Progress 01/26/15 to 01/25/20
Outputs
Target Audience:The target audience reached by these efforts were nursery growers, greenhouse growers, landscape professionals, and others producing container and or field grown ornamental plants. We also focused efforts on pest control professionals, homeowners, master gardeners, and county extension faculty in Florida. Changes/Problems:
Nothing Reported
What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?Graduate students including Debalina Saha, Cody Stewart, and Yuvraj Khamare were trained as part of their graduate studies conducting these experiments. In addition to student teaching, this project has reached a total of 6,098 group learning participants through 244 classroom presentations, 12 national presentations or webinars, and 28 field days in addition to over 100 farm or site visits. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?Results have been dessiminated through publications, presentations at state, regional, or national meetings, posters, extension articles, and through in-person communications. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?
Nothing Reported
Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals?
For this project, the accomplishments for each of the four primary objectives are summarised below: 1. Determining the efficacy of chemical and non-chemical control options for common and newly introduced weed species: Numerous studies were conducted to determine efficacy of commercially available herbicides on new and emerging weed species in Florida and the United States. Combined, over 100 projects were initiated examining 38 different herbicides on over 50 weed species. For each trial, data collected included weed counts, weed biomass, percent coverage ratings, or other data demonstrating herbicide performance over a specified time period (8 weeks to over 6 months). Key accomplishments and findings include: We developed the first integrated management plans and recommendations for legally noxious or troublesome weeds including artilleryweed, skunkvine, praxelis, and small-leaf spiderwort. Similarly, we developed management recommendations for glyphosate-resistant parthenium in nurseries. Preemergence herbicides including dimethenamid-P, dithiopyr, indaziflam, and isoxaben provide early postemergence control of spotted spurge, oxalis, and bittercress, the three most problematic weeds in nurseries. Developing control methods for problematic weeds allows efficient use of non-chemical methods and better herbicide selection. For example, proper herbicide selection for artillery weed results in a savings of $248 per acre, a total savings of $2.04 million if only 20% of container nurseries used this method. 15 extension publications were written and published giving growers information they need to manage different weeds more effectively. We made recommendations to growers to utilize preemergence herbicide such as dimethenamid-P, flumioxazin, indaziflam, isoxaben, and dithiopyr (depending on the situation) to provide early postemergence control of key nursery weed species based on our research findings. Utilization of these herbicides allows growers to control small, emerged weeds and significantly reduce hand-weeding, an estimated savings of $450 per acre. 2. Determining the safety of current ornamental herbicides for over the top application to ornamental species in nurseries and landscape plantings: 12 different experiments were carried out evaluating 30 different herbicides and rates on over 100 ornamental plant species. In all trials, ornamentals were treated soon after potting and growth, marketability, phytotoxicity, and overall response was recorded following application with selected herbicides. Key findings and accomplishments for this area are that 20+ ornamental species were added to preemergence herbicide labels, giving growers more options for weed management in these crops. Specifically, herbicide phytotoxicity evaluations on ornamental plants have shown that indaziflam, dimethenamid-P, dithiopyr, and flumioxazin can be safely used in over 50 economically important taxa. All four products were more effective than currently used combinations. 3. Improving the accuracy and efficiency of herbicide applications in nurseries and landcapes; This program objective is primarily carried out through extension efforts. Herbicide application evaluations have been carried out at 7 different nurseries where their application rates were measured throughout a production area during a granular herbicide application. Actual rates applied ranged from ¼ to over 3 times the intended rate. We taught proper application/calibration practices, how to monitor, and followed up with growers after our visit. All nurseries were within acceptable rates following our training, resulting in thousands of dollars saved due to either reduced hand weeding (those under-applying) or reduced chemical cost (those over-applying). Since project inception, 115 on-farm visits have been conducted at nurseries and 11 field days offered to clients. As part of these efforts, growers have begun using more liquid herbicides as opposed to granulars based on our findings. As costs for liquids are lower and often more effective in nurseries, this practice represents estimate savings of $3.2 million annually based on grower feedback. 4. Improving upon cultural control practices and strategies to reduce weed growth and develop new non-chemical control strategies in these areas. This focus area was accomplished through evaluation of mulch, fertilizer placement, and other non-chemical methods of weed control in controlled research trials and in nurseries or landcapes. Key findings included: Strategic fertilizer placement (subdressing) as opposed to industry standard methods of incorporation or topdressing reduced growth and reproduction of spurge, eclipta, and crabgrass by 80 to 90% in nurseries without negatively influencing crop growth. This work was published in Weed Science. Multiple non-chemical control methods have been shown to be more cost effective compared with industry standard herbicide applications in landscapes and nurseries. For example, frequent hand weeding (every two weeks compared to standard of eight weeks) reduced costs by over 60% in Florida nurseries. Research reported in a series of five manuscripts answered long-standing questions regarding mulch use for weed management including which mulch type is most effective, herbicide adsorption/desorption, effects of physical properties on weed germination, and duration of control over time.
Publications
- Type:
Other
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2019
Citation:
Marble, C. 2019. Florida homeowner herbicide guide: Considerations, applications, and selection. EDIS Publication ENH 1331. https://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/ep575.
- Type:
Other
Status:
Accepted
Year Published:
2019
Citation:
Khamare, Y.G, C. Marble, S. Steed, and N.S Boyd. 2019. Biology and management of Spanish needles (Bidens spp.) in ornamental crop production. EDIS Publication ENH 1308. https://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/ep572
- Type:
Other
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2019
Citation:
Khamare, Y.G, C. Marble, N. Boyd, and S. Steed. 2019. Biology and management of doveweed (Murdannia nudiflora) in ornamental crop production. EDIS Publication ENH 1312. https://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/ep576.
- Type:
Other
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2019
Citation:
Khamare, Y.G, C. Marble, N. Boyd, and S. Steed. 2019. Biology and management of common chickweed (Stellaria media) in ornamental crop production. EDIS Publication ENH1313. https://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/ep577.
- Type:
Other
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2019
Citation:
Laughinghouse, H.D., D.E. Berthold, C. Marble, and D. Saha. 2019. Biology and management of Nostoc (cyanobacteria) in nurseries and greenhouses. EDIS Publication AGR431. https://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/ag430.
- Type:
Other
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2019
Citation:
D. Saha, C. Marble, S. Steed, and N. Boyd. 2019. Biology and management of nutsedge (Cyperus spp.) in ornamental crop production and landscapes. EDIS Publica-tion ENH 1305. https://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/ep569.
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Progress 10/01/18 to 09/30/19
Outputs
Target Audience:The target audience for this program includes nursery growers and greenhouse production managers and others producingcontainer and/or field grown ornamental plants, professional lawn care or pest management professionals in the landscapeservices industry, homeowners, master gardeners, and county extension faculty. Changes/Problems:
Nothing Reported
What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?Three presentations were given at national/regional trade shows and or webinars and over 50 presentations were given to growers and landscapers in Florida. We also offered an in-service training to county extension faculty on how herbicides work, delivering the material at the University of Florida extension symposium. We conducted two grower field days, published over 5 extension factsheets, and had over 1,200 group learning participants. We also made over 20 on-farm visits to help professionals address weed management challenges. We also offered an online training course for nursery growers on weed management and had participants from 5 different countries. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?Results were disseminated through publications, poster presentations at national conferences, presentations, newsletters, farm visits, personal communications, and additional training opportunites outlined above. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?We plant to continue our work in each project objective area. We aquired over $200,000 in funding in 2019, with most still active through 2020. Specific objectives for 2020 will be to 1) determine the impact of different substrates on weed growth, with focus on substrate layering; 2) evaluate irrigation practices and their impact on weed growth and herbicide efficacy; 3) perform field evaluations for control of praxelis; and 4) continue to develop crop tolerance data on economically important species in Florida.
Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals?
In 2019, the following accomplishments were made under each listed project objective. 1. Determining the efficacy of chemical and non-chemical control options for common and newly introduced weed species; We developed control recommendations for one emerging weed species, Praxelis clematidea. We found that indaziflam, flumioxazin, and oxyfluorfen herbicides provided effective preemergence control. We also reported that glyphosate, triclopyr, and clopyralid are effective postemergence options. We also found and reported efficacy information for 5 other economically important weed species with two new granular herbicide combinations including dithiopyr + isoxaben and flumioxazin + prodiamine. 2. Determining the safety of herbicides for over-the-top application to ornamental species. We found that herbicides including sethoxydim, fluazifop, sulfosulfuron, and halosulfuron were safe for over the top use in asiatic jasmine and perennial peanut, two commonly used groundcover species in Florida and the southeastern US. We also tested the safety of isoxaben + dithopyr on over 20 tropical plant species and palms. In addition to these studies, we evaluated dimethenamid-P as an over-the-top application on 12 tropical plant species. We also evaluated two propietary products on over 20 tropical and perennial ornamental species. 3. Improve the accuracy and efficiency of herbicide applications in nurseris and landscapes; 20 on farm visits and over 50 in-person presentations or live webinars were conducted in 2019 to help growers apply herbicides more accurately. We also published 6 extension publications and had over 1,000 group learning participants. The goals of these training programs were to help growers manage weeds more efficiently and use herbicides correctly. 4. Improve upon established cultural control practices and strategies to reduce weed growth in ornamentals and develop new cultural, non-chemical control strategies for these areas. In this area, our efforts in 2019 focused on strategic fertilizer placement. We found that subdressed fertilizer could reduce weed growth and seed production by 80 to 90% compared with the standard practices of incorporating or topdressing fertilizer. We also conducted several trials with mulch, finding that pine bark mulch and a plastic mulch were more effective than sawdust or ground shredded wood for weed control in container nurseries.
Publications
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2019
Citation:
Marble, S.C., S. Steed, D. Saha, and Y. Khamare. 2019. On-farm evaluations of wood-derived, waste paper, and plastic mulch materials for weed control in Florida container nurseries. HortTechnology 29:866-873.
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2019
Citation:
Saha, D., S.C. Marble, B.J. Pearson, H.E. Perez, G.E. MacDonald, and D.C. Odero. 2019. Assessing herbicide movement through mulch materials to improve weed control in landscape planting beds. HortTechnology 29:889-897.
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Accepted
Year Published:
2019
Citation:
Saha, D., S.C. Marble, B.J. Pearson, H.E. Perez, G.E. MacDonald, and D.C. Odero. 2019. Weed seed emergence and growth in response to different physical properties of common landscape mulch materials. Weed Technology https://doi.org/10.1017/wet.2019.88.
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2019
Citation:
Saha, D., S.C. Marble, B.J. Pearson, H.E. Perez, G.E. MacDonald, and D.C. Odero. 2019. Mulch type and depth, herbicide formulation, and post-application irrigation vol-ume influence on control of common landscape weed species. HortTechnology 29:65-77. https://doi.org/10.21273/HORTTECH04208-18.
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2019
Citation:
Marble, S.C. and A. Chandler. 2019. Control of skunk-vine (Paederia foetida L.) with preemergence and postemergence herbicides in Central Florida during the winter season. Journal of Invasive Plant Management. 12:51-59.
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2019
Citation:
Stewart, C.G, S.C. Marble, B.E. Jackson, B. Pearson, and C. Wilson. 2019. Effects of three fertilization methods on weed growth and herbicide performance in soilless nurse-ry substrates. Journal of Environmental Horticulture. 36:133-139.
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2019
Citation:
Saha, D., S.C. Marble, N. Torres, and A. Chandler. 2019. Fertilizer placement affects growth and reproduction of three common weed species in pine bark-based soilless nursery substrates. Weed Science 67:682-688.
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2019
Citation:
Stewart, C., S.C. Marble, B.E. Jackson, B. Pearson, C. Wilson, and D.K. Lauer. 2019. Influence of pine bark substrate age on performance and leaching of nursery preemergence herbicides. HortScience 54:896-902.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2019
Citation:
C. Marble, D. Saha, B. Pearson, H. Perez, G. MacDonald, and D. Odero. 2019. Which landscape mulch is most compatible with preemergence herbicides? HortScience 54:S289.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2019
Citation:
C. Marble, D. Saha, C. Stewart, and A. Chandler. 2019. Limiting weed growth in container ornamentals through strategic fertilizer placement. HortScience 54:S64.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2019
Citation:
C. Marble, N. Boyd, and S.T. Steed. 2019. Preemergence control of Praxelis clema-tidea, an emerging weed in Florida nurseries. Proceedings of the Weed Science Society of America 59:319.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2019
Citation:
Marble, C., and S. Steed. 2019. On-farm evaluation of multiple mulch materials for long-term weed control in container nurseries. Proceedings of the Weed Science Society of America 59:107.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Accepted
Year Published:
2019
Citation:
Saha, D.G, C. Marble, B. Pearson, H. Perez, G. MacDonald, and D. Odero. 2019. Role of herbicide movement through organic mulch on weed control efficacy in nursery container production. Proceedings of the Weed Science Society of America 59:105.
|
Progress 10/01/17 to 09/30/18
Outputs
Target Audience:The target audience for this program includes nursery growers and greenhouse production managers and others producing container and/or field grown ornamental plants, professional lawn care or pest management professionals in the landscape services industry, homeowners, master gardeners, and county extension faculty. Changes/Problems:
Nothing Reported
What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?Two presentations were given at regional trade shows and over 40 presenations were given to local audiences throughout Florida. We also gave a presentation in California. We conducted 5 field days for growers and landscape professionals for Florida audiences, published 4 extension factsheets, and had 1,141 group learning participants at all events combined. We also made 25 on-farm visits, 2 visits to landscape sites to help landscape professionals address weed management challenges, conducted 1 in-service training event for extension professionals in Florida, and offered an international online weed management course that was attended by growers throughout Florida, the United States, Canada, Africa, New Zealand, and several other countries. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?Results were disseminated through publications, poster presentations at national conferences, presentations, newsletters, farm visits, personal communications, and additional training opportunities outlined above. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?We plan to continue our work in each project objective area. Over $200,000 in total funding was recieved in 2018, much of which remains active funding through FY 2019. Specific objectives for 2018 will be to 1) determine the impact of different substrate components on weed growth and herbicide performance; 2) evaluate irrigation practices in regards to herbicide and pest management in container nursery production 3) Perform field evaluations of control measures that can be used to successfully manage spiderwort in natural areas and 4) continue to develop crop tolerance data on economically important ornamental species for which there are limited or no herbicide options.
Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals?
In 2018, the following accomplishments were made under each listed project objective. 1) Determine efficacy of chemical and non-chemical control options for common and newly introduced weed species that are difficult to control in nurseries and landscapes; In 2017, we developed guidelines for control of difficult weed species including skunkvine (Paederia foetida), spiderwort (Tradescantia fluminensis), Oxalis (Oxalis stricta), and artilleryweed (Pilea microphylla). We combined the use of integrated or non-chemical control methods with the use of herbicides to control these species more effectively and develop management guidelines for pest management professionals, biologists, and nursery growers. These new management techniques offer superior control of these weed species and also reduce the total amount of pesticides applied due to the use of the most effective active ingredients, both improving control and providing environmental benefits. We also evaluated the efficacy of 28 different preemergence herbicides/herbicide combinations on over 20 emerging weed species. This project is still ongoing, but to date we have developed efficacy information for 10 weeds for which no data existed. 2) determine the safety of current ornamental herbicides for over the top application to ornamental species in nurseries and landscape plantings not previously investigated including ornamental grass species, herbaceous annuals and perennials, palms and tropicals, and woody nursery stock, thus giving growers and landscapers more herbicide options for these crops; Numers studies were conducted through the IR4 program and with private companies to expand herbicide labels in order to give growers more effective options for weed management during production of ornamental crops. Twelveeconomically important ornamental species in Florida were added or will be added to herbicide labels which will allow growers more effective tools to manage weeds, reducing their labor and management costs and increasing their profits. 3) improve the accuracy and efficiency of herbicide applications in nurseries and landscapes to improve weed control, reduce chemical costs, and alleviate environmental impacts that may result from over application of herbicides in these systems; Twenty twoon-farm consultations were conducted in 2018to help growers address weed management issues. We shared research and conducted on-farm demonstrations of using mulch and other non-chemcial tools to control weeds in long-term nursery crops. We found that by switching to mulch for weed control, growers could significantly reduce handweeding costs and that the added cost of mulch compared with herbicide was recovered in approximately two years. 4)Improve upon established cultural control practices and strategies to reduce weed growth in ornamentals and develop new cultural, non-chemical control strategies in these areas; Multiple non-chemical weed control methods were developed and are more cost effective compared with industry standard herbicide applications in both landscapes and nursery production systems. Substrate particle size and fertilization placement significantly affects weed seed germination and growth in nursery substrates. Cody Stewart, a M.S. student, found that as particle size increased, germination rates of several of the most troublesome small-seeded broadleaf weeds decreased. Therefore, weed growth significantly decreased when larger particle size substrates were added to the top portion of growing media in container-grown plants. We also found that dibbling or subdressing fertilizer reduced weed growth and reproduction by over 90% in comparison with standard topdressing or incorporation methods of fertilization. All of these results were shared with the industry and published in peer-reviewed journal articles in 2018.
Publications
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2018
Citation:
Marble, S.C., M. Elmore, and J.T. Brosnan. 2018. Tolerance of native and ornamental grasses to over-the-top applications of topramezone herbicide. HortScience. 53:842-849.
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2018
Citation:
Saha, D., S.C. Marble, and B.J. Pearson. 2018. Allelopathic effects of common land-scape and nursery mulch materials on weed control. Frontiers in Plant Sci. 9:733 doi:10.3389/fpls.2018.00733.
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2018
Citation:
Saha, D. S.C. Marble, and A. Chandler. 2018. Early postemergence control of wood-land bittercress (Cardamine flexuosa) and yellow woodsorrel (Oxalis stricta) with dithiopyr and isoxaben combinations. J. Environ. Hort. 36:114-118.
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2018
Citation:
Marble, S.C. 2018. Native weedy pests of the Deep South. HortSci. 53:1244-1249
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2018
Citation:
Saha, D., C. Marble, B.J. Pearson, H.E. Perez, G.E. MacDonald, D. Odero, A. Chandler. 2018. Mulching for weed control: Influence of type, depth, herbicide formulation and activation irrigation level on germination and growth of three container nursery weed species. Acta Horticulturae. 1212:297-302
- Type:
Other
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2018
Citation:
K. Mierek, C. Marble, N. Boyd, and S. Steed. 2018. Biology and management of dodder (Cuscuta spp.) in ornamentals. EDIS ENH1292. University of Florida Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences ⿿ EDIS. http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/ep556
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2018
Citation:
Stewart, C., C. Marble, B.J. Pearson, C. Wilson. 2018. Effects of three fertilization methods on weed growth and herbicide performance in soilless nursery substrates. Proc. Weed Sci. Soc. 54:8
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Accepted
Year Published:
2018
Citation:
Saha, D., C. Marble, G.E. MacDonald, D. Odero, B.J. Pearson, and H.E. Perez. 2018. Influence of physical properties of landscape mulch on germination of large crabgrass (Digitaria sanguinalis) and garden spurge (Chamaesyce hirta). Proc. Weed Sci. Soc. 54:180
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2018
Citation:
Marble, C. and A. Chandler. 2018. Tolerance of 14 native and ornamental grass species to over-the-top applications of topramezone in Florida. Proc. Fl. Weed Sci. Soc. 40:20
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2018
Citation:
Saha, D., C. Marble, B.J. Pearson, H.E. Perez, G.E. MacDonald, and D. Odero. 2018. Response of large crabgrass and garden spurge germination to different physical proper-ties of landscape mulch. Proc. Fl. Weed Sci. Soc. 40:11
|
Progress 10/01/16 to 09/30/17
Outputs
Target Audience:The target audience for this program includes nursery growers and greenhouse production managers and others producing container and/or field grown ornamental plants, professional lawn care or pest management professionals in the landscape services industry, homeowners, master gardeners, and county extension faculty. Changes/Problems:
Nothing Reported
What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?Presentations were made at 2 national trade shows in Columbus, OH. 36 additional presentations were given throughout Florida for nursery growers and pest management professionals. We conducted 6 field days or demonstrations to show industry practioners results of various research trials and how they could incorporate these changes in their own operations. We also offered 3 in-service trainings, 1 on-farm demonstration/research project, had 26 on-farm or on-site consultations, 20 office consultations, 99 phone consultations, and 80 email consultations answering questions on weed management in ornamentals. We also offered an online training course that was available in both English and Spanish languages and offered internationally. Through all these training opportunities we reacher over 700 group learning participants in 2017. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?Results were dessiminated through publications, poster presentations at national conferences, presentations, newsletters, farm visits, personal communications, and additional training opportunities outlined above. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?We plan to continue our work in each project objective area. Over $200,000 in total funding was recieved in 2017, much of which remains active funding through FY 2018. Specific objectives for 2018 will be to 1) determine the impact of different substrate components on weed growth and herbicide performance; 2) evaluate irrigation practices in regards to herbicide and pest management in container nursery production 3) Perform field evaluations of control measures that can be used to successfully manage spiderwort in natural areas and 4) continue to develop crop tolerance data on economically important ornamental species for which there are limited or no herbicide options.
Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals?
In 2017, the following accomplishments were made under each listed project objective. 1) Determine efficacy of chemical and non-chemical control options for common and newly introduced weed species that are difficult to control in nurseries and landscapes; In 2017, we developed guidelines for control of difficult weed species including skunkvine (Paederia foetida), spiderwort (Tradescantia fluminensis), Oxalis (Oxalis stricta), and artilleryweed (Pilea microphylla). We combined the use of integrated or non-chemical control methods with the use of herbicides to control these species more effectively and develop management guidelines for pest management professionals, biologists, and nursery growers. These new management techniques offer superior control of these weed species and also reduce the total amount of pesticides applied due to the use of the most effective active ingredients, both improving control and providing environmental benefits. 2) determine the safety of current ornamental herbicides for over the top application to ornamental species in nurseries and landscape plantings not previously investigated including ornamental grass species, herbaceous annuals and perennials, palms and tropicals, and woody nursery stock, thus giving growers and landscapers more herbicide options for these crops; Numers studies were conducted through the IR4 program and with private companies to expand herbicide labels in order to give growers more effective options for weed management during production of ornamental crops. Over 20 economically important ornamental species in Florida were added or will be added to herbicide labels which will allow growers more effective tools to manage weeds, reducing their labor and management costs and increasing their profits. 3) improve the accuracy and efficiency of herbicide applications in nurseries and landscapes to improve weed control, reduce chemical costs, and alleviate environmental impacts that may result from over application of herbicides in these systems; Over 21 on-farm consultations were conducted in 2017 to help growers address weed management issues. We shared research and conducted on-farm demonstrations of various handweeding intervals that have resulted in increased knowledge and adoption of improved management strategies. At one field day in Homestead, FL, grower surveys showed an 80% increase in knowledge and 72% indicated that new management practices would be adopted because of this training opportunity. By increasing handweeding frequency to every 2 weeks as opposed to every 8 weeks, growers reduced their labor costs by an average of 68%. This superior method of weed control resulted in reduced pesticide use (approximately 25% reduction at several nurseries) which also reduces costs, both financial and environmental. and 4) Improve upon established cultural control practices and strategies to reduce weed growth in ornamentals and develop new cultural, non-chemical control strategies in these areas; Multiple non-chemical weed control methods were developed and are more cost effective compared with industry standard herbicide applications in both landscapes and nursery production systems. For example, more frequent handweeding (every 2 weeks compared to every 8 weeks) reduced labor costs by over 60%. In an additional experiment, different mulch combinations reduced annual maintenance costs by over $1,000 per 1,000 ft2 compared with a standard herbicide application. Substrate particle size and fertilization placement significantly affects weed seed germination and growth in nursery substrates. Cody Stewart, a M.S. student, found that as particle size increased, germination rates of several of the most troublesome small-seeded broadleaf weeds decreased. All of these results were shared with the industry and published in peer-reviewed journal articles in 2017.
Publications
- Type:
Book Chapters
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2017
Citation:
Neal, J.C., J.F. Derr, C. Marble, and A. Senesac. 2017. Weed Management. p. 120-198. In: 2017 Southeastern US pest control guide for nursery crops and landscape plantings. J.C. Neal, J.C. Chong, and J. Woodward (Eds.): Southern IPM Center, Raleigh, NC. 204 p. https://content.ces.ncsu.edu/southeastern-us-pest-control-guide-for-nursery-crops-and-landscape-plantings/complete-southeastern-us-pest-control-guide.
- Type:
Book Chapters
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2017
Citation:
Neal, J.C., J.F. Derr, and S.C. Marble. 2017. Weed Management in Shrub Production Vol. II. In: IPM for Shrubs in Southeastern US Nursery Production Vol II. S.A. White and W.E. Klingeman, Eds. Clemson, SC: Southern Nursery IPM Working Group. 33 p. https://clemson.app.box.com/s/6hfbkset6rqm5kd5p8lrkwnqj3qevm9l.
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2017
Citation:
Fulcher, A.F., A.V. LeBude, S.A. White, M. Chappell, S.C. Marble, J.H. Chong, W. Dunwell, S. Frank, S. Hale, J. Neal, A. Windham, W. Klingeman, G. Knox, J. Derr, J. Williams-Woodward, S.K. Braman, A. Dale, F. Baysal-Gurel, J. Del Castillo-Munera, F. Peduto Hand, C. Swett, N. Gauthier, and E. Vafaie. 2017 Working group synergy part 1: Developing a successful, sustainable working group. HortTech. 27:759-764.
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2017
Citation:
Marble, S.C. and T. West. 2017. Advancing technology adoption and achieving exten-sion impact: A working group success story. HortTech. 27:757-758.
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2017
Citation:
Stewart, C., S.C. Marble, B. Pearson, and C. Wilson. 2017. Impact of container-nursery production practices on weed growth. HortScience 52:1593-1600.
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2017
Citation:
Saha, D.g, S.C. Marble, and A. Chandler. 2017. Pre- and postemergence control of Pi-lea microphylla (artillery weed). WeedTech. 31:574-581
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2017
Citation:
Marble, S.C., A.K. Koeser, and G. Hasing. 2017. Annual cost and efficacy of common landscape weed control techniques. HortTech. 27:199-211.
- Type:
Other
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2017
Citation:
C. Marble, D. Laughinghouse, S. Steed, and N. Boyd. 2017. Biology and management of liverwort (Marchantia polymorpha) in ornamental crop production. EDIS ENH278 University of Florida Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences EDIS. http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/ep542.
- Type:
Other
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2017
Citation:
Saha, D.g, C. Marble, S. Steed, and N. Boyd. 2017. Biology and management of Pilea microphylla (Artilleryweed) in ornamental crop production. EDIS ENH1272. EDIS University of Florida Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences EDIS. http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/ep535.
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Progress 10/01/15 to 09/30/16
Outputs
Target Audience:Target audiences for this reporting period included nursery growers, landscape professionals, pesticide applicators, Master Gardener program participants, land managers and homeowners. Target audiences were reached through industry presentations, extension factsheets, online training and webinars, and through additional outlets. Changes/Problems:
Nothing Reported
What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?Debalina Saha (PhD), Cody Stewart (MS), Matthew Archer (BS) and Rachel Crecelius (BS) gained experience by managing and conducting research trials. Research tasks performed included data collection, data analysis, photographic documentation, and report generation. Research projects covered a wide scrop including herbicide dose response experiments, seed germination experiments, plant propagation trials, and general production experiments focusing on ornamental species. Students attended training in greenhouse and nursery environments and expanded upon this knowledge with laboratory duties. Saha and Stewart work full time on this project while Archer and Crecelius were part-time employees. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?In this reporting period, a major extension initiativeof this programprogram was to develop and launch Weed Management Online, an 8-hour training module available in both English and Spanish and viewed internationally. This is the first ever in-depth online weed management course for those working in ornamental nurseries and greenhouses. I also co-developed and taught two tracks of Pest Management University, a comprehensive hands-on 2.5-day training course for pest management professionals. This course is comprised of two tracks, Foundations which an introductory level course and Masters which is more advanced. The Foundations course was offered 3 times and the Masters was offered in Fall of 2016. In addition to these two major research initiatives, other extension activities in 2016 included: Co-authored two book chapters on IPM management for nursery growers (available in 2017) Developed a herbicide calibration and calculation tool for growers and lawn care professionals Served as an expert at the MREC Plant clinic for those dealing with weed control issues or needing weeds identified Developed and offered 2 in-service training opportunities for state-wide county faculty Had over 2,000 group learning participants at invited talks across the state of Florida and other US locations Had 34 field consultations with Florida growers and landscape professionals Conducted 2 on-farm research trials; demonstrated herbicides/techniques at multiple other sites; growers report savings in excess of $6K per month at several locations Offered 17 hands-on training opportunities and field days Gave 44 industry presentations in Florida and other states including OH, VA, LA, TX Threepresentations were givenat Cultivate, the preeminent nursery/greenhouse trade show in the United States Multi-state Research and Extension Projects This project works closely withSouthern Nursery IPM working group (member since 2014) to develop and update two extension publications including a Pest Management Strategic Plan and the Southern Nursery IPM Guide for nursery crops which is the guide for all southeastern growers' interest in IPM techniques. I have also partnered with Drs. Joe Neal (North Carolina) and Jeff Derr (Virginia) to conducted multi-state research funded by the Southern Nursery IPM Center. In this project, our research efforts developed methods of weed control which can reduce hand-weeding costs by over 60%, easily a multi-million-dollar savings for growers in Florida and other southeastern states. Our research was disseminated to our shareholders via field days, extension publications and a peer reviewed publication (in press). Scientific meetings for this period included the Weed Science Society of America, Southern Region and National American Society for Horticultural Sciences, Florida Weed Science Society, and the International Plant Propagators Society in which results were presented to other researchers and the industry. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?Work will continue to expand uponand add to projects listed above. In addition to projects listed above, we plan to develop a weed control website and offer additional online training resources for industry. Research will focus heavily on non-chemical approaches to weed control in nursery production and how production inputs (fertilization, irrigation, substrates) impact weed growth, germination, and herbicide performance.
Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals?
Weed control is the costliest production input for nursery growers, often resulting in losses of over $7,000 per acre due to reduced crop growth and labor costs associated with supplemental hand-weeding. Weed control is also a major concern in the landscape maintenance sector as growth of weeds and invasive plants can reduce property values by over 15% and is a significant maintenance expense for landscapers, property managers, and homeowners. In contrast to agronomic crops and turf areas, there are relatively few herbicides labeled for weed control in and around ornamental plants, and the number of different ornamental species, cultivars, and varieties in any one nursery or landscape planting makes it difficult to select and apply herbicides without damaging sensitive ornamentals. Consequently, growers and landscapers often rely on very few herbicide modes of action, increasing the risk for the occurrence of herbicide resistant weeds which are already emerging in other agricultural sectors. When preemergence herbicides are used incorrectly, growers must resort to handweeding which is extremely expensive and more difficult to find. In addition, there is growing concern among the general public regarding all forms of pesticide use and the negative effects indiscriminant use are having on water quality and the environment. The need to increasing knowledge and understanding, to industry, the general public, and the scientific community, as well as the need to improve upon current weed control strategies are the main focus of this program. Specific activities and accomplishments related to the objectives listed above are as follows: 1) Determine efficacy of chemical and non-chemical control options for common and newly introduced weed species that are difficult to control in nurseries and landscapes; Pilea microphylla, also known as artillery weed, artillery fern, or gunpowder plant is weed of increasing importance in Florida. It has also recently become a nuisance in nurseries, but little information is available on herbicide efficacy. The objective of this trial was to evaluate selected nursery herbicides for postemergence control of artillery weed and measure regrowth potential following application. Nursery media was overseeded with artillery weed seeds. Artillery weed was grown for 2 months at which time all plants were approximately 3.5 to 4.5 in. in height and had flowered. The following herbicides were applied at generally their highest label rate: sulfosulfuron [0.05 lbs active ingredient per acre (lbs. aia)], sulfentrazone (0.37 lbs. aia), indaziflam (0.06 lbs. aia), diquat (0.5 lbs. aia), oxadiazon (granular) (4 lbs. aia), glyphosate (3 lbs. aia), pelargonic acid (4.2 lbs. aia), flumioxazin (0.38 lbs. aia), and dimethenamid-p (1.68 1.5 lbs. aia). A non-treated control was also included. Data collected included visual control ratings at 1, 2, and 4 weeks after treatment (WAT) and shoot fresh weights (FW) were taken at 4 WAT. Plants were then grown for an additional 8 weeks to monitor any regrowth following treatment. Regrowth data indicated that the best long-term results were achieved with flumioxazin (100% control), oxadiazon (100% control) and indaziflam (100%). Results from this trial suggest that several active ingredients already labeled for use in nursery crops and landscapes can be used for artillery weed management. Oxadiazon (granular) and dimethenamid-p are also labeled for over-the-top use and could be prove to be valuable tools for controlling artillery weed in container-grown ornamentals. Preemergence trials were conducted using herbicides including dimethenamid-p, oxadiazon, indaziflam, trifluralin + isoxaben, prodamine + isoxaben, isoxaben, prodiamine, oxyfluorfen + prodiamine, and dimethanmid-p + pendimethalin and s-metolachlor. Results showed that all preemergence herbicides tested provided some efficacy of Pilea with greatest control being achieved with indaziflam, dimethenamid-p, oxadiazon, oxyfluorfen + prodiamine, and prodiamine containing herbicides. Research will be continued in 2017. Paederia foetia, or skunkvine, is an invasive woody perennial vine that invades Florida natural areas and landscapes. Dose response experiments were conducted at the Mid-Florida research and Education Center in Apopka FL to determine efficacy of selected herbicides to skunkvine at three different stages of growth. Skunkvine were grown in 1 gal. pots filled with a standard nursery substrate and kept inside a greenhouse. Plants were treated with herbicides including triclopyr amine and ester, glyphosate, imazapic, aminopyralid, fluroxypyr, and aminocyclopyralchlor at 0.125, 0.25, 0.5, and 1.0x their highest label rate. Results showed that across all rates tested, triclopyr ester prodivded the most effective control across all three growth stages. Other herbicides including triclpyr amine, glyphosate, aminopyralid, fluroxypyr, and aminocyclopyrachlor also provided effective control but typically only at the highest label rate. 2) determine the safety of current ornamental herbicides for over the top application to ornamental species in nurseries and landscape plantings not previously investigated including ornamental grass species, herbaceous annuals and perennials, palms and tropicals, and woody nursery stock, thus giving growers and landscapers more herbicide options for these crops; As part of the IR4 project, 4 ornamental species including Eucalyptus, Quercus virginiana, Sedum kamtschaticum, Muhlenbergia dumosa, Sorghastrum nutans, and Muhlenbergia dubia and Itea virginia were tested for tolerance to dithopyr, oxyfluorfen + prodiamine, sulfentrazone + prodiamine, oxadiazon, and isoxaben, pendimethalin, and dimethenamid-p. All herbicide treatment combinations were tested by applied herbicides at 1, 2, and 4x label rates twice. All herbicide treated plants were similar in growth and appearance to nontreated controls. Growers now have more options for weed control in these important crops. 3) improve the accuracy and efficiency of herbicide applications in nurseries and landscapes to improve weed control, reduce chemical costs, and alleviate environmental impacts that may result from over application of herbicides in these systems; Nothing new to report 4) Improve upon established cultural control practices and strategies to reduce weed growth in ornamentals and develop new cultural, non-chemical control strategies in these areas. Research and demonstrations were conducted to determine cost of handweeding every two weeks vs. every 8 weeks (industry norm) when used in combination with either prodiamine + isoxaben or dimethenamid-p only herbicide applications. Our results showed that with either herbicide, handweeding costs decreased by over 50% when growers weeded pots every two weeks, resulting in a significant economic savings.
Publications
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Accepted
Year Published:
2015
Citation:
Edwards, L.E.*, S.C. Marble, A.M. Murphy, and G.H. Gilliam. 2015. Evaluation of indaziflam for greenhouse use. J. Environ. Hort. 33:160-165.
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Accepted
Year Published:
2016
Citation:
" Marble, S.C., A. Chandler, and M. Archer. 2016. Effect of indaziflam formulation, timing, and rate on early postemergence control of Oxalis stricta L. WeedTech. 30:701-707.
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Accepted
Year Published:
2016
Citation:
" Marble, S.C., S.A. Prior, G.B. Runion, H.A. Torbert, C.H. Gilliam, G.B. Fain, J.L. Sibley, and T.R. Knight. 2016. Species and media effects on soil carbon dynamics in the landscape. Scientific Reports 6:25210 doi:10.1038/srep25210.
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Accepted
Year Published:
2015
Citation:
" Marble, S.C., A.K. Koeser, and G. Hasing. 2015. A review of weed control practices in landscape planting beds: Part 1 Non-chemical methods. HortSci. 50:851-856.
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Accepted
Year Published:
2015
Citation:
" Marble, S.C., A.K. Koeser, and G. Hasing. 2015. A review of weed control practices in landscape planting beds: Part 2 Chemical methods. HortSci. 50:857-862.
- Type:
Book Chapters
Status:
Accepted
Year Published:
2016
Citation:
" Braman, S.K., M. Chappell, J.-H. Chong, A. Fulcher, N.W. Gauthier, W.E. Klingeman, G. Knox, A. LeBude, J. Neal, S.A. White, C. Adkins, J. Derr, S. Frank, F. Hale, F.P Hand, C. Marble, J. Williams-Woodward, and A. Windham. 2015. Pest management strategic plan for container and field-produced nursery crops: revision 2015. A.V. LeBude and A. Fulcher, eds. Southern Region IPM Center, Raleigh, NC. 236 p. www.go.ncsu.edu/NurseryCropsIPM2015.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Accepted
Year Published:
2016
Citation:
" Marble, C., Y. Xiao, and A. Chandler. 2016. Efficacy and cost of selected herbicides for control of skunkvine (Paederia foetida). American Society of Horticultural Sciences. Atlanta, GA. August 8-11.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Accepted
Year Published:
2016
Citation:
" Marble, C. and A. Chandler. 2016. Safety of preemergence herbicides applied during propagation of three woody nursery crops. American Society of Horticultural Sciences. Atlanta, GA. August 8-11.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Accepted
Year Published:
2016
Citation:
" Marble, S.C., A. Chandler, and D. Saha. 2016. Postemergence control of Pilea microphylla, a weed of concern in Florida. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. South. Reg. San Antonio, TX, February 6-8. (Presentation).
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Accepted
Year Published:
2016
Citation:
" Saha, D*., S.C. Marble, S. Steed, and N. Boyd. 2016. Impacts of preemergence herbicide formulation on cost and weed control efficacy for container nursery crop producers. Southern Region IPPS Annual Conference. Virginia Beach, VA. Oct. 22.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Accepted
Year Published:
2016
Citation:
" Marble, S.C., A. Chandler, and D. Saha. 2016. Early postemergence control of three nursery weeds with preemergence herbicides. Fl. Weed Sci. Soc. Haines City, FL. Feb. 29 Mar. 1. (Presentation).
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Accepted
Year Published:
2016
Citation:
" Marble, C., A. Chandler, and D. Saha. 2016. Postemergence control of Pilea microphylla (Artillery weed). Florida State Hort. Soc. Stuart, FL. June 12-14.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Accepted
Year Published:
2016
Citation:
" Marble, S.C., A. Chandler, and M. Archer. 2016. Effect of indaziflam formulation and timing for early postemergence control of yellow woodsorrel. Northeastern Weed Sci. Soc. Conf. Philadelphia, PA. January 5-8. (Poster).
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Accepted
Year Published:
2016
Citation:
" Marble, S.C. and A. Chandler. 2016. Safety of preemergence herbicides applied during propagation of three common woody ornamental species. Center for Applied Nursery Research Open House. Gwinnett, GA. January 27. (Poster).
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Progress 01/26/15 to 09/30/15
Outputs
Target Audience:Graduate and undergraduate students at the University of Florida toured greenhouse facilities to see on-going weed control projects and also participated in field days and other demonstration activities in which the results of research projects were discussed. Students gained knowledge on new herbicides entering the market, herbicide efficacy, and crop safety results. Landscape applicators, nursery growers, greenhouse growers, other green industry professionals, and homeowners attended field days, workshops, and professional meetings in which results from projects were discussed and new knowledge was shared. Changes/Problems:
Nothing Reported
What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?In 2015, Matthew Archer, an undergraduate student worked on projects and gained experience in small plot research and weed science. Debalina Saha also began working on her doctorate in 2015 in which she is investigating herbicide and mulch interactions in landscape and nursery production situations. This project has also been used to educate numerous other undergraduate and graduate students at the University of Florida on weed science and weed management practices in landscapes and nurseries who participated on tours and laboratory demonstrations. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?In 2015, 1webinar, 7 workshops, 36 presentations/seminars, and 27 field consultations were conducted for growers and landscapers in Florida, the southeastern United States, and Colorado reaching over 1,000 program participants. In these presentations, workshops, webinars, and field visits, information was shared from my research program on ways in which weed control costs could be reduced in order to increase crop marketability and profit margins and how herbicide applications could be made more effectively and accurately. Research results were also shared at multiple professional meetings including Northeastern Weed Science Society, Southern Region American Society for Horticultural Sciences, American Society for Horticultural Sciences, International Plant Propagators Society, and Florida Weed Science Society. Results were also shared by means of refereed journal articles (4) extension factsheets and bulletins (12) and industry presentations, field days, workshops, and on-site visits. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?In 2016 we will continue to investigate the impacts of current production practices on weed growth and herbicide efficacy in soilless container substrates by examining fertilization, irrigation, and substrate management practices and how they effect herbicide degradation. We will also continue to work on controlling invasive plant species such as skunk vine (Paederia foetida) and develop cost-effective management strategies for its control. Additional work will include herbicide efficacy and safety testing on economically important weeds and crops in Florida and the Southeastern United States.
Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals?
Goal 1) In 2015, numerous trials were conducted to determined the efficacy of chemical and non-chemical control options for common and newly introduced weed species. Preemergence trials were conducted on Benghal dayflower (Commelina benghalensis), Parthenium ragweed (Parthenium hysterophorous), and artillery weed (Pilea microphylla). All trials were conducted in nursery containers filled with a standard pinebark:peat potting substrate and amendments. Pots were treated with herbicides including indaziflam (200 lbs. product/acre), isoxaben (31 fl. oz. product/acre), flumioxazin (150 lbs product/acre), dimethenamid-p (32 fl. oz. product/acre), dimethenamid-p + pendimethalin (200 lbs product/acre, isoxaben + trifluralin (200 lbs product/acre), oxyfluorfen + prodamine (100 lbs product/acre), isoxaben + trifluralin + oxyfluorfen (200 lbs product/acre, and dithiopyr (32 fl oz. product/acre) which represented each products highest recommended labeled rate. After treatment, pots were watered in (0.5 inches) and then overseeded with approximately 30 seeds of each species to separate pots.Results indicated that while most of the active ingredients evaluated provided effective control of parthenium ragweed and artillery weed, Benghal dayflower was only effectively control with flumioxazin, dimethenamid-p containing products, and indaziflam.Additional trials evaluated the impact of prodiamine and isoxaben tank mixtures for early postemergence control of bittercress (Cardamine flexuosa). Results from this trial indicated that prodiamine has no antagonist effect on isoxaben for early postemergence control of bittercress at standard label rates. Herbicide safety trials were conducted in 2015 on ornamental species including hibiscus (Hibiscus syriacus), sabal palms (Sabal minor), confederate jasmine (Trachelosperma jasminoides), slash pine (Pinus elliotti), Aloe (Aloe vera), little bunny pennisetum (Pennisetum alopecuroides 'Little Bunny'), Karley rose pennisetum (Pennisetum orientale 'Karley Rose'), and switch grass (Panicum virgatum 'Prarie Sky'). Dithiopyr was applied to hibiscus, switchgrass, and Karley Rose pennisetum at 0.5. 1.0 and 2.0 lbs active ingredient per acre. Sabal palms were treated with dimethenamid-p + pendimethalin at 2.65, 5.3, and 10.6lbs active ingredient per acre, indaziflam at 0.05, 0.10, and 0.20 lbs active ingredient per acre, and dimethenamid-p at 1, 2, and 4 lbs active ingredient per acre. Confederate jasmine was treated with dimethenamid-p at 1, 2, and 4 lbs active ingredient per acre. Aloe was treated with indaziflam at 0.05, 0.10, and 0.20 lbs active ingredient per acre. Pendimethalin was applied to Little bunny and Karley Rosepennisetum at 3, 6, and 12 lbs active ingredient per acre. Slash pines were treated with sulfentrazon + prodiamine at 0.375, 0.75, and 1.5 lbs active ingredient per acre. All treatments were applied to newly potted liners using a CO2 backpack sprayer (for liquids) and a hand-shaker for granular materials. All plants were treated twice and 6 week intervals. Phytotoxicity ratings were recorded weekly and plant growth was measured at the conclusion of the trial. Results indicated that all herbicides tested caused little to no crop injury on the species to which they were applied. The one exception was indaziflam which caused considerable damage to aloe. As a result of this work, growers will have more crops added to herbicide labels which will improve their weed control programs by allowing them better rotation of products. The expansion of spray-applied herbicide labels also allows growers to use more spray herbicides in their programs which cost roughly 25% of what granular products cost which can equate to thousands of dollars in savings each year. 3. Herbicide application evaluations were performed across Florida in which granular herbicide applications were measured. Growers were informed of the actual application rates which were being applied and proper application techniques were demonstrated. As a result of this work, we estimate that herbicide applications from program participants has increased by over 20% which reduces their chemical costs and reduces negative environmental impacts from misapplication of herbicides. 4. Work will begin in 2016 to determine the impact of substrate age, particle size, amendments and composition on weed growth and herbicide efficacy. Research will also be conducted to determine the impact of irrigation and fertilization practices on herbicide degradation and efficacy in soilless substrates. As a result of this project, 4 refereed journal articles were published in 2015 and 3 additional manuscripts have been submitted for 2016 publication.
Publications
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2015
Citation:
" Marble, S.C. 2015. Herbicide and mulch interactions: a review of the literature and implications for the landscape maintenance industry. WeedTech. 29:341-349.
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Accepted
Year Published:
2015
Citation:
Marble, S.C., S.A. Prior, G.B. Runion, and H.A. Torbert. 2015. Control of yellow and purple nutsedge in elevated CO2 environments with glyphosate and halosulfuron. Front. Plant Sci. doi:10.3389/fpls.2015.00001.
- Type:
Other
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2015
Citation:
" Braman, S.K., M. Chappell, J.-H. Chong, A. Fulcher, N.W. Gauthier, W.E. Klingeman, G. Knox, A. LeBude, J. Neal, S.A. White, C. Adkins, J. Derr, S. Frank, F. Hale, F.P Hand, C. Marble, J. Williams-Woodward, and A. Windham. 2015. Pest management strategic plan for container and field-produced nursery crops: revision 2015. A.V. LeBude and A. Fulcher, eds. Southern Region IPM Center, Raleigh, NC. 236 p. www.go.ncsu.edu/NurseryCropsIPM2015.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2015
Citation:
Marble, S.C., A.K. Koeser, G. Hasing, and D. McClean. 2015. Cost and effectiveness of common weed control techniques in Florida landscapes. Proc. South. Nur. Assoc. Res. Conf. 60:268-273
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2015
Citation:
Marble, S.C. and J.M. Pickens. 2015. Weed control inside greenhouses and enclosed structures. Society of American Florists 31st Annual Pest and Production Management Conference Proceedings Pp. 51-55
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2015
Citation:
Marble, S.C. 2015. Invasives: When plants go bad! Society of American Florists 31st Annual Pest and Production Management Conference Proceedings Pp. 56-62.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2015
Citation:
Marble, S.C. and A. Chandler. 2015. Effect of prodiamine and isoxaben tank-mixture for early postemergence control of bittercress. Proc. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 50(9): S345.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2015
Citation:
Marble, S.C., S.A. Prior, G.B. Runion, and H.A. Torbert. 2015. Impact of elevated CO2 levels on growth and control of purple and yellow nutsedge. Proc. Northeast Weed Sci. Soc. Amer. 69:26.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2015
Citation:
Marble, S.C., S.A. Prior, G.B. Runion, and H.A. Torbert. 2015. Efficacy of glyphosate and halosulfuron for control of purple and yellow nutsedge in elevated CO2 environments. Proc. South. Reg. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 50(9):S45.
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2015
Citation:
Marble, S.C., A.K. Koeser, and G. Hasing. 2015. A review of weed control practices in landscape planting beds: Part 1 Non-chemical methods. HortSci. 50:851-856.
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2015
Citation:
Marble, S.C., A.K. Koeser, and G. Hasing. 2015. A review of weed control practices in landscape planting beds: Part 2 Chemical methods. HortSci. 50:857-862.
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