Progress 03/02/15 to 09/30/15
Outputs
Target Audience:Results presented at Conference for Research Workers in Animal Disease and Americal College of Veterinary Internal Medicine annual meetings to international audiences. Results also reported in published manuscript in Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine. Changes/Problems:
Nothing Reported
What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?Project served as a resident research project for a large animal internal medicine resident, and provided experience in research study design and implementation as well as public presentation of results. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?Via presentations at veterinary conferences and publication in peer reviewed literature. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?
Nothing Reported
Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals?
Specific aim 1 was completed for the following pathogens: Bovine herpes virus-1, Parainfluenza virus-3, Bovine viral diarrheal virus, Manheimia hemolytica, Bibersteinia trehalosi. Specific aim 2 was completed.
Publications
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2018
Citation:
J Vet Intern Med. 2018 Jan;32(1):516-524. doi: 10.1111/jvim.14903.
Efficacy of Oral Administration of Sodium Iodide to Prevent Bovine Respiratory Disease Complex.
Shoemake BM1, Vander Ley BL2, Newcomer BW3, Heller MC4.
Author information
1
College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO.
2
Great Plains Veterinary Educational Center, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Clay Center, NE.
3
Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL.
4
Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA.
Abstract
BACKGROUND:
The prevention of bovine respiratory disease complex (BRD) in beef cattle is important to maintaining health and productivity of calves in feeding operations.
OBJECTIVE:
Determine whether BRD bacterial and viral pathogens are susceptible to the lactoperoxidase/hydrogen peroxide/iodide (LPO/H2 O2 /I- ) system in vitro and to determine whether the oral administration of sodium iodide (NaI) could achieve sufficient concentrations of iodine (I) in the respiratory secretions of weaned beef calves to inactivate these pathogens in vivo.
ANIMALS:
Sixteen weaned, apparently healthy, commercial beef calves from the University of Missouri, College of Veterinary Medicine teaching herd.
METHODS:
In vitro viral and bacterial assays were performed to determine susceptibility to the LPO/H2 O2 /I- system at varying concentrations of NaI. Sixteen randomly selected, healthy crossbred beef weanlings were administered 70 mg/kg NaI, or water, orally in a blinded, placebo-controlled trial. Blood and nasal secretions were collected for 72 hours and analyzed for I- concentration.
RESULTS:
Bovine herpesvirus-1, parainfluenza-3, Mannheimia haemolytica and Bibersteinia trehalosi were all inactivated or inhibited in vitro by the LPO/H2 O2 /I- reaction. Oral administration of NaI caused a marked increase in nasal fluid I concentration with a Cmax = 181 (1,420 ?M I), T12 , a sufficient concentration to inactivate these pathogens in vitro.
CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE:
In vitro, the LPO/H2 O2 /I- system inactivates and inhibits common pathogens associated with BRD. The administration of oral NaI significantly increases the I concentration of nasal fluid indicating that this system might be useful in preventing bovine respiratory infections.
Copyright � 2018 The Authors. Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of the American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine.
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Progress 03/02/15 to 09/30/15
Outputs
Target Audience:Three separate abstracts have been submitted for the Annual Conference of Research Workers in Animal Disease (CRWAD), December 6-8, 2015, in Chicago, IL. Changes/Problems:
Nothing Reported
What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?Specific Aim 2 was completed as a portion of research required for completeion of a masters degree by Dr Brian Shoemake, a large animal internal medicine resident and masters degree candidate at the University of Missouri. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?These results will be presented at the Annual Conference for Research Workers in Animal Disease (CRWAD), to be held December 6-8 in Chicago IL. This conference attracts many of the cutting edge researchers in bovine respiratory disease. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?Publication of results in a scientific journal, journal and number of publications that will emerge from this work are yet to be determined.
Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals?
Specific Aim 1 Respiratory viruses The in vitro susceptibility of parainfluenza 3 virus (PI3), bovine herpesvirus-1 (BoHV1), and bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) to the LPO/H2O2/iodine system were determined. Stock cultures of each virus were incubated with LPO, H2O2, and sodium iodide at a concentration of 0, 10, 100, or 250 µM for 5, 15 or 60 minutes. Each assay was repeated in triplicate. Virus titration was performed by direct visualization of cytopathic effect in cultured cells. A dose-dependent decrease in viral concentration was observed for PI3, with decreased concentrations seen in all samples at even the lowest concentration of iodine included. For BoHV1, significant reduction in viral titer was seen at 100 µM iodine concentration. Of the 3 viruses, BVDV showed the least susceptibility to the system with no decrease in titer observed at even the highest concentrations of iodine. Titers were not affected by incubation time. This study indicates the LPO/H2O2/iodine system may hold value in the prevention of respiratory viral infection and the subsequent risk of BRDC. Bacteria Manheimia hemolytica and Bibersteinia trehalosi (formerly M. hemolytica biotype T), are susceptible to inactivation by the LPO/H2O2/halide system that is present in bovine airways. The susceptibility of these pathogens to inactivation by hypoiodous acid was determined by generating HOI in vitro using LPO, sodium iodide (NaI) and H2O2. Concentrations of NaI from 25 μM to 250 μM were tested, and controls were run in parallel. Subsamples were removed prior to addition of H2O2(catalyst) and at 5 and 30 minutes. Bacterial killing was assessed via standard plate counts. At all concentrations of NaI, both M. hemolytica and B. trehalosi were killed immediately by the complete reaction. Surprisingly, NaI alone at higher concentrations (above 50uM) inactivated both pathogens in vitro. NaI shows exciting promise as a preventative strategy for bovine respiratory disease which may also reduce antimicrobial use in food producing animals. Specific Aim 2 Oral administration of NaI to cattle resulted in increased levels of NaI in nasal secretions. A single dose of NaI resulted in NaI concentrations of over 100uM at 72 hours post administation. This is in excess of the NaI concentration necessary to inactivate the above respiratory viruses and bacteria in vitro.
Publications
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Submitted
Year Published:
2015
Citation:
In vitro inactivation of bovine viral respiratory pathogens using an iodine-based antimicrobial system
B.W. Newcomer1*, B.L. Vander Ley2, P. K. Galik1, M.C. Heller3. 1Dept. of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL. 2Dept. of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO. 3Dept. of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA. Proceedings, Conference for Research Workers in Animal Disease, Dec 6-9, Chicago IL.
Sodium iodide inactivates Manheimia hemolytica and Bibersteinia trehalosi in vitro.
M.C. Heller1, K.A. Clothier2, B.W. Newcomer3, B.L. VanderLey4;
1Veterinary Medicine and Epidemiology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA, 2California Animal Health and Food Safety Laboratory, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA, 3Department of Pathobiology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA, 4Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA. Proceedings, Conference for Research Workers in Animal Disease, Dec 6-9, Chicago IL.
Iodine secretion in airway surface fluid following a single oral bolus of sodium iodide in calves.
B.M. Shoemake1, B.L. Vander Ley1, M.A. Klingenberg1, R.A. Nolan1, A.M. Meyer2, L.G. Schultz1, B.W. Newcomer3, M.C. Heller4;
1College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA,2Department of Animal Sciences, College of Agriculture, Food and Natural Resources, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA, 3Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA, 4Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA. Proceedings, Conference for Research Workers in Animal Disease, Dec 6-9, Chicago IL.
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