Progress 11/17/14 to 09/30/18
Outputs
Target Audience:Researchers, extension agents, producers, educators, and users of plant genetic resources Changes/Problems:
Nothing Reported
What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?Undergraduate students in the Vegetable Production class and an undergraduate thesis class participated in the cultivar evaluations of different crops. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?The results of the project were shared with collaborators of the S-9 region by presentation of the work summary at the annual committee meeting. The results were distributed locally through a personal communication with growers, extension agents and students and workshops. Poster, a technical research report, and extension publications were produced to disseminate the findings of vegetable crop studies. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?
Nothing Reported
Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals?
Objective 1: The project collected and conserved horticultural crops adapted to humid tropical environment for improvement of agricultural diversity in Guam, in alignment with USDA Germplasm conservation program. Germplasms of roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa) were obtained from the U.S. National Plant Germplasm System S009 Unit at the University of Georgia and the University of the Virgin Islands. Seven H. sabdariffa lines obtained in 2016 were: 'Unique Leaf 128,' '100 Pink,' 'Black Open Fruit TTB,' '245xTTB,' '186316 Dark Red,' 'Standard Red Jak' and 'Day Neutral KDN.' In 2017, ten lines were obtained including PI 256039, PI 265319, PI 273389, PI 275413, PI 275414, PI 286316, PI 291128, PI 500706, PI 500713, and PI 500724. Two tissue-cultured sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas), 'Liberty' and 'Stokes,' were obtained in 2015 and in 2017, fourteen lines were obtained including: PI 531122, PI 531124, PI 531126, PI 531131, PI 531149, PI 531150, PI 531154, PI 531168, PI 531169, PI 538289, PI 538306, PI 566613, PI 573297 and PI 573322 from the S009 Unit and the University of the Virgin Islands. All lines are being maintained and multiplied in a horticulture lab at the University of Guam. Seeds of Moringa oleifera PKM-1 were obtained from Dr. Manuel Palada of the Central Philippine University in November 2015. Five lines obtained in 2017 were 'Kapaa,' 'UH Red,' 'UH7B1,' 'UH14,' and 'African Moringa' (M. stenopetaia) from the University of Hawaii. A local chili pepper (C. annuum), 'Guafi' was collected for regeneration of seeds at University of Guam Horticulture laboratory. Objective 2.: Several vegetable crops were examined for their adaptability to humid tropical climate in Guam mainly in field trials and two crops in an aquaponics system for their growth, harvest yield, and pest problems. In general, the experiments were performed using a randomized complete block design with three replications. The results of trials are listed as follows: Leafy greens were evaluated in an aquaponics system at the University of Guam. Twelve lettuce (Lactuca sativa) cultivars were evaluated during April to June 2016. Cv. Tropicana, green cultivar, produced the heaviest head (536 g fresh weight). Among greens, 'Starfighter' (431 g) produced the second heaviest, followed by 'Nevada' (331 g), 'Tango' (285 g), 'Muir' (243 g), 'Panisse' (24 0g), and 'Adriana' (204 g). Red cultivars weighed 'Red fire' (281 g), 'Cherokee' (274 g), 'Lollo Rossa' (183 g), 'Mottistone' (159 g), and 'Skyphos' (127 g). Six different "microgreens" were tested in 2014. The germination rate and plant growth of Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa var. pekinensis 'Kogane'), radish (Raphanus sativus 'Red Rambo'), mizuna (Brassica rapa var. japonica), pak choi (Brassica rapa var. chinensis 'Red Choi'), Beet (Beta vulgaris 'Early Wonder Tall Top') and sorrel (Rumex spp) were examined for 10 days. At harvest, the average weights of radish, mizuna, cabbage, pak choi, beet, and sorrel were 528 mg, 322 mg, 290 mg, 160 mg, 85 mg, and 42 mg, respectively. Based on shoot length, vigorous germination, and thriving growth, mizuna is found to be the best microgreen species to grow in the aquaponics in Guam. Four cultivars of Chinese kale (Brassica oleracea) were tested in Guam cobbly clay soil from March to June 2016. Cultivar 'Green Leaf' matured early compared to 'Peth Nam Eak,' Yhod Fa' and 'Emperor.' Four cultivars of bok choy (Brassica rapa subsp. chinensis), 'Bino,' 'San Feng,' 'Gracious,' and 'Brisk Green' were examed in the field of calcareous Guam cobbly clay soil by Joseph Tuquero. Cultivar 'Bino' produced the greatest fresh weight of 233g/plant, followed by 'San Feng' (204 g/plant), 'Gracious' (140 g/plant) and 'Brisk Green' (128 g/plant). Six zucchini (Cucurbita pepo) cultivars, 'Reward,' 'Eight Ball,' 'Felix,' 'Noche,' 'Fordhook,' and 'Dunja' were evaluated during March to June 2014 in calcareous Guam cobbly clay soil. Cv. Eight Ball had earliest maturity. Powdery mildew and mosaic virus diseases became the main problems. From December 2017 to March 2018, two additional trials were conducted. One trial included cultivars 'Tigress,' 'Partenon,' 'Cue Ball,' 'Eight Ball,' and 'Lucky 8' utilizing organic fertilizers. The second trial was conducted including 'Tigress,' 'Partenon,' and 'Eight Ball' with conventional fertilizers and pesticide program. In both trials 'Tigress' had the greatest yields. Powdery mildew (Oidium spp.) was the most significant disease. Three cultivars of 'edamame' soybean (Glycine max) were tested in calcareous Guam cobbly clay soil during January 26 to April 20, 2018. Cv. Midori Giant had the total weight of pods harvested with 128 g/plant and 'Biel' with 117g/plant. 'Karikachi' had the least yield of 77 g/plant. 'Midori Giant' yielded over 90% large two and three-seeded pods. Seedlings of seven roselle lines (Hibiscus sabdariffa), 'Unique Leaf 128,' '100 Pink,' 'Black Open Fruit TTB,' '245xTTB,' '186316 Dark Red,' 'Standard Red Jak,' and 'Day Neutral KDN' were transplanted in Guam cobbly clay soil on June 30, 2016. 'Day Neutral KDN' produced calyx at 78 days after transplanting (DAT) while 'Standard Red Jak' produced calyx at 153 DAT. Other cultivars took about 15 to 17 weeks (105 to 119 DAT) to reach at maturity. 'Unique Leaf 128' produced a light green calyx and '100 Pink' produced a bright red calyx. The other cultivars had dark red calyx. 'Day Neutral KDN' defoliated at 100 DAT which was two weeks after calyx formation. Major insect pests were mealy bugs and aphids. Five cultivars of bell peppers (Capsicum annuum) were tested in Guam cobbly clay soil during March to June 2016 by Joseph Tuquero. Cultivars included 'California Wonder,' 'King Arthur F1,' 'Intruder F1,' 'Chinese Giant' and 'Gourmet F1.' Seedlings were transplanted on March 24, 2016. Harvest yield was examined from May 19 to June 27, 2016. 'Intruder F1,' 'King Arthur F1' and 'Chinese Giant' had greater marketable yield than 'California Wonder' and 'Gourmet F1.' Four lines of chili pepper (Capsicum. annuum) were evaluated from December 6, 2016 to April 4, 2017 in Guam cobbly clay soil. A local line, 'Guafi,' was a slower maturing plant compared to two red Taiwan cultivars, 'Ascent,' and 'Red Air.' However, the total harvest yield from February 20 to April 10, 2017 was greatest with 'Guafi' (5.7 t/ha), followed by 'Ascent' (3.0 t/ha) and 'Red Air' (1.9 t/ha). A local yellow cultivar, 'Hachon,' had the lowest yield of 1.0 t/ha due to a high incidence or anthracnose. Eighteen tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) cultivars were studied at five commercial farms in Guam during rainy season of 2014 to determine resistant lines against Ageratum yellow vein virus (AYVV) by Sheeka Tareyama and Dr. R. Schlub, Extension Plant Pathologist. This virus was identified earlier as tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV). Objective 3.: The summary of work in Guam was presented annually as a "Country report" at S-9 Advisory Committee meeting and information was contributed to S-9 Regional project. Poster presentation at conference, extension publication, technical reports were produced to disseminate the results.
Publications
- Type:
Other
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2019
Citation:
Chargualaf, R.G., J. Tuquero and M. Marutani. 2019. 2016-2018 Vegetable Cultivar Trials on Guam. Agricultural Research Technical Report. Agriculture and Life Science Division, College of Natural and Applied Sciences, University of Guam. 26 p.
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Progress 10/01/16 to 09/30/17
Outputs
Target Audience:Researchers, extension agents, producers, educators, and users of plant genetic resources. Changes/Problems:
Nothing Reported
What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?Undergraduate students in the Vegetable production course participated in the cultivar evaluation project of chili pepper. They learned how to take data on fruit yield, phenotypic characteristics of capsicum germlines and abiotic/biotic factors affecting the yield. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?The results of the project were shared with collaborators of the S-9 region by presentation of the work summary at the annual committee meeting. The results were distributed locally through a personal communication with growers, extension agents and students and workshops. An extension factsheet was produced to disseminate the findings of cultivar trials. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?Continue to acquire and characterize plant germplasm of local interests such as Hibiscus sabdariffa, Ipomoea batatas, leafy greens (Brassica spp).
Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals?
(1) Acquire and conserve genetic resources of crops and related wild species of importance to the Southern Region such as sorghum, peanut, watermelon, chili peppers, warm-season grasses, cowpea, clover, tropical/subtropical legumes, and others. Acquisitions of new plant germplasms included seeds of ten Hibiscus sabdariffa and 14 in-vitro sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas) germlines from U.S. National Plant Germplasm System. Two local lines of chili pepper (Capsicum spp.) and one line of winged bean (Psophocarpus tetragonolobus) were collected. (2) Conduct genetic characterizations and phenotypic evaluations of the conserved crops and related wild species for commercially important genetic and agronomic traits. Field evaluations were conducted for chili pepper (Capsicum annuum) including two local lines compared with commercial cultivars for fruit production. The trial was conducted from December 6, 2016 to April 4, 2017 in Guam cobbly soil (pH=7.5) at the Guam Agricultural Experiment Station Yigo farm. A local red chili pepper, 'Guafi,' was a slower maturing plant compared to other two red cultivars, 'Ascent,' and 'Red Air.' However, the total harvest yield from February 20 to April 10, 2017 was greatest with 'Guafi' (5.7 t/ha), followed by 'Ascent' (3.0 t/ha) and 'Red Air' (1.9 t/ha). A local yellow cultivar, 'Hachon,' had the lowest yield of 1.0 t/ha due to a high incidence or anthracnose. (3) Distribute genetic resources and associated information to researchers, educators, and plant breeders in the Southern Region and worldwide. Summary of 2016 work in Guam was presented as a "Country report" at S-9 Advisory Committee meeting in June 20, 2017 and information was contributed to S-9 Regional project. A fact sheet was created as an extension publication to disseminate the result of chili pepper cultivar trial.
Publications
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Progress 10/01/15 to 09/30/16
Outputs
Target Audience:Researchers, educators, extension agents, and producers on Guam and other locations. The users of plant genetic resources and associated information ranging from home school educators to university graduate and postdoc programs; from home gardeners to commercial growers; and from basic and applied genetic research to theoretical genomic research. Changes/Problems:
Nothing Reported
What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?University students were recruited as research assistants to assist cultivar trials of sorrel, bell pepper, and Chinese kale. Research Assistants were also involved in planting and harvesting seeds of local corn and pumpkins to conserve landraces. Project director, Mari Marutani attended the First International Symposium on Moringa oleifera on 15-18 November 2015, at Manila, Philippines to learn about new developments in genetic resources and utilization of the species. PD also attended the International Union for Conservation of Nature-World Conservation Congress to attend during September 2 to 4, 2016 in Honolulu, Hawaii as a committee member of the Training Session of Plant Extinction Prevention Program Model: Partnering for Effective Conservation on Oceanic Islands with partially supported by USDA HATCH/MULTISTATE (50%) How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?The results of the project were shared with collaborators of the S-9 region by presentation of the work summary at the annual committee meeting. The results were distributed locally through a personal communication with growers, extension agents and students and workshops. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?Continue working on acquisition of germplasm of local interests; to characterize Hibiscus sabdariffa germlines focusing on evaluation of adaptation to Guam's climate as a replicated field trial and biochemical analysis of calyx. Continue testing new and traditionally important local cultivars of vegetables such as hot pepper (Capsicum annuum) and traditional root crops like sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas) for tropical agriculture.
Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals?
(1) Acquire and conserve genetic resources of crops and related wild species of importance to the Southern Region such as sorghum, peanut, watermelon, chili peppers, warm-season grasses, cowpea, clover, tropical/subtropical legumes, and others. Acquisitions of new plant germplasms included seeds of Moringa oleifera germline PKM-1. Local lines of Guam's field corn (Zea mays), cassava (Manihot esculenta) and pumpkins (Cucurbita spp.) were grown for regeneration of seeds. (2) Conduct genetic characterizations and phenotypic evaluations of the conserved crops and related wild species for commercially important genetic and agronomic traits. The study on Ageratum yellow vein virus (AYVV) of tomato in Guam was continued by Dr. R. L. Schlub, Extension plant pathologist, at the University of Guam. The disease was found in the southern part of the islands in December 2015 by identification by Real-time PCR analysis at the USDA Vegetable Laboratory for analysis. Field evaluations were conducted for sorrel (Hibiscus sabdariffa), bell pepper (Capsicum annuum), and Chinese kale (Brassica oleracea), cultivar group alboglabra as potential commercial crops for Guam. Joseph Tuquero, extension horticulturist, conducted trials of bell pepper and Chinese kale. Both are popular vegetables on Guam; however local production is very limited. Heat tolerant lines are currently being investigated to increase their production. In the sorrel evaluation, when they were transplanted on June 14, 2016, germline 'Day Neutral KDN' matured 11 weeks after transplanting while 'Unique leaf 128,' 'Black Open Fruit TTB,' '245 x TTB' matured around 15 weeks, and '100 Pink' and '186316 Dark Red' matured to produce calyx 17 weeks after transplanting. The slowest line was 'Standard Red Jak' with emergence of calyx after 22 weeks. (3) Distribute genetic resources and associated information to researchers, educators, and plant breeders in the Southern Region and worldwide. Summary of 2015 work in Guam was presented as a "Country report" at S-9 Advisory Committee meeting in June 14, 2016 and information was contributed to S-9 Regional project.
Publications
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Progress 11/17/14 to 09/30/15
Outputs
Target Audience:Researchers, educators, extension agents, and producers on Guam and other locations utilize crops and associated information for their activities. The users of plant genetic resources and associated information range from home school educators to university graduate and postdoc programs; from home gardeners to commercial growers; and from basic and applied genetic research to theoretical genomic research. Changes/Problems:
Nothing Reported
What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?University students interested in horticulture were trained in planting and harvesting cassava, pumpkins, and chili peppers. Tomato trial conducted by Tareyama et. al. was done as on-farm trials and growers were activity participated in investigation to find tomato cultivars adapted to their farm management. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?The results of the project were shared with collaborators of the S-9 region by presentation of the work summary at the annual committee meeting. The results were distributed locally through a personal communication with growers, extension agents and students. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?Continue to work on acquisition of germplasm of local interests; characterize Hibiscus sabdariffa germlines focusing on evaluation of adaptation to Guam's climate. Continue to test new cultivars of locally important vegetables and green manure crops against pests.
Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals?
(1) Acquire and conserve genetic resources of crops and related wild species of importance to the Southern Region such as sorghum, peanut, watermelon, chili peppers, warm-season grasses, cowpea, clover, tropical/subtropical legumes, and others. Acquisitions of new plant germplasms included seeds of ifit (Intsia bijuga) from American Samoa, and seeds of ten germlines of sorrel (Hibiscus sabdariffa) from University of the Virgin Islands. Local lines of chili peppers (Capsicum spp.), cassava (Manihot esculenta) pumpkins (Cucurbita spp.) were grown for regeneration of seeds. (2) Conduct genetic characterizations and phenotypic evaluations of the conserved crops and related wild species for commercially important genetic and agronomic traits. Eighteen tomato cultivars were evaluated for their resistance to Ageratum yellow vein virus in Guam by Tareyama, S., K. Schlub, R. Schlub and K-S. Ling. The results were presented at the 8th Annual IPM Symposium: Solutions for a Changing World on Mar 23-26, 2015 at Salt Lake City, Utah. Ranking was made by cooperating growers and five cultivars were chosen. However, the availability of seed sources was found to be very limited. (3) Distribute genetic resources and associated information to researchers, educators, and plant breeders in the Southern Region and worldwide. Summary of 2014 work in Guam was presented as a "Country report" at S-9 Advisory Committee meeting in July 21, 2015 and information was contributed to S-9 Regional project.
Publications
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2015
Citation:
Tareyama, S., Schlub, K., Schlub, R., & Ling, K.S. (2015). Field evaluation of commercial tomato cultivars against Ageratum yellow vein virus in Guam. Poster presented at: 8th Annual IPM Symposium: Solutions for a Changing World; 2015 Mar 23-26; Salt Lake City, Utah.
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