Progress 10/01/15 to 09/30/16
Outputs
Target Audience:The target audience included growers, students, extension educators and researchers. Specifically, the members of the New York State Berry Growers Association, the North American Raspberry and Blackberry Association, and the USDA National Coordinating Committe-212 for Small Fruits and Viticulture as well as non-member growers in NY, mid-western, northeastern and mid-Atlantic states. Researchers and extension staff from Cornell and other leading institutions with programs in berry production, breeding and/or processing were also targeted. Graduate and undergraduate students at Cornell and elementary students from the Geneva, NY school system have also been provided information regarding berry breeding, production and nutritional content of berries in workshops and open houses. Changes/Problems:
Nothing Reported
What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?Multiple opportunities to interact with stakeholders and present information on the various training systems for raspberry and blackberry in high tunnels. These included the Cornell Berry Production Workshop on March 24, 2016 and the Cornell Fruit Field Day on July 20, 2016. On Sept. 10, 2016, a tour and lecture on the system was given to the Cornell Alumni Assoc. of Rochester. Sept. 17, 2016 a tour and lecture was given to Cornell Plant Breeding students and visiting scientists in the Humphrey Fellows and Alliance for Science Fellows programs. Attended the Empire State Producers Expo on January 21, 2016 to obtain the latest information on berry production, pest management and production technologies. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?The high density black raspberry planting was exhibited and explained at the Cornell Fruit Field Day on July 20, 2016 in a 20 minute session with 48 growers attending. The training system and pruning approach was demonstrated and data on yield and fruit size was presented to the growers. Growers were able to walk through the planting to see the system personally and ask questions about its implementation. Information on raspberry varieties and their suitability to different training systems including the high density black raspberry system and double cropping primocane red raspberries was presented to 26 growers and extension educators at the Cornell Berry Production Workshop hosted by the Saratoga County Cornell Cooperative Extension in Ballston Spa, NY. On Sept. 10, 2016 a tour of the high tunnel production system was provided to the Cornell Alumni Assoc. of Rochester for 90 attendees. Examples of various training and production systems including double cropping red raspberries, high density black raspberry production and primocane blackberry production were highlighted. On Sept. 17, 2016 a tour of the high tunnel production system was given to 36 Cornell Plant Breeding students and visiting scientists in the Humphrey Fellows and Alliance for Science Fellows programs. Examples of various training and production systems What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?
Nothing Reported
Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals?
The replicated high density black raspberry trial established in 2014 under high tunnels to test variation of training systems and planting density was harvested for the second season in 2016. Yield and fruit size were recorded at each harvest dates for all plots and used for calculating yield per area and mean fruit size over the whole season. Over a 2 year period, the high density planting had 68% and 39% higher yield for the varieties Bristol and Jewel, respectively, compared to control plots in the standard density plots with similar fruit size. The increased yield could be accounted for by the yield on 1st year canes in the high density planting. Since the plants produced few canes in the first year of growth, the standard planting had few productive canes for the first harvest. The high density planting is based on only 2 producing canes per plant, with more plants making up the difference. This allowed this system to become fully productive in the first year after planting. At local wholesale prices for black raspberry fruit of $6.75/lb, this yield increase would equal 50% of the cost of setting up the production system and allow growers to pay recoup their set up costs 1 year sooner. High tunnel black raspberry yield and fruit size. lb/ac Fruit Size (g) 2015 2016 Total 2015 2016 Mean Bristol HD 5615 4893 10508 1.7 1.2 1.5 Bristol CTL 2284 5000 6264 1.8 1.3 1.6 Jewel HD 5607 4441 10048 2.6 2.0 2.3 Jewel CTL 1265 4940 7225 2.6 2.0 2.3 For the double cropping system, 13 varieties were evaluated for there potential for double producing a economically meaningful summer crop. The varieties Heritage, Double Gold, Prelude, Polka, Crimson Giant, Nantahala, BP-1 and Himbo Top all had significant fruit bearing potential for the summer season following fall harvest and could be managed in a double cropping system. Joan J, Autumn Britten, Caroline and Polka had insufficient cane area for a viable summer crop. Tulamagic and Nova did not have significant fall crops and would only be viable as summer varieties in the NY climate conditions. In blackberry, tipping versus non-tipping was evaluated across 3 selections from the breeding program. Tipping increased the number of fruiting laterals present thus increasing yield potential. In some cases, tipping delayed flowering and fruit ripening which could lower yields when cold temperatures are experienced early in the season. In 2016 the fall temperatures were late in arriving, thus the tipped selection had higher yields and the canes were a more manageable for picking than the untipped canes.
Publications
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2016
Citation:
P. Perkins-Veazie, G. Ma, G. Fernandez, C. Bradish, J.M. Bushakra, N. Bassil, C.A. Weber, J.C. Scheerens and C.E. Finn. 2016. Black raspberry fruit composition over two years from seedling populations grown at four U.S. geographic locations. Acta Hort. 1133:335-338.
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