Source: PURDUE UNIVERSITY submitted to NRP
THE PURDUE DOCTOR OF VETERINARY MEDICINE (DVM) MSP: INCREASING DIVERSITY AND INTERCULTURAL COMPETENCE WITHIN THE VETERINARY PROFESSION
Sponsoring Institution
National Institute of Food and Agriculture
Project Status
COMPLETE
Funding Source
Reporting Frequency
Annual
Accession No.
1006436
Grant No.
2015-38413-23558
Cumulative Award Amt.
$200,000.00
Proposal No.
2014-10179
Multistate No.
(N/A)
Project Start Date
May 1, 2015
Project End Date
Apr 10, 2020
Grant Year
2015
Program Code
[KF]- Multicultural Scholars
Recipient Organization
PURDUE UNIVERSITY
(N/A)
WEST LAFAYETTE,IN 47907
Performing Department
Veterinary Administration
Non Technical Summary
The 2015 PVM MSP Non-Technical Summary: At Purdue University College of Veterinary Medicine (PVM), increasing diversity and inclusion is a strategic plan priority. Designed to align well with the goals of the Higher Education Multicultural Scholars Program, the proposal's goals are to graduate a cohort of 5 MSP Scholars well-positioned for success by having highly-developed communication skills, intercultural expertise, effective leadership skills, and national and international experiences enabling them to positively contribute to our global veterinary workforce in agriculture. Farm Bill Priority Areastargeted are 1) Animal Health and Animal Production; and 2) Food Safety, Nutrition, and Health. Specifically, we propose to (a) increase the diversity and intercultural competence of Purdue veterinary students by recruiting and graduating a cohort of 5 multicultural USDA MSP Scholars; (b) engage DVM students in transformational learning experiences including leadership and professional development opportunities by delivering nine specific programmatic pieces over the four year DVM curriculum; (c) provide SELs that enhance on-campus learning through off-campus experiences which facilitate entry into veterinary careers in USDA NIFA priority areas, such as food animal medicine, government, food safety and security, research, animal welfare, and underserved communities; and (d) collect appropriate performance measures and evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed PVM MSP 2015 program.
Animal Health Component
(N/A)
Research Effort Categories
Basic
(N/A)
Applied
(N/A)
Developmental
(N/A)
Classification

Knowledge Area (KA)Subject of Investigation (SOI)Field of Science (FOS)Percent
3110199106050%
3150199106050%
Goals / Objectives
The 2015 PVM MSP Major Goals are to (1) increase the diversity and intercultural competence of Purdue veterinary students by recruiting and graduating a cohort of 5 multicultural USDA MSP Scholars; (2) engage DVM students in transformational learning experiences including leadership and professional development opportunities by delivering nine specific programmatic pieces over the four year DVM curriculum; (3) provide SELs that enhance on-campus learning through off-campus experiences which facilitate entry into veterinary careers in USDA NIFA priority areas, such as food animal medicine, government, food safety and security, research, animal welfare, and underserved communities; and (4) collect appropriate performance measures and evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed PVM MSP 2015 program.
Project Methods
The 2015 PVM MSP Methods: PVM acknowledges that recruitment and retention of URVM groups is directly related to the presence of a critical mass, as well as a welcoming, inclusive climate. Scholars will be from African American, Asian/Pacific Islander, American Indian/Native Alaskan and Hispanic populations, groups historically/currently underrepresented in veterinary medicine.(a) Recruitment and selection. PVM will recruit nationally at career fairs at the annual meetings of the AAVMC, Minorities in Agriculture, Natural Resources and Related Sciences (MANRRS), National Association of Minority Medical Educators (NAMME), The Society for the Advancement of Chicanos and Native Americans in Science (SACNAS), as well as the annual Pre-Vet Symposium. Additionally, PVM faculty and administrators will utilize their strong working relationships with faculty at partner HBCUs such as Tuskegee University and North Carolina A&T University.The project directors will review applicants and select PVM MSP Scholars. (b) Scholar Program Requirements.Once selected, the PVM MSP Scholars are required to: 1) Develop a Professional Focus Profile or PFP, which maps an individualized academic plan; 2) Participate in individual IDI counseling; (3) Participate in the Scholars Roundtable;4) Participate in peer mentoring; 5) Complete PVM Center of Excellence Diversity and Inclusion Certificate; 6) Participate in the Veterinary Students as One in Culture and Ethnicity (VOICE) PVM student chapter activities; 7) Attend an Iverson Bell Symposium or Regional diversity summit; 8) Provide mentorship to P-12 and undergraduate students; 9) Expand communication skills by presenting to P-12 students; 10) Participate in a SEL experience (offered through a number of partnerships). (c) Program Assessment.Quantitative data will be gathered through student surveys and student metrics. Assessment findings will be compared with those of non-cohort students with similar backgrounds as a control group.An external review team will assess results and offer feedback regarding program effectiveness.

Progress 05/01/15 to 04/30/20

Outputs
Target Audience:Five underrepresented students in the Doctor of Veterinary medicine program at Purdue University. Students received formal classroom instruction, were exposed to experiential learning opportunities, engaged in monthly mentoring workshops to help advance their experience as a DVM student. Changes/Problems:Major changes include: The original project director (Dr. Kauline Cipriani) left Purdue and Dr. Sandra San Miguel was approved as the new Program director on 4/15/2018. Dr. Sandra San Miguel served in this role until the new Assistant Dean of Inclusive Excellence (formerly titled Assistant Dean of Diversity and Inclusion) joined Purdue in January 2019. Dr. Craig became the new Project Director in April 2019. In August of 2019, the original grant officer left their position at Purdue. With the various leadership changes, the transition process has been very challenging, but what remains true is the mission and goals of this grant. In spite of the various changes in leadership, the students have remained a priority and their needs were prioritized at every transitional phase. What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?All five of our scholars have developed their SELs with the input of all of the co-investigators listed on the grant (Drs. Willie Reed, Henry Green and Latonia Craig). Dr. Green in his role as the professional focus profile (pfp) advisor to the scholars, was particularly instrumental in assisting scholars chosen experiences that would achieve the following objectives: 1) allow the individual to explore areas of veterinary medicine in which she/he had an interest, 2) enable the scholar to get hands-on experience in an academic learning environment, 3) help the scholar build their written and oral communication skills by providing both written and oral reports about their experiences as a part of their professional focus profile. Complementary to the Diversity Certificate modules completed by all five scholars-the monthly mentor meetings also explored topics such as microaggressions (in the classroom, in the clinic); LGBTQ-friendly practices (for schools, colleges, and clinics) and cultural norms and practices that would affect how individuals approach and make decisions on care for their animals (eg. some religions are not accepting of euthanasia). During one-on-one sessions, mentorship/assistance was given to students in communicating research findings to persons of different professional backgrounds, best practices of technical writing, and public speaking in general. Additionally, the Assistant Dean of Diversity and Inclusive Excellence coordinated a trip to the AAVMC Iverson Bell Conference in Washington, DC. Regional and National Conference attendees were highly encouraged. Two of the five students attended the Association of American Veterinary Medical Colleges (AAVMC) Iverson Bell Symposium in Washington, DC and three of the five attended the Iverson Bell Midwest regional summit hosted at Purdue University in West Lafayette, IN. All five participants have attended either a regional/national conference. The conference is designed for faculty, staff and students to develop their cultural competency and support, a diverse and inclusive academic environment. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?All five scholars have presented their planned SEL experiences to peer groups and program advisors. The USDA/MSP program and student participants were also highlighted on the college website. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals? Nothing Reported

Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals? The overarching goal was to recruit, admit, matriculate and retain 5 DVM students from the Purdue University College of Veterinary Medicine (PVM). We are on target with our goal expectations- One student graduated last Spring 2019, three students are scheduled to graduate this spring (May 2020) and the last student is on schedule to graduate in Spring 2021 with high honors. Objective 1: Recruit and Retain all five doctor of veterinary medical students that were selected as scholars and encourage participation in a wide range of activities required by the program. One student left the program to pursue an alternate career, but this student was replaced in the Fall of 2018. All five students have met/or are meeting the requirements of the program through active participation and engagement. Objective 2: To deliver programmatic pieces as part of the PVM MSP program. All five students have enhanced their intercultural competency by maneuvering through the diversity certificate modules which is designed to increase awareness and intercultural competence of all Purdue Veterinary Medicine (PVM) student participants. One student completed their Certificate for Diversity and Inclusion in Veterinary Medicine. All five students are active members of the organization, Veterinarians as One Inclusive Community for Empowerment (VOICE); actively prepared and progressed through their roundtables comprised of all five scholars along with other peer groups. Group meetings were scheduled every month to discuss academic progress and challenges and all five scholars were required to attend. Students were engaged in their mentoring sessions and have developed a true sense of academic prowess as they reflect on upcoming courses and future opportunities. All five students also attended a regional or national Iverson Bell symposium where they were engaged in Diversity, Equity and Inclusion strategies and their role in serving as student mentors to other underrepresented DVM students. Objective 3: To provide an individualized SEL experience designed to foster interest in careers that impact the USDA NIFA mission and goals. Four of the Five students completed an SEL involving studying abroad. Students traveled to Thailand, Nambia, Zimbabwe and the Czech Republic. The Office of Global Engagement at the College of Veterinary Medicine has been resourceful with marketing their travel abroad opportunities and meeting with our scholas to discuss expectations or the trips. Study abroad activities have included assisting veterinarians with wildlife healthcare; elephant research and care; active participation in field research and exploring regional issues directly relevant to the human-animal-environment interface. The fifth student was scheduled to present a research poster presentation at the American Society for Investigative Pathology-Annual Meeting 2020 at Experimental Biology scheduled from April 3rd-April 7th, 2020. The poster presentation topic was on the research and associated findings achieved in Dr. Tiffany Lyles (project mentor) achieved in Dr. Lyle's blood-brain barrier laboratory where she worked in the summer of 2019. However, due to the COVID 19-pandemic, this meeting was canceled.

Publications


    Progress 05/01/15 to 04/10/20

    Outputs
    Target Audience:Five underrepresented students in the Doctor of Veterinary medicine program at Purdue University. Students received formal classroom instruction, were exposed to experiential learning opportunities, engaged in monthly mentoring workshops to help advance their experience as a DVM student. Changes/Problems:Major changes include: The original project director (Dr. Kauline Cipriani) left Purdue and Dr. Sandra San Miguel was approved as the new Program director on 4/15/2018. Dr. Sandra San Miguel served in this role until the new Assistant Dean of Inclusive Excellence (formerly titled Assistant Dean of Diversity and Inclusion) joined Purdue in January 2019. Dr. Craig became the new Project Director in April 2019. In August of 2019, the original grant officer left their position at Purdue. With the various leadership changes, the transition process has been very challenging, but what remains true is the mission and goals of this grant. In spite of the various changes in leadership, the students have remained a priority and their needs were prioritized at every transitional phase. What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?All five of our scholars have developed their SELs with the input of all of the co-investigators listed on the grant (Drs. Willie Reed, Henry Green and Latonia Craig). Dr. Green in his role as the professional focus profile (pfp) advisor to the scholars, was particularly instrumental in assisting scholars chosen experiences that would achieve the following objectives: 1) allow the individual to explore areas of veterinary medicine in which she/he had an interest, 2) enable the scholar to get hands-on experience in an academic learning environment, 3) help the scholar build their written and oral communication skills by providing both written and oral reports about their experiences as a part of their professional focus profile. Complementary to the Diversity Certificate modules completed by all five scholars-the monthly mentor meetings also explored topics such as microaggressions (in the classroom, in the clinic); LGBTQ-friendly practices (for schools, colleges, and clinics) and cultural norms and practices that would affect how individuals approach and make decisions on care for their animals (eg. some religions are not accepting of euthanasia). During one-on-one sessions, mentorship/assistance was given to students in communicating research findings to persons of different professional backgrounds, best practices of technical writing, and public speaking in general. Additionally, the Assistant Dean of Diversity and Inclusive Excellence coordinated a trip to the AAVMC Iverson Bell Conference in Washington, DC. Regional and National Conference attendees were highly encouraged. Two of the five students attended the Association of American Veterinary Medical Colleges (AAVMC) Iverson Bell Symposium in Washington, DC and three of the five attended the Iverson Bell Midwest regional summit hosted at Purdue University in West Lafayette, IN. All five participants have attended either a regional/national conference. The conference is designed for faculty, staff and students to develop their cultural competency and support, a diverse and inclusive academic environment. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?All five scholars have presented their planned SEL experiences to peer groups and program advisors. The USDA/MSP program and student participants were also highlighted on the college website. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals? Nothing Reported

    Impacts
    What was accomplished under these goals? The overarching goal was to recruit, admit, matriculate and retain 5 DVM students from the Purdue University College of Veterinary Medicine (PVM). We are on target with our goal expectations- One student graduated last Spring 2019, three students are scheduled to graduate this spring (May 2020) and the last student is on schedule to graduate in Spring 2021 with high honors. Objective 1: Recruit and Retain all five doctor of veterinary medical students that were selected as scholars and encourage participation in a wide range of activities required by the program. One student left the program to pursue an alternate career, but this student was replaced in the Fall of 2018. All five students have met/or are meeting the requirements of the program through active participation and engagement. Objective 2: To deliver programmatic pieces as part of the PVM MSP program. All five students have enhanced their intercultural competency by maneuvering through the diversity certificate modules which is designed to increase awareness and intercultural competence of all Purdue Veterinary Medicine (PVM) student participants. One student completed their Certificate for Diversity and Inclusion in Veterinary Medicine. All five students are active members of the organization, Veterinarians as One Inclusive Community for Empowerment (VOICE); actively prepared and progressed through their roundtables comprised of all five scholars along with other peer groups. Group meetings were scheduled every month to discuss academic progress and challenges and all five scholars were required to attend. Students were engaged in their mentoring sessions and have developed a true sense of academic prowess as they reflect on upcoming courses and future opportunities. All five students also attended a regional or national Iverson Bell symposium where they were engaged in Diversity, Equity and Inclusion strategies and their role in serving as student mentors to other underrepresented DVM students. Objective 3: To provide an individualized SEL experience designed to foster interest in careers that impact the USDA NIFA mission and goals. Four of the Five students completed an SEL involving studying abroad. Students traveled to Thailand, Nambia, Zimbabwe and the Czech Republic. The Office of Global Engagement at the College of Veterinary Medicine has been resourceful with marketing their travel abroad opportunities and meeting with our scholas to discuss expectations or the trips. Study abroad activities have included assisting veterinarians with wildlife healthcare; elephant research and care; active participation in field research and exploring regional issues directly relevant to the human-animal-environment interface. The fifth student was scheduled to present a research poster presentation at the American Society for Investigative Pathology-Annual Meeting 2020 at Experimental Biology scheduled from April 3rd-April 7th, 2020. The poster presentation topic was on the research and associated findings achieved in Dr. Tiffany Lyles (project mentor) achieved in Dr. Lyle's blood-brain barrier laboratory where she worked in the summer of 2019. However, due to the COVID 19-pandemic, this meeting was canceled.

    Publications


      Progress 05/01/18 to 04/30/19

      Outputs
      Target Audience:Five underrepresented students in the Doctor of veterinary medicine program at Purdue University Changes/Problems:Dr. Latonia Craig, Assistant Dean for Diversity and Inclusion is the new Program Director on this project. What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?The Assistant Dean of Diversity coordinated a trip to the AAVMC Iverson Bell Conference in Washington, DC.Regional and National Conference attendances were highly encouraged. Two of the five students attended the Association of American Veterinary Medical Colleges (AAVMC) Iverson Bell Symposium in Washington, DC and three of the five attended the Iverson Bell Midwest regional summit hosted at Purdue University in West Lafayette, IN. All five participants have attended either a regional/national conference. The conference is designed for faculty, staff and students to develop their cultural competency and support a diverse and inclusive academic environment. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest? Nothing Reported What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?Drs. Craig, Green, SanMiguel and Reed will continue to mentor by fostering support for all five veterinary medical students and encouraging peer mentorship pairings as they matriculate towards graduation. On a macro level, programming will continue to be delivered and intentional efforts will be made to ensure that all students are receiving the support needed. Consultations that include one-on-one mentoring and group pairings will be scheduled monthly and PVM activities that meet the objectives of this project will be encouraged for students to attend. All scholars will also be championed to complete their certificates of Diversity and Inclusion in Veterinary Medicine.

      Impacts
      What was accomplished under these goals? Objective 1: Recruit and Retain all five doctor of veterinary medical students that were selected as scholars and encourage participation in a wide-range of activities required by the program. Objective 2: To deliver programmatic pieces as part of the PVM MSP program. Four out of five students are enhancing their intercultural competency by maneuvering through the diversity certificate modules which is designed to increase awareness and intercultural competence of all Purdue Veterinary Medicine (PVM) student participants. One student has completed her Certificate for Diversity and Inclusion in Veterinary Medicine. All five students are active members of the student organization, Veterinarians as One Inclusive Community for Empowerment (VOICE); actively prepared and progressed through their Professional Focus Profiles and all participate in mentoring offered by either Dr. Green, Dr. Craig, and Dr. SanMiguel. Monthly roundtables comprised of all five scholars along with other peer groups. Group meetings are scheduled every month to discuss academic progress and challenges. and all five scholars are required to attend. Students have been engaged in their mentoring session and have developed a true sense of academic prowess as they reflect on upcoming courses and future opportunities. Objective 3: To provide individualized SELs designed to foster interest in careers that impact the USDA NIFA mission and goals. Four students have completed an SEL involving study abroad. Students traveled to Thailand, Namibia, Zimbabwe and the Czech Republic. The Office of Global Engagement at the College of Purdue Veterinary Medicine has been resourceful with marketing their travel abroad opportunities and meeting with our scholars to discuss expectations for the trips. Study Abroad activities have included assisting veterinarians with wildlife healthcare; elephant research and care; active participation in field research and exploring regional issues directly relevant to the human-animal-environment interface.

      Publications


        Progress 05/01/17 to 04/30/18

        Outputs
        Target Audience:Five underrepresented students in the Doctor of veterinary medicine program at Purdue University Changes/Problems:Dr. Cipriani left Purdue and Dr. Sandra San Miguel was approved as the new Program Director on 4/15/2018. One student left the program to become a priest. Another student will join the program this Fall. What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?Program Directors and Participants attend and actively participate in a regional or national Iverson Bell Symposium which is designed for faculty, staff, and students to develop their cultural competency and support a diverse and inclusive academic environment. The 2018 regional summit was organized and hosted by Project Directors at Purdue University. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest? Nothing Reported What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?Drs. San Miguel, Reed, and Green will continue to mentor and support the five veterinary medical student scholars through graduation and beyond. All programmatic pieces will be delivered throughout the coming year, including monthly group roundtables and individual meetings. All scholars will be encouraged to complete their certificates Diversity and Inclusion in Veterinary Medicine. Scholars will be encouraged to pursue SELs including study abroad and research opportunities.

        Impacts
        What was accomplished under these goals? Five doctor of veterinary medical students were selected as scholars and required to participate in various activities as required by this program. Objective 1: To recruit and graduate 5 multicultural DVM students Four of our five original scholars, remain in the program. One student left the program to pursue an alternate career. A fifth student has been selected and will begin the program this Fall. Objective 2: To deliver programmatic pieces as part of the PVM MSP. The PVM MSP programmatic pieces have been continuously delivered with active participation by students. Of the four original students, one has completed her Certificate for Diversity and Inclusion in Veterinary Medicine. All four have actively participated in the student organization, Veterinarians as One Inclusive Community for Empowerment (VOICE); actively prepared and progressed through their Professional Focus Profiles and participated in mentoring by Dr. Green; completed their IDI counseling with Dr. Cipriani prior to her departure; attended a regional or national Iverson Bell symposium; participated in monthly roundtables with mentoring by peers, Dr. Reed, Dr. Green, and Dr. San Miguel; and mentored P-12 students through PVM's Boiler Vet Camps or This is How We "Role" Program. Objective 3: To provide an individualized SEL experience designed to foster interest in careers that impact the USDA NIFA mission and goals. All four original students have completed an SEL involving study abroad. Students traveled to Thailand, Namibia, Zimbabwe, and the Czech Republic.

        Publications


          Progress 05/01/16 to 04/30/17

          Outputs
          Target Audience:We recruited and filled the remaining 3 PVM USDA MSP positions. The target audience consisted of students of diverse racial/ethnic backgrounds who were seeking a DVM degree program. The three new Scholars are William Willis, Walter-John McGowan and Ezequiel Montanez-Rivera. Changes/Problems: Nothing Reported What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?As required, all 5Scholars particpated in the Iverson Bell Symposium in March 2017 at the Association of American Veterinary Colleges AAVMC Annual Meeting in Washington, DC. This conference is the premier meeting for academic veterinary medicine to discuss issues of diversity, inclusion and access specific to the profession. One of our Scholars, Mary-Ruth Jordan, participated in a panel on research experieinces at the Symposium. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest? Nothing Reported What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?(1) Present results of success of the PVM USDA MSP at 2 national meetings (2) Support Scholars during their Summer 2017 SEL activities (3) Support and encourage Scholars in their pursuit of leadership opportunitiesand/or training while they are still students

          Impacts
          What was accomplished under these goals? Progress occured as follows: Goal (1) we recruited and filled the remaining 3 MSP Scholar positions, so we are at our intended capacity of 5 Scholars (2) all 5 Scholars participated in required monthly meetings, were actively engaged in Veterinarians as One Inclusive Community for Empowerment (VOICE) and were active PVM Ambassadors.

          Publications


            Progress 05/01/15 to 04/30/16

            Outputs
            Target Audience:Two of the five PVM USDA MSP Scholar positions were assigned to RenéDelgado-Peraza and Mary-Ruth Jordan (both DVM Class of 2019). Both of these students represent URM groups (Hispanic/Latino and African-American respectively). Recruitment for 2016-2017 Scholar assignments occured nationally at recruiting events at the Annual meetings of the following organizations (1) National Association of Minority Medical Educators (NAMME),(2) Society for the Advancement of Chicanos/Hispanics and Native Americans in Science, (3) Association of American Veterinary Medical Colleges (AAVMC), (4) Tuskegee Veterinary Medical Symposium and (5) Minorities in Agriculture, Natural Resources and Related Sciences (MANRRS). Target audience at these recruiting events were students from diverse racial/ethnic backgrounds seeking to pursue the DVM degree. Changes/Problems: Nothing Reported What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?Opportunities for training: The Scholars are alsoPVM Ambassadors. These students assist with vet lessons taught weekly toafterschool care students (in grades K - 4th) at the local Hanna Community Center. These students come from diverse racial/ethnic backgrounds and often challenging socioeconomic backgrounds as well. Scholars were also attended the Midwest Regional Iverson Bell Diversity Summit in East Lansing, MI in May 2016. This Summit was co-hosted by the CVMs at Purdue and Michigan State, with the theme "Diversifying the Curriculum: Disability and Accessibility in Veterinary Medicine". How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest? Nothing Reported What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals? Fill the remaining 3 slots by August 2016 to achieve a full MSP cohort (of 5 students) Support the 2 current Scholars Summer 2016 SEL activities Plan for 3 new Scholars' Summer 2017 SEL activities Take all 5 Scholars to the Iverson Bell Symposium in March 2017, the premier conference in veterinary medicine which addresses diversity, inclusion, access and excellence.

            Impacts
            What was accomplished under these goals? IMPACT: The veterinary medical profession has distinguished itself as the "Whitest profession" in the U.S., and is the least diverse of all the health professions. Leaders in the profession, from both the academic and practitioner sectors, agree that this situation is much less ideal, and that the profession needs to become more diverse and more interculturally competent in order to meet the needs of an increasingly diverse population, as well asfunction effectively in what has become a global medical marketplace. Goal (1) - We recruited and matiriculated 2/5 multicultural USDA MSP Scholars to Purdue. Goal (2) - These 2 Scholars worked on several of the programmatic Scholar requirements during 2015-2016 academic year. They both a)initiated a Professional Focus Profile (PFP); b)participated fully in the monthly Scholars Roundtable; c) signed up for the online Diversity and Inclusion Certificate program; c) attended VOICE seminars and talks; d) joined the PVM Ambassadors group and attended K-4sessions at the Hanna Community Center

            Publications