Source: UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA submitted to NRP
ENHANCEMENT OF CROP NUTRIENT AND WATER USE EFFICIENCIES THROUGH CONSERVATION AGRICULTURE AND CROPPING SYSTEM DIVERSIFICATION IN THE SOUTHEAST
Sponsoring Institution
National Institute of Food and Agriculture
Project Status
COMPLETE
Funding Source
Reporting Frequency
Annual
Accession No.
1007448
Grant No.
(N/A)
Cumulative Award Amt.
(N/A)
Proposal No.
(N/A)
Multistate No.
(N/A)
Project Start Date
Aug 18, 2015
Project End Date
Aug 11, 2020
Grant Year
(N/A)
Program Code
[(N/A)]- (N/A)
Recipient Organization
UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA
G022 MCCARTY HALL
GAINESVILLE,FL 32611
Performing Department
West Florida Research and Education Center, Jay
Non Technical Summary
In order to remain economically viable in the region, growers will need some combination of the following cropping system strategies:Continue to push record yields through improved germplasm, soil moisture management, and crop protection chemistry and schedules,Lower production costs, and/orDiversify cropping systems.This program seeks to increase yields and/or reduce production costs using the principles ofconservation agriculture (minimum tillage, permanent soil cover, anddiverse species)combined with improved input management.
Animal Health Component
80%
Research Effort Categories
Basic
10%
Applied
80%
Developmental
10%
Classification

Knowledge Area (KA)Subject of Investigation (SOI)Field of Science (FOS)Percent
10201991060100%
Goals / Objectives
1. Improve nutrient and water use efficiency in row and alternative cropping systems.2. Integrate rotations, minimal tillage, and permanent soil cover into cropping systems.3. Diversify cropping systems in the Southeast.
Project Methods
Field and laboratory experiments will be used to accomplish the objectives of this program. The specific design of the experiments will depend on the particular nature of the investigation. Examples of experiments to be conducted include:Objective 1: Improve nutrient and water use efficiency in row and alternative cropping systems.Controlled release fertilizer studies will quantify nutrient release under field and laboratory conditions and be implemented under different cropping systems in order to determine if they can be used to improve NUE, crop yield, and yield components.WUE efficiencies may be improved using data-based decision support tools, such as the Smart Irrigation apps and the PeanutFARM assessment tool, so that irrigation guesswork may be replaced with data-driven technologies. Other technologies, such as controlled drainage and sub-surface irrigation, may be used to improve irrigation efficiency and save energy. Skip-row corn production in the Southeast has not been investigated, though it has had some success in other parts of the country, and may improve WUE, particularly under a rainfed system with sandy soils, such as those in the Florida panhandle.Objective 2: Integrate rotations, minimal tillage, and permanent soil cover into cropping systems.These three cultural practices together define 'conservation agriculture' (CA) and together promote agricultural sustainability. We propose to develop CA systems relevant to the Southeast that incorporate all three principles in order to promote soil health, increase soil organic matter, reduce weed populations, and increase farm income. Cover cropping systems that are economically and agronomically viable are needed in order to increase soil organic matter content on the sandy soils prevalent in the Florida panhandle.Objective 3. Diversify cropping systems in the Southeast.We will investigate the agronomic viability of alternative crops for the region, including alternative row crops, such as soybean or edamame (Glycine max (L.) Merr.), carinata (Brassica carinata A. Braun), and sesame (Sesamum L.), as well as alternative tree cropping systems such as olive (Olea europaea L.) and pomegranate (Punica granatum L.).

Progress 10/01/17 to 09/30/18

Outputs
Target Audience:Our research and extension efforts were targeted toward scientists, Extension Agents and Specialists, regulatory officials, consultants, agricultural professionals, and farmers in the Southeast. Changes/Problems: Nothing Reported What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?In 2018, I had 62 consultations, 10 Field Days, 10 Extension Agents trainings (ISTs) talks and workshops, 4 reviewed Extension publications, and 8 popular press articles, reaching a total of 54,409 people. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest? Cover crop crimping-rolling coupled with precision planting (sometimes in a single pass) has been implemented for the first time in Santa Rosa County by three influential growers during 2017-18. This is expected to increase cover crop adoption in the county. The technology was first demonstrated using our on-farm trial in coordination with Extension Agents, FDACS, and the Water Management District in the county. The grower who first used this technology in conjunction with a (poorly managed) rye cover crop in 2016-17 reported an average dryland cotton lint yield increase of 100 lbs/ac, which we attributed to improved soil moisture under a terminated cover crop. The improved soil moisture status was quantified using soil moisture sensors obtained by BMP grantsmanship. These grants are now obtained directly by agents after initial help from my program (see Section 18). These growers reported the intention to improve the management of their cover crops to further increase the benefit to dryland cotton production. One of these influential growers is using the technology to direct-plant cotton into a tillage radish cover crop without the use of chemical termination, saving at least three passes at approximately $6/ac per pass and likely improved nematode control. These growers represent 3800 acres in Santa Rosa County. 100% of County and Regional Agents, covering an estimated 434,000 acres, that attended my IST plan to use data management protocols and techniques 'most of the time' or 'almost always.' Agent-developed protocols learned in ISTs are currently in use for agent-directed trials in Santa Rosa, Escambia, and Jackson Counties. Growers who used soil moisture sensors as part of on-farm demonstrations have reported a savings of 20,655,000 gallons of irrigation water in Escambia County over three years. These growers have adopted the technology on all of their irrigated acreage. This highly conservative calculation assumes no adoption by growers who attended our workshops or read our article in Peanut Grower magazine, and is limited only to those growers I have directly worked with. Future program evaluation will assess the continued adoption of this technology. Educational activities promoting the technology include ISTs, Field Days, and On-Farm Demonstrations. Much of the successful grantsmanship by Agents in my area has been focused on adoption and demonstration of this technology (see Section 18). 87% of participants correctly identified P deficiencies in plants after training, up from 38% beforehand. For K deficiencies, the increase was from 38% before to 68% after training. Prior to training, 0% of County and Regional Agents estimated the correct amount of nitrogen credit to crops following peanut. After training, 49% estimated correctly. For growers, these numbers were 52 and 85%, respectively. ? GMOs can increase nutrient-use efficiency. After training, positive perceptions toward GMOs increased from 44% to 67%. A keynote presentation to Master Gardeners at the statewide annual meeting saw positive perceptions increase from 33 to 56%. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?Investigate Brassica carinata as a viable cropping systems option for West Florida. Continue with NUE and WUE improvement strategies. ?

Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals? Although extension publications throughout the Southeast recommend a nitrogen (N) credit after peanut ranging from 22-67 kg N/ha, there is a lack of scientific peer-reviewed literature to support those recommendations. This research portfolio, collectively published in Agronomy Journal or currently under review, suggested that potential N credits from peanut to subsequent crops depend on: 1) planting date of the subsequent crop, 2) plant residue placement, 3) plant residue load, and 4) latitude/climate. Although potential N credits to subsequent crops were lower than current extension recommendations, we have been able to document the first non-zero N credit from peanut residue in the Southeast. This has important ramifications for the regulatory environment throughout the peanut-growing Southeast, but particularly in Florida where water quality issues due to nutrient loading is a primary concern. Although extension publications throughout the Southeast recommend a nitrogen (N) credit after peanut ranging from 20-60 lbs N/ac, there is a lack of scientific peer-reviewed literature to support those recommendations. My research found that potential N credits from peanut to subsequent crops depend on: 1) planting date of the subsequent crop, 2) plant residue placement and distribution, 3) plant residue load, and 4) climate/latitude. We have documented the first non-zero N credit from peanut residue in the Southeast. This has important ramifications for the regulatory environment throughout the peanut-growing Southeast, but particularly for Florida where water quality issues due to nutrient loading is a concern. State regulators have worked with my program to evaluate the effectiveness of peanut residue to reduce N fertilization of subsequent crops. As more data become available, we will continue to refine those recommendations. FDACS has amended the statewide "How to Comply Fertilizer Manual" based on 2016 Florida Statute 576.011(33) and altered regulatory planning to reduce N fertilization in peanut rotations based on our research results (see Section 13). Florida ranks #5 within the US in the value of mineral production value and produces approximately 25% of global phosphate needs, including 75% of domestic requirements. The statewide fertilizer industry distributes over 1.9 million tons of fertilizer annually in Florida alone. Compliance regulations needed to be updated to reflect current knowledge, protect consumers, and reduce environmental impact. The updated regulations affect 400 registered fertilizer companies within the state of Florida. The soil moisture management extension programming has gained the attention of the FDACS Office of Agricultural Water Policy to initiate policy changes toward cover crop cost-sharing programs. Environmental management and BMP representatives from the office have worked with my extension program to demonstrate the technology on-farm in order to show the effects of cover crops and conservation tillage for improved soil moisture management under dryland conditions that prevail in NW Florida. FDACS is interested in developing cost-share programs for cover crops but requires on-farm demonstrations prior to implementation of a policy change. Cost-sharing of cover crop seed will positively impact the amount of acreage currently planted to cover crops during the fallow season, thereby enhancing dryland soil moisture status and environmental quality.

Publications

  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: N. Honsdorf, M. Mulvaney, R.P. Singh, K. Ammar, J. Burgueno, B. Govaerts, N. Verhulst. 2018. Performance progress and genotype by tillage interaction for 13 bread and 13 durum wheat genotypes on irrigated raised beds. Field Crops Research 216: 42-52. doi:10.1016/j.fcr.2017.11.011.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: C. Na (p), A.M. Cook, D.L. Rowland, D.L. Wright, J.M. Bennett, A.R. Smith, J.A. Ferrell, M.J. Mulvaney. 2018. Rotating peanut into established bahiagrass pastures: identifying sustainable tillage operations. Journal of Crop Improvement 32: 353-372. doi:10.1080/15427528.2018.1431349.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: K. Thomson (g), M.A. Babar, J.E. Erickson, M. Akond, M.J. Mulvaney, C. Beecher, G. MacDonald. 2018. Comparative physiological and metabolomics analysis of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) following post-anthesis heat stress. PLOS ONE 13: e0197919. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0197919.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: N. Bellaloui, H.K. Abbas, M.W. Ebelhar, A. Mengistu, M.J. Mulvaney, C. Accinelli, W.T. Shier. 2018. Effect of increased nitrogen application rates and environment on protein, oil, fatty acids, and minerals in sesame (Sesamum indicum) seed grown under Mississippi Delta conditions. Food and Nutrition Sciences 9: 1115.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: A.D. Jani (G), M.J. Mulvaney, R.G. Leon, D.L. Rowland, J.E. Erickson, C.W. Wood. 2018. Conventional harvest index methods may overestimate biomass and nutrient removal from abscising crop species. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis, 11.
  • Type: Theses/Dissertations Status: Published Year Published: 2017 Citation: Pierre, Anne Krystel. 2017. Nutrient Management as a Strategic Tool to Maximize Maturity and Seed Quality in Peanut (Arachis Hypogeae L.). University of Florida, Gainesville, FL.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Awaiting Publication Year Published: 2019 Citation: Jani, A.D. (G), Mulvaney, M.J., Enloe, H.A., Erickson, J.E., Leon, R.G., Rowland, D.L., Wood, C.W. 2019. Peanut residue distribution gradients and tillage practices determine patterns of nitrogen mineralization. Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems 113(1): 63-76 doi:10.1007/s10705-018-9962-2.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Awaiting Publication Year Published: 2019 Citation: D. Perondi, C.W. Fraisse, W. Pavan, V.A. Cerbaro, D.D. Berreto, C.G. Staub (p), M.J. Mulvaney, P. Troy, D.N.L. Pequeno. 2019. Crop season planning tool: Adjusting sowing decisions to reduce the risk of extreme weather events. Computers and Electronics in Agriculture 156: 62-70.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Awaiting Publication Year Published: 2019 Citation: H.K. Abbas, M.W. Ebelhar, N. Bellaloui, M.J. Mulvaney, G. Stoner, J. Kotowicz, M.J. Mulvaney, R.G. Leon, R. Seepaul (p), D.L. Wright, T.L. Hoffman. In press. Brassica carinata seeding rate and row spacing effects on morphology, yield, and oil. Agronomy Journal 111(2). doi:10.2134/agronj2018.05.0316.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2017 Citation: A.K. Pierre (G), M.J. Mulvaney, D.L. Rowland, T.L. Grey, B.L. Tillman, E. van Santen, C.W. Wood. 2017. Reading peanut leaves for the future quality. Poster no. 1412. ASA-CSSA-SSSA International Annual Meetings, Tampa, FL. Oct. 23, 2017.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2017 Citation: A.J. Jani (G), M.J. Mulvaney, J. Erickson, R.G. Leon, C.W. Wood, D.L. Rowland. 2017. Evaluation of peanut residue nitrogen contributions to wheat in a conservation tillage cropping system. Poster no. 1246. ASA-CSSA-SSSA International Annual Meetings, Tampa, FL. Oct. 23, 2017.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2017 Citation: A.K. Pierre (G), M.J. Mulvaney, D.L. Rowland, B.L. Tillman, T.L. Grey, C.W. Wood. 2017. Foliar fertilization as a tool to accelerate peanut seed maturation. ASA-CSSA-SSSA International Annual Meetings, Tampa, FL. Oct. 23, 2017.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2017 Citation: S.W. Dezern (g), G.E. MacDonald, E. van Santen, M.J. Mulvaney, C. Holbrook, N.L. Anglin. 2017. Phenotypic and biochemical trait evaluation of the USDA core peanut germplasm collection. Poster no. 1018. ASA-CSSA-SSSA International Annual Meetings, Tampa, FL. Oct. 24, 2017.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: A.D. Jani (G), M.J. Mulvaney, T. Brenneman, N. Dufault. 2018. Directed fungicide applications for white mold control on peanut. Southern Branch American Society of Agronomy Abstr., Jacksonville, FL, Feb. 5, 2018.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2017 Citation: A.J. Jani (G), M.J. Mulvaney, J. Erickson, R.G. Leon, C.W. Wood, D.L. Rowland. 2017. Nitrogen contributions from late-summer planted cover crops to winter wheat in a conservation tillage cropping system. ASA-CSSA-SSSA International Annual Meetings, Tampa, FL. Oct. 23, 2017.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2017 Citation: M.J. Mulvaney, H.A. Enloe. 2017. Corn yield and nitrogen use efficiency response to ESN and urea blends in the Deep South. ASA-CSSA-SSSA International Annual Meetings, Tampa, FL. Oct. 23, 2017.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: A. Moore (g), S.V. Paula-Moraes, J. Baldwin (g), L. Ledbetter-Kish, M. Mulvaney. 2018. Insects associated with Brassica carinata in the southern region of the U.S.: Occurrence and biology. 2018 Southeastern Branch Meeting of the Entomological Society of America, Orlando, FL. Mar. 4-7, 2018.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: M.M. Hossain, M. Babar, M.J. Mulvaney, A. Rahman, J. Guo, M. Akond. 2018. Identifying edamame (vegetable soybean) suitable for cultivation for the fresh food market of Florida. Southern Branch American Society of Agronomy Abstr., Jacksonville, FL, Feb. 5, 2018. (Poster)
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: M.J. Mulvaney, A.D. Jani (G), K.S. Balkcom, D. Jordan. 2018. Nitrogen credits after peanut. Southern Branch American Society of Agronomy Abstr., Jacksonville, FL, Feb. 6, 2018.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: R. Leon, J. Ferrell, M. Mulvaney. 2018. Identification of herbicides for weed control in carinata (Brassica carinata). Proc. South. Weed Sci. Soc. 71:29. Atlanta, GA, Jan. 21-24, 2018.
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: M.J. Mulvaney, R. Seepaul (p), I. Small, D. Wright, S. Paula-Moraes, C. Crozier, P. Cockson, B. Whipker, R. Leon. 2018. Frost Damage of Carinata Grown in the Southeastern US. UF/IFAS Electronic Delivery Information System (EDIS) publication SS-AGR-420. University of Florida, Gainesville, FL. http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/ag420
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: S.A. Byrd, D.L. Rowland, L. Zotarelli, M. Mulvaney. Growth Stages and Tuber Development of 'FL 1867' Potato Under Full and Reduced Irrigation Scheduling. UF/IFAS Electronic Delivery Information System (EDIS) publication SS-AGR-383. University of Florida, Gainesville, FL. http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/ag388
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: C.G. Staub (p), D. Perondi, D.N.L. Pequeno, P. Troy, M.J. Mulvaney, C. Perry, B. Hayes, W. Pavan, C.W. Fraisse. 2018. AgroClimate Crop Season Planning Tool: Reducing the Risk of Extreme Weather Events During Key Stages of Crop Development. UF/IFAS Electronic Delivery Information System (EDIS) publication AE525. University of Florida, Gainesville, FL. http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/ae525
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: D. Wright, D. Rowland, M.J. Mulvaney. 2017. Water Use and Irrigation Management of Agronomic Crops. UF/IFAS Electronic Delivery Information System (EDIS) publication SS-AGR-155. University of Florida, Gainesville, FL.
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: D. Wright, J. Marois, D. Rowland, M. Mulvaney. 2017. Field Corn Production Guide. EDIS publication SS-AGR-85. University of Florida, Gainesville, FL.


Progress 10/01/16 to 09/30/17

Outputs
Target Audience:My program provides tools and information related to soil fertility management for Extension Agents, growers, crop consultants, policymakers, and industry professionals and leaders. I also provide training to stakeholders that facilitates the collection, management, and assessment of data related to programmatic activity. Changes/Problems: Nothing Reported What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?In 2017, I had 61 consultations, 12 Field Days, 3 Extension Agents trainings (ISTs), 11 talks and workshops, 6 reviewed Extension publications, and 10 popular press articles, reaching a total of 42,559 people. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest? Outcomes: The number of participants or visits involved in my extension activities increased by approximately 150% year-on-year since 2015 (Table 1). 87% of participants correctly identified P deficiencies in plants after training, up from 38% beforehand. For K deficiencies, the increase was from 38% before to 68% after training. Prior to training, 0% of County and Regional Agents estimated the correct amount of nitrogen credit to crops following peanut. After training, 49% estimated correctly. For growers, this number was 52 and 85%, respectively. 100% of County and Regional Agents, covering an estimated 434,000 acres, that attended my IST plan to use data management protocols and techniques most of the time or almost always. Agent-developed protocols learned in ISTs are currently in use for agent-directed trials in Santa Rosa, Escambia, and Jackson Counties. In 2016, positive perceptions of Master Gardeners toward GMOs increased from 44% to 67%. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?Investigate Brassica carinata as a viable cropping systems option for West Florida. Continue with NUE and WUE improvement strategies.

Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals? Although extension publications throughout the Southeast recommend a nitrogen (N) credit after peanut between 22-67 kg N/ha, there is a lack of scientific peer-reviewed literature to support those recommendations. Our research, published in Agronomy Journal, found that potential N credits from peanut to subsequent crops depend upon the planting date of the subsequent crop and also on residue placement.In every case, we found that potential N credits to subsequent crops were lower than current extension recommendations. There has been increased interest in sesame as an alternative crop in the Southeast when drought conditions persist in western Texas and Oklahoma.However, fertility requirements and nutrient uptake patterns of sesame in the Southeast were unknown. We found that 74-103 kg N/ha accumulated in biomass and 29-49 kg N/ha was removed in grain. The research found that sesame is an excellent scavenger of residual N and suggests that less mineral N may need to be applied than is needed to meet crop demand.

Publications

  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2017 Citation: R. Leon, B. Washington, J. Ferrell, M. Mulvaney, C.W. Wood. 2017. Evolutionary adaptations of Palmer amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri) to nitrogen fertilization and crop rotation history affect morphology and nutrient use efficiency. Weed Science: 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1017/wsc.2017.73
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2017 Citation: D.A. Edralin, G.C. Sigua, M.R. Reyes, M.J. Mulvaney, S.S. Andrews. 2017. Conservation agriculture improves yield and reduces weeding activity in sandy soils of Cambodia. Agronomy for Sustainable Development 37: 52. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13593-017-0461-7
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2017 Citation: B. Sperry, J.A. Ferrell, R.G. Leon, D.L. Rowland, M.J. Mulvaney, J.L.C.S. Dias. 2017. Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) tolerance to preplant applications of 2,4-D and dicamba. Weed Technology 31(4), 590-598
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2017 Citation: R. Leon, J. Ferrell, M.J. Mulvaney. 2017. Carinata (Brassica carinata) tolerance to preemergence and postemergence herbicides. Weed Technology. 1-6.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2017 Citation: W. Bravo, R.G. Leon, J. Ferrell, M.J. Mulvaney, C.W. Wood. 2017. Differentiation of life-history traits among palmer amaranth populations (Amaranthus palmeri) and its relation to cropping systems and glyphosate sensitivity. Weed Science. 65: 339-349
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2017 Citation: M.J. Mulvaney, K.S. Balkcom, C.W. Wood, D. Jordan. 2017. Peanut residue carbon and nitrogen mineralization under simulated conventional and conservation tillage. Agronomy Journal 109: 696-705. doi:10.2134/agronj2016.04.0190
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2017 Citation: A. Couch, A. Jani, M.J. Mulvaney, G.J. Hochmuth, J. Bennett, R.M. Gloaguen, R. Langham, D.L. Rowland. 2017. Nitrogen accumulation, partitioning, and remobilization by diverse sesame cultivars in the humid southeastern USA. Field Crops Research 203: 55-64. doi:10.1016/j.fcr.2016.12.012
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2017 Citation: M.J. Mulvaney, C.W. Wood, K.S. Balkcom, J. Kemble, D.A. Shannon. 2017. No-till with high biomass cover crops and invasive legume mulches increased total soil carbon after three years of collard production. Agroecology and Sustainable Food Systems 41(1): 30-45. doi:10.1080/21683565.2016.1236766.


Progress 10/01/15 to 09/30/16

Outputs
Target Audience:The program provides tools and information related to soil fertility management for Extension Agents, growers, crop consultants, policymakers, and industry professionals and leaders. The program also provides training to stakeholders that facilitates the collection, management, and assessment of data related to programmatic activity. Changes/Problems: Nothing Reported What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?100% of County and Regional Agents, covering an estimated 434,000 acres will use data management protocols and techniques as a result of training provided by my program. Agent-developed protocols learned in ISTs are currently in use for agent-directed fungicide trials in Santa Rosa County. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest? Outcomes: Based partly on input from my program, FDACS has amended the state-wide "How to Comply Fertilizer Manual" based on 2016 Florida Statute 576.011(33) and altered strategic planning to reduce N fertilization based on peanut rotations. Impacts: Florida ranks #5 within the US in the value of mineral production value and produces approximately 25% of global phosphate needs, including 75% of domestic requirements (dep.state.fl.us). The state-wide fertilizer industry distributes over 1.9 million tons of fertilizer annually in Florida alone. Compliance regulations needed to be updated to reflect current knowledge, protect consumers, and reduce environmental impact.The updated regulations affect 400 registered fertilizer companies within the state of Florida. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?The next reporting period will gather data for the following research priorities: Fertility: ESN release rates for winter crops in Florida. Field studies, Jay, Quincy, & Citra. Potential for precision N application on cotton using NDVI and the Clemson N calculator. Field studies, Jay. Mehlich 3 calibration for P & K in wheat. Mehlich 3 calibration for P & K in peanut. Nitrogen credit to subsequent crops after peanut production, Field studies, Jay & Citra Foliar fertilization to improve maturation in peanut Predictive corn N requirements using early-season NDVI Predictive cotton N requirements using early-season NDVI Irrigation: Determine irrigation thresholds for peanut. Field studies, Jay. Peanut: White mold control using directed spray applications Examination of the impact of peanut maturity on emergence, vigor, and subsequent life history traits Harvest timing effects on peanut seedling vigor. Incubation study Carinata: N source and rate effects Life Cycle Analysis Preliminary and Advanced Yield Trials Edamame: Identification of edamame cultivars for production in Florida

Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals? Growers are already utilizing some improved nutrient management technologies. For example, Walker Farms in Escambia County will implement soil moisture sensors for irrigation optimization on 269 irrigatedacres in 2017 as a result of on-farm work conducted in 2016. We have also documented changes in Master Gardener attitudes on GMOs as a result of workshops, with a decrease in negative perceptions from 28.85% of those attending to 25.45% and an increase in positive perceptions from 44.25% to 67.27%.

Publications

  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2016 Citation: Leon, R.G., M.J. Mulvaney, and B.L. Tillman. 2016. Peanut cultivars differing in growth habit and canopy architecture respond similarly to weed interference. Peanut Science 43: 133-140. doi:10.3146/ps16-3.1.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2016 Citation: R.G. Leon, W. Bravo-Hoyos, M.J. Mulvaney, J.A. Ferrell. Beyond glyphosate resistance: adaptation of Amaranthus palmeri populations to cropping systems. Proceedings of 7th International Weed Science Society Congress, Prague, Czech Republic. Jun. 19-25, 2016.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2016 Citation: A.K. Pierre, M.J. Mulvaney, D.L. Rowland, T. Grey. 2016. Tissue Analyses as a Late Season Peanut Seed Quality Prediction Tool. American Peanut Research & Education Society. July 12-14, 2016, Clearwater, FL.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2016 Citation: R.G Leon, M.J. Mulvaney, B.L. Tillman. 2016. Exploring the Importance of Growth Habit and Canopy Architecture of Peanut Competitive Ability against Weeds. American Peanut Research & Education Society. July 12-14, 2016, Clearwater, FL.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2016 Citation: M.J. Mulvaney, K.S. Balkcom, C.W. Wood, D. Jordan. 2016. Potential Nitrogen Credits from Peanut Residue. American Peanut Research & Education Society. July 12-14, 2016, Clearwater, FL.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2016 Citation: F.B. Iriarte, S. Timilsina, P. Zhang, M.J. Mulvaney, J.B. Jones, N.S. Dufault, G.E. Vallad, S.M. Olson, J.J. Marois, D.L. Wright, M.L. Paret, and E.E. Silva. 2016. Bacterial Blight/Angular leaf spot of cotton caused by Xanthomonas citri subsp. malvacearum in North Florida. National Plant Diagnostic Network 4th National Meeting. Washington, DC. March 8-12, 2016. http://conference.ifas.ufl.edu/npdn/Docs/NPDN_2016_Program_Book.pdf
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2016 Citation: W. Bravo, R.G. Leon, J. Ferrell, M. Mulvaney, W. Wood. Differentiation of life-history traits of Palmer amaranth populations (Amaranthus palmeri) and their response to nitrogen fertilization. Proc Florida Weed Sci Soc 38:16. Haines City, FL. Feb. 29  Mar. 1, 2016.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2016 Citation: B.P. Sperry(g), J.A. Ferrell, R. Leon, M.J. Mulvaney, D.L. Rowland DL. S-metolachlor interactions with sesame establishment. Weed Sci Soc Am Abstr 56:264. San Juan, Puerto Rico. Feb. 8-11, 2016.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2016 Citation: N.S. Dufault, H.L. Mehl, A.K. Hagan, R.C. Kemerait, P. Price, M.J. Mulvaney, H.M. Kelly, R.L. Nichols. 2016. Multi-Year Regional Evaluation of One and Two Fungicide Applications for the Management of Target Spot on Two Cotton Varieties. Beltwide Cotton Conferences. New Orleans, LA. Jan. 5-7, 2016.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2016 Citation: M.J. Mulvaney, H. Enloe. 2016. Blends and Timing of Environmentally Smart Nitrogen and Urea: Effects on Cotton Yield and Quality. Beltwide Cotton Conferences, Poster no. 96. New Orleans, LA. Jan. 5-7, 2016.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2015 Citation: M.J. Mulvaney, H. Enloe. 2015. Polymer coated nitrogen release as affected by placement and date of application in the Southeast. ASA-CSSA-SSSA International Annual Meetings, Minneapolis, MN. Nov. 17, 2015.


Progress 08/18/15 to 09/30/15

Outputs
Target Audience:Target audiences included agricultural scientists, pathologists, and physiologists, Extension Agents and Specialists, and growers. Changes/Problems: Nothing Reported What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?Grower field days. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?Handouts, tours of the fields, educational talks. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?In the next year, we will continue to align strategic research with the goals of this program. Research will be developed to address nutrient and water use efficiency in cotton, peanut, and emerging cropping systems.

Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals? Tissue sampling to determine in-season nutrient uptake and partitioningin sesame was accomplished. Agronomic research was planned for carinata as a potential winter cash crop in the Southeast. Disease management issues were addressed for common and emerging diseases in cotton and peanut.

Publications