Source: VIRGINIA STATE UNIVERSITY submitted to NRP
VIRGINIA HOPS (HUMULUS /UPU/US1.): VARIETY TRIALS AND POSTHARVEST PROCESSING AND HANDLING
Sponsoring Institution
National Institute of Food and Agriculture
Project Status
COMPLETE
Funding Source
Reporting Frequency
Annual
Accession No.
1007428
Grant No.
(N/A)
Cumulative Award Amt.
(N/A)
Proposal No.
(N/A)
Multistate No.
(N/A)
Project Start Date
Oct 1, 2015
Project End Date
Sep 30, 2018
Grant Year
(N/A)
Program Code
[(N/A)]- (N/A)
Recipient Organization
VIRGINIA STATE UNIVERSITY
(N/A)
PETERSBURG,VA 23803
Performing Department
Agriculture
Non Technical Summary
This project will represent the initial phase of a long-term study to identify hops (Humulus lupulus L.) varieties adapted to Virginia, determine key cultural practices to maximize crop health and yield, and explore postharvest handling and processing approaches most suited to the small and medium scale farmers that are an important constituency for Virginia State University (VSU). Hops, a key ingredient in beer is gaining attention as a potential cash crop in Virginia due to the rapid growth of the craft beer industry. Our application responds to stakeholder surveys that confirm lack of research and extension capacity at land-grant universities in the Commonwealth to meet grower demand for information and technical support.Over a period of three years, we will acquire selected varieties (20 each year) for planting and observation at a research and demonstration hop yard established at the VSU Randolph Farm. Varieties will be selected for fitness based on key criteria related to Virginia growing conditions. In addition to observation data on establishment, yield, regrowth, and cone quality, samples harvested from experimental varieties will be submitted to the VSU Manufacturing Engineering and Food Processing and Engineering Labs for handling and processing tests including solar drying and modified atmosphere packaging to identify low cost and sustainable postharvest handling methods suited to small scale agriculture. This project will take advantage of VSU's geographic location to generate technical data and recommendations beneficial to a wide audience in the Piedmont lowlands of the mid-Atlantic region.Dissemination of research findings and other information on hop yard management will be done during regular VSU field days, by organizing an annual hops field day involving scientists, growers, and brewers, and by publishing refereed articles and extension bulletins for circulation online and via other media.
Animal Health Component
80%
Research Effort Categories
Basic
0%
Applied
80%
Developmental
20%
Classification

Knowledge Area (KA)Subject of Investigation (SOI)Field of Science (FOS)Percent
2052230106050%
5032230200025%
4022230202025%
Goals / Objectives
The objectives of this project are to:Identify hops varieties suited to Virginia growing conditions.Determine the effect that production under local conditions has on yield and quality of new and popular hops varieties.Explore alternative postharvest handling and preservation methods that can be used by small and medium scale hops growers.
Project Methods
Field experimentation:Twenty (20) select hop varieties per year will be purchased and transplanted into the VSU experimental hop yard. Field grade plants will be acquired from a certified nursery and planted in a section of the hop yard reserved for this study. Each variety will be represented by a 5-plant panel with panels distributed in a completely randomized design within the experimental space. The varieties to be used in the study will be selected based on criteria related to Virginia (Atlantic coast and Piedmont lowlands) climate and growing conditions and quality attributes including:• Strong to moderate resistance to common hops mildews and wilts.• Tolerance for a wide variety of soils and other growing conditions.• Desirable bittering and aroma qualities.The plants will be maintained on raised rows and uniform fertilization and watering (via drip irrigation) regimes imposed on all varieties. After training, time series growth data will be collected weekly during the growing season, and all varieties will be scouted for pest and disease interactions. At harvest, wet hop weights will be recorded and sub-samples weighed again to determine dry matter yield after oven drying to constant weight. Samples will also be submitted to the Enology Service Lab at Virginia Tech for quality analysis.Statistical analysisTime series growth, and yield and quality data for the different varieties will be compared using one-way analysis of variance and other descriptive statistics. Significance of observed differences will be determined using an appropriate mean separation test.Postharvest handling and preservation:DryingWet hops can be delivered directly to a brewery for use, but this calls for proper coordination with the brewer to ensure the hops are needed on the exact day of harvest. Furthermore, this marketing approach will work only for small volumes used in seasonal brews. In order to supply a brewery with hops for an extended period, a grower must be able to dry and preserve the cones such that they remain stable and retain desired quality attributes until use. Specific to hops, drying is complicated by the need to remove most of the moisture at a relatively low temperature to preserve quality.Under this objective, we will explore alternative and cost effective drying technologies that can be built and sustainably used by small and medium scale growers. There are already do-it-yourself (DIY) models online developed by hobby growers and home brewers and we will partner with the VSU College of Engineering (Manufacturing Technology) to develop and test DIY prototypes with improved capacity and performance (including solar powered options).Packaging and storageThe hop compounds desired by brewers (acids and essential oils) undergo changes after harvest and the rate of change (and loss) is dependent in part on variety, and packaging and storage conditions. For example, α-acid stability is an important measure that is expressed as the percentage of α-acids remaining in baled leaf hops after six months of storage at ambient temperature.Although hops deteriorate with storage, the aging process can be slowed with refrigeration, anaerobic packaging, and minimizing contact with light. We will work with the Food Processing and Engineering program at the VSU Agriculture Research Station to explore cost effective packaging and storage methods that can be used by small and medium scale growers including vacuum packing, and modified atmosphere and refrigerated storage.

Progress 10/01/17 to 09/30/18

Outputs
Target Audience:The target audience reached included both growers who are producing or considering growing hops and craft brewers interested in using locally grown ingredients. A diverse audience was reached through participation in the Virginia State University Small Farm Outreach program field day and via presentations at meetings including the 2018 South Atlantic Hops Conference held in Blacksburg, VA Changes/Problems: Nothing Reported What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?In the 2017-18 period, the project provided an opportunity for experimental learning by three undergraduate students and enabled the PI to attend and make presentations at various meetings including the South Atlantic Hops Conference, the Small Farm Family Conference and variousVSU Field days. Through a related grant, the PI was also able to complete a mini sabbatical on hop pathology at a USDA-ARS lab. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?Results obtained from the VSU research hop yard and from locations were we have cooperating growers were shared within the group in form of a progress report and disseminated to communities of interest in via powerpoint presentatins and handouts during the various meetings attended by the principal investigator. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?Application of treatments and data collection continues and the experiment established as part of this project will yield useful data for the foreseeable future. We have submitted a manuscript on the feed and forage value of hop non-cone biomass that is pending review and publication. The PI will also continue to attend meetings to share research findings and to engage with various stakeholders interested in Viginia grown hops.

Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals? Hops varieties have been acquired and experiments established at the VSU research hop yard. Data collection continues on target field research activities. Discussions are ongoing on how to address objective 2 Non-cone biomass samples were recovered and have been submitted for analysis of various attributes relating to forage and feed value. Through cooperation with NC State, we have established the South Atlantic Hops Conference series. The 2017 meeting took place in Asheville, NC while the 2018 meeting took place in Blacksburg, VA These meetings provided an excellent opportunity for growers, brewers, scientists and other professionals to meet and exchange ideas.

Publications


    Progress 10/01/15 to 09/30/18

    Outputs
    Target Audience: The research project estabished as part of this project continues to serve as a site for teaching and demonstration on hop production. Products from our collaborative work with the College of Engineering are being used for student training. Changes/Problems: Nothing Reported What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided? The hop yard including this particular project is an important venue for undergraduate training in agronomy and plant nutrition. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest? Results on the performance of the different cultivars were shared during field days and at meetings with members of the Old Dominion Hops Cooperative, as association representing hop growers from the mid-Atlantic region. Results from our collaborative work with the College of Engineering were presented at the annual meeting of the American Society for Engineering Education. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals? Nothing Reported

    Impacts
    What was accomplished under these goals? More than forty hop cultivars continue to be observed in replicated trials at the VSU Randolph farm

    Publications

    • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: Zhenhua Wu, Laban K. Rutto, and Shahzad Akbar. 2018. Integration of Agriculture Research into Manufacturing Design and Implementation. 2018 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition, Paper ID #21639.


    Progress 10/01/16 to 09/30/17

    Outputs
    Target Audience:This project seeks to address the need for information among small-scale hops growers in Virginia. Due to growth in craft brewing both in Virginia and nationwide, Virginia farmers are looking for opportunities to supply brewing ingredients like hops and malt. This project will provide information on hops varieties suited to the mid-Atlantic region of the US, and recommendations on alternative postharvest handling and processing approaches designed for limited resource audiences. Changes/Problems: Nothing Reported What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?- Two undergraduate students presented data collected while working for the project during the 1890 Agricultural Research Directors meeting held in Atlanta, GA, April 1-4, 2017. - In 2017, two VSU undergraduate students did summer internships at the hop yard under the mentorship of the PI. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?- The PI made a oral presentation to brewers, growers, and other stakeholders on preliminary results and activities of the VSU hops program during the 3rd South Atlantic Hops Conference held in Asheville, NC, March 24-25, 2017. - The hop yard was one of key stops during the 2017 Small Farm Outreach Program field day and received more than 200 visits. Including private visits and solicited consultations, the hop yard hosted more than 300 visitors during the 2017 growing season. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?- New varieties will be introduced. - We will continue to collect data. - The hops program will continue to be fully engaged in outreach an service to all stakeholders.

    Impacts
    What was accomplished under these goals? - More than 45 hops varieteis have been planted in a completely randomized design at the VSU hop yard to collect data on performance and yield under Virginia conditions. - Data was collected in 2017 for varieties planted in 2015. Samples are being processed in preparation for - Plans have been finalized to replace non-performing varieties and to introduce new ones to eventually have 50 varieties on trial at the VSU hop yard.

    Publications

    • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2016 Citation: Rutto L.K. 2016. Requirements and estimates for building a 1/2 acre hop yard. Trojan Hops Extension Bulletin# 1. http://www.agriculture.vsu.edu/files/docs/agricultural-research/trellis-construction.pdf


    Progress 10/01/15 to 09/30/16

    Outputs
    Target Audience:This project seeks to address the need for information among small-scale hops growers in Virginia. Due to growth in craft brewing both in Virginia and nationwide, Virginia farmers are looking for opportunities to supply brewing ingredients like hops and malt. This project will provide information on hops varieties suited to the mid-Atlantic region of the US, and recommendations on alternative postharvest handling and procesing approaches designed for limited resource audiences. Changes/Problems: Nothing Reported What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided? Research objectives and the underlying science of brewing were discussed by the PI with students at VSU and Virginia Commonwealth University (invited lectures). How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest? The Alternative Crops Program hosted a field day in 2016 that attracted more than 70 growers. A bulletin on hop yard construction logistics and cost estimates was published. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals? We will collect data on growth, time to maturity, yield, and pest and disease interactions for 2017. In cooperation with the College of Engineering and Technology, we will design and construst prototype drying and compression equipment for drying and packaging of hops. We will work with the Food Processing and Engineering program to monitor hop quality in response to different postharvest processing approaches.

    Impacts
    What was accomplished under these goals? A 1.4 acre hop yard has been constructed at VSU Randdolph Farm. Experimental plantings consisting of 45 hops varieties have been established . These have been planted in a completely randomized design and will be maintained uniformly for comaprison on growth, pest and disease interaction, and yield performance.

    Publications