EVALUATION AND INCREASING OF EDAMAME AND SPECIALTY SOYBEANS SUITABLE FOR VIRGINIA

• Sponsoring Institution: National Institute of Food and Agriculture
• Project Status: COMPLETE
• Funding Source: EVANS-ALLEN
• Reporting Frequency: Annual
• Accession No.: 1007427
• Project Start Date: Oct 1, 2015
• Project End Date: Sep 30, 2018
• Program Code: [(N/A)]- (N/A)

Recipient Organization
VIRGINIA STATE UNIVERSITY
(N/A)
PETERSBURG,VA 23803

Performing Department
Agriculture

Non Technical Summary
Edamame and specialty soybeans arenew specialty crops with high-market value andhealth benefits. They areideal alternatives to tobacco for Virginia small farmers who traditionally grew tobacco as their primary crop. The goals of this project are to develop and release new superior cultivars and/or germplasm lines which significantly outperform the current ones and developsuitable efficient management and processing system of the crop and products in Virginia. The specific objectives of the project are 1) Evaluation and selection of breeding lines for characteristics of yield and quality; 2) Purification and increasing of superior lines/varieties for release; and 3) Development of breeding populations integrated with high yield potential and high quality traits for edamame and specialty uses. Results of this projectwill contribute towards making Virginia agriculture profitable.

Animal Health Component

60%

Research Effort Categories

Basic

20%

Applied

60%

Developmental

20%

Classification

Knowledge Area (KA)	Subject of Investigation (SOI)	Field of Science (FOS)	Percent
202	1820	1081	100%

Knowledge Area
202 - Plant Genetic Resources;

Subject Of Investigation
1820 - Soybean;

Field Of Science
1081 - Breeding;

Keywords

soybean

edamame

specialty crop

plant breeding and genetics

Goals / Objectives
The long term goals of this project are todevelop and release new superior cultivars and/or germplasm lines which significantly outperform the current ones and develop suitable efficient management and processing system of the crop and products in Virginia to help increase Virginia farms' income by adopting the results/findings of this project.Thespecific objectives of project are to1) Evaluation and selection of breeding lines for characteristics of yield and quality, 2) Purification and increasing of superior lines/varieties for release, and 3) Development of breeding populations integrated with high yield potential and high quality traits for edamame and specialty uses.

Project Methods
Objective 1: All breeding lines available from the soybean program will be planted in field trials in a randomized design and in multiple environments/years. Released edamame and/or grain-type cultivars will be included as checks. Important traits will be observed/evaluated, including fresh bean and dry-grain yield, protein, oil and other quality-related traits. Fresh pods will be sampled at R6 to R7 stage and weighed for estimates of fresh pod yield. Then they will be dried for seed composition analysis. After full maturity (R8), all the plots will be bulk-harvested individually with a plot combine for dry-grain yield. The seeds will be cleaned, and the random samples will be analyzed for nutritional profiles using an NIR analyzer if available (Kovalenko et al., 2006; Wang et al., 2014). Markers associated with desired traits will be also used if available and/or identified if conditions permit (Wang et al., 2014).Objective 2: Based on the results of evaluation described above, superior lines with good characters will be selected and further purified. Approximately 30-40 individual plants with typical characteristics will be selected for each superior line selected. Then plant rows will be planted and off-types will be removed from the field prior to harvesting according to visual appearance or performance of plants. Phenotypically uniform plant rows will be harvested individually. Off-type seeds will be further checked and discarded depending on the seed appearance (color, hila, etc.). The remaining seeds will be bulked to serve as the breeder seed for further increase and release.Objective 3: To overcome the shortages and/or inferior performance of current cultivars available, breeding populations integrated with multiple desirable characters will be developed by making new crosses in the field and/or greenhouse. Superior cultivars and elite germplasm lines with different origins and merits will be used as parents and bi-parental crossing will be predominantly employed along with other forms of crossing. Single-seed/pod descent will be adopted to advance generations in the field and/or greenhouse, and individual plant selection will be performed as well depending on the conditions. The segregating populations developed will be used as a new platform of selection for higher yield potential, and better quality traits, more desirable maturity and adaptability, and diversified uses of edamame and/or specialty soybeans.

Progress 10/01/15 to 09/30/18

Outputs
Target Audience:Farmers, crop growers, soybean producers, food industries, extension specialists, plant scientists, plant breeders, higher educators, undergraduate and graduate students, etc. Changes/Problems: Nothing Reported What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?Two undergaraduate students participated in the activities on the project. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?The results have been published in the professional journals. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?This is the final report, but the related work will be continued during the next project because of the nature or feature of plant breeding and research.

Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals? Over 300 lines were evaluated for yield and quality traits in 2017, and were planted again for further evaluation in 2018 fall. Identifiaction of superior plant rows and individual plants was continued. Three manuscripts were submitted to SCI joournals of high quality and good reputation, two of which had been published and one was accepted.

Publications

• Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: Jiang, G.-L., P. Chen, J. Zhang, L. Florez-Palacios, A. Zeng, X. Wang, R.A. Bowen, A. Miller, and H. Berry. 2018a. Genetic analysis of sugar composition and its relationship with protein, oil, and fiber in soybean. Crop Science 58: 2413-2421
• Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: Jiang, G.-L., L.K. Rutto, S. Ren, R.A. Bowen, H. Berry, and K. Epps. 2018b. Genetic analysis of edamame seed composition and trait relationships in soybean lines. Euphytica 214:158. DOI: 10.1007/s10681-018-2237-9
• Type: Journal Articles Status: Accepted Year Published: 2018 Citation: Guo-Liang Jiang1, Laban K. Rutto, and Shuxin Ren. 2018. Evaluation of Soybean Lines for Edamame Yield Traits and Trait Genetic Correlation. HORTSCIENCE 53.

Progress 10/01/16 to 09/30/17

Outputs
Target Audience:Farmers, crop growers, soybean producers, food industries, extension specialists, plant scientists, breeders, higher educators, undergraduate and graduate students, etc. Changes/Problems: Nothing Reported What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?Two undergraduate students participated in tthe project. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?As described, two posters were presented at ARD meeting and two papers were published in referred journals. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?Yield trials will be continued, and all the materials selected will be further evaluated for traits of importance including seed nutritive characteristics.

Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals? Approximately 150 advanced breeding lines were planted in the spring/summer 2016 for further evaluation. Pomising lines were planted for seed increasing. Evaluation included fresh biomass, pod yield, seed weight of edamame at stage R6 and 100- seed weight after combining/harvesting. Many superior lines with higher yield were identified. Quality traits (protein and oil contents) and resistance to seed diseases were determined. In addition, about 380 lines/varieties selected and planted and 200 plant rows were selected and planted for further selection afterwards in 2017. Evaluation is progress. Two posters were presented at ARD meeting. Two papers related were published in journals.

Publications

• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2017 Citation: (3) Berry, H, R. Tyler, R. Bowen, L.K. Rutto, S. Ren, and G-L. Jiang*. Evaluation of soybean lines for agronomic traits and edamame uses. 18th Biennial Research Symposium of the Association of 1890 Research Directors, April 1-4, 2017, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2017 Citation: (4) Tyler, R., H. Berry, R. Bowen, L.K. Rutto, S. Ren, and G-L. Jiang*. Analysis of protein and oil contents in edamame and mature soybeans. 18th Biennial Research Symposium of the Association of 1890 Research Directors, April 1-4, 2017, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2017 Citation: (5) Jones, K., G-L. Jiang, and S. Ren. Characterization of genomic region of a soybean salt tolerance gene, GmST1, and its putative promoter uncovers an alternative gene arrangement. 18th Biennial Research Symposium of the Association of 1890 Research Directors, April 1-4, 2017, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
• Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2016 Citation: (7) Ren, Shuxin, Chimera Lyle, Guo-Liang Jiang, and Abhishek Penumala. 2016. Soybean salt tolerance 1 (GmST1) reduces ROS production, enhances ABA sensitivity and abiotic stress tolerance in Arabidopsis thaliana. Frontiers in Plant Science 7:445. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2016.00445
• Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2017 Citation: (5) Kim, C, Torres A, Xu Y, Kaseloo P, Nguyen L, Awan Z, Rutto L, Sismour E, Jiang GL, Kering M, Wynn C, Stein R, and Pao S. 2017. Role of steam blanching and vacuum packaging on the physical and microbiological quality of fresh vegetable soybean (edamame) during storage. Austin Food Sciences 2(1): 1029

Progress 10/01/15 to 09/30/16

Outputs
Target Audience:Farmers, crop growers, soybean producers, food industries, extension specialists, plant scientists, breeders, higher educators, undergraduate and graduate students, etc. Changes/Problems: Nothing Reported What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?One undergraduate studentparticipated in tthe project. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest? Nothing Reported What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?Yield trials will be continued, and all the materials selected will be further evalated for traits of importance.

Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals? Approximately 150 advanced breeding lines were planted in the spring/summer 2015 for evaluation. Pomising lines were planted for seed increasing. Evaluation included fresh biomass, pod yield, seed weight of edamameat stage R6 and 100-seed weight after combining/harvesting. Many superior lines with higher yield were identified. Quality traits (protein and oil contents) and resistance to seed diseases were determined. In addition, from over 2,000 plant rows, about 350-400 plant rows were preliminarily selected in the field. over 200 new lines were finally selected and planted in 2016 for preliminary evaluation and selection in the subsequent season. Further selection will be performed later according to the seed traits. In cooperation with USDA-ARS, two yield trials of USB-Diversity project were planted.

Publications