Progress 09/01/15 to 08/31/18
Outputs Target Audience:FARAD's immediate clients are practicing veterinarians, regulators, extension officers, producers, and researchers, but it ultimately protects the food consuming public and contributes to human Public Health by equipping these professionals with the best science available. Changes/Problems:There have been considerable changes in the FARAD component as Kansas State University (KSU) throughout the report period. First, Dr. Jim Riviere retired from Kansas State University in May 2017. At that time, Dr. Ronette Gehring had taken over as PI to ensure that full operations could continue seamlessly. However, Dr. Gehring accepted an offer of full professor and chair at the University of Utrecht and left KSU at the end of September, 2017. As a result, we needed to transfer certain functions (databases and applications developed at KSU, as well as analyses of samples collected during a collaborative research project) to FARAD centers at NCSU and UC Davis to ensure continued delivery of outcomes given in the proposal. After Dr. Gehring left, Dr Zhoumeng Lin took over as contact PI of this award at KSU. The specific aims and goals of the proposal were adjusted to fit within Dr. Lin's expertise, which is physiologically-based pharmacokinetic modeling in support of FARAD's mission to provide science based withdrawal interval recommendations. The proposed work has been completed and the publications listed above document the accomplishments and the productivity of the FARAD team at KSU. What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?This project directly supported one PhD graduate student, and partially supported three post-doctoral fellows. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?See data above on call center and internet access which is the primary route for information dissemination for FARAD. We also published our research in peer-reviewed journals (see the Products page). What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?
Nothing Reported
Impacts What was accomplished under these goals?
The overall use of FARAD program services has a remarkable increase throughout the past five years in terms of both the number of residue-related questions received via our telephone hotline and internet-based portal as well as the number of visitors to our information resources on the internet (www.farad.org) and mobile platforms. FARAD has continued to operate its telephone hot-line and online access systems throughout the past year, which produced continued growth in the number of calls compared to the previous year. During 2017, the regional access centers answered over 3,366 specific inquiries (entailing multiple drugs/contaminants) that directly involved approximately 9.5 million animals. Given the amount of list-serve sharing of FARAD's answers, these calls most likely indirectly impacted another set of animals, which are unfortunately unquantifiable. The majority of these inquiries were submitted via the world-wide web and remain focused on small production poultry (34%) followed by dairy and beef cattle (26%), then small ruminants (24%), swine (11%) and rabbits (1%). Depending on species, each request may impact either a single animal or large herds or flocks. Situations leading to concerns about violative residues, ranged from cases involving intentional extralabel drug use for therapeutic purposes to situations involving accidental or unavoidable exposures associated with environmental accidents. In addition to specific cases that were submitted via the hot-line, users sought general information on drug and residue avoidance. The reasons for calls are very diverse and range from "ordinary requests" for drug withdrawal recommendations (related to extra-label drug use or accidental drug overdoses) to "extraordinary requests", which include pesticide and contaminant exposures. During 2017, there were 65,046 visitors to the FARAD website (daily average of 178), which represents a net increase of 6.8% over the previous year. While 53,365 visitors (82% of all visitors) originated from IP addresses located within the United States, visits were recorded from 171 separate countries, a slight increase over the previous year. In addition to the United States, other countries included among the top ten total visitors (high to low) were Canada, India, Taiwan, United Kingdom, Australia, Germany, China, Philippines and Mexico. The total number of page visits on www.farad.org remained relatively unchanged from the previous year at 317,134 (up 9.6%) total page visits. One noteworthy change during 2017 was the significant rebound in the number of total visits to VetGRAM, which increased to 107,593 page views following a sharp decline in the previous year. Although we had proposed that the sharp decline in VetGRAM use during 2016 might possibly be associated with increased use of free mobile phone apps, the most recent usage data reveal a return to a continued high demand for the internet-based VetGRAM platform (~ 295 page visits per day). During the past year, new installs of our free VetGRAM apps continued albeit at reduced levels compared to the previous year for both Android phones (318 new downloads) and the iOS-based app for iPhones (106 new downloads). Other highly viewed pages on the FARAD website included the Withdrawal Interval (WDI) Recommendation Lookup, the Veterinary Feed Directive pages, the Withdrawal Date Calculator, the Restricted and Prohibited Drugs page and Extra-Label Drug Use information pages. The primary focus of KSU's work was to answer FARAD calls every third week, and develop physiologically-based pharmacokinetic and population pharmacokinetic models for selected drugs to predict tissue and milk residues in target populations. KSU also provided pharmacokinetic analysis services for all FARAD collaborators. The publications listed above document this productivity. Another focus area was to formalize the theoretical underpinnings of our pharmacokinetic models and algorithms through rigorous review and publication in the scientific literature . Finally, a full-time database developer was hired to continue work on the global database of veterinary products approved for food-producing animals.
Publications
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2015
Citation:
Marmulak T, Tell LA, Gehring R, Baynes RE, Vickroy TW, Riviere JE. Egg residue considerations during the treatment of backyard poultry. J Am Vet Med Assoc. 247:12: 1388-1395, 2015.
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2015
Citation:
Shelver WL, Smith DJ, Tell LA, Baynes RE, Schroeder JW, Riviere JE. Screening and confirmatory analyses of flunixin in tissues and bodily fluids after intravenous or intramuscular administration to cull dairy cows with or without lipopolysaccharide challenge. J Agr Food Chem. 64: 1: 336-345, 2015.
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2016
Citation:
Baynes RE, Dedonder K, Kissell L, Mzyk D, Marmulak T, Smith G, Tell L, Gehring R, Davis J, Riviere JE. Health concerns and management of select veterinary drug residues. Food Chem Tox. 88:112-122, 2016.
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2016
Citation:
Lin Z, Gehring R, Mochel JP, Lav� T, Riviere JE. Mathematical modeling and simulation in animal health - Part II: principles, methods, applications, and value of physiologically based pharmacokinetic modeling in veterinary medicine and food safety assessment. J Vet Pharmacol Therap. 39:421-438, 2016. [PMID: 27086878]
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2016
Citation:
DeDonder KD, Gehring R, Riviere JE, Baynes RE, Tell LA, Vickroy TW. Residue concerns following exposure of livestock to oil and petroleum products. J Am Vet Med Assoc. 248: 2: 145-146, 2016.
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2016
Citation:
DeDonder KD, Gehring R, Tell LA, Riviere JE. Protocol for diversion of confirmed positive bulk raw milk tankers to calf ranches - A review of the Pharmacokinetics of tetracyclines and sulfonamides in veal calves. Anim Health Res Rev, 17(2):127-136, 2016. [PMID:27534578]
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2016
Citation:
Lin Z, Cuneo M, Rowe JD, Li M, Tell LA, Allison S, Carlson J, Riviere JE, Gehring R. "Estimation of tulathromycin depletion in plasma and milk after subcutaneous injection in lactating goats using a nonlinear mixed-effects pharmacokinetic modeling approach. BMC Vet Res. 12: 1: 258, 2016.
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2016
Citation:
Lin Z, Vahl CI, Riviere JE. Human food safety implications of variation in food animal drug metabolism. Scientific Reports. 6, 27907, 2016.
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2016
Citation:
Kissell LW, Brinson PD, Gehring R, Tell LA, Wetzlich SE, Baynes RE, Riviere JE, Smith GW. Pharmacokinetics and tissue elimination of flunixin in veal calves. Am J Vet Res. 77: 6: 634-640, 2016.
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2017
Citation:
Riviere JE, Tell LA, Baynes RE, Vickroy TW, Gehring R. Guide to FARAD resources: historical and future perspectives. J
Am Vet Med Assoc. 250:10: 1131-1139, 2017.
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2017
Citation:
Mzyk DA, Gehring R, Tell LA, Vickroy TW, Riviere JE, Ragan G, Baynes RE, Smith GW. "Considerations for extralabel
drug use in calves." J Am Vet Med Assoc. 250: 11: 1275-1282, 2017.
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2017
Citation:
Li M, Gehring R, Riviere JE, Lin Z. Development and application of a population physiologically based pharmacokinetic model for penicillin G in swine and cattle for food safety assessment. Food Chem Tox, 107:74-87, 2017. [PMID: 28627373]
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2017
Citation:
Lin Z, Jaberi-Douraki M, He C, Jin S, Yang RSH, Fisher JW, Riviere JE. Performance assessment and translation of physiologically based pharmacokinetic models from acslX to Berkeley Madonna, MATLAB, and R language: oxytetracycline and gold nanoparticles as case examples. Tox Sci. 158:23-35, 2017. [PMID: 28402537]
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2018
Citation:
Udiani O, Mason S, Smith G, Mzyk D, Gehring R, Tell L, Riviere JE, Baynes RE. Automation and Applications of the Tolerance Limit Method in Estimating Meat Withdrawal Periods for Veterinary Drugs. Comput Electron Agric 146: 125-135, 2018.
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2018
Citation:
Stafford EG, Tell LA, Lin Z, Davis J, Vickroy TW, Riviere JE, Baynes RE. (2018). FARAD Digest: Consequences of fipronil exposure in egg-laying hens. J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. 253(1):57-60, 2018. [PMID: 29911954]
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2018
Citation:
Gorden PJ, Burchard M, Ydstie JA, Kleinhenz MD, Wulf LW, Rajewski SJ, Wang C, Gehring R, Mochel JP, Coetzee JF. Comparison of milk and plasma pharmacokinetics of meloxicam in postpartum versus mid-lactation Holstein cows. J Vet Pharmacol Ther. 41(3):463-468, 2018. [PMID: 29430684]
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2018
Citation:
Gorden PJ, Kleinhenz MD, Wulf LW, Rajewski SJ, Wang C, Gehring R, Coetzee JF. Comparative plasma and interstitial fluid pharmacokinetics of flunixin meglumine and ceftiofur hydrochloride following individual and co-administration in dairy cows. J Vet Pharmacol Ther. 41(1):76-82, 2018. [PMID: 28731206]
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2017
Citation:
Sidhu PK, Gehring R, Mzyk DA, Marmulak T, Tell LA, Baynes RE, Vickroy TW, Riviere JE. "Avoiding violative flunixin meglumine residues in cattle and swine." J Am Vet Med Assoc. 250: 2: 182-189, 2017.
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2018
Citation:
Li M, Gehring R, Riviere JE, Lin Z. (2018). Probabilistic physiologically based pharmacokinetic model for penicillin G in
milk from dairy cows following intramammary or intramuscular administrations. Toxicological Sciences, 164(1): 85-100. [PMID: 29945226]
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Progress 09/01/15 to 08/31/16
Outputs Target Audience:FARAD's immediate clients are practicing veterinarians, regulators and extension officers, but it ultimately protects the food consuming public and contributes to human Public Health by equipping these professionals with the best science available. Changes/Problems:
Nothing Reported
What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?This project directly supports one PhD graduate student, and partially supported three post-doctoral fellows. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?See data above on call center and internet access which is the primary route for information dissemination for FARAD. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?
Nothing Reported
Impacts What was accomplished under these goals?
FARAD has continued to operate its telephone hot-line and e-mail access systems throughout all of 2016. The regional access centers answeredspecific inquiries (entailing multiple drugs/contaminants;). The majority of these calls now come in over the internet rather than telephone. This volume is a 13% -26% increase over previous years. In the past, the majority of calls have been for dairy and beef cattle, followed by poultry, goats, swine, and sheep. Depending on species, each request may impact either a single animal or large herds or flocks. Situations leading to concerns about violative residues, ranged from intentional extralabel drug use for therapeutic purposes to accidental exposure and unavoidable exposure due to environmental accidents. In addition to specific cases that were submitted to the hot-line, users sought general information on drug and residue avoidance. The reasons for calls are very diverse and range from "ordinary requests" for drug withdrawal recommendations (related to extra-label drug use or accidental drug overdoses) to "extraordinary requests", which in the past have included pesticide and contaminant exposures (e.g, oil products spilled from freight trains), as well as disasters such as hurricanes on the US East Coast and the Fukushima nuclear disaster in Japan. The number of animals involved with each call can be quite substantial. During the report period, there were 50,377 unique visits to the FARAD website (daily average of 138 visits), which represents a net increase of 23.5% over the previous year. While 80.3% of website visits originated from IP addresses located within the United States, visits were logged from 153 separate countries, a slight increase over the previous year. In addition to the United States, other countries included in the top ten total visitors (high to low) were Canada, India, United Kingdom, Australia, Philippines, Germany, Taiwan, China and Mexico. The total number of page visits on www.farad.org increased by 29% over the previous year to 284,714 total page visits.Once again, the most highly-visited page was VetGRAM, with nearly 113,386 aggregate visits which represented a 28% increase over the previous year. Although these data reveal continued high volume of traffic on VetGRAM (> 310 page visits per day), overall use of VetGRAM has grown even more substantially with ever-increasing numbers of installs of our free VetGRAM apps for smart phones, including one for Android phones (866 downloads - 111 new this year) and a newly-released iPhone app with 43 downloads. Other highly viewed pages on the FARAD website included the Withdrawal Interval (WDI) Recommendation Lookup (58,178 visits - up 23%), the Withdrawal Date Calculator (27,041 visits - down 10%), the Restricted and Prohibited Drugs page (10,871 visits - up 16%) and Extra-Label Drug Use information page (7,608 visits - up 80%). The primary focus of KSU's work was to answer FARAD calls every third week, and develop physiologically-based pharmacokinetic and population pharmacokinetic models for selected drugs to predict tissue and milk residues in target populations. KSU also provided pharmacokinetic analysis services for all FARAD collaborators. The publications listed above document this productivity. Another focus area was to formalize the theoretical underpinnings of our pharmacokinetic models and algorithms through rigorous review and publication in the scientific literature . Finally, a full-time database developer was hired to continue work on the global database of veterinary products approved for food-producing animals.
Publications
|