DETECTION AND CONTROL OF PORCINE REPRODUCTIVE AND RESPIRATORY SYNDROME VIRUS AND EMERGING VIRAL DISEASES OF SWINE

• Sponsoring Institution: National Institute of Food and Agriculture
• Project Status: COMPLETE
• Funding Source: HATCH
• Reporting Frequency: Annual
• Accession No.: 1005996
• Multistate No.: NC-_old229
• Project Start Date: Mar 11, 2015
• Project End Date: Sep 30, 2019
• Program Code: [(N/A)]- (N/A)

Recipient Organization
PURDUE UNIVERSITY
(N/A)
WEST LAFAYETTE,IN 47907

Performing Department
Veterinary Comparative Pathobiology

Non Technical Summary
This is very essential and critical project for animal industry to secure healthy food supply for population.

Animal Health Component

(N/A)

Research Effort Categories

Basic

100%

Applied

(N/A)

Developmental

(N/A)

Classification

Knowledge Area (KA)	Subject of Investigation (SOI)	Field of Science (FOS)	Percent
311	3510	1101	100%

Knowledge Area
311 - Animal Diseases;

Subject Of Investigation
3510 - Swine, live animal;

Field Of Science
1101 - Virology;

Keywords

animals

infectious diseases

viruses

pedv

influenza

prrsv

Goals / Objectives
The overall objective for this five-year NC-229 project is to reduce the impact PRRS has on producers, and to assess the feasibility and financial acceptability of PRRS area control and/or elimination for producers. To that end, we focus on the following major points, which faithfully represent the current research priorities of the US swine industry (Pork Check off NPB) : 1.1) PRRSV Immunity and Vaccinology: understanding correlates of immunity and mechanisms to broaden protection, 1.2) PRRSV Epidemiology and Surveillance: understanding virus transmission and differential testing of animals (DIVA), 1.3). Economic Impact of Interventions: determining the economic benefit of vaccination in positive herds Develop effective and efficient approaches for detection, prevention and control of pressing viral diseases of swine of recent emergence, which includes the following: 2.1) Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus, 2.2) Swine Influenza Virus, 2.3) African Swine Fever, 2.4) Emerging serotypes of swine rotaviruses

Project Methods
Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) is not a new pathogen but a well-established enteric viral pathogen of swine, particularly in pre-weaning pigs, along with transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV). Since its first recognition in England, however, PED has not been considered economically significant in Europe and has disappeared from European swine populations. This perception was changed when PEDV spread to Asia where swine producers have been having serious productivity loss due to PEDV. US swine producers share the same devastating experience with PED like Asian producers since the disease emerged in late April of 2013. Despite PEDV has been known for a long time, scientific information in literature regarding pathogenesis, immuobiology and epidemiology which can aid in effective prevention and control of PED is spare. Even available information has a limited application/utility or has been proven to be not entirely correct when applied to the US situation. It is the focus of this particular sub-objective to get better and clear understanding on these fundamental knowledge toward devising effective and efficient prevention and control of PED.Effort will be made to standardize home-made PCR-based assays currently available using a set of samples form pigs with known infection status and also evaluate them on unconventional sample matrices such as oral fluid and environmental samples. 2. Development of antibody assays in various platforms will be sought out for characterization of immune responses, effective surveillance and assessing the immune status of animals and populations. A DIVA concept will be explored, if applicable, for future use. 3. Production of PEDV-specific monoclonal antibodies and establishment of a repository of representative PEDV isolates will be pursued. When necessary, collaboration with commercial entities will be pursued to have licensed assays.In this objective, factors influencing virus transmission within and between swine farms will be determined to reduce economic losses caused by viral diseases. Identifying the mechanisms by which these pathogens enter, circulate and persist in swine herds is a critical step to devising methods that effectively prevent, control and/or eliminate these diseases. 2.2a. Virus Evolution and Detection. Methods: The relationships between virus diversity and evolution with the ecology, epidemiology, and virulence properties of influenza A (IAV) virus in swine will be investigated, including viruses from under-sampled pig populations in North America, at local, regional or national scales. Epidemiologic and ecologic factors such as production system type, population immunity, age of susceptibility, seasonality, and polymicrobial interactions will be assessed to determine how influenza viruses are introduced and persist on farms and how are they moved within and between production systems and globally. The genetic or genomic bases for viral fitness or virulence will be investigated. 2.2b. Control by vaccination or other interventions. Methods: The effectiveness of current and novel practices for preventing IAV infection will be evaluated, identifying immune parameters that are correlates of heterologous protection with traditional and/or new vaccine platforms or evaluating new vaccine strategies such as those targeting different age groups or seasonal whole-herd vaccinations versus vaccinating breeding animals on production schedules. The extent that genetic diversity impacts antigenic diversity and suboptimal immunity contributes to evolution of influenza viruses in swine will be evaluated. Alternative interventions to prevent new introductions to swine herds will be investigated.The impact of human to swine, swine to human or other risk of interspecies transmission of IAV to swine will be assessed to define the ecological and genetic determinants for human seasonal viruses to periodically transmit to swine, the adaptations required for sustained transmission of human or avian viruses in swine, if humans can be asymptomatic carriers of swine influenza and contribute to the movement of swine influenza viruses, the risk factors for zoonotic transmission of influenza from swine to humans, and the genetic determinants or adaptations required for sustained transmission of swine viruses in humans.

Progress 03/11/15 to 09/30/19

Outputs
Target Audience:Swine veteranarians specialising in PRRS and similar diseases. Changes/Problems:Dr. Roman Pogranichniy resigned from Purdue University in mid-year 2019. What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided? Nothing Reported How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?See the list of publications. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals? Nothing Reported

Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals? Dr. Roman Pogranichniy resigned and left Purdue University for employment elsewhere mid-year.

Publications

• Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Gutman, S. N., Guptill, L. F., Moore, G. E., & Pogranichniy, R. M. (2019). Serologic investigation of exposure to influenza A virus H3N2 infection in dogs and cats in the United States. Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation, 31(2), 250-254.

Progress 10/01/17 to 09/30/18

Outputs
Target Audience:Swine producers, veterinarians, state oficials, others.. . Changes/Problems: Nothing Reported What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?I was able to train more than 120 swine veterinarians, state officials, scientists and swine producers on African swine fever. The topic that was presented: Biosecurity on swine farms in ASF endemic areas. Lessons learned. . Other topics were presented during workshops that I organized: African Swine Fever: epidemiology and risk assessment in Ukraine and molecular diagnostic tools ASF as a transboundary disease and role of biosecurity on swine farms to keep virus away Risk factors related to the introduction of ASFV, including feed and nutritional supplements. Issues with Biosecurity on commercial swine farms in Ukraine that could contribute to disease spread, including ASF. Disinfection and other considerations related to effective biosecurity on swine farms Requirements for farms with high biosecurity level and status of compartmentalization Advanced diagnostic methods for ASF Impact of distribution ASFV in back yard pigs and in meat markets Some of the information was published in scientific journals and websites for broad audience to review. Including Purdue University websites: How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?I was able to publish some results in a peer reviewed journal and present some of the information during meetings and workshops and websites. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?My plan is to continue working on projects related to PRRSV, influenza virus, ASF and unknown pathogens. I will focus on discovery of new viruses and biosecurity on farms to help farmers and swine producers.

Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals? We were able to identify new virus in swine that is very significant finding and publish this results. This virus potentially could be a major pathogens in swine. We report for the first time in the United States the identification of a swine pasivirus (SPaV) strain with a genomic sequence identity of less than 80% to other SPaVs reported in Europe and China, using a next-generation sequencing (NGS) technique in sow tissues We develop a new methodsforantibodies detection produced against PtpA are sensitive enough to detect infected animals before the appearance of the disease symptoms. The use of PtpA as an antigen can be developed as an early diagnostic test. Moreover, PtpA is a candidate antigen for detection of humoral immune responses in animals infected with MAP. I was able to present to swine producers about African swine fever virus in the swine population and importance of biosecurity on swine farms in Ukraine. I was able to evaluate the situation on the swine farms and provide positive feedback to owners and veterinarians of these farms. We organized training for the vice president of the Ukrainian swine breeders association at Purdue University on biosecurity on swine farms with some additional field trips to different organizations to discuss the threat of ASF to the swine industry. We organized several workshops on African swine fever as a transboundary disease

Publications

• Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: Guo B, Kim H, Zheng Y, Shen H, Pogranichniy RM, Schwartz KJ, Li G, Yoon KJ.Genomic Sequence of a Swine Pasivirus Type 1 Strain Identified in U.S. Swine.Genome Announc. 2018 Feb 8;6(6).
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2018 Citation: Poganichniy RM. Xth Congress of swine breeders in Ukraine. Biosecurity on the swine farms. Kyiv, Ukraine. June 2018.
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2018 Citation: Pogranichniy RM. Workshops. African Swine Fever (ASF) and role of biosecurity on the swine farms. Kyiv, Ukraine, September 2018.
• Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: Bach E, Raizman EA, Vanderwal R, Soto P, Chaffer M, Keefe G, Pogranichniy R, Bach H. Immunogenicity of PtpA secreted during Mycobacterium avium ssp. paratuberculosis infection in cattle. Vet Immunol Immunopathol. 2018 Apr;198:1-5.

Progress 10/01/16 to 09/30/17

Outputs
Target Audience:Veterinarian, animal owners. Changes/Problems:Changes of lab location on Purdue campus What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?For Veterinary Students How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?Presented in the meetings. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?Work on the next fundedproject.

Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals? We determine andevaluated percentage incidence of porcine coronavirus and porcine rotavirus in an Indiana swine operation.

Publications

• Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2017 Citation: Bauer AE, Johnson AJ, Weng HY, Pogranichniy RM, Moore GE. An evaluation of risk factors for infection with Coxiella burnetii in domestic goats. Res Vet Sci.2017 Oct; 114:181-185
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2016 Citation: Pogranichniy RM, Ragland D, Schnur C. Detection and evaluation of incidence of porcine coronavirus and porcine rotavirus in an Indiana swine operation. 4th Congress of the European Association of the Veterinary Laboratory Diagnosticians

Progress 10/01/15 to 09/30/16

Outputs
Target Audience:Veterinarian, swine producers, diagnostitians Changes/Problems:Changing a lab location will slowdown a progress on this project. What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?Training opportunity was provided to undergraduate students How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?At the profesional meetings such as AASV and others What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals? Nothing Reported

Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals? We were able to work on emerging disease PEDV adn porcine deltacoronavirus in swine populaiton. This should help swine veterinarians.

Publications

• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2016 Citation: Schnur C, Ragland D, Pogranichniy RM. Incidence of porcine coronavirus and porcine rotavirus in an Indiana swine operation following clinical onset of acute diarrhea. 47th Annual Meeting of the American Association of Swine Veterinarians. 2016. New Orleans, Louisiana. Cha HY, Cody Schnur C, Pogranichniy RM, Investigation of Porcine Deltacoronavirus in Indiana swine population. 96th Annual Meeting of the Conference of Research Workers in Animal Diseases, December, 2015. Chicago, IL. 29P.

Progress 03/11/15 to 09/30/15

Outputs
Target Audience:Veterinarians, animal owners, scientists, farmers Changes/Problems: Nothing Reported What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?I have several students working in the lab on the projects to accomplish these goals. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?Some material was presented at the meetings. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?I will try to work on some of these goals that are listed in the project if funding will be available.

Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals? Several diagnostic assays were developed for detection PEDV in swine population: PCR for PEDv Serology: ELISA and IFA for PEDV detection of the antibodies from samples. Continue working on influenza surveillance in the swine population.

Publications

• Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2015 Citation: Cheung AK, Ng TF, Lager KM, Alt DP, Delwart EL, Pogranichniy RM. Unique circovirus-like genome detected in pig feces. Genome Announc. 2014.10; 2 (2)