Progress 10/20/15 to 09/30/20
Outputs
Target Audience:Extension Professional and Staff: Rural Sociology and Public Health Professionals and Students Community Stakeholders Concerned About Childhood Obesity, Health, and Local Foods Community Development and Health Promotion Professionals at the State and Local Levels Changes/Problems:Finding appropriate county-level measures of health and social conditions for data analysis of child obesity was a problem for the data analysis of child obesity rates and local social and economic conditions. Major change was an expansion of research to include general health objectives for general population of countiesand submission of new research and grant proposals. Results used to inform research and engagment for Health Matters project: Two new proposals for new funding to expand research and including new emphases on the development of local food/ health system connections submitted to USDA NIFA and USDA Southern SARA (one grant lead to new health interventions in a set of North Carolina counties). What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?Training of graduate students on methods of data collection and analysis and professional publication: training on how multdisciplinary teams function and perform. Health Matters component engaged community health professionals in community mapping and health promotion techniques How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?Presentations at professional meetings of sociologists and rural sociologists: press releases through university for general public audiences: communication with community development and health professionals at the county level about results and about methods of communinty engagement and health promotion.. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?
Nothing Reported
Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals?
Children in rural communities have higher rates of obesity compared to their urban counterparts. Using a database on obesity among NC elementary school students, the impact of individual, school, and county-level factors including measures of the food environment, was investigated using multilevel regression models. The results of the multilevel regression models showed that a) students in rural counties were 1.25 times as likely to be obese as compared to students in urban counties, controlling for individual and school level contextual variables; students in rural counties were more likely to be obese even when county-level poverty and students' race, gender, grade, and school poverty and racial composition variables were controlled; food and built environmental variables did not account for the increased likelihood of obesity in rural counties. A related project, Health Matters, funded from the CDC, developed applied interventions to address obesity and the bulit environment and local food access in four NC counties. Results of data analysis used to inform new proposals on health, local food, and socio-ecological conditions in NC counties.
Publications
- Type:
Book Chapters
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2016
Citation:
Schulman, Michael S., An Accidental Rural Sociologist, pp.65-80 in Johannes Hans Bakker, ed., Rural Sociologists At Work. Routledtge, 2016.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Other
Year Published:
2016
Citation:
Piontak, Joy Rayanne and Michael D. Schulman. 2016. Weight and Race: The Effects of Race and Racial Segregation on Childhood Obesity. Paper presentation at the Rural Sociological Society Annual Meeting, Toronto, Ontario CN, August 2016.
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2016
Citation:
Piontak Joy Rayanne, Schulman Michael D. School Context Matters: The Impacts of Concentrated Poverty and Racial Segregation on Childhood Obesity. Journal of School Health; Dec 2016, Vol 86, No 12: 864-872
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2018
Citation:
Piontak, Joy Rayanne, Schulman, Michael D. Racial Disparities in Context: Student-, School, and County-Level Effects on the Likelihood of Obesity Among Elementary School Students. Sociology of Race and Ethnicity: online, 2017; Vol 4#2:245-260. 2018
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2018
Citation:
Bloom, J.D., Hardison-Moody, A., and M.Schulman. Bonding and Bridging: Leveraging Immigrant and Community Assets to Support Healthy Eating.Community Development 49 (2)
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Accepted
Year Published:
2020
Citation:
Hardison-Moody, A., Haynes-Maslow L., Bocarro J., Schulman, M., Bowen, S., Anderson A., Morris L., Dunn PC, Edwards M., Hipp A., Kuhlberg J., Murphy, Y. Partners at Play: Engaging Parks and Recreation in Extensiohn's Health Promotion Work. Journal of Human Sciences and Extension. Vol 8 #3: 177-1882019
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Other
Year Published:
2017
Citation:
Piontak, Joy Rayanne, Schulman, Michael D. Rural Location and Childhood Obesity: The Impacts of Food Access and Environments on Obesity Status Among North Carolina Students. Annual Meetings of the Southern Sociological Society, April, 2017
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Progress 10/01/18 to 09/30/19
Outputs
Target Audience:Rural Sociology and Public Health Faculty and Students Extension Professionals and Staff Community Stakeholders Concerned About Childhood Obesity and Health and Local Foods Changes/Problems:Results used to inform research and engagment for Health Matters project: Two new proposals for new funding to expand research and includingnew emphases on the development oflocal food/ health system connectionssubmitted to USDA NIFA and USDA Southern SARA What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?Graduate students from multiple NC State Departments worked on new proposals for research and engagement projects on childhood obesity, health, local foods, and community socio-economic conditions. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?Journal articles in appropriate professional journals. Extension and applied research result publications and news articles. Presentations at Extension and community-level conferences and meetings. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?Submited new grants to continue research and applied interventions. New collaborations with NC State and faculty from the UNC Gillings School of Public Health for research and engagement projects on health, local foods, and community conditions including a proposal submitted to USDA NIFA and a proposal submitted to USDA Southern SARA. Expand research and applied interventions on local food and health and well-being in rural NC counties.
Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals?
Children in rural communities have higher rates of obesity compared to their urban counterparts. Using a database on obesity among NC elementary school students, the impact of individual, school, and county-level factors including measures of the food environment,was investigated using multilevel regression models. The results of the multilevel regression models showed that a) students in rural counties were 1.25 times as likely to be obese as compared to students in urban counties, controlling for individual and school level contextual variables; students in rural counties were more likely to be obese even when county-level poverty and students' race, gender, grade, and school poverty and racial composition variables werecontrolled; food and built environmental variables did not account for the increased likelihood of obesity in rural counties. A related project, Health Matters, funded from the CDC, developed applied interventions to address obesity and the bulit environment and local food access in four NC counties. Results of data analysis used to inform new proposals on health, local food, and socio-ecological conditions in NC counties.
Publications
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2018
Citation:
Piontak, J.R., and M.D. Schulman. Racial Disparities in Context: Student-, School-, and County-Level Effects on the Likelihood of Obesity Among Elementary School Students. Sociology of Race and Ethnicity Vol 4#2: 245-260.
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2018
Citation:
Bloom, J.D., Hardison-Moody, A., and M.Schulman. Bonding and Bridging: Leveraging Immigrant and Community Assets to Support Healthy Eating.Community Development 49 (2)
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Under Review
Year Published:
2019
Citation:
Hardison, Moody A., Kuhlberg, J., Haynes-Maslow, L. Bowen, S., Bocarro, J., Schulman, M., Bloom, J., Edwards M. Percepts of Assets and Barrier to Health Eating and Physical Activitiy Across the Socio-Ecological Models in Four Rural NC Counties: A Qualitative Study: Submitted to the Journal of Community Health 2019
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Under Review
Year Published:
2019
Citation:
Hardison-Moody, A., Haynes-Maslow L., Bocarro J., Schulman, M., Bowen, S., Anderson A., Morris L., Dunn PC, Edwards M., Hipp A., Kuhlberg J., Murphy, Y. Partners at Play: Engaging Parks and Recreation in Extensiohn's Health Promotion Work. Submitted to the Journal of Human Sciences and Extension. 2019
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Progress 10/01/17 to 09/30/18
Outputs
Target Audience:Rural Sociology and Public Health Faculty and Students Public School and School Health Professionals Extension Professionals and Staff Teachers, Parents, and Community Stakeholders Concerned About Childhood Obesity Prevention Changes/Problems:Many of the countyh-level measures of food access and of food and built environment (e.g., measures from the USDA-ERS food secutity databases) may not be appropriate for rural counties and using these measures can result in problems of multicollinearity, especially with others measures of socioeconomic and racial disparitity at the county-level. Continue to look for measures of food access and of the food and and built environment from Census and from USDA databases. Re-analyze the NC elementary school data with new county-level measures using multi-level regression and develop revised manuscripts from the results. What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?Dr. Piontak was a post-doc at Duke University and used the data and the analysis methodology as part of her research and professional development project at Duke University (she is now a researcher at Research Triangle Institute). How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?Journal articles available to interested parties through web portals such as linked and researchgate. News stories on results of the research. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?Continue to investigate the impact of county-level variables measuring race and socioeconomic disparities on rates of childhood obesity in the NC elementary school dataset. Search for new county-level variables and address the problem of multicollinearity among these county-level indicators. Find appropriate county-level variables for measuring food insecurity and food acess and address the problem of multicollinearity among these county-level measures. Re-analyze data using multilevel regression and investigate the factors in rural counties that impact rates of child obesity.
Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals?
Children in rural communities have higher rates of obesity compared to their urban counterparts. Rural places have a unique set of economic and structural inequalities. Using a database on obesity among NC elementary school students, the impact of individual, school, and county-level factors was investigated using multilevel regression. In addition to the role of socioeconomic and racial inequality, the impact of the food environment on rates of childhood obesity was investigated with special attention directed at rural counties. The results of the multilevel regression models showed that: a) students in rural counties were 1.25 times as likely to be obese as compared to student in urban counties, controlling for individual and school context variables; 2) students in rural counties were more likely to be obese even when county-level poverty as controlled and when student's race, gender, grade, school poverty and school racial composition variables were controlled; 3) food aceess variables did not account for increased likelihood of obesity in rural counties; 4) food and build environments variables did not account for the increased likelihood of obesity in rural counties. Examing urban and rural counties together, the results show a persistent impact of rural locality on rates of childhood obesity. The increased risk of obesity among elementary school students in rural counties is not accounted for by measures of food access and measures of the food and built environment. Research results in the development of new research and engagement proposals on addressing the high rates of obesity in rural counties.
Publications
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2018
Citation:
Piontak, J.R., and M.D. Schulman. Racial Disparities in Context: Student-, School-, and County-Level Effects on the Likelihood of Obesity Among Elementary School Students. Sociology of Race and Ethnicity Vol 4#2: 245-260.
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2018
Citation:
Bloom, J.D., Hardison-Moody, A., and M.Schulman. Bonding and Bridging: Leveraging Immigrant and Community Assets to Support Healthy Eating.Community Development 49 (2)
- Type:
Other
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2018
Citation:
News and press releases on results of research on the impacts of race and socioeconomic inequality on rates of child obesity in North Carolina
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Progress 10/01/16 to 09/30/17
Outputs
Target Audience:Sociology, Rural Sociology, and Public Health professionals and faculty Public School and School Health Professionals Teachers, Parents, and Community members concerned about student health and childhood obesity prevention. Changes/Problems:The database that was built to measure county characteristics contained a limited number of variables on the county-level food envrionment. Therefore, we decided to review existing publically available databases (e.g., the USDA-ERS food environment atlas) and to select and add approriate measures of the food environment (e.g., whether or not a county has one or more food deserts; number of food insecure families). We added variables to the county-level data base to measure the characteristics of the food environment and are investigating the possible effects of multcollinearity among these new county-level variables before including them in new multilevel models with the student and school databases. What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?Presentations to sociologists and social science faculty at regional professional meetings How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?Journal articles in professional journals read by school health professionals and sociogists who work in the area of race and ethnicity and health. New releases from NC State and another from Duke University that were dessiminated to local news outlets. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?Using the data from elementary school students in NC and the databases that have been constructed from publically avaialble data on schools and counties, we will investigate rural/urban disparities in childhood obesity reates. Using multilevel logical regression, we will model the likelihood of obesity for children in different school and community environments, including rural and comparied to urban counties. We will examine the differences beween urban and rural youth by examining differences in the socioeconomic characteristics and food environments of the county, while controlling for school and student level variables
Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals?
Environments in which people live and work have well-established links to health and well-being. Research on the effects of concentrated poverty and racial segregation has often focused on either schools or neighborhoods in urban areas. This research incorporates measures of concentrated poverty and racial segregation at both the school and community level and includes both urban and rural communities. Using data from elementary public school students in North Carolina, we used multilevel logistic regression to examine the relationships among individual, school, and community level characteristics on the likelihood of obesity. Our findings indicate that children in schools and communities with low-concentrations of poverty are less likely to be obeseand children in rural areas are more likely, net the effect of individual, school, and community variables in the model. Our findings indicate that children in schools and communities with low-concentrations of poverty are less likely to be obesethan children in high poverty concentrated schools and communities according to results from the multilevel models. Multilevel logistic regression models showed that racial differences int he likelihood of obesity persisted even when racial composition and socioeconomic disadvantage at the school level were controlled. The magnitude of the effects of student-level race ont he relative odds of obesity varied according to the racial composition of the school. These student-and school-level results held even when county-level race and socioeconomic variables were controlled
Publications
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2016
Citation:
Piontak Joy Rayanne, Schulman Michael D. School Context Matters: The Impacts of Concentrated Poverty and Racial Segregation on Childhood Obesity. Journal of School Health; Journal of School Health; Dec 2016, Vol 86, No 12: 864-872
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Awaiting Publication
Year Published:
2017
Citation:
Piontak, Joy Rayanne, Schulman, Michael D. Racial Disparities in Context: Student-, School, and County-Level Effects on the Likelihood of Obesity Among Elementary School Students. Sociology of Race and Ethnicity: online, 2017; forthcoming 2018
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Accepted
Year Published:
2017
Citation:
Piontak, Joy Rayanne, Schulman, Michael D. Rural Location and Childhood Obesity: The Impacts of Food Access and Environments on Obesity Status Among North Carolina Students. Annual Meetings of the Southern Sociological Society, April, 2017
|
Progress 10/20/15 to 09/30/16
Outputs
Target Audience:Sociology and Rural Sociology professionals and faculty Public School Professionals Public Health Professionals and Individuals involved in obesity prevention efforts. Changes/Problems:Existing measures of the food envrionment in rural counties did not show statistical signficance in the multi-level models: children in rural counties had higher obesity rates even when we statistically controlled for measures of obesogenic environments. Working at finding new measures of obesogenic environments at the county level from existing databases. Will re-run multi-level models with new measures of obesogenic envirnoments in rural counties What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?
Nothing Reported
How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?Presentations at professional meetings of sociologists and rural sociologists. Preparing press release for general audience to coincide with publication in Journal of School Health. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?Continue analysis of individual-level and structural-level data on obesity in North Carolina schools and counties. Develop new measures for rural counties dealing with the food, socioeconomic, and obeseogenic environments. Continue to refine multi-level models to analyze the effects of obeseogenic environments on school-level and individual-level obesity rates.
Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals?
Environments in which people live and work have well-established links to health and well-being. Research on the effect of concentrated poverty and racial segregation has often focused on either schools or neighborhoods in urban areas. This research incorporates measures of concentrated poverty and racial segregation at both the school and community level and includes both urban and rural communities. Using data from elementary public school students in North Carolina, we used multilevel logistic regression to examine the relationships among individual, school, and community level characteristics on the likelihood of obesity. Our findings indicate that children in schools and communities with low-concentrations of poverty are less likely to be obese and children in rural areas are more likely, net the effect of individual, school, and community variables in the model. Our findings indicate that children in schools and communities with low-concentrations of poverty are less likely to be obese than children in high poverty concentrated schools and communities according to results from the multilevel models. In addition, children in rural areas are more likely to be obese, net the effects of individual, school, and community variables, than children in urban areas. Many policies designed to prevent or decrease obesity are directed at the individual level. These include advocating more exercise, eating less fast food, and reducing screen time among children. This research adds to this conversation by showing the importance of place-based approaches that not only address behaviors, but also ensure an environment that allows students and families to access the amenities necessary to maintain a healthy weight status.
Publications
- Type:
Book Chapters
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2016
Citation:
Schulman, Michael S., An Accidental Rural Sociologist, pp.65-80 in Johannes Hans Bakker, ed., Rural Sociologists At Work. Routledtge, 2016.
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Awaiting Publication
Year Published:
2016
Citation:
Piontak Joy Rayanne, Schulman Michael D. School Context Matters: The Impacts of Concentrated Poverty and Racial Segregation on Childhood Obesity. Journal of School Health; forthcoming Dec 2016
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Other
Year Published:
2016
Citation:
Piontak, Joy Rayanne and Michael D. Schulman. 2016. Weight and Race: The Effects of Race and Racial Segregation on Childhood Obesity. Paper presentation at the Rural Sociological Society Annual Meeting, Toronto, Ontario CN, August 2016.
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