Progress 09/01/15 to 08/31/19
Outputs
Target Audience:The target audience is strawberry growers and industry partners, especially commercial fumigation companies and grower associations, pest control advisors and industry groups such as the California Strawberry Commission and participants at the Methyl Bromide Alternative Outreach meeting. We have given 14 extension talks on this project to strawberry growers. During the project period we have repeatedly met with collaborators, industry partners and strawberry growers to plan and conduct the project. Changes/Problems:
Nothing Reported
What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?Three students have worked on the project. Work by these students has helped them gain a better understanding of research and pest management in strawberry. Two visiting scientists have worked on this project, which enhanced their backgrounds in field and laboratory research. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?Outreach. There were 14 extension presentation made about this project including two field-days were conducted at Salinas, CA. Project results were also discussed at grower meetings in Ventura, Santa Maria, Watsonville, CA and Salinas, CA. We had frequent project meetings to discuss the outcome and the development of the project with industry partners and scientists. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?We plan to continue investigations of pure Steam combined with MSM, Dominus and CaO on plant response and pathogen control. We further plan to investigate steam in combination with cover crops and Dominus in field trials in Watsonville and Salinas, based on the results from this years field trials. We plan to finish and publish a video documentary of the project and develop a social media outreach program.
Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals?
Objective 1: Enhance the efficacy of AITC by co-application with steam. Steam was applied in combination with Mustard Seed Meal (MSM), Dominus (AITC) and calcium oxide (CaO; quicklime) in several laboratory, greenhouse and micro plot studies as well as field studies. Micro plot and lab evaluations. Steam + MSM: Steam + Dominus (AITC): Four micro plot studies were conducted in March and July 2016, June 2018, and June 2019 at Salinas, CA. The plot size was 1 m × 1 m. Sachets containing test species Verticillium dahlia and weeds seeds (knotweed, nettle, pigweed, and purslane) were installed prior to treatment. The steam injector was inserted at the center of the micro plots. Dominus (AITC) was applied at the center of the micro plots at 20 GPA (18.7 mL m-2). Soil temperature 100 mm deep was measured at 25, 75, 125, 180 mm from the injection point for the 2016 trials and at 0.3, 0.5, and 0.7 m for the 2018 and 2019 trials. Steam was applied at a suboptimal dose so that treatment effects on the pathogen and weed samples could be detected. HOBO data loggers were used to measure soil temperatures. The data show that the combination of steam plus Dominus provided better control of Verticillium and weed seed, than Dominus applied alone. The significance of this finding is that while Dominus alone has low mobility in the soil at ambient temperatures, whereas it has much higher mobility when applied in combination with steam. We evaluated Steam in combination with Mustard Seed Meal (MSM), and calcium oxide (CaO; quicklime) in several laboratory, greenhouse and micro plot studies. Steam + MSM: Repeated 4 month long greenhouse experiments showed that Steam + MSM increases strawberry (cv. 'Monterey') growth and fruit yield compared to single treatments of steam or MSM alone (P <0.05). Steam + CaO: In 2018 experiments (field soil 100%, 20 kg; pressure: 100 kPa), 30 minutes after steam treatment, steam + CaO 0.1% (w/w) had 28oC higher soil temperatures than steam alone. CaO clearly is complimentary to steam; the question we were not able to answer is whether this chemical improves the cost effectiveness of field steaming. Soil disinfestation in the field with steam. Integrated steam/hot air evaluation. A prototype steam/hot air applicator was built as a tractor towed unit in September 2015, using third party funding. This applicator was equipped with a direct-fire steam generator that injects about one part steam to two parts hot air into the soil. We were able to conduct two field trials in October 2016 (in Salinas, CA and Watsonville, CA) where we applied steam/hot air in a field where previously cover crops had been grown and incorporated. These trials continued into 2017. The results with the steam/hot air applicator were disappointing - the pest control (Pythium ultimum) and weed control was poor relative to chloropicrin fumigation. Strawberry yields at Watsonville did indicate that the steam/hot air treatment was partially effective, but at Salinas the strawberry yields for steam/hot air were not different from the control. We have concluded that steam/hot air is not an effective soil disinfestation treatment. It is likely that the hot air interferes with the transfer of heat from the steam to the soil particles because hot air injected into the soil does not condense in volume, which creates backpressure. Therefore, it is easier to inject pure steam into the soil because it condenses and does not have noticeable backpressure. We have concluded that future work for soil disinfestation must focus on pure steam. Integrated pure steam evaluation. Given the disappointing results with the mixture of steam and hot air in 2016-17, we have focused since then on steam alone. In August and September 2018 we initiated two trials in fruiting fields, one at Salinas, CA and one at Watsonville, CA. Treatments at Salinas were: control, mustard seed meal (MSM) at 1.5 tons/A, steam alone, and steam + MSM at 1.5 tons/A and Triform 80E at 252 lb./A. At Watsonville the treatments were control, steam alone and steam + MSM at 1.5 tons/A. After steam application at Salinas and Watsonville, maximum soil temperature reached 73 and 67°C and time above 65°C (target temperature) was 52 and 108 minutes, respectively. The steam applicator increased soil temperature of 65°C at a depth of 10 inches for 24 minutes at Salinas and reached 60°C at 10 inches for 59 minutes at Watsonville. At Salinas, sachets containing purslane seeds and microsclerotia of Verticillium dahliae were installed in each treatment. In the Salinas trial, viability of purslane seeds and Verticillium dahliae in the no steam control, MSM alone, steam alone, and steam + MSM were 78, 86, 3, and 0.5% and 688, 552, 1, and 0.2 microsclerotia g-1, respectively. At Watsonville the percentage reduction in propagules of Pythium ultimum by steam alone and steam + MSM was100 and 96%, respectively. Fruit yields were collected from 20 ft. long sample areas at Salinas. April to August 2019 fruit yields at Salinas for the control, MSM, steam, steam + MSM and Triform 80 were 534 a, 670 b, 663 b, 745 b, 731 b grams fruit/plant (letters are LSD's indicating significant differences at the 5% level). At Watsonville fruit yields in the steam plot was 173% relative to the control and steam + MSM was 277% to the control. Objective 2: Deliver results to growers and stakeholders and analyze acceptance and economic impact of proposed new technologies. The cost estimates for the Southern Turf Nursery applicator were: fuel $3,097, labor $733, machine costs $593, total steam cost per acre based on commercial estimates $4,423.
Publications
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2019
Citation:
Fennimore SA, Kim DS. 2019 Evaluation of a Field-Scale Steam Applicator in California Strawberry Fruit and Nursery Fields. American Society for Horticultural Science Annual Conference. https://ashs.confex.com/ashs/2019/meetingapp.cgi/Paper/30334
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2019
Citation:
Dong Sub Kim, Steven Kim, John Rachuy, and Steven A. Fennimore. 2019 Integration of steam with allyl-isothiocyanate and mustard seed meal for soil disinfestation. American Society for Horticultural Science Annual Conference. https://ashs.confex.com/ashs/2019/meetingapp.cgi/Paper/30420
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2016
Citation:
Hoffmann, M., A. Barbella, J. Broome, F. Martin, M. Stanghellini, A. Asche, G. Vargas, D. Hodel, R. Goodhue, H. Ajwa and S. Fennimore. 2016. Improvement and integration of field-scale soil pasteurization in California: state of research. In: Annual International Research Conference on Methyl Bromide Alternatives and Emissions Reductions. Orlando, FL. Proceedings 18
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2017
Citation:
Fennimore, S.A., M. Hoffmann. 2017 Strategic Use of Steam for Soil Disinfestation. In: Annual International Research Conference on Methyl Bromide Alternatives and Emissions Reductions. San Diego, CA. Proceedings 72.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2017
Citation:
Hoffmann M, Ganci M, Broome J, Stanghellini M, Asche A., Vargas G., Goodhue R. and Fennimore S. 2017. Direct-Fired Steam and Hot Air to Control Weeds and Pathogens In Strawberry In: Annual International Research Conference on Methyl Bromide Alternatives and Emissions Reductions. San Diego, CA. Proceedings 15.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2018
Citation:
Dong Sub Kim, Steven Kim, John Rachuy, and Steven A. Fennimore. Activity of Sulfur Compounds Against Sclerotinia minor, American Society for Horticultural Science, July 30-August 3 2018, Washington, DC. ASHS Abstracts S415.
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2016
Citation:
Fennimore, S.A., and R.E. Goodhue. 2016. Soil Disinfestation with Steam: A Review of Economics, Engineering and Soil Pest Control in California Strawberry. International Journal of Fruit Production. DOI: 10.1080/15538362.2016.1195312
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Awaiting Publication
Year Published:
2017
Citation:
Xu Y., R.E. Goodhue, J.A. Chalfant, T. Miller and S.A. Fennimore. 2017. Economic viability of steam as an alternative to preplant soil fumigation in California strawberry production. 2017. HortScience 52:401-407.
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2017
Citation:
Hoffmann, M., A. Barbella, T. Miller, J. Broome, F. Martin, S. Koike, J. Rachuy, I. Greene, N. Dorn, R. Goodhue, and S. Fennimore. 2017. Weed and pathogen control with steam in California strawberry production. Acta Hort. 1156: 593-601.
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2017
Citation:
Hoffmann, M., S.A. Fennimore. 2017. A Soil Probe System to Evaluate Weed Seed Survival in Soil Disinfestation Trials. Weed Technology. 31:752-760. DOI: 10.1017/wet.2017.36
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2018
Citation:
Dr. Carol Shennan, Dr. Joji Muramoto, Dr. Steven T. Koike, Mr. Graeme Baird, Dr. Steven Fennimore, Dr. Jayesh Samtani, Mr. Mark Bolda, Dr. Surendra Dara, Dr. Oleg Daugovish, Dr. George Lazarovits, Dr. David Butler, Dr. Erin Rosskopf, Dr. Nancy Kokalis-Burelle, Karen Klonsky, Mark Mazzola 2018. Anaerobic soil disinfestation is an alternative to soil fumigation for control of some soilborne pathogens in strawberry production. DOI: 10.1111/ppa.12721 Plant Pathology 67:51-66.
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Awaiting Publication
Year Published:
2019
Citation:
Kim S, Kim DS, Fennimore SA Incorporating statistical strategy into image analysis to estimate effects of steam and allyl isocyanate on weed control PLOS One (accepted).
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2015
Citation:
Fennimore, S.A., C. Wilen, M. Hoffmann, J. Gerik, F. Martin, S. Koike, B. Westerdahl, and M. Stanghellini, 2015. Integrated fumigant and non-fumigant soil disinfestation systems for flower and strawberry. In: Annual International Research Conference on Methyl Bromide Alternatives and Emissions Reductions. San Diego, CA. Proceedings 64
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2015
Citation:
Hoffmann M., T. Miller, J. Rachuy, N. Dorn, I. Greene, J. Broome, R. Goodhue and S. Fennimore 2015. Soil disinfestation with steam in California strawberry production - a review and future prospects. In: Annual International Research Conference on Methyl Bromide Alternatives and Emissions Reductions. Orlando, FL. Proceedings 18.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2016
Citation:
Fennimore S.A., M. Hoffmann, R.E. Goodhue. 2016 Evaluation of direct-fire steam for soil disinfestation in California strawberry. 7th International Weed Science Congress. Prague, Czech Republic. Abstract 137
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2016
Citation:
Fennimore, S.A., C. Wilen, M. Hoffmann, J. Gerik, F. Martin, S. Koike, and M. Stanghellini, 2016. Integrated fumigant and non-fumigant soil disinfestation systems for flower and strawberry. In: Annual International Research Conference on Methyl Bromide Alternatives and Emissions Reductions. Orlando, FL. Proceedings 17
|
Progress 09/01/17 to 08/31/18
Outputs
Target Audience:The target audience is strawberry growers and industry partners, especially commercial fumigation companies and grower associations, pest control advisors and industry groups such as the California Strawberry Commission and participants at the Methyl Bromide Alternative Outreach meeting. We have given four extension talks on this project to strawberry growers. During the project period we have repeatedly met with collaborators, industry partners and strawberry growers to plan the project. Changes/Problems:
Nothing Reported
What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?One undergraduate student worked on the project. Work by this student has helped them gain a better understanding of research and pest management in strawberry. One visiting scientist has worked on this project, which enhanced his background in field and laboratory research. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?Outreach. Two field-days were conducted at Salinas, CA. Project results were also discussed at grower meetings in Watsonville, CA and Salinas, CA. We had frequent project meetings to discuss the outcome and the development of the project with industry partners and scientists. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?We plan to continue investigations of pure Steam combined with MSM, Dominus and CaO on plant response and pathogen control. We further plan to investigate steam in combination with cover crops and Dominus in field trials in Watsonville and Salinas, based on the results from this years field trials. We plan to finish and publish a video documentary of the project and develop a social media outreach program.
Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals?
Objective 1: Enhance the efficacy of AITC by co-application with steam. Evaluation of Amendments to enhance the efficacy of steam Steam was applied in combination with Mustard Seed Meal (MSM), Dominus (AITC) and calcium oxide (CaO; quick-lime) in several laboratory, greenhouse and microplot studies as well as field studies. Steam + MSM: Steam + Dominus (AITC): Minimum lethal temperature for Sclerotinia minor is higher than for pathogens such as Verticillium dahliae and Pythium ultimum. We found that Dominus at 500 mL mL-1 in potato dextrose agar medium completely inhibited the mycelial growth and sclerotial germination of S. minor in vitro. This result suggests that Dominus can increase steam efficacy. In a microplot trial, conducted in June 2018 we found that steam reduced the viability of the weed seeds (knotweed, purslane, pigweed, and nettle). When we analyzed the additive effects of Dominus and MSM, the steam + Dominus treatment was found to improve pest control compared to steam alone but the steam + MSM treatment did not improve control of weed seeds (A mixed-effect logistic regression model p < 0.001). Seed viability of knotweed, purslane, and nettle did not change with increasing distance from the point of the steam injection for the steam + Dominus treatment, while viability of pigweed seed increased with greater distance from injection point in all steam treatments. Weed densities in the microplot treatments of steam alone, steam + MSM, and steam + Dominus treatment was 0.5, 1.0, and 0.5/ft2, respectively while weed density in the control microplots was 163/ft2. Sclerotial germination of S. minor in steam alone, steam + MSM, and steam + Dominus treatment was 0, 11, and 0%, respectively while sclerotial germination of S. minor in the microplots of control was 26%. The synergistic effect of steam + Dominus was not detected in this trial due to excessive steam application which controlled the pests and masked the results. The study is being repeated in the next period using shorter steam application intervals in an attempt to detect any steam + Dominus or steam + MSM synergy. We initiated two field studies in August and September 2018 with steam alone, and steam + MSM in strawberry fruiting fields at Salinas and Watsonville. At Watsonville 2.1 acres was treated with steam in a large block with the Southern Turf Nursery (STN) applicator. At Salinas steam was applied in a replicated trial with the STN applicator. At Salinas plots were 0.12 acres each, and treatments were: steam, steam + MSM, fumigant standard (Triform 80 at 252 lbs./Acre), and the control were replicated 4 times and arranged in a randomized complete block design. After steam was applied at Salinas and Watsonville, maximum soil temperature reached 73 and 67°C and time above 65°C (target temperature) was 52 and 108 minutes, respectively. The steam applicator reached soil temperature of 65°C at a depth of 10 inches for 63 minutes at Salinas and 12 minutes at Watsonville. In the Salinas trial, viability of purslane seeds and microsclerotia population of Verticillium dahliae in the no steam control, MSM alone, steam alone, and steam + MSM were 77.5, 85.5, 3.0, and 0.5% and 688, 552, 1.2, and 0.2 microsclerotia g-1, respectively. At Watsonville the percentage reduction in propagules of Pythium ultimum by steam alone and steam + MSM was100 and 96%, respectively. Steam + CaO: We tested a steam + CaO application method in 2017, but the results were inconclusive. In followup experiments in 2018 (soil: field soil 100%, 20 kg; pressure: 100 kPa), 30 minutes after steam treatment, steam + CaO 0.1% (w/w) at 70 mm below surface had 28oC higher soil temperatures than steam alone.
Publications
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2017
Citation:
Fennimore, S.A., M. Hoffmann. 2017 Strategic Use of Steam for Soil Disinfestation. In: Annual International Research Conference on Methyl Bromide Alternatives and Emissions Reductions. San Diego, CA. Proceedings 72.
- Type:
Book Chapters
Status:
Awaiting Publication
Year Published:
2018
Citation:
Fennimore SA, NS Boyd. Sustainable Weed Control in Strawberry. (in press) In Korres, N.E., Burgos, N.R. and S.O. Duke (eds.) Weed Control: Sustainability, Hazards and Risks in Cropping Systems Worldwide. Science Publishers, CRS Press / Taylor & Francis Group.
|
Progress 09/01/16 to 08/31/17
Outputs
Target Audience:The target audience is strawberry growers and industry partners, especially commercial fumigation companies and grower associations, pest control advisors and industry groups such as the California Strawberry Commission and participants at the Methyl Bromide Alternative Outreach meeting. We have given six extension talks on this project to strawberry growers and established a soil disinfestation meeting once a year to communicate and discuss with stakeholders methods of managing soil pests with less dependence on fumigants. During the project period we have repeatedly met with collaborators, industry partners and strawberry growers to plan the project. Changes/Problems:
Nothing Reported
What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?Two undergraduate students have worked on the project. Work by these students has helped them gain a better understanding of research and pest management in strawberry. One visiting scientist has worked on this project, which enhanced his background in field and laboratory research. This visiting scientist has gone on to secure a faculty position at a leading land grant university. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?Outreach. Two field-days were conducted in Salinas, CA. Project results were also discussed at grower meetings in Watsonville, CA and Salinas, CA. We organized a cross disciplinary discussion work-shop for farm advisors, growers, industry, start-ups, federal and state scientists in February 2017. We developed a project video and are currently developing a project documentary. We had frequent project meetings to discuss the outcome and the development of the project with industry partners and scientists. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?We plan to investigate the effects of pure Steam combined with MSM, Dominus and CaO on plant physiology and pathogen control. We further plan to investigate steam in combination with cover crops and Dominus in field trials in Watsonville and Salinas, based on the results from this years field trials. We plan to finish and publish a video documentary of the project and develop a social media outreach program. We also will continue to establish a yearly works-shop to discuss soil disinfestation.
Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals?
Progress has been made on all project objectives. Laboratory Evaluation of Amendments to enhance the efficacy of steam We evaluated Steam in combination with Mustard Seed Meal (MSM), Dominus (AITC) and calcium oxide (CaO; quick-lime) in several laboratory, greenhouse and microplot studies. Steam + MSM: Repeated 4 month long greenhouse experiments showed that Steam + MSM increases strawberry (cv. 'Monterey') growth and fruit yield compared to single treatments of steam or MSM alone (MANOVA, Tukey HSD post-hoc p <0.05). Steam + CaO: We tested a steam + CaO application method for field trials in 2017, but the results were inconclusive. Steam + Dominus (AITC): In repeated microplot trials, we found that Steam combined with Dominus has a significantly (MANOVA, Tuckey HSD post-hoc p <0.05) higher mobility in soil, leading to significantly better control of weed seeds and Verticillium dahliae than either steam or Dominus applied alone. Integrated steam evaluation. A prototype steam/hot air applicator was built as a tractor towed set-up in September 2015, using third party funding. This applicator was equipped with a direct-fire steam generator that injects about 1 part steam to 2 parts hot air into the soil We were able to conduct two field trials in October 2016 (in Salinas, CA and Watsonville, CA) where we applied steam in a field where previously cover crops had been grown and incorporated. Results of these trials were carried forward in 2017. The results with the steam/hot air applicator were disappointing - the pest control (Pythium ultimum) and weed control was poor relative to chloropicrin fumigation. Strawberry yields at Watsonville did indicate that the steam/hot air treatment was partially effective, but at Salinas the strawberry yields for steam/hot air were not different than the control. We have concluded that steam/hot air is not an effective soil disinfestation treatment. It is likely that the hot air interferes with the transfer of heat from the steam to the soil particles. We have concluded that future work for soil disinfestation must focus on pure steam and not on steam/hot air.
Publications
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2016
Citation:
Integrated Soil Disinfestation Systems for Flower and Strawberry, MBAO 8-10 Nov. 2016, Orlando, FL
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2016
Citation:
Improvement and Integration of Field-Scale Soil Pasteurization in California, MBAO 8-10 Nov. 2016, Orlando, FL
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2017
Citation:
Hoffmann, M., A. Barbella, T. Miller, J. Broome, F. Martin, S. Koike, J. Rachuy, I. Greene, N. Dorn, R. Goodhue, and S. Fennimore. 2017. Weed and pathogen control with steam in California strawberry production. Acta Hort. 1156: 593-601.
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Awaiting Publication
Year Published:
2017
Citation:
Hoffmann, M., S.A. Fennimore. 2017. A Soil Probe System to Evaluate Weed Seed Survival in Soil Disinfestation Trials. Weed Technology. DOI: 10.1017/wet.2017.36
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2017
Citation:
Xu Y., R.E.Goodhue, J.A. Chalfant, T. Miller and S.A.Fennimore. 2017. Economic viability of steam as an alternative to preplant soil fumigation in California strawberry production. 2017. HortScience 52:401-407.
|
Progress 09/01/15 to 08/31/16
Outputs
Target Audience:The target audience is strawberry growers and industry partners, especially commercial fumigation companies and grower associations, pest control advisors and industry groups such as the California Strawberry Commission. We have given six extension talks on this project to strawberry growers and established a soil disinfestation meeting once a year to communicate and discuss with stakeholders methods of managing soil pests with less dependence on fumigants. During the project period we have repeatedly met with collaborators, industry partners and strawberry growers to plan the project. Changes/Problems:
Nothing Reported
What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?Two undergraduate students have worked on the project. Work by these students has helped them gain a better understanding of research and pest management in strawberry. One visiting scientist currently works on this project, which is enhancing his background in field and laboratory research. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?Outreach. Two field-days were conducted in Salinas, CA. Project results were also discussed at grower meetings in Watsonville, CA and Salinas, CA. We organized a cross disciplinary discussion work-shop for farm advisors, growers, industry, start-ups, federal and state scientists in February 2016. We developed a project video and are currently developing a project documentary. We had frequent project meetings to discuss the outcome and the development of the project with industry partners and scientists. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?We plan to investigate the effects of Steam combined with MSM, Dominus and CaO on plant physiology and pathogen control, following up on the results of the research initiated in October 2016. We further plan to investigate steam in combination with cover crops and Dominus in field trials in Watsonville and Salinas, based on the results from this years field trials. We plan to finish and publish a video documentary of the project and develop a social media outreach program. We also will continue to establish a yearly works-shop to discuss soil disinfestation.
Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals?
Progress has been made on all project objectives. Laboratory Evaluation of Amendments to enhance the efficacy of steam We evaluated Steam in combination with Mustard Seed Meal (MSM), Dominus (AITC) and calcium oxide (CaO; quick-lime) in several laboratory, greenhouse and microplot studies. Steam + MSM: Repeated 4 month long greenhouse experiments showed that Steam + MSM increases strawberry (cv. 'Monterey') growth and fruit yield compared to single treatments of steam or MSM alone (MANOVA, Tukey HSD post-hoc p <0.05). Steam + CaO: Repeated laboratory experiments showed that 1:100 ratios of CaO are sufficient to reach time and temperature in soil necessary to kill soil pests. We are currently developing a CaO application method for field trials in 2017. Steam + Dominus (AITC): In repeated microplot trials, we found that Steam combined with Dominus has a significantly (MANOVA, Tuckey HSD post-hoc p <0.05) higher mobility in soil, leading to significantly better control of weed seeds and Verticillium dahliae than either steam or Dominus applied alone. Integrated steam evaluation. A prototype steam applicator was built as a tractor towed set-up in September 2015, using third party funding. We were able to conduct two field trials in October 2016 (in Salinas, CA and Watsonville, CA) where we applied steam in a field where previously cover crops had been grown and incorporated.
Publications
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2016
Citation:
SOIL DISINFESTATION WITH STEAM IN CALIFORNIA STRAWBERRY PRODUCTION, MBAO 8-11 Nov. 2015, San Diego CA
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2016
Citation:
Weed and Pathogen Control with Steam in California Strawberry. 8th International Strawberry Symposium, 13-17 Aug. 2016, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada.
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Accepted
Year Published:
2016
Citation:
Hoffmann, M., Barbella, A., Miller, T., Broome, J.,Martin, F., Koike, S., Rachuy, J., Greene, I., Dorn, N., Goodhue, R. and Fennimore, S. 2016: Weed and Pathogen Control with Steam in California Strawberry Production.
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