Source: PURDUE UNIVERSITY submitted to
ECONOMIC, POLICY, AND LIFE CYCLE ANALYSIS OF RENEWABLE ENERGY ALTERNATIVES
Sponsoring Institution
National Institute of Food and Agriculture
Project Status
COMPLETE
Funding Source
HATCH
Reporting Frequency
Annual
Accession No.
1006708
Grant No.
(N/A)
Cumulative Award Amt.
(N/A)
Proposal No.
(N/A)
Multistate No.
(N/A)
Project Start Date
Oct 1, 2015
Project End Date
Oct 18, 2019
Grant Year
(N/A)
Program Code
[(N/A)]- (N/A)
Project Director
Tyner, WA.
Recipient Organization
PURDUE UNIVERSITY
(N/A)
WEST LAFAYETTE,IN 47907
Performing Department
Agricultural Economics
Non Technical Summary
Again, I will describe the rationale and significance separately for the three areas. In previous research, we have shown that solar energy can be economically viable without subsidy if it has a level playing field with coal based electric power in Indiana. The level playing field involves removing the solar tax credit (not available to coal power), enabling depreciation of solar investments (available to coal power), and adding a carbon tax on coal power. Thus, solar power has significant potential to develop in the US with policy and institutional arrangements in place conducive to solar development. In this research, we will evaluate and develop effective mechanisms to increase solar deployment. Having these mechanisms in place will permit greater renewable energy penetration and reduce our nation's carbon footprint. The greatest potential for future biofuels development is in the aviation sector because other options to reduce greenhouse gas emissions are not available in aviation. Both the military and civil aviation sectors have expressed great interest in aviation biofuels. In this research, we will evaluate the economic viability of different pathways and the impact of alternative government policies that could support aviation biofuels. Reducing risk for private sector investors is key, so we will evaluate the risk reduction impact of different government policy alternatives. Measuring land use change induced by biofuels has improved significantly over the past five years. However, one area that needs more work is better estimating what happens on the intensive margin (double cropping, etc.) when commodity prices increase. That is what we will accomplish in this research. With a better handle on the changes on the intensive margin, we will be able to more accurately estimate induced land use changes due to a biofuel shock. The evidence suggests that a significant fraction of the change over the past decade was on the intensive margin, so better incorporating that evidence likely will reduce total land use impacts. That is very important to estimating the total GHG impacts of biofuels
Animal Health Component
100%
Research Effort Categories
Basic
(N/A)
Applied
100%
Developmental
(N/A)
Classification

Knowledge Area (KA)Subject of Investigation (SOI)Field of Science (FOS)Percent
6056110301040%
6056120301025%
6106110301035%
Knowledge Area
605 - Natural Resource and Environmental Economics; 610 - Domestic Policy Analysis;

Subject Of Investigation
6110 - Economy of the United States and sectors thereof; 6120 - International economy and sectors thereof;

Field Of Science
3010 - Economics;
Goals / Objectives
The three objectives follow directly from the problem statement:1) Develop new contractual, institutional, and policy mechanisms that can improve deployment of solar and wind energy.2) Estimate the economics, life cycle GHG emissions, and long-run potential for aviation biofuels from a wide range of feedstocks and conversion technologies.3) Modify GTAP so that it better handles land use change at the intensive margin, and calibrate the model parameters to the actual changes that have occurred over the past decade.
Project Methods
Obj1:In prior research we have shown that the economic viability of solar energy depends critically on the tax rules applicable to the solar investment.Leasing has taken off in California partly because California electricity prices are quite high but also because solar leasing companies have been able to offer attractive options to homeowners.Leasing companies can depreciate the solar investment whereas homeowners cannot.In work on Indiana we show that solar is much more attractive for businesses that can depreciate the solar investment than for homeowners who cannot.This prior research was done using stochastic techno-economic analysis with Excel spreadsheets being used to develop the models and with the add-in @Risk to handle the uncertainty.We will use a similar approach in future work.In addition, we will bring in data on solar isolation and historic electricity prices by hour to enable us to explore the impacts of different contracting mechanisms and different approaches to net metering.For some of the future research, the simulations will need to be done on an hourly basis instead of an annual basis as was done previously.We will explore the possibility of including real options in the research plan as wellBecause non-profits cannot take advantage of any of the tax benefits,we will explore mechanisms to permit entities with tax appetite to make the initial investment and be paid by non-profits on terms similar to a lease.The term equity-swap also is sometimes used for these arrangements.Our prior research and communications with Rural Electric Cooperatives suggest that these innovative financing mechanisms will be key to obtaining more rapid solar deployment.We will also explore the impacts of alternative means of implementing net metering on the economics of solar systems.This activity also will include examination of ways to include measures of the costs solar users impose on the overall system, so as to develop net metering systems that make sense both from a systems perspective and from the perspective of a solar user.We will also examine other policy options such as a carbon tax on grid electricity.Obj2:The stochastic techno-economic analysis is an input to the ICAO/AFTF work and also part of our general assessment of aviation biofuel economics and policy options.For the stochastic techno-economic analysis, we will develop techno-economic spreadsheets for each conversion pathway.These will be done using the Palisade Systems Excel add-in called @Risk.Normally, key parameters will be identified for the risk analysis.For example, in a recent study of the corn stover to jet pathway, the key uncertain variables were feedstock cost, conversion efficiency(yield),hydrogen cost, capital cost, and future aviation biofuel prices.Sometimes the Delphi technique is used to query experts for distribution parameters.Other sources include data from experiments conducted in the field or from the literature.The output of the risk analysis is the distribution of net present value(NPV),internal rate of return(IRR),and the probability the investment will lose money.In addition, we will estimate the distribution of breakeven prices for each pathway and then conduct stochastic dominance on the breakeven price distributions.Being able to provide a distribution of financial outputs is immensely valuable to private sector investors and other players.The analysis outputs can also be used to help target future research to areas where the research outcome could be expected to have a high payoff.We also will be able to use the stochastic approach to estimate distributions of expected GHG emissions for each candidate pathway.Conversion efficiency affects the amount of products produced and associated GHG emissions.By incorporating uncertainty in conversion efficiency, we will be able to translate that into corresponding GHG emissions uncertainty.Obj3:Induced or indirect land use change due to biofuel production is often evaluated using what are called computable general equilibrium(CGE)models.One model that has been widely used is the Global Trade Analysis Project(GTAP)model developed at Purdue University[5-7,16,17,19-22].This model has been modified to trace allocation of land resources (including forest, pasture and cropland) by country and Agro-ecological Zone(AEZ)at the global scale and to model biofuel industry interaction with other economic activities.We begin discussion on induced land use changes by explaining the logic behind the land use changes induced by an increase in demand for an agricultural commodity for production of biofuels.When there is an increase in demand for a commodity(e.g.,maize,rapeseed,etc.),that demand increase causes an increase in the price of the commodity unless the commodity supply is perfectly elastic.The price increase causes some combination of five market mediated responses:With a higher price, consumption normally would fall.With a higher price for this commodity, there can be switching among crops so that more of this crop is produced and less of other crops.With a higher demand for this commodity, more cropland can be needed to meet that increased demand, and this cropland can come from pasture or forest converted to cropland.This is referred to as a change on the extensive margin.With the higher commodity demand, the existing cropland might be farmed more intensively such as via double cropping or irrigation or other investments in increased productivity.This is referred to as a change on the intensive margin.An increase in intensive margin on existing cropland reduces demand for land conversion(from either forest or pasture to cropland).With higher demand for this commodity for biofuels, there can be impacts on international trade of the commodity and of other substitution commodities.The greatest weakness in the GTAP model and other CGE models is in their handling of changes on the intensive margin.Part of the reason for this has been lack of data on things like change in irrigated area and double cropping.Recently, the distinction between irrigated and dryland crop production has been added to GTAP[15].However, double cropping is not something that has been explicitly included in GTAP or other similar models.Recent work by Babcock and Iqbal[2]has provided estimates of the extent to which the increase in global harvested area has come from double cropping(a factor which affects the intensive margin significantly)and the extent to which it has come from land conversion.This work was made possible by the substantial increase in global harvested area (about 40 million hectares) since 2006[18,24].What Babcock and Iqbal did was to try to estimate what fraction of that increase was due to double (or triple) cropping.They concluded that a substantial portion of the increase was from double cropping.What we propose to do is to add to GTAP the capacity to handle much better this part of the intensive margin, similar to previous work by Taheripour and Tyner on the ETA parameter in GTAP[19][22].We will introduce a new regionalized parameter to explicitly introduce changes at the intensive margin such as double cropping into the GTAP data base.We will call this parameter IMF (intensive margin factor), which would represent the extent of changes at the intensive margin that have been observed by region.The model will be restructured to introduce the impact of IMF on the yield price elasticity(YDEL)parameter[9].If a region has shown no increase in double cropping or other changes at the intensive margin, then the IMF would not affect YDEL, and the standard yield response would apply.If a region had shown a significant degree of intensive margin changes such as double cropping, then the IMF parameter will serve to revise the initial values of YDEL depending on the magnitude of change.Thus, we would be able to calibrate the model to the actual experience in changes in planted area over the past decade.

Progress 10/01/15 to 10/18/19

Outputs
Target Audience:Federal and state legislators and public policy leaders in government agencies includinng EPA, USDA, and DOE. Changes/Problems:This project is being terminated due to the very untimely death of Dr. Tyner. Just prior to his death, he was elected in July 2019 a Fellow in the Agricultural and Applied Economics Association for his long, productive research and educational career in public policy. What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?Unfortunately, Dr. Tyner passed away very unexpectedly in September 2019. His graduate students have been reassigned to other fauclty to help them complete the research that they initiated under Dr. Tyner. His death was a tremendous loss to nationally focused research on biofuelds and related natural resource policy. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest? Nothing Reported What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals? Nothing Reported

Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals? The focus on Dr. Tyner's research waas biofuels and land use policy. He also contributed to work on the impacts of establishing rural broadband connectivity in Indiana. He reported that broadband would be especially beneficial to imporved health care in rural Indiana.

Publications

  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Pe�a-L�vano, L. M., Taheripour, F., & Tyner, W. E. (2019). Correction to: Climate Change Interactions with Agriculture, Forestry Sequestration, and Food Security. Environmental & Resource Economics, 74(2), 677-678.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Vora, A. P., Jin, X., Hoshing, V., Shaver, G., Varigonda, S., & Tyner, W. E. (2019). Integrating battery degradation in a cost of ownership framework for hybrid electric vehicle design optimization. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering, 233(6), 1507-1523.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Chepeliev, M., Tyner, W. E., & van der Mensbrugghe, D. (2019). Possible Implications for US Agriculture of US Trade Policies: SmootHawley All Over Again?. Choices, 34(316-2019-2316), 1-8.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Chepeliev, M., Tyner, W. E., & van der Mensbrugghe, D. (2019). How Differing Trade Policies May Impact US Agriculture: The Potential Economic Impacts of TPP, USMCA, and NAFTA. USMCA, and NAFTA (February 2019).
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Zhao, X., van der Mensbrugghe, D. Y., Keeney, R. M., & Tyner, W. E. (2019). Improving the way land use change is handled in economic models. Economic Modelling.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Chepeliev, M., Tyner, W., & van der Mensbrugghe, D. (2019). Agricultural Export Impacts of USMCA vs NAFTA plus Other Tariff Changes.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Taheripour, F., Richards, P., & Tyner, W. E. (2019). Trade War: Global land use implications of Chinese tariffs on US agricultural products.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: Chepeliev, M., Tyner, W. E., & van der Mensbrugghe, D. (2018). How US Agriculture Will Fare Under the USMCA and Retaliatory Tariffs.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: Taheripour, F., Zhao, X., & Tyner, W. (2018). Modeling land use in large scale global computable general equilibrium models: Preserving physical area of land.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Herath, N., & Tyner, W. E. (2019). Intended and unintended consequences of US renewable energy policies. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 115, 109385.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Pe�a-L�vano, L. M., Taheripour, F., & Tyner, W. E. (2019). Climate change interactions with agriculture, forestry sequestration, and food security. Environmental and Resource Economics, 74(2), 653-675.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Taheripour, F., & Tyner, W. (2019). Renewable Fuel Standard: Implications for Land Use Changes in Malaysia and Indonesi
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Chepeliev, M., Tyner, W., & van der Mensbrugghe, D. (2019). The United States Trade Policies in the Twenty First Century and Impacts for Domestic Agriculture.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: Taheripour, F., Scott, D., & Tyner, W. E. (2018). Evolutions in US crop and livestock sectors: Implications for estimating biofuels induced land use changes.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Grant, A., Tyner, W. E., & DeBoer, L. P. (2019). Economic and Policy Analysis of Potential Deployment of Rural Broadband in Indiana.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Levano, L. M. P., Taheripour, F., & Tyner, W. (2019). Global economic and environmental outcome of livestock sector and climate change.


Progress 10/01/17 to 09/30/18

Outputs
Target Audience:Target audiences include: researchers, government officials, private sector officials related to energy and agriculture, members and staffs of Congress and state legislators, media, and the general public. Tyner has made use of the media to reach many of these audiences. In addition, he regularly communicates with private and public sector officials interested in the sector. Changes/Problems: Nothing Reported What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?We have had six graduate students in our research group this year. Farzad Taheripour is a Research Assoicate Professor. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?The project outputs for 2017/18 included journal articles, extension publications, conference presentations, media interviews and reporting, and graduate student research. Tyner has made numerous presentations to local, regional, national, and international audiences. He has done Congressional staff briefings and communicated with lay audiences on energy and climate change topics. He has been widely quoted in print and electronic media. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?Our group will continue to do research in the areas related to the project goals. We will also continue to communicate the results of the research to a wide variety of audiences.

Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals? Many of the journal papers and book chapter listed in publications relate to the objectives of this project. There was one paper on stochastic techno-economic analysis, There were four papers related to land use change and three papers related to biofuel economics and policy. In addition, Tyner and Taheripour have given numerous presentations at international, national, and regional meetings this year. Tyner has done well over 100 media interviews for this reporting period.

Publications

  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2017 Citation: Brookes, Graham, Farzad Taheripour, and Wallace E. Tyner (2017). The contribution of glyphosate to agriculture and potential impact of restrictions on use at the global level. GM Crops and Food 8(4), 216-228.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2017 Citation: Becerra-Perez, Luis, Luis F. Lopez-Reyes, and Wallace E. Tyner (2017). Characteristics that Influence Technical Efficiency of Corn Production in Mexico. Journal of Economics and Development Studies 5(3), pp. 22-29.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: Soldavini, Sabrinna, and Wallace E. Tyner (2018). Determining Switchgrass Breakeven Prices in a Landscape Design System. Bioenergy Research 11: 191-208. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12155-017-9888-6
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: Chen, Rui, Zhangcai Qin, Jeongwoo Han, Michael Wang, Farzad Taheripour, Wallace E. Tyner, Don OConnor, James Duffield (2018). Life cycle energy and greenhouse gas emission effects of biodiesel in the United States with induced land use change impacts. Bioresource Technology 251, pp. 249-258, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2017.12.031.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: McGarvey, Elspeth, and Wallace E. Tyner (2018). A Stochastic Techno-Economic Analysis of the Catalytic Hydrothermolysis Aviation Biofuel Technology. Biofuels, Bioproducts, & Biorefining DOI: 10.1002/bbb.1863.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: Bir, Courtney, Nathanael M. Thompson, Wallace E. Tyner, Jiaying Hu, and Nicole J.O. Widmar (2018). Cracking Into the Debate About Laying Hen Housing. Poultry Science. http://dx.doi.org/10.3382/ps/pey017
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: Tyner, Wallace E., and Nisal Herath (2018). Energy Economics. Applied Economic Perspectives and Policy 40(1), pp.174-186, doi: 10.1093/aepp/ppx050.
  • Type: Book Chapters Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: Taheripour Farzad, Hao Cui, and Wallace E. Tyner (2018) The Economics of Biofuels, In G. Cramer, K.P. Paudel, and A. Schmitz, eds., Routledge Handbook of Agricultural Economics, Abingdon, UK: Routledge, pp. 19-37.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: Lira, Steve, and Wallace E. Tyner (2018). Patterns of cover crop use, adaption, and impacts among Indiana farmers. Journal of Crop Improvement, 32(3), pp 373-386.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: Ouraich, Ismail, Hasan Dudu, Wallace E. Tyner, and Erol H. Cakmak (2018). Agriculture, trade, and climate change adaptation: a global CGE analysis for Morocco and Turkey. The Journal of North African Studies, https://doi.org/10.1080/13629387.2018.1463847.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: Taheripour, Farzad, and Wallace E. Tyner (2018). Reply to Oladosu and Kline. Biofuels DOI: 10.1080/17597269.2018.1476241.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: Taheripour, Farzad, and Wallace E. Tyner (2nd quarter, 2018). Impacts of Possible Chinese 25% tariff on U.S. Soybeans and Other Agricultural Commodities. Choices 33(2).


Progress 10/01/16 to 09/30/17

Outputs
Target Audience:Target audiences include: researchers, government officials, private sector officials related to energy and agriculture, members and staffs of Congress and state legislators, media, and the general public. Tyner has made use of the media to reach many of these audiences. In addition, he regularly communicates with private and public sector officials interested in the sector. Changes/Problems: Nothing Reported What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?We have involved six graduate students and one post doc in the research group this year. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?The project outputs for 2016/17include journal articles, extension publications, conference presentations, media interviews and reporting, and graduate student research. Tyner has made numerous presentations to local, regional, national, and international audiences. He has done Congressional staff briefings and communicated with lay audiences on energy and climate change topics. He has been widely quoted in print and electronic media. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?Our group will continue to do research in the areas related to the project goals. We will also continue to communicate the results of the research to a wide variety of audiences.

Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals? Most of the journal paper included in the publications section represent accomplishments under these goals. Specifically there were paper published on stochastic techno-economic analysis of different biofuel pathways and several papers and book chapter related to induced land use change analysis.

Publications

  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2016 Citation: Mahaffey, Harry, Farzad Taheripour, and Wallace E. Tyner. Evaluating the Economic and Environmental Impacts of a Global GMO Ban. Journal of Environmental Protection 7 (2016), pp.1522-1546.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2017 Citation: Bann, Seamus J., Robert Malina, Pooja Suresh, Matthew Pearlson, Wallace E. Tyner, James I. Hileman, and Steven Barrett. The costs of production of alternative jet fuel: A harmonized stochastic assessment. Bioresource Technology 227 (2017), 179-187.
  • Type: Book Chapters Status: Published Year Published: 2017 Citation: Taheripour, F., Cui, H., & Tyner, W. E. (2017). An Exploration of Agricultural Land use Change at the Intensive and Extensive Margins: Implications for Biofuels Induced Land Use Change. In Z. Qin, U. Mishra, & A. Hastings (Eds.), Bioenergy and Land Use Change: American Geophysical Union (Wiley).
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2017 Citation: Yao, Guolin, Mark D. Staples, Robert Malina, and Wallace E. Tyner. Stochastic techno-economic analysis of alcohol-to-jet fuel production. Biotechnology for Biofuels 10:18 (2017), 13 pages.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2017 Citation: Opgrand, Jeffrey J., Nicole J. Widmar, and Wallace E. Tyner. Economic viability of lime-treated stover in finishing beef cattle diets. The Professional Animal Scientist 33:73-84 (2017).
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2017 Citation: Taheripour, Farzad, and Wallace E. Tyner. The Impact of Considering Land Intensification and Updated Data on Biofuels Land Use Change and Emissions Estimates. Biotechnology for Biofuels (2017) 10:19, 16 pages. ,DOI 10.1186/s13068-017-0877-y.
  • Type: Book Chapters Status: Published Year Published: 2017 Citation: Taheripour, F., & Tyner, W. E. (2017). What Would Happen if We Don't Have GMO Traits? In A. Schmitz, P. L. Kennedy, & T. G. Schmitz (Eds.), World Agricultural Resources and Food Security (Volume 17 (FEG)): Emerald.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2017 Citation: Perkis, David F., and Wallace E. Tyner. Developing a Cellulosic Aviation Biofuel Industry in Indiana: A Market and Logistics Analysis. Energy, 2017.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2017 Citation: :Olynk Widmar NJ, DominickSR, Tyner WE, Ruple A (2017) When is genetic modification socially acceptable? When used to advance human health through avenues other than food. PLoS ONE 12(6): e0178227.https://doi.org/10.1371/journal. pone.0178227
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2017 Citation: Olynk Widmar NJ, Dominick, SR, Ruple A, Tyner WE (2017) The influence of health concerns on travel plans with focus on the Zika virus in 2016. Preventive Medicine Reports.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2017 Citation: Vora, Ashish P.; Jim, Xing; Hoshing, Vaiddi; Saha, Tridib; Shaver, Gregory; Varigonda, Subbarao; Wasynczuk, Oleg; Tyner, Wallace E. (2017). Design space exploration for series hybrid plug-in electric vehicles for medium duty truck applications in a total cost of ownership framework. Applied Energy.


Progress 10/01/15 to 09/30/16

Outputs
Target Audience:Target audiences include: researchers, government officials, private sector officials related to energy and agriculture, members and staffs of Congress and state legislators, media, and the general public. Tyner has made use of the media to reach many of these audiences. In addition, he regularly communicates with private and public sector officials interested in the sector. This year he testified before a Congressional committee on the Renewable Fuel Standard. Changes/Problems: Nothing Reported What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?There have been6 graduate students and one post doc working in areas related to this project. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?We published several extension papers and extension journal articles. In addition, Tyner makes use of media to disseminate results. He has been quoted in hundreds of media outlets. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?We will continue to advance our work on aviation biofuels. We also expect to do more work on the linkages between climate change, land use change and impacts of climate change on the food/fiber systems.

Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals? The project outputs include journal articles, extension publications, conference presentations, media interviews and reporting,graduate student research, National Academy of Science committee, and testimony before a Congressional committee. Tyner has made numerous presentations to local, regional, national, and international audiences. He has donebriefings for staff in legislative and executive branches and communicated with lay audiences on energy and climate change topics. He has been widely quoted in print and electronic media. The published research covered several different areas, and new information was produced in each area: stochastic techno-economic ananysis ofdifferent biofuel pathways - adding uncertainty provides much more information on the economics of the biofuel pathways. Tyner is a member of the US delegation of the International Civil Aviation Organization Alternative Fuels Task Force. He leads the induced land use change sub-group of that task force, and Purdue research is contributing significantly to the analysis.

Publications

  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2015 Citation: Zhao, Xin, Tristin R. Brown, and Wallace E. Tyner. Stochastic techno-economic evaluation of cellulosic biofuel pathways. Bioresource Technology 198 (2015), pp.755-763.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2015 Citation: Hertel, Thomas W., Jevgenijs Steinbuks, and Wallace E. Tyner. What is the Social Value of Second Generation Biofuels? Applied Economic Perspectives and Policy, doi:10.1093/aepp/ppv027 (2015).
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2015 Citation: Taheripour, Farzad, and Wallace E. Tyner. Measuring the Economic and Environmental Impacts of Using Shale Oil and Gas Resources: A Computable General Equilibrium Modeling Approach. Advances in Economics and Business 3(11): 479-495, 2015.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2016 Citation: Taheripour, Farzad, Julie Fiegel, and Wallace E. Tyner. Development of Corn Stover Biofuel: Impacts on Corn and Soybean Markets and Crop Rotation. Sustainable Agriculture Research 5 (1) (2016).
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2016 Citation: Kumar, Indraneel, Wallace E. Tyner, Kumares C. Sinha. Input-output live cycle environmental assessment of greenhouse gas emissions from utility scale wind energy in the United States. Energy Policy 89 (2016) 294-301.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2016 Citation: Sesmero, Juan, Jinho Jung, Wallace E. Tyner. The effect of current and prospective policies on photovoltaic system economics: An application to the US Midwest. Energy Policy 93: 80-95, 2016.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2016 Citation: Bonner, Ian J., Gabe McNunn, Wallace E. Tyner, Joshua Leirer, Dave J. Muth Jr., Maxine Dakins. Development of integrated bioenergy production systems using precision-conservation and multi-criteria decision analysis techniques. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation 71(3), pp. 182-193.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2016 Citation: Zhao Xin, Yao Guolin, Tyner Wallace E. Quantifying breakeven price distributions in stochastic techno-economic analysis. Applied Energy. 2016;183:318-26.
  • Type: Book Chapters Status: Published Year Published: 2015 Citation: de Carvalho Macedo, I., Andre M. Nassar, Annette L. Cowie, Joaquim E.A. Seabra, Luisa Marelli, Martina Otto, Michael Q. Wang, and Wallace E. Tyner. Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Bioenergy (chapter 17), in Bioenergy and Sustainability: bridging the gaps, G.M. Souza, et al., Editors. 2015, Scientific Committee on Problems of the Environment (SCOPE): Paris. p. 582-616.
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2016 Citation: ORear, Eric G., and Wallace E. Tyner. Countering falling fuel tax revenue with mileage fees. ITS International, March-April 2016, http://www.itsinternational.com/categories/charging-tolling/features/countering-falling-fuel-tax-revenue-with-mileage-fees/