Source: OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY submitted to NRP
ELECTROSTATIC PRECIPITATION AIR CLEANING OF PARTICULATE MATTER (PM) EMISSIONS AT ANIMAL PRODUCTION FACILITIES
Sponsoring Institution
National Institute of Food and Agriculture
Project Status
COMPLETE
Funding Source
AFRI COMPETITIVE GRANT
Reporting Frequency
Annual
Accession No.
1007612
Grant No.
2016-67021-24434
Cumulative Award Amt.
$494,016.00
Proposal No.
2015-06154
Multistate No.
(N/A)
Project Start Date
Jan 1, 2016
Project End Date
Apr 30, 2022
Grant Year
2016
Program Code
[A1521]- Agricultural Engineering
Recipient Organization
OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY
1680 MADISON AVENUE
WOOSTER,OH 44691
Performing Department
Food, Agr, and Biological Eng
Non Technical Summary
Particulate Matter (PM) emission from animal facilities carries toxic gases, odor, and pathogens, thereby raising significant concerns on health, food safety, and environmental quality. Increased public concerns and existing PM regulations make it imperative to develop both effective and economically feasible technologies to mitigate PM emissions from animal production facilities. To date, success in this area has been limited. The goal of this project is to develop two innovative electrostatic PM control systems that demonstrate promises of high PM collection efficiency, low air resistance, capacities in disinfection of airborne pathogens, and relatively low cost. The specific objectives and approaches are to (1) characterize key PM parameters and airflow conditions in typical poultry houses that affect electrostatic PM mitigation, (2) develop, test, and model optimized modules and full-scale prototypes of Electrostatic Precipitators (ESPs) and Electrostatic Scrubbers (ESSs) under lab conditions, and (3) assess and evaluate their performances and economic feasibilities for PM control at poultry facilities. The major project outcomes are expected to enable the poultry industry to effectively mitigate PM emissions, which will contribute to improved health, reduced outbreaks of foodborne diseases, enhanced environmental quality, and sustainable animal production. Our experienced multi-state and multi-disciplinary team is uniquely positioned to ensure the success of this project.
Animal Health Component
50%
Research Effort Categories
Basic
30%
Applied
50%
Developmental
20%
Classification

Knowledge Area (KA)Subject of Investigation (SOI)Field of Science (FOS)Percent
40204102020100%
Knowledge Area
402 - Engineering Systems and Equipment;

Subject Of Investigation
0410 - Air;

Field Of Science
2020 - Engineering;
Goals / Objectives
The goal of this project is to develop two innovative electrostatic PM control systems that demonstrate promises of high PM collection efficiency, low air resistance, capacities in disinfection of airborne pathogens, and relatively low cost. The specific objectives and approaches are to (1) characterize key PM parameters and airflow conditions in typical poultry houses that affect electrostatic PM mitigation, (2) develop, test, and model optimized modules and full-scale prototypes of Electrostatic Precipitators (ESPs) and Electrostatic Scrubbers (ESSs) under lab conditions, and (3) assess and evaluate their performances and economic feasibilities for PM control at poultry facilities. The major project outcomes are expected to enable the poultry industry to effectively mitigate PM emissions, which will contribute to improved health, reduced outbreaks of foodborne diseases, enhanced environmental quality, and sustainable animal production. Our experienced multi-state and multi-disciplinary team is uniquely positioned to ensure the success of this project.
Project Methods
The methods/approaches of the proposed project are as follows: (1) characterize PM and airflow conditions critical to electrostatic PM control at three targeted application locations at poultry houses: air tube manure drying duct, indoors, and exhaust airstreams, (2) scale-up the ESP design, (3) optimize the ESS module, (4) construct prototypes and evaluate performance of the optimized ESP and ESS modules, (5) develop full-scale ESPs and ESSs and test them at commercial poultry farms, and (6) assess and compare economic feasibility of the ESP and ESS technologies for poultry applications.

Progress 01/01/16 to 04/30/22

Outputs
Target Audience: Animal producers, Professionals working with the animal industries, Researchers, and Graduate students. Changes/Problems:The project was originally scheduled to begin in January 2016, but actively began in June 2016 after a graduate research associate was recruited. In addition, we originally planned to use a wind-tunnel test chamber to be built by the USDA ARS Application Technology Research Group. Due to USDA hiring budget freeze and government shutdown, the making process of the wind tunnel chamber was significantly delayed. A simplified wind-tunnel test chamber had to be designed and built at the PI's lab for the laboratory tests. Due to these delays, the project schedule and timeline have been adjusted accordingly with an approved one-year extension. The Covid-19 pandemic further delayed the field evaluations of the ESP and ESS prototypes, with field evaluations ultimately were concluded in Jan. 2021. An addition one-year extension of the project enabled more data analysis and preliminarily tests of the ESP and ESS effects on pathogen control. What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided? Project team members gave presentations at the 2017 ASABE Annual International Meeting in Spokane, WA. Project team members gave presentations at the 1st Workshop on Sino-US Collaboration in Agricultural Environment and Energy in Beijing, China. June 7-8, 2017. Project team members gave presentations at the 2018 ASABE Annual International Meeting in Detroit, MI. Project team members gave presentations at the 2019 ASABE Annual International Meeting in Boston, MA. Project team members gave presentations at the 2nd Workshop on Sino-US Collaboration in Agricultural Environment and Energy in Columbus, OH. Summer of 2019. Project team members gave presentations at the 2020 ASABE Annual International Meeting online. Project team gave presentation and organized workshop at the 2022 Waste to Worth Conference. Project team members gave presentations at the 2022 ASABE Annual International Meeting How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?The project results have been disseminated through in-person meetings among the team members, small group meetings with producers, and presentations at professional conference, and extension meeting. See the publication section for more details. In addition, a workshop "A Workshop to Review BMPs and BATs for Control of Dust, Ammonia, and Airborne Pathogen Emissions at Commercial Poultry Facilities" had been organized at the 2022 Waste to Worth Conference, April 18-22, 2022. Maumee Bay Lodge, Oregon, OH. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals? Nothing Reported

Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals? The specific accomplishments are summarized per the Objectives as the followings: Objective 1. To ensure effective design and operation of the electrostatic PM control devices, data on critical PM characteristics and airflow conditions were collected and analyzed for PM and airflow characteristics affecting ESP and ESS operation at typical manure-blet layer houses in Midwest States. The PM characterizations knowledge have been used for development of ESP and ESS devices and published as a journal article to share the knowledge with producers and researchers. Objective 2. A comprehensive simulation model of the poultry PM collection process in an ESP module was developed using COMSOL software. The COMSOL ESP model was validated and then used for simulation and optimization of the ESP designs for maximum PM removal efficiency and minimum energy use. This optimized ESP module achieved a PM2.5 removal efficiency of 80.5%, 91.3%, and 99.6% for hot, warm, and cold weather, respectively, and a PM10 removal efficiency of 100% for all seasons. The respective relative prediction errors of 10.1%, 3.0%, and 1.0%. This COMSOL ESP model can be used as an inexpensive alternative to developing physical prototypes when evaluating ESP designs for PM mitigation in poultry facilities. Two ESP module prototypes have been successfully developed and constructed according to the preliminarily optimized designs of ESP models. A wind tunnel/test chamber has been designed and constructed for laboratory tests and physical simulation of the preliminarily optimized ESP module prototypes. Laboratory tests were conducted to first validate the COMSOL ESP model, and then further optimize the operating conditions of the ESP module prototypes. The optimum operating parameters for a smaller ESP model for indoor PM removal at manure-belt layer houses included an applied voltage of 26 kV and an air velocity of 1.50 m s-1. These operating conditions resulted in mean PM2.5, PM10, and TSP removal efficiencies of 90.3% ± 3.3%, 93.1% ± 2.7%, and 94.5% ± 2.1%, respectively. A larger ESP for application at exhaust fans performed best at an applied voltage of 40 kV and a mean air velocity of 1.50 m s-1. Mean PM2.5, PM10, and TSP removal efficiencies achieved at these operating conditions were 98.2% ± 0.5%, 98.9% ± 0.3%, and 99.0% ± 0.3%, respectively. Both ESPs performed well enough to proceed with future field evaluations in a commercial poultry facility. A laboratory study on effects of electrode materials and dimensions on droplet charging efficiency was conducted. In this study, ring-shaped electrodes were selected to test effects of three electrode materials (copper, stainless steel, and graphite) with various dimensions on droplet charging efficiency. A Faraday pail charge measurement device was used to measure the droplet charge generated by the electrodes. A reduced factorial design with four factors including electrode material, electrode diameter, nozzle height, and applied voltage was used in this study to investigate the charging efficiency affected by the factors. A 304L stainless steel electrode was found to achieve higher droplet charge-to-mass ratio (CMR) values than identically shaped electrodes made from either copper or graphite. The optimal stainless steel electrode inner diameter was 100 mm. The 304L stainless-steel electrode with this optimal diameter and a height of 45 mm achieved the highest mean CMR of 0.435 ± 0.002 mC kg-1 at an applied voltage of -11 kV with the bottom of the nozzle tip positioned 15 mm below the top of the electrode. Three types of spray nozzles were tested with a range of applied voltages, mass flow rates, and water conductivities to determine the optimal spray configuration to maximize the CMR of the spray droplets for an ESS to more effectively collect airborne PM in poultry facilities. A 80° tapered edge flat spray nozzles achieved the largest mean charge mass ration of (CMR) 0.613 mC kg-1. A linear regression model for CMR was developed and used for optimization of applied voltage and water mass flow rate to maximize the achievable CMR. The optimal ESS configuration to maximize the CMR of spray droplets at a water conductivity of 0.05 S m-1 was an 80° tapered edge flat spray nozzle, an applied voltage of -11.6 kV, and a mass flow rate of 0.397 kg min-1, resulting in an optimal CMR of 0.578 mC kg-1, equivalent to 20.3% of the Rayleigh charging limit. Based on the optimized spray charging designs, an electrostatic spray scrubber (ESS) has been developed and optimized in a laboratory setting for mitigation of poultry PM emission. The full-scale ESS was tested in a wind tunnel simulating dusty air flow in poultry facilities. A weighted electrostatic spraying statistic (WESS) was developed to quantify the overall ESS performance in terms of PM2.5 and PM10 removal efficiencies and water consumption. A linear regression model for WESS was developed and optimized. Testing the ESS at conditions close to the identified optimal values resulted in a WESS value of 89.8 ± 1.5 and respective mean PM2.5, PM10, and total PM removal efficiencies of 94.5% ± 1.0%, 79.9% ± 3.1%, and 75.2% ± 4.4%. This model will be a useful tool for future research to develop applications of this technology under various environmental conditions. Objective 3. Two full-scale electrostatic precipitators (ESPs) were tested at a commercial poultry production facility to assess their PM removal capabilities. The smaller ESP prototype was installed inside the poultry production facility and the larger ESP was installed in a custom-built sampling chamber attached to the exterior wall of the poultry house to isolate the airstream of a 1.32 m diameter exhaust fan from ambient air. The smaller ESP had mean PM2.5, PM10, and TSP removal efficiencies of 79.6% ±5.7%, 92.7% ±4.4%, and 94.6% ±2.0%, respectively, while the large ESP demonstrated the efficiencies of 93.6% ±5.0%, 94.0% ±5.0%, and 94.7% ±4.4% for PM2.5, PM10, and TSP removal, respectively. The smaller ESP featured an initial cost of $7,095 and an estimated annual operating cost of $120. For the larger ESP, the initial cost per unit was $8,610, with an estimated annual operating cost of $123 per unit. Installation of these multi-ESP systems was not cost-effective. A full-scale electrostatic spray scrubber (ESS) was installed at a commercial poultry house just before an exhaust fan to mitigate particulate matter (PM) emission. Overall, the ESS achieved a mean PM2.5, PM10, and TSP (total suspended particles) removal efficiencies of 90.5% ±10.0%, 91.9% ±8.2%, and 92.9% ±6.9%, respectively. The full-scale ESS costed $3100 and used 201.96 m3 of water and 950.4 kWh of electricity annually. The estimated total annual operating cost, including water, electricity, and maintenance, was $319 per ESS unit. The full-scale ESS has been found to effectively mitigate PM emissions at a commercial poultry facility in a cost-effective manner compared to previously tested ESPs. A preliminary test of the ESP and ESS device's capability in deactivating general bacteria and selected pathogens were tested. The field test results showed that an average removal efficiency of airborne pathogens in summer conditions was 59.7% for the ESP. The mean removal efficiencies of an ESS were 38.8±9.5%, 39.7±25.7%, and 64.8±30.0% for the total airborne bacteria, Campylobacter spp., and E. coli., respectively. These devices need to be further optimized for deactivation of pathogens to protect public and environmental health.

Publications

  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: Zhao, L.Y. and R. Knight. 2018. Electrostatic Precipitation Air Cleaning of Dust Emissions from Poultry Production for Improved Air Quality and Health. Presented at China Symposium on Livestock and Poultry Environment and Precision Animal Husbandry, Harbin, Sep. 3-5, 2018.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: Zhao, L.Y., 2018. Modeling and mitigation of dust and ammonia emissions from poultry facilities. Presentation at the 2018 Workshop for International Research Center for Animal Environment and Welfare. Wageningen, Netherland, July 8, 2018.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: Knight, R. and Zhao, L.Y., 2018. Electrostatic precipitation air cleaning of dust emissions from animal production facilities - a review. Presentation at DUST 2018-the 3rd International Conference on Atmospheric Dust, Bari, Italy. May 29 to 31, 2018.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: R. M. Knight, X. Tong, Z. Liu, S. Hong, and L. Zhao. 2019. Spatial and Seasonal Variations of PM Concentration and Size Distribution in Manure-Belt Poultry Layer Houses. Transactions of the ASABE, 62(2), 415-427. doi: 10.13031/ trans.12950
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: R. Knight, X. Li, J. Hocter, M. Herkins, S. Milliken, and L. Zhao. 2019. Laboratory Evaluation and Optimization of an Electrostatic Spray Scrubber for PM Mitigation in Poultry Facilities. 2019 ASABE Annual International Meeting, July 7-10, 2019. Boston, Massachusetts.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: R. Knight, J. Hocter, S. Milliken, M. Herkins, and L. Zhao. 2019. Laboratory Evaluation and Optimization of an Electrostatic Precipitator for PM Mitigation in Poultry Facilities. 2019 ASABE Annual International Meeting, July 7-10, 2019. Boston, Massachusetts.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: X. Li, R. Knight, J. Hocter, and L. Zhao. 2019. Effects of Electrodes with Different Materials and Dimensions on Water Droplet Charging for Dust Removal. 2019 ASABE Annual International Meeting, July 7-10, 2019. Boston, Massachusetts.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Knight, R., Zhao, L.Y..2019. Modeling a wire-plate electrostatic precipitator for poultry PM collection using COMSOLL. Wang, J.Q. Ni, C. Wang (Eds.). 2019 Int. Symp. on Animal Environ. & Welfare (pp 159-166). Chongqing, China, October 21-24th, 2019.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Li, X., Knight, R., Zhao, L.Y., Hocter, J. .2019. Effects of electrode materials and dimensions on water droplet charging for dust removal. L. Wang, J.Q. Ni, C. Wang (Eds.). 2019 Int. Symp. on Animal Environ. & Welfare (pp 151-158). Chongqing, China, October 21-24th, 2019.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: R.M. Knight, J.S. Hocter, S.R. Milliken, M.J. Herkins, and L. Zhao. 2020. Field Evaluation of an Electrostatic Precipitator for PM Mitigation in Poultry Facilities. 2020 ASABE Annual International Meeting, July 12-15, 2020.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Submitted Year Published: 2021 Citation: R.M. Knight, J.S. Hocter, S.R. Milliken, M.J. Herkins, L. Zhao, & H. Zhu. 2021. Development and Laboratory Optimisation of Full-Scale Prototype Electrostatic Precipitators for PM Mitigation in Poultry Facilities. Biosystems Engineering. (Submitted to Biosystems Engineering).
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Other Year Published: 2021 Citation: R.M. Knight, X. Li, J.S. Hocter, M.J. Herkins, S.R. Milliken, L. Zhao, & H. Zhu. 2021. Laboratory Evaluation and Optimisation of a Full-Scale Electrostatic Spray Scrubber for PM Mitigation in Poultry Facilities. Biosystems Engineering. (Submission pending).
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2021 Citation: Knight, R. M. L.Y. Zhao, and H. Zhu. 2021. Modelling and optimisation of a wire-plate ESP for mitigation of poultry PM emission using COMSOL. Biosystems Engineering, 211, 35-49. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biosystemseng.2021.08.026
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Submitted Year Published: 2022 Citation: R.M. Knight, J.S. Hocter, M.J. Herkins, S.R. Milliken, & L. Zhao. 2022. Field Evaluation of Full-Scale Electrostatic Precipitators for PM Mitigation in a Manure-Belt Layer Facility. Biosystems Engineering. (Submission pending).
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Other Year Published: 2022 Citation: R.M. Knight, X. Li, M.J. Herkins, S.R. Milliken, J.S. Hocter, L. Zhao, & H. Zhu. 2021. Field Evaluation of a Full-Scale Electrostatic Spray Scrubber for PM Mitigation in a Manure-Belt Layer Facility. Biosystems Engineering. (Submission pending).
  • Type: Theses/Dissertations Status: Published Year Published: 2022 Citation: 18. Herkins, M. 2022. Effects of Electrostatic Precipitation Dust Control Technologies and Ultraviolet Radiation on the Inactivation of Pathogenic Bacteria in Commercial Poultry Layer Houses. M.S. Thesis. The Ohio State University.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Accepted Year Published: 2022 Citation: Li, X., R.M. Knight, J. S. Hocter, B. Zhang, L.Y. Zhao, and H. Zhu. 2022. Effects of Electrode Materials and Dimensions of an Electrostatic Spray Scrubber on Water Droplet Charging for Dust Removal. AWMA J.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2022 Citation: Knight, R.M., X. Li, J. S. Hocter, B. Zhang, L.Y. Zhao*, and H. Zhu, 2022. Optimization of induction charging of water droplets by an electrostatic spray scrubber intended to poultry particulate matter mitigation. Journal of the ASABE. 65(4): 815-824. (doi: 10.13031/ja.14913)
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2022 Citation: Zhao, L.Y., R. M. Knight, and M. Herkins. 2022. A Review of Electrostatic Precipitation Air Cleaning Technologies for Dust and Pathogen Control at Poultry Production Facilities. Presentation at the 2022 Waste to Worth Conference. April 18-22, 2022. Maumee Bay Lodge, Oregon, OH.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2017 Citation: R. Knight and L. Zhao. 2017. Comparison of PM Instruments for Measurement of PM Concentrations at Manure-Belt Layer Houses. ASABE Paper No. 1700478. 2017 ASABE Annual International Meeting, July 16-19, 2017. Spokane, Washington.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2017 Citation: R. Knight, X. Tong, Z. Liu, S. Hong, and L. Zhao. 2017. Spatial and Seasonal Variations of PM Concentration and Size Distribution in Manure-Belt Poultry Layer Houses. ASABE Paper No. 1701671. 2017 ASABE Annual International Meeting, July 16-19, 2017. Spokane, Washington.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2017 Citation: R. Knight, X. Tong, Z. Liu, S. Hong, and L. Zhao. 2017. Spatial and Seasonal Variations of PM Concentration and Size Distribution in Manure-Belt Poultry Layer Houses. International Symposium on Animal Environment & Welfare, October 23-26, 2017. Chongqing, China.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2017 Citation: R. Knight and L. Zhao. 2017. Electrostatic Precipitation Air Cleaning of Particulate Matter (PM) Emissions at Animal Production Facilities. Workshop on Sino-US Collaboration in Agricultural Environment and Energy, June 7-10, 2017. Beijing, China.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: Knight and L. Zhao. 2018. Modeling and Optimization of an Electrostatic Precipitator for Poultry PM Collection. 2018 ASABE Annual International Meeting, July 29  August 1, 2018. Detroit, Michigan.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: B. Zhang, R. Knight, and L. Zhao. 2018. Comparison of Electrostatic Spray Charging Methods for Mitigation of PM Emissions from Poultry Facilities. 2018 ASABE Annual International Meeting, July 29  August 1, 2018. Detroit, Michigan.


Progress 01/01/21 to 12/31/21

Outputs
Target Audience:• Animal producers, • Professionals working with the animal industries, • Researchers, and • Graduate students. Changes/Problems: Nothing Reported What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided? Project team members gave presentations at the at the 2021 International Symposium on Animal Environment and Welfare, Chongqing, China, October 21-23, 2021. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?The project results have been disseminated through Zoom meetings among the team members. In addition, we have disseminated the scholarly results of the project through peer reviewed journal paper publications and professional conference papers and/or presentations. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?The project team plan to continue to conduct field tests of performance of the large full-scale ESP and ESS devices on deactivation of pathogenic bacteria at a commercial layer farm in winter conditions.

Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals? In 2021, we were continued working on field test of the developed ESP and ESS technologies. Field evaluations of the PM removal efficiencies of the optimized ESP and ESS in winter months for exhaust fans were conducted at the collaborating commercial poultry production facility. In addition, the ESP and ESS performance in deactivation of general and pathogenic bacteria were evaluated in fall of 2021. The specific accomplishments from 1 Jan. 2021 to 31 Dec. 2021 are summarized per the Objectives as the following: @font-face { panose-1:2 4 5 3 5 4 6 3 2 4; mso-font-charset:0; mso-generic- mso-font-pitch:variable; mso-font-signature:-536870145 1107305727 0 0 415 0;}p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal {mso-style-unhide:no; mso-style-qformat:yes; mso-style-parent:""; margin:0in; mso-pagination:none; text-autospace:none; ; mso-fareast- mso-fareast-language:EN-US;}h1 {mso-style-priority:9; mso-style-unhide:no; mso-style-qformat:yes; mso-style-link:"Heading 1 Char"; margin-top:4.65pt; margin-right:0in; margin-bottom:0in; margin-left:7.0pt; mso-pagination:none; mso-outline-level:1; text-autospace:none; ; mso-fareast- mso-font-kerning:0pt; mso-fareast-language:EN-US;}span.Heading1Char {mso-style-name:"Heading 1 Char"; mso-style-priority:9; mso-style-unhide:no; mso-style-locked:yes; mso-style-link:"Heading 1"; mso-ansi-; mso-bidi-; mso-ascii- mso-fareast- mso-hansi- mso-bidi- font-weight:bold;}.MsoChpDefault {mso-style-type:export-only; mso-default-props:yes; ; mso-ansi-; mso-bidi-; mso-ascii- mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-fareast- mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-hansi- mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-bidi- mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi; mso-fareast-language:EN-US;}.MsoPapDefault {mso-style-type:export-only; mso-pagination:none; text-autospace:none;}div.WordSection1 {page:WordSection1;} Objective 3: The larger optimized ESP and ESS prototype was evaluated in winter weather conditions for their PM collection efficiencies per Task 3.2. In addition, the devices' performance in deactivation of pathogenic bacteria were evaluated in fall of 2021 Costs associated with the ESP and ESS module prototypes in winter seasons were recorded to allow for a compete techno-economic analyses. Comprehensive economic feasibility analyses for applications of the ESP and ESS technologies at poultry facilities were conducted.

Publications

  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2021 Citation: Knight, R., M. Herkins, M. and L.Y. Zhao. 2021. A Review of Electrostatic Precipitation Air Cleaning Technologies for Control of Dust Emissions and Pathogenic Bacteria at Animal Production Facilities. Presented at 2021 International Symposium on Animal Environment and Welfare, Chongqing, China, October 21-23, 2021.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2021 Citation: Knight, R., X. Tong, L. Zhao, R. B. Manuzon, M. J. Darr, A. J. Heber, J. Q. Ni. 2021. Particulate matter concentrations and emission rates at two retrofitted manure-belt layer houses. Transactions of the ASABE. 64(3): 829-841. (doi: 10.13031/trans.14337)
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2021 Citation: Knight, R. M. L.Y. Zhao, and H. Zhu. 2021. Modelling and optimisation of a wire-plate ESP for mitigation of poultry PM emission using COMSOL. Biosystems Engineering, 211, 35-49. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biosystemseng.2021.08.026


Progress 01/01/20 to 12/31/20

Outputs
Target Audience:• Animal producers, • Professionals working with the animal industries, • Researchers, and • Graduate students. Changes/Problems:The field tests of the ESP and ESS units were delayed due to the Covid-19 pandemic, weather conditions (warm weather conditions in Nov. and Dec. of 2020 and extreme winter storm in January and early February of 2021), and student illness (from late Dec. 2020 to January of 2021). We were not able to conduct the field evaluations of the ESP and ESS prototypes with typical winter weather conditions. We hope to finish the winter tests as soon as we can prior to March 2021. Furthermore, due to the fact that most other university labs were not be able to operate normally in spring and summer of 2020, our plan to preliminarily test effect the developed dust control devices on bacteria and pathogen concentrations were postponed. We hope to perform some of these tests in 2021 when we can send air samples to other collaborating labs. What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided? Project team members gave presentations at the 2020 ASABE Annual International Meeting online. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?The project results have been disseminated through Zoom meetings among the team members. In addition, we have disseminated the scholarly results of the project through professional conference papers and/or presentations. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?The field tests of the ESP and ESS unites were delayed due to challenges in setting up field, pandemic, and weather conditions. The team will continue to finish the field test of large ESP and ESS in 2021. Specifically, we will Conduct field tests of the large full-scale ESP and ESS devices in a commercial layer farm in winter conditions. Perform techno-economic analyses for both the optimized ESP and optimized ESS devices based on the complete field test data. Conduct primary tests on effects of the ESP and ESS devices on bacteria and pathogen concentrations of exhaust airflow.

Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals? In 2020, we were focused on field test of the developed ESP and ESS technologies. The final optimized larger ESP for exhaust fans was installed at the exhaust of the collaborating commercial poultry production facility and field evaluations were completed under hot, warm, and mild weather conditions. The final optimized ESS prototype was installed in the poultry production facility and field evaluations were conducted under hot, warm, and mild conditions. Winter field tests have not been finished yet. The specific accomplishments from 1 Jan. 2020 to 31 Dec. 2020 are summarized per the Objectives as the following: Objective 3: The larger optimized ESP prototype was installed at the exhaust of the poultry production facility and evaluated in hot, warm, and mild weather conditions per Task 3.2. The optimized ESS prototype was installed in the poultry production facility and evaluated in hot, warm, and mild weather conditions. Costs associated with the ESP and ESS module prototypes in hot and mild seasons were recorded to allow for techno-economic analyses per Task 3.3.

Publications

  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: R.M. Knight, J.S. Hocter, S.R. Milliken, M.J. Herkins, and L. Zhao. 2020. Field Evaluation of an Electrostatic Precipitator for PM Mitigation in Poultry Facilities. 2020 ASABE Annual International Meeting, July 12-15, 2020.


Progress 01/01/19 to 12/31/19

Outputs
Target Audience: Animal producers, Professionals working with the animal industries, Researchers, and Graduate students. Changes/Problems:The project was originally scheduled to begin in January 2016, but actively began in June 2016 after a graduate research associate was recruited. In addition, we originally planned to use a wind-tunnel test chamber to be built by the USDA ARS Application Technology Research Group. Due to USDA hiring budge freeze and government shutdown, the making process of the wind tunnel chamber was significantly delayed. A simplified wind-tunnel test chamber has to be designed and built at the PI's lab for the laboratory tests. Due to these delays, the project schedule and timeline have been adjusted accordingly and one-year extension has been approved. The field tests of the ESP and ESS unites were delayed due to challenges in setting up field test and equipment failures. The Covid-19 pandemic further delayed the field tests. We are making efforts to resume the field test as soon as we can and hope to finish the tests in 2020. What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided? Members of the project team have given presentations at the 2019 ASABE Annual International Meeting in Boston, Project members will give presentations at the 2020 ASABE Annual International Meeting online. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?The project results have been disseminated through in-person meetings among the team members. In addition, the following professional conference papers and/or presentations had been developed to disseminate the scholarly results of the project. 1. R. M. Knight, X. Tong, Z. Liu, S. Hong, and L. Zhao. 2019. Spatial and Seasonal Variations of PM Concentration and Size Distribution in Manure-Belt Poultry Layer Houses. Transactions of the ASABE, 62(2), 415-427. doi: 10.13031/ trans.12950 2. R. Knight, X. Li, J. Hocter, M. Herkins, S. Milliken, and L. Zhao. 2019. Laboratory Evaluation and Optimization of an Electrostatic Spray Scrubber for PM Mitigation in Poultry Facilities. 2019 ASABE Annual International Meeting, July 7-10, 2019. Boston, Massachusetts. 3. R. Knight, J. Hocter, S. Milliken, M. Herkins, and L. Zhao. 2019. Laboratory Evaluation and Optimization of an Electrostatic Precipitator for PM Mitigation in Poultry Facilities. 2019 ASABE Annual International Meeting, July 7-10, 2019. Boston, Massachusetts. 4. X. Li, R. Knight, J. Hocter, and L. Zhao. 2019. Effects of Electrodes with Different Materials and Dimensions on Water Droplet Charging for Dust Removal. 2019 ASABE Annual International Meeting, July 7-10, 2019. Boston, Massachusetts. 5. Knight, R., Zhao, L.Y..2019. Modeling a wire-plate electrostatic precipitator for poultry PM collection using COMSOLL. Wang, J.Q. Ni, C. Wang (Eds.). 2019 Int. Symp. on Animal Environ. & Welfare (pp 159-166). Chongqing, China, October 21-24th, 2019. 6. Li, X., Knight, R., Zhao, L.Y., Hocter, J. .2019. Effects of electrode materials and dimensions on water droplet charging for dust removal. L. Wang, J.Q. Ni, C. Wang (Eds.). 2019 Int. Symp. on Animal Environ. & Welfare (pp 151-158). Chongqing, China, October 21-24th, 2019. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?The field tests of the ESP and ESS unites were delayed due to challenges in setting up field test and equipment failures. The team will continue to finish the field test of large ESP and ESS in 2020. Specifically, we will • Conduct field tests of the large full-scale ESP and ESS devices in different seasons (Task 3.2 of Objective 3). • Perform techno-economic analyses for both the optimized ESP and optimized ESS devices based on the long-term field test data (Task 3.3 of Objective 3).

Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals? Overall, the team focused on completing laboratory performance tests and field evaluations of the optimized ESP and ESS prototypes. The laboratory performance tests were completed and the optimal operating parameters for each of the three prototype devices were determined. The smaller final optimized ESP prototype was installed in the poultry production facility and field evaluations were completed under hot, mild, and cold weather conditions. The specific accomplishments from 1 Jan. 2019 to 31 Dec. 2019 are summarized per the Objectives as the following: Objective 1: Completed prior to January 2019. Objective 2: Tasks 2.1 and 2.2 were completed prior to January 2019. Laboratory performance tests using a wind tunnel were completed for the two ESP prototypes and the ESS prototype and the final optimal operating parameters for each prototype device were determined per Task 2.3. Objective 3: The two optimized ESP prototypes and the optimized ESS prototype were found to be appropriately scaled for field evaluation in the poultry production facility per Task 3.1. The smaller optimized ESP prototype was installed in the poultry production facility and evaluated in hot, mild, and cold weather conditions per Task 3.2. Costs associated with the ESP and ESS module prototypes were recorded to allow for economic analyses.

Publications

  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: R. M. Knight, X. Tong, Z. Liu, S. Hong, and L. Zhao. 2019. Spatial and Seasonal Variations of PM Concentration and Size Distribution in Manure-Belt Poultry Layer Houses. Transactions of the ASABE, 62(2), 415-427. doi: 10.13031/ trans.12950
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: R. Knight, X. Li, J. Hocter, M. Herkins, S. Milliken, and L. Zhao. 2019. Laboratory Evaluation and Optimization of an Electrostatic Spray Scrubber for PM Mitigation in Poultry Facilities. 2019 ASABE Annual International Meeting, July 7-10, 2019. Boston, Massachusetts.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: R. Knight, J. Hocter, S. Milliken, M. Herkins, and L. Zhao. 2019. Laboratory Evaluation and Optimization of an Electrostatic Precipitator for PM Mitigation in Poultry Facilities. 2019 ASABE Annual International Meeting, July 7-10, 2019. Boston, Massachusetts.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: X. Li, R. Knight, J. Hocter, and L. Zhao. 2019. Effects of Electrodes with Different Materials and Dimensions on Water Droplet Charging for Dust Removal. 2019 ASABE Annual International Meeting, July 7-10, 2019. Boston, Massachusetts.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Knight, R., Zhao, L.Y..2019. Modeling a wire-plate electrostatic precipitator for poultry PM collection using COMSOLL. Wang, J.Q. Ni, C. Wang (Eds.). 2019 Int. Symp. on Animal Environ. & Welfare (pp 159-166). Chongqing, China, October 21-24th, 2019.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Li, X., Knight, R., Zhao, L.Y., Hocter, J. .2019. Effects of electrode materials and dimensions on water droplet charging for dust removal. L. Wang, J.Q. Ni, C. Wang (Eds.). 2019 Int. Symp. on Animal Environ. & Welfare (pp 151-158). Chongqing, China, October 21-24th, 2019.


Progress 01/01/18 to 12/31/18

Outputs
Target Audience:Animal producers, Professionals working with the animal industries, Researchers, and Graduate students. Changes/Problems:The project was originally scheduled to begin in January 2016, but actively began in June 2016 after a graduate research associate was recruited. In addition, we originally planned to use a wind-tunnel test chamber to be built by the USDA ARS Application Technology Research Group. Due to USDA hiring budge freeze and government shutdown, the making process of the wind tunnel chamber was significantly delayed. A simplified wind-tunnel test chamber has to be designed and built at the PI's lab for the laboratory tests. Due to these delays, the project schedule and timeline have been adjusted accordingly and one year extension has been approved. What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided? Project members received trainings from the Ohio Supercomputing Center on use of COMSOL software for simulation of ESP processes. Project members presented at the 1st Annual Workshop on Sino-US Collaboration in Agricultural Environment and Energy in Beijing, China. Project members have given presentations at the 2018 ASABE Annual International Meeting in Detroit, MI. Project members will give presentations at the 2019 ASABE Annual International Meeting in Boston, MA. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?The project results have been disseminated through in-person meetings among the team members. In addition, the following professional conference papers and/or presentations had been developed to disseminate the scholarly results of the project. R. Knight, X. Tong, Z. Liu, S. Hong, and L. Zhao. 2019. Spatial and Seasonal Variations of PM Concentration and Size Distribution in Manure-Belt Poultry Layer Houses. Transactions of the ASABE. In press. doi: 10.13031/trans.12950 R. Knight and L. Zhao. 2018. Modeling and Optimization of an Electrostatic Precipitator for Poultry PM Collection. 2018 ASABE Annual International Meeting, July 29 - August 1, 2018. Detroit, Michigan. B. Zhang, R. Knight, and L. Zhao. 2018. Comparison of Electrostatic Spray Charging Methods for Mitigation of PM Emissions from Poultry Facilities. 2018 ASABE Annual International Meeting, July 29 - August 1, 2018. Detroit, Michigan. Zhao, L.Y. and R. Knight. 2018. Electrostatic Precipitation Air Cleaning of Dust Emissions from Poultry Production for Improved Air Quality and Health. Presented at China Symposium on Livestock and Poultry Environment and Precision Animal Husbandry, Harbin, Sep. 3-5, 2018. Zhao, L.Y., 2018. Modeling and mitigation of dust and ammonia emissions from poultry facilities. Presentation at the 2018 Workshop for International Research Center for Animal Environment and Welfare. Wageningen, Netherland, July 8, 2018. Knight, R. and Zhao, L.Y., 2018. Electrostatic precipitation air cleaning of dust emissions from animal production facilities - a review. Presentation at DUST 2018-the 3rd International Conference on Atmospheric Dust, Bari, Italy, MI. May 29 to 31, 2018. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?The project was originally scheduled to begin in January 2016, but actively began in June 2016 after a graduate research associate was recruited. Due to this initial delay, the project schedule and timeline are adjusted accordingly due to the granted one year extension. Specifically, the team will conduct the following tasks in 2019. Construct a wind-tunnel test chamber (Task 2.3). Complete laboratory tests of the preliminarily optimized ESP and ESS module prototypes for performance verification and further optimization (Task 2.3). Design and develop full-scale optimized ESP and ESS devices (Task 3.1 of Objective 3). Conduct field tests of full-scale optimized ESP and ESS devices in different seasons (Task 3.2 of Objective 3). Perform techno-economic analyses for both the optimized ESP and optimized ESS devices based on the long-term field test data (Task 3.3 of Objective 3).

Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals? Overall, the team focused on modeling and optimizing ESP and ESS modules, developing prototypes of ESPs and ESSs, and design of wind-tunnel test chambers for laboratory test of the ESP and ESS prototypes for further optimization and scale-up designs.The specific accomplishments from 1 Jan. 2018 to 31 Dec. 2018 are summarized per the Objectives as the following: Objective 2: o A COMSOL model was developed for simulation and optimization of ESP performance (Task 2.1). o A CFD model for simulation of droplet charging and interaction with dust laden airflow (Task 2.1). o The preliminarily optimized designs of ESP models were used and a local manufacturer was contacted to make two ESP module prototypes (Task 2.1). o Laboratory tests were performed to assess the spray droplet charging capabilities of various ESS designs with different spray nozzles, flow rates, charging voltages, charging electrode ring configurations, and other relevant characteristics in order to determine the preliminarily optimized ESS module prototype design (Task 2.2). o One ESS module prototype has been developed (Task 2.2). o A wind tunnel/test chamber was designed for laboratory test of the preliminarily optimized ESP and ESS module prototypes (Task 2.3). o An experimental plan has been developed for the laboratory tests and further optimization of the preliminarily optimized ESP and ESS module prototypes (Task 2.3). Objective 3: Costs associated with the ESP and ESS module prototypes were recorded for future economic analyses (Task 3.2).

Publications

  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: " R. Knight, X. Tong, Z. Liu, S. Hong, and L. Zhao. 2019. Spatial and Seasonal Variations of PM Concentration and Size Distribution in Manure-Belt Poultry Layer Houses. Transactions of the ASABE. 62(2):415-427. doi: 10.13031/trans.12950
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: R. Knight and L. Zhao. 2018. Modeling and Optimization of an Electrostatic Precipitator for Poultry PM Collection. 2018 ASABE Annual International Meeting, July 29 - August 1, 2018. Detroit, Michigan.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: B. Zhang, R. Knight, and L. Zhao. 2018. Comparison of Electrostatic Spray Charging Methods for Mitigation of PM Emissions from Poultry Facilities. 2018 ASABE Annual International Meeting, July 29 - August 1, 2018. Detroit, Michigan
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: Zhao, L.Y. and R. Knight. 2018. Electrostatic Precipitation Air Cleaning of Dust Emissions from Poultry Production for Improved Air Quality and Health. Presented at China Symposium on Livestock and Poultry Environment and Precision Animal Husbandry, Harbin, Sep. 3-5, 2018.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: Zhao, L.Y., 2018. Modeling and mitigation of dust and ammonia emissions from poultry facilities. Presentation at the 2018 Workshop for International Research Center for Animal Environment and Welfare. Wageningen, Netherland, July 8, 2018.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: Knight, R. and Zhao, L.Y., 2018. Electrostatic precipitation air cleaning of dust emissions from animal production facilities - a review. Presentation at DUST 2018-the 3rd International Conference on Atmospheric Dust, Bari, Italy, MI. May 29 to 31, 2018.


Progress 01/01/17 to 12/31/17

Outputs
Target Audience: Animal producers, Professionals working with the animal industries, Researchers, and Graduate students. Changes/Problems:The project was originally scheduled to begin in January 2016, but actively began in June 2016 after a graduate research associate was recruited. In addition, we originally planned to use a wind-tunnel test chamber to be built by the USDA ARS Application Technology Research Group. Due to USDA hiring budge freeze and government shutdown, the making process of the wind tunnel chamber was significantly delayed. A simplified wind-tunnel test chamber has to be designed and built at the PI's lab for the laboratory tests. Due to these delays, the project schedule and timeline have been adjusted accordingly and one year extension has been requested. What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided? Project members received trainings from the Ohio Supercomputing Center on use of COMSOL software for simulation of ESP processes. Project members presented at the 1st Annual Workshop on Sino-US Collaboration in Agricultural Environment and Energy in Beijing, China. Project members have given presentations at the 2018 ASABE Annual International Meeting in Detroit, MI. Project members will give presentations at the 2019 ASABE Annual International Meeting in Boston, MA. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?The project results have been disseminated through in-person meetings among the team members. In addition, the following professional conference papers and/or presentations had been developed to disseminate the scholarly results of the project. R. Knight, X. Tong, Z. Liu, S. Hong, and L. Zhao. 2019. Spatial and Seasonal Variations of PM Concentration and Size Distribution in Manure-Belt Poultry Layer Houses. Transactions of the ASABE. In press. doi: 10.13031/trans.12950 R. Knight and L. Zhao. 2018. Modeling and Optimization of an Electrostatic Precipitator for Poultry PM Collection. 2018 ASABE Annual International Meeting, July 29 - August 1, 2018. Detroit, Michigan. B. Zhang, R. Knight, and L. Zhao. 2018. Comparison of Electrostatic Spray Charging Methods for Mitigation of PM Emissions from Poultry Facilities. 2018 ASABE Annual International Meeting, July 29 - August 1, 2018. Detroit, Michigan. Zhao, L.Y. and R. Knight. 2018. Electrostatic Precipitation Air Cleaning of Dust Emissions from Poultry Production for Improved Air Quality and Health. Presented at China Symposium on Livestock and Poultry Environment and Precision Animal Husbandry, Harbin, Sep. 3-5, 2018. Zhao, L.Y., 2018. Modeling and mitigation of dust and ammonia emissions from poultry facilities. Presentation at the 2018 Workshop for International Research Center for Animal Environment and Welfare. Wageningen, Netherland, July 8, 2018. Knight, R. and Zhao, L.Y., 2018. Electrostatic precipitation air cleaning of dust emissions from animal production facilities - a review. Presentation at DUST 2018-the 3rd International Conference on Atmospheric Dust, Bari, Italy, MI. May 29 to 31, 2018. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?The project was originally scheduled to begin in January 2016, but actively began in June 2016 after a graduate research associate was recruited. Due to this initial delay, the project schedule and timeline are adjusted accordingly due to the granted one year extension. Specifically, the team will conduct the following tasks in 2019. Construct a wind-tunnel test chamber (Task 2.3). Complete laboratory tests of the preliminarily optimized ESP and ESS module prototypes for performance verification and further optimization (Task 2.3). Design and develop full-scale optimized ESP and ESS devices (Task 3.1 of Objective 3). Conduct field tests of full-scale optimized ESP and ESS devices in different seasons (Task 3.2 of Objective 3). Perform techno-economic analyses for both the optimized ESP and optimized ESS devices based on the long-term field test data (Task 3.3 of Objective 3).

Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals? Overall, the team focused on modeling and optimizing ESP and ESS modules, developing prototypes of ESPs and ESSs, and design of wind-tunnel test chambers for laboratory test of the ESP and ESS prototypes for further optimization and scale-up designs.The specific accomplishments from 1 Jan. 2018 to 31 Dec. 2018 are summarized per the Objectives as the following: Objective 2: o A COMSOL model was developed for simulation and optimization of ESP performance (Task 2.1). o A CFD model for simulation of droplet charging and interaction with dust laden airflow (Task 2.1). o The preliminarily optimized designs of ESP models were used and a local manufacturer was contacted to make two ESP module prototypes (Task 2.1). o Laboratory tests were performed to assess the spray droplet charging capabilities of various ESS designs with different spray nozzles, flow rates, charging voltages, charging electrode ring configurations, and other relevant characteristics in order to determine the preliminarily optimized ESS module prototype design (Task 2.2). o One ESS module prototype has been developed (Task 2.2). o A wind tunnel/test chamber was designed for laboratory test of the preliminarily optimized ESP and ESS module prototypes (Task 2.3). o An experimental plan has been developed for the laboratory tests and further optimization of the preliminarily optimized ESP and ESS module prototypes (Task 2.3) Objective 3: Costs associated with the ESP and ESS module prototypes were recorded for future economic analyses (Task 3.2).

Publications

  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Awaiting Publication Year Published: 2019 Citation: R. Knight, X. Tong, Z. Liu, S. Hong, and L. Zhao. 2019. Spatial and Seasonal Variations of PM Concentration and Size Distribution in Manure-Belt Poultry Layer Houses. Transactions of the ASABE. In press. doi: 10.13031/trans.12950
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: R. Knight and L. Zhao. 2018. Modeling and Optimization of an Electrostatic Precipitator for Poultry PM Collection. 2018 ASABE Annual International Meeting, July 29 - August 1, 2018. Detroit, Michigan.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: B. Zhang, R. Knight, and L. Zhao. 2018. Comparison of Electrostatic Spray Charging Methods for Mitigation of PM Emissions from Poultry Facilities. 2018 ASABE Annual International Meeting, July 29 - August 1, 2018. Detroit, Michigan.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: Zhao, L.Y. and R. Knight. 2018. Electrostatic Precipitation Air Cleaning of Dust Emissions from Poultry Production for Improved Air Quality and Health. Presented at China Symposium on Livestock and Poultry Environment and Precision Animal Husbandry, Harbin, Sep. 3-5, 2018.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: Zhao, L.Y., 2018. Modeling and mitigation of dust and ammonia emissions from poultry facilities. Presentation at the 2018 Workshop for International Research Center for Animal Environment and Welfare. Wageningen, Netherland, July 8, 2018.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: Knight, R. and Zhao, L.Y., 2018. Electrostatic precipitation air cleaning of dust emissions from animal production facilities - a review. Presentation at DUST 2018-the 3rd International Conference on Atmospheric Dust, Bari, Italy, MI. May 29 to 31, 2018.


Progress 01/01/16 to 12/31/16

Outputs
Target Audience:Animal producers, Professionals working with the animal industries, Researchers, and Graduate students. Changes/Problems:The project was originally scheduled to begin in January of 2016, but actively began in June of 2016 after a full-time graduate research associate was recruited. Due to this initial delay, the project schedule and timeline are adjusted accordingly with an assumption of half or one year extension. What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided? Members of the project team have participated in online training sessions on the use of COMSOL software for electrostatic modeling and simulations. Members of the project team have given presentations at the 1st Annual Workshop on Sino-US Collaboration in Agricultural Environment and Energy in Beijing, China. Members of the project team have given presentations at the 2017 ASABE Annual International Meeting in Spokane, Washington. Members of the project team will give presentations at the 2018 ASABE Annual International Meeting in Detroit, Michigan. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?The project results have been disseminated through in-person meetings among the team members. In addition, the following professional conference papers and/or presentations had been developed to disseminate the scholarly results of the project. R. Knight and L. Zhao. 2017. Comparison of PM Instruments for Measurement of PM Concentrations at Manure-Belt Layer Houses. ASABE Paper No. 1700478. 2017 ASABE Annual International Meeting, July 16-19, 2017. Spokane, Washington. R. Knight, X. Tong, Z. Liu, S. Hong, and L. Zhao. 2017. Spatial and Seasonal Variations of PM Concentration and Size Distribution in Manure-Belt Poultry Layer Houses. ASABE Paper No. 1701671. 2017 ASABE Annual International Meeting, July 16-19, 2017. Spokane, Washington. R. Knight, X. Tong, Z. Liu, S. Hong, and L. Zhao. 2017. Spatial and Seasonal Variations of PM Concentration and Size Distribution in Manure-Belt Poultry Layer Houses. International Symposium on Animal Environment & Welfare, October 23-26, 2017. Chongqing, China. R. Knight. 2017. Electrostatic Precipitation Air Cleaning of Particulate Matter (PM) Emissions at Animal Production Facilities. Workshop on Sino-US Collaboration in Agricultural Environment and Energy, June 7-10, 2017. Beijing, China. R. Knight and L. Zhao. 2018. Modeling and Optimization of an Electrostatic Precipitator for Poultry PM Collection. 2018 ASABE Annual International Meeting, July 29 - August 1, 2018. Detroit, Michigan. B. Zhang, R. Knight, and L. Zhao. 2018. Comparison of Electrostatic Spray Charging Methods for Mitigation of PM Emissions from Poultry Facilities. 2018 ASABE Annual International Meeting, July 29 - August 1, 2018. Detroit, Michigan. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?The project was originally scheduled to begin in January 2016, but actively began in June 2016 after a graduate research associate was recruited. Due to this initial delay, the project schedule and timeline are adjusted accordingly with an expectation of one year extension. Specifically, the team will conduct the following tasks in 2018 . Finalize the optimization of the scaled-up ESP module for Task 2.1 of Objective 2. Finalize the optimization of the scaled-up ESS module for Task 2.2 of Objective 2. Complete construction and laboratory testing of the optimized ESP and ESS modules for Task 2.3 of Objective 2. Finish design and lab tests of full-scale optimized ESP and ESS systems for Task 3.1 of Objective

Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals? Overall, the team concentrated on completing data collection and analysis for Objective 1, developed computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations and analysis of ESP and ESS for optimization of the ESP and ESS designs for Task 2.1 of Objective 2, and developed three charging methods for ESS module and two charging measuring devices for measuring dust charge and droplet charge, and optimized design of ESS for Task 2.2 of Objective 2. The specific accomplishments since June. of 2016 are summarized per the Objectives as the following: Objective 1: finished data collection and analysis to obtain PM and airflow characteristics within typical poultry houses. The project team has compiled the results from the completion of Objective 1 into a journal article to be submitted for publication in a relevant peer-reviewed scientific journal. Objective 2: performed CFD simulations of various ESP module designs to gather data for regression equation-based optimization of the ESP module design per Task 2.1. The project team has also planned laboratory experiments using ESS modules to obtain data for optimization of the ESS module design per Task 2.2. The team has begun advance preparations for laboratory tests of the optimized ESP and ESS modules. Objective 3: compiled a list of professional manufacturers to assist with the construction of the full-scale optimized ESP and ESS modules. Objective 4: weighed economic factors involved in optimized ESP and ESS module design costs in preparation for future analyses.

Publications

  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2017 Citation: Knight R. and L. Zhao. 2017. Comparison of PM Instruments for Measurement of PM Concentrations at Manure-Belt Layer Houses. ASABE Paper No. 1700478. 2017 ASABE Annual International Meeting, July 16-19, 2017. Spokane, Washington.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2017 Citation: Knight R., X. Tong, Z. Liu, S. Hong, and L. Zhao. 2017. Spatial and Seasonal Variations of PM Concentration and Size Distribution in Manure-Belt Poultry Layer Houses. ASABE Paper No. 1701671. 2017 ASABE Annual International Meeting, July 16-19, 2017. Spokane, Washington.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2017 Citation: Knight R., X. Tong, Z. Liu, S. Hong, and L. Zhao. 2017. Spatial and Seasonal Variations of PM Concentration and Size Distribution in Manure-Belt Poultry Layer Houses. International Symposium on Animal Environment & Welfare, October 23-26, 2017. Chongqing, China.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2017 Citation: Knight R. and L. Zhao. 2017. Electrostatic Precipitation Air Cleaning of Particulate Matter (PM) Emissions at Animal Production Facilities. Workshop on Sino-US Collaboration in Agricultural Environment and Energy, June 7-10, 2017. Beijing, China.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Submitted Year Published: 2018 Citation: Knight R. and L. Zhao. 2018. Modeling and Optimization of an Electrostatic Precipitator for Poultry PM Collection. 2018 ASABE Annual International Meeting, July 29 - August 1, 2018. Detroit, Michigan.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Submitted Year Published: 2018 Citation: Zhang, B., R. Knight, and L. Zhao. 2018. Comparison of Electrostatic Spray Charging Methods for Mitigation of PM Emissions from Poultry Facilities. 2018 ASABE Annual International Meeting, July 29 - August 1, 2018. Detroit, Michigan.