil based on previous investigations. Other trophic groups detected included plant parasites and fungal feeders (Tylenchida) and omnivores (Dorylaimida). Metagenetics revealed a greater diversity of nematodes in these nine samples (approximately 27% more on average) than Sanger sequencing, which is predicted based on the larger sample size (~ 10x greater) of nematodes used for each metagenetic sample. The metagenetics approach also yielded non-nematode sequences, although nematodes represented 73% of the sequence reads. As expected there were few non-nematode sequences in the Sanger-based dataset because these sequences were based on DNA extractions of individual nematodes. In one metagenetic experiment, ten replicates of the same field-sampled DNA preparation were used for ten separate PCRs prior to library construction (each replicate uniquely indexed). There was no variation in taxa detected across the ten replicates, and very little variation in relative abundance of sequence reads representing distinct taxa across replicates. This uniformity in results indicates that stochastic elements of PCR are not likely to be contributors to variation in the metagenetic results. In comparing the Sanger versus metagenetic results, there was no correlation between the relative abundance of the taxa in the Sanger results and the relative abundance of sequence reads for corresponding taxa as assessed by metagenetics for the same samples. Given the control PCR experiment reported previously, the most likely explanations involve differences that would effect read number in metagenetics but not assessments based on sequencing individual nematodes (Sanger). The most obvious of these include nematode size differences (leading to variation in DNA/nematode) and differences in rDNA repeat copy number per genome between taxa. It would be difficult to devise a correction factor for the former because pools of nematodes used for metagenetics include unknown mixtures of larval stages and adults, which vary substantially in size within species. We regard the Sanger individual-based dataset as our best estimate of the relative abundance of taxa. All samples were dominated by microbivores, with minor component taxa including plant parasites and omnivores. Predominant nematode species recorded from samples by the Sanger method include Cephalobidae (Acrobeles, Acrobeloides, Chiloplacus, Zeldia) and Panagrolaimidae (e.g., Panagrolaimus). Considering these predominant taxa, there was no apparent correlation with host plant species (rhizosphere) or locality. That is, the relative abundance of nematode taxa from replicates of the same plant species (rhizosphere) showed substantial variation. Likewise, soil samples from the same locality (but different species of plants) also showed substantial variation in relative abundance of taxa. These results suggest that these nematode communities are non-equilibrium, perhaps dominated by disturbance and patchiness. However, we have not sampled appropriately to investigate this pattern in detail.
Publications
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2018
Citation:
Hoberg, E. P., K. Burek-Huntington, K. Beckmen , L. Camp, and S. A. Nadler. 2018. Transuterine infection by Baylisascaris transfuga: Neurological migration and fatal debilitation in sibling moose calves (Alces alces gigas) from Alaska. International Journal for Parasitology: Parasites and Wildlife, 7: 280-288.
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2018
Citation:
Camp, L. E., M. R. Radke, D. M. Shihabi, C. Pagan, G. Yang, and S. A. Nadler. 2018. Molecular phylogenetics and species-level systematics of Baylisascaris. International Journal for Parasitology: Parasites and Wildlife, 7: 450-462.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2018
Citation:
Pagan, C., S. A. Nadler, and J. G. Baldwin, 2018. Characterization of soil nematode communities in a Sonoran Desert study system. Society of Nematologists Annual Meeting, Albuquerque, New Mexico, July 2018.
|
Progress 10/01/16 to 09/30/17
Outputs
Target Audience:This research is designed to be of value to a large community of scientists (ecologists, nematologists, parasitologists, soil scientists) in the form of DNA sequences useful for nematode identification. These sequences are published in open public databases (GenBank) where they form the reference basis (along with type specimens) for species diagnostics and comparisons of species, providing evolutionary context for understanding nematodes, including pathogens of plants and animals. In addition, the field research done at Deep Canyon Reserve provides a systematic foundation for more detailed studies of trophic and other ecological relationships between nematodes and other soil organisms that inhabit the rhizosphere of plants. Changes/Problems:
Nothing Reported
What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?During the reporting period, training has been provided for two graduate students, five undergraduates, and one visiting scientist. Three of the undergraduates are undertaking research required for their degree programs in Animal Biology or Global Disease Biology. One visiting scientist (sabbatical visitor) participated in these research projects, including both morphology and genetic methods. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?During the reporting period, through publication of scientific papers (as listed) and a presentation at a scientific meeting. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?We have completed the metagenetic data collection. The main emphasis during the next reporting period is to complete the bioinformatic analyses and submit the findings for publication. Other, separate projects will also be pursued. One involves a broader-scale geographic sampling of soil nematodes to These involve diagnostics for certain animal parasites that have been submitted to the lab for morphological and genetic analysis.
Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals?
Identifying new species of nematodes, understanding how many species are found in particular hosts or soil environments, and characterizing the evolutionary relationships among known species are important activities for advancing research in agricultural and environmental nematology. Accomplishments included growth in systematic and taxonomic knowledge resulting from the generation and analysis of new sequence data. During the project period, this research has focused mainly on biodiversity, phylogenetics, and molecular diagnostic research for different groups of nematodes, including plant and animal parasites, soil microbe feeders, and species that prey on other organisms. Journal publications during the project reflect new detailed hypotheses for relationships of certain nematode groups. Hatch funds have been used to leverage federal funding in the form of a NSF grant that permits investigations of nematode biodiversity through support for equipment and supplies, and undergraduate and graduate student funding. Most recently the lab has focused its efforts on biodiversity research involving soil nematodes from a University of California reserve site, Boyd Deep Canyon Reserve. This desert soil environment was selected to serve as a model system for investigating new higher-throughput methodologies for understanding nematode diversity and diagnosing species. These soil nematodes are dominated by microbe-feeding nematodes, but also include plant parasites and predatory species that feed on other nematodes. The main research activities have involved documenting morphological diversity by through-focus microscopy and image capture, with correlated molecular sequence identifiers for these individual nematodes. Molecular investigations of these nematodes were conducted using large-scale sampling of individual nematodes (hundreds of individuals per sample) with sequencing of ribosomal RNA identifiers, and metagenetic tools. These approaches permit accurate identifications of species and more rapid diagnostics of the species present in samples. Metagenetic sequencing has been completed on nine soil samples that were also characterized using traditional sequencing methods (non high-throughput). Preliminary analysis reveals no correlation between the read abundance from metagenetic datasets and the abundance of individual species as determined by direct sequencing of individuals. However, the metagenetic analysis, which is based on bulk extraction of nematodes isolated from soil, shows a greater number of species, consistent with the greater number of nematodes characterized per sample. These results indicate that ecological analyses of soil nematodes that require estimates of the relative abundance of individual species are incompatible with current metagenetic methods. In contrast, given their relative ease of application compared to Sanger sequencing of individual nematodes, metagenetic approaches are preferred for ecological analyses that only require estimates of the number of different species present in a sample.
Publications
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Awaiting Publication
Year Published:
2017
Citation:
Osten-Sacken, N., M. Heddergott, A. Schleimer, H. E. Anheyer-Behmenburg, M. Runge, G. J. Horsburgh, L. Camp, S. A. Nadler, A. C. Frantz. 2017. Similar yet different: co-analysis of the genetic diversity and structure of an invasive nematode parasite and its invasive mammalian host. International Journal for Parasitology, in press.
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Submitted
Year Published:
2018
Citation:
Kim, T., E. Kern, H. Kwak, J. Kim, C. Park, S. A. Nadler, Y. J. Bae, and J. K. Park. The bipartite mitochondrial genome of Ruizia karukerae (Rhigonematomorpha: Nematoda). Scientific Reports, submitted.
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Submitted
Year Published:
2018
Citation:
Liang, L., L. Lu?, S. A. Nadler, D. I. Gibson, L.-P. Zhang, H.-X. Chen, W-T Zhao, and Y-N. Guo. Molecular phylogeny and dating reveal a terrestrial origin for Ascaridoid nematodes in the early Carboniferous. Submitted, Systematic Biology.
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Submitted
Year Published:
2018
Citation:
Seguel, M., S. Nadler, C. Field, and P. Duignan. Vasculitis and thrombosis due to the sea lion lungworm, Parafilaroides decorus, in a Guadalupe fur seal (Arctocephalus philippii townsendi). Submitted, J. Wildlife Diseases.
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Submitted
Year Published:
2018
Citation:
Choudhury, A. and S. A. Nadler. Phylogenetic relationships of spiruromorph nematodes (Spirurina: Spiruromorpha) in North American freshwater fishes. Submitted, J. Parasitology.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Other
Year Published:
2017
Citation:
Society of Nematologists 56th Annual Meeting, Williamsburg, VA (August 13-16, 2017), Symposium: Nematode Systematics Challenges and Advances in Nematode Taxonomy, Systematics and Phylogeny, "Lessons Learned During Thirty Years Of Inferring Nematode Phylogenies"
|
Progress 10/29/15 to 09/30/16
Outputs
Target Audience:This research is designed to be of value to a large community of scientists (ecologists, nematologists, parasitologists, soil scientists) in the form of DNA sequences useful for nematode identification. These sequences are published in open public databases (GenBank) where they form the reference basis (along with type specimens) for species diagnostics and comparisons of species, providing evolutionary context for understanding nematodes, including pathogens of plants and animals. In addition, the field research done at Deep Canyon Reserve provides a systematic foundation for more detailed studies of trophic and other ecological relationships between nematodes and other soil organisms that inhabit the rhizosphere of plants. Changes/Problems:During this project period, methods for metagenetics changed substantially to overcome unanticipated problems in methods base solely on PCR. This was coupled with changes in next-generation sequencing technology. Therefore, during the course of the project we changed the way that we did metagenetics to reflect these improvements. These changes include dual-indexing of experimental amplicons, preparation of libraries, and use of Illumina sequencing. These methods were used in experiments on soil nematodes conducted at Deep Canyon Reserve. What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?During the project period, training has been provided for four graduate students, twenty undergraduates, and seven visiting scientists. Four of the undergraduates completed research training required for their undergraduate practicum project for the degree in Animal Biology (ABI). One visiting postdoctoral scholar (Dr. Limin Zhang) learned PCR based techniques, and applied these in a project to use metagenetics to characterize prey of predatory nematodes. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?Through publication of scientific papers in peer-reviewed journals (citations provided in this report), presentations at scientific meetings, invited seminars at universities, and through deposits of sequence data in the GenBank nucleotide database. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?Our lab is focused on completing metagenetic work for comparison to the curated individual sequences. This requires completion of sequences and bioinformatics; this work will take much of the remainder of the project year.
Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals?
During the project period, this research has focused mainly on biodiversity, phylogenetics, and molecular diagnostic research for a diverse group of nematodes, including plant and animal parasites, soil microbivores, and predators. Accomplishments included growth in systematic and taxonomic knowledge resulting from the generation and analysis of new sequence data. Journal publications during the project reflect new detailed hypotheses for relationships of these nematode groups. Hatch funds have been used to leverage federal funding in the form of a three-year NSF grant that permits investigations of nematode biodiversity through support for equipment and supplies, and undergraduate and graduate student funding. Identifying new species of nematodes, understanding how many species are found in particular hosts or soil environments, and characterizing the evolutionary relationships among known species are important activities for advancing research in agricultural and environmental nematology. Most recently the lab has focused considerable effort on biodiversity research involving soil nematodes from a University of California reserve site, Boyd Deep Canyon Reserve. This desert soil environment was selected to serve as a model system for investigating new higher-throughput methodologies. These soil nematodes are dominated by microbe-feeding nematodes, but also include plant parasites and predatory species that feed on other nematodes. The main research activities have involved documenting morphological diversity by through-focus microscopy and image capture, with correlated molecular sequence identifiers for these individual nematodes. Molecular investigations of these nematodes were conducted using large-scale sampling of individual nematodes with sequencing of 28S identifiers, and metagenetic tools. These approaches permit accurate identifications of species and more rapid diagnostics of the species present in samples. Moreover, the methods under development have the potential to be used for any environment within which nematodes are found. Research still in progress involves comparing assessments of nematode species abundance based on sequencing of individual nematodes versus estimates based on metagenetic next-generation sequencing. Molecular identification tools for these organisms and disease agents benefit efforts to minimize their impact and more generally, to understand their ecology.
Publications
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2016
Citation:
Liu, G.-H, S. A. Nadler, S.-S. Liu, M. Podolska, S. DAmelio, R. Shao, R. B. Gasser, X.-Q. Zhu. 2016. Mitochondrial phylogenomics yields strongly supported hypotheses for ascaridomorph nematodes. Scientific Reports, 6:39248; doi: 10.1038/srep39248.
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2017
Citation:
Kim, J., E. Kern, T. Kim, M. Sim, J. Kim, Y. Kim, C. Park, S. A. Nadler, J.-K. Park. 2017. Phylogenetic analysis of two Plectus mitochondrial genomes (Nematoda: Plectida) supports a sister group relationship between Plectida and Rhabditida within Chromadorea. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 107:90-102.
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2015
Citation:
Holovachov, O., L. Camp, and S. A. Nadler. 2015. Sensitivity of ribosomal RNA character sampling in the phylogeny of Rhabditida. Journal of Nematology, 47:337-355
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Awaiting Publication
Year Published:
2016
Citation:
Choudhury, A., and S. A. Nadler. 2016. Phylogenetic relationships of Cucullanidae (Nematoda), with observations on Seuratoidea, and the monophyly of Cucullanus, Dichelyne and Truttaedacnitis. Journal of Parasitology, 102:87-93.
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2016
Citation:
Cid del Prado Vera, I., H. Ferris, and S. A. Nadler. 2016. Five new species of the family Trischistomatidae (Nematoda: Enoplida) from North and Central America, with keys to the species of Trischistoma and Tripylina. Zootaxa, 4109:173-197.
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2016
Citation:
Cid del Prado Vera, I., H. Ferris, and S. A. Nadler. 2016. Five new species of the genus Tripylella (Nematoda: Enoplida: Tripylidae). Zootaxa, 4109:198-217.
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2016
Citation:
Sol�rzano-Garc�a, B., S. A. Nadler, and G. P�rez Ponce de Le�n. 2016. Pinworm diversity in free-ranging howler monkeys (Alouatta spp.) in Mexico: Morphological and molecular evidence for two new Trypanoxyuris species (Nematoda: Oxyuridae). Parasitology International, 65:401-411.
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2016
Citation:
P�rez-Ponce de Le�n, G., and S. A. Nadler. 2016. The importance of recognising parasite cryptic diversity for research programmes on foodborne trematodiases. Transactions of The Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 110:4-5.
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2015
Citation:
Kim, T., J. Kim, S. A. Nadler, and J. K. Park. 2015. The complete mitochondrial genome of Koerneria sudhausi (Diplogasteromorpha: Nematoda) supports monophyly of Diplogasteromorpha within Rhabditomorpha. Current Genetics, DOI 10.1007/s00294-015-0536-4.
|
|