Source: NORTH CAROLINA STATE UNIV submitted to
EXTENSION IPM IMPLEMENTATION PROGRAM FOR NC: EVALUATION AND NEEDS ASSESSMENT, PEST MONITORING, INFORMATION DELIVERY, AND OUTREACH
Sponsoring Institution
National Institute of Food and Agriculture
Project Status
TERMINATED
Funding Source
OTHER GRANTS
Reporting Frequency
Annual
Accession No.
1004801
Grant No.
2014-70006-22569
Project No.
NC09265
Proposal No.
2014-07583
Multistate No.
(N/A)
Program Code
EIP
Project Start Date
Sep 1, 2014
Project End Date
Aug 31, 2018
Grant Year
2016
Project Director
Seth Carley, D. G.
Recipient Organization
NORTH CAROLINA STATE UNIV
(N/A)
RALEIGH,NC 27695
Performing Department
Crop Science
Non Technical Summary
Through North Carolina (NC) Cooperative Extension programs and intra-, inter-, and trans- disciplinary team collaboration we work to sustain and enhance environmental stewardship, reduce economic risks for growers and consumers, and protect human health by applying integrated pest management (IPM) in all appropriate settings, increase coordination and improve efficiency of IPM research and extension efforts by working to synergize efforts and leverage resources, promote further development and adoption of IPM through collaborative teams and broad-based stakeholder participation, and to document the impacts and value of IPM strategies, and programs, demonstrating that IPM works and build support for IPM among the general public and public policymakers. To accomplish these goals, for the purposes of this EIP grant, we will focus on 3 main objectives: 1) Develop, adapt, and employ programmatic impact Evaluation and Needs Assessment tools;2) Offer tools that will improve Pest Monitoring and Pest Forecasting protocols;3) Deliver IPM Technology and Information to stakeholders in a variety of North Carolina settings.Through the outputs and impacts from this program, NC Extension agents and stakeholders will become more knowledgeable about IPM and develop skill sets to implement IPM practices in agronomic crops and specialty crops.
Animal Health Component
0%
Research Effort Categories
Basic
(N/A)
Applied
(N/A)
Developmental
(N/A)
Classification

Knowledge Area (KA)Subject of Investigation (SOI)Field of Science (FOS)Percent
21624101060100%
Knowledge Area
216 - Integrated Pest Management Systems;

Subject Of Investigation
2410 - Cross-commodity research--multiple crops;

Field Of Science
1060 - Biology (whole systems);
Goals / Objectives
We will focus on 3 main objectives: 1) Develop Evaluation and Needs Assessment tools; 2) Improve Pest Monitoring and Pest Forecasting protocols; 3) Deliver IPM Technology and Information. We hope that through outputs and impacts from this program, NC Extension agents and stakeholders will become more knowledgeable about IPM and develop skill sets to implement IPM practices in agronomic crops and specialty crops.
Project Methods
For Objective 1:The Evaluation and Needs Assessment teamwill develop and validate process evaluation tools and make these available for others to use. At the monitoring step, process evaluation data and information will be reviewed by our Advisory Board annually. Program monitoring, followed by process evaluation, will be used to fine-tune the implementation process by detecting and fixing project and program shortfalls to assure the successful implementation of the proposed plan of work. Retrospective pre and post-test methods will be used to evaluate short-term outcomes such as program participants' knowledge improvement and skill development. This project implementation will be evaluated against the milestones identified by each of sub components (i.e. the evaluation process is structured into each program's plan of work). Evaluation will be built into the program planning so that, at the end of each program activity, that activity will be evaluated against the plan to learn from success and failures. For Objective 2:A multi-tier architectural design will be used in development of pest management applications, to facilitate creation of multiple user interfaces for different pests, audiences, and platforms (e.g., laptop computers, tablets, smart phones). Multiple web services will be offered toallow access to raw or processed data, as well as pre-formatted graphs and tables. We will alsodevelop specific web and smart phone applications (apps) that will be available to extension personnel and growers through the IPM portal. We will use technology to update the PDIC database (including adding digital images). Key extension specialists will use and evaluate search performance and provide feedback on ease of use, additional desired features, and unexpected problems to project leaders. After the initial development and testing phase, access to search features will be expanded to NCSU extension personnel. Project leaders will meet with IT personnel at least twice in the second year to discuss necessary adjustments and improvements.For Objective 3:We will contiune to add content to the IPM portal; we will begin to add "real-time" data for light-traps, weather, and other data. We will also increase the number of informational sections we have available (adding more information on pollinaotrs, strawberry diseases, etc.). For the pollinator protection workgroup, we will survey growers across the region to establish a baseline for who is (or is not) using pollinator-protecting IPM, etc., complete subsequent surveys to document "adoption" practices and successes, and establish pollinator habitat and demonstration gardens in multiple-states to act as educational/demonstration sites.

Progress 09/01/14 to 08/31/18

Outputs
Target Audience: Advisory Council Members, Pesticide Safety Education Program Educators, Extension Administrators, experiment station director, NC State University and Colleges' deans and provosts, NGOs, Federal Partners (i.e. EPA, USDA, etc.), State-wide growers, NC Extension specialists, IPM faculty and staff, NC A&T, working group members, homeowners, landscaping professionals, hospital/school/daycare managers, other regional technical committee members (SERA003), consumers, Christmas tree growers, small farmers, Master Gardeners, Crop consultants, Land managers, golf course superintnedents Changes/Problems:We struggled to receive our funding in a timely fashion. Our NIFA budget person was a real challenge to work with. She did not seem to read the budget narrative, and had questions that demonstrated her lack of understanding of how budgets are written. Things were held up for very long periods of time, for seemingly small reasons, that took months to clarify (primarily because she did not seem to read the responses to the questions she sent us to answer). As with everything, funding continues to be a challenge, so we did what was necessary, but she made this especially painful. Despite these frustrations, we are very grateful to continue to receive funding for the IPM programs. What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?Three years after supplying IPads and technology training to 21 county extension agents, an in-person survey was conducted to measure the impact of the program. Of the 8 responses (38% response rate), 7 of 8 agents were still using the IPad and also stated that it was a vital part of their county extension priorities. Agents would replace if funds were available and something happened to the IPad. A consistent trend throughout the survey was that the iPad increased productivity by quick access to apps, photos, emails, and publications in the field and the office. The iPads are also used in a wide variety of innovative ways from drone unit technology to a mobile agricultural simulator (Agri-Pride) rig used to educate youth and adults about the value of six commodity crops grown in North Carolina. In 2016, the NC State Consumer Horticulture and Extension Master Gardener Volunteer (EMGV) Programs have incorporated Turning Technologies clickers to create opportunities for engagement and input from Consumer Horticulture Agents at the 2016 NC Extension Conference. The participants who have used Turning Technologies clickers are more attentive and responsive, providing valuable statistics for volunteer and agent interaction and knowledge assessment as part of instruction. · 35 Attendees - 2016 State Extension Conference, November 16, 2016 · Session for Horticulture Agents: Functional Tools for Extension Master Gardener Initial Training · 35 Clickers used provide a broad pre-training knowledge assessment of the Extension Gardener Handbook Soils Chapter as an example for use in EMGV Initial Training · Participants were able to self-assess number correct with clickers providing instructors participants basis of comprehension of the Soils Chapter which could be used to better focus instruction. In 2017, the NC Extension Master Gardener Volunteer Program incorporated Turning Technologies clickers to create opportunities for engagement and gathering input from participants. Those who used Turning Technologies clickers were more attentive and responsive, providing valuable input and knowledge assessment as part of instruction. The State Extension Master Gardener Coordinator used the 35 clickers in workshops withConsumer Horticulture Agents and Extension Master Gardener Volunteers. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?In September 2015, we worked with our Advisory Council to revise our current Communication Plan. In doing so, we refined our main audiences, which include mostly professionals within the IPM arena and anyone in an organization that deals with a component of IPM. Some individuals included in these audiences are reading pest news stories either directly from the website or through the e-mailed newsletter (which we call pest news). We send pest news out weekly pest news and information, have an active twitter account, and provide "immediate" pest alerts. We also have a vibrant website (IPMportal), and our affiliated Extension Specialists spend time traveling all over the state giving talks to our stakeholders. We provide advice and assistance to stakeholders with evaluation planning and data collection when faculty and other stakeholders call on us directly. Followers of the blog range from land grant specialists and members of IPM-related industries to members of the general public. Those who follow via e-mail tend to be from land grant universities or government agencies, and those who follow via WordPress accounts tend to be from unknown backgrounds, although a few are from garden centers, farms or the pest control industry. We have an active twitter feed with 1,603 tweets and 255 followers. Light trap data was used in Long-Term Empirical and Observational Evidence of Practical Helicoverpa zea Resistance to Cotton With Pyramided BtToxins publication. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?Continue to maintain the Twitter account, website (IPM portal), pest news, etc. The project period ended August 2018.

Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals? Project 1.1 - Evaluation and Needs Assessment As a result of the needs assessment for Small-scale farms, IPM training needs were apparent. For instance, the survey produced a lot of insight into the small farm tomato industry of North Carolina. Of the 111 growers surveyed, 37% of the farmers reported production of tomatoes and other vegetables. Furthermore, 86% of the tomato small farms surveyed grow less than one acre of tomatoes. In the survey, farmers were asked what 3 crops from their list experienced the greatest damage from pests. Diseases were more common on cucurbits, cut flowers, nursery crops, tomatoes and tree fruits. Diseases affecting tomatoes in the last 5 years was reported by 74% of respondents. Educational training materials are needed for agents and farmers to address IPM practices in tomato practices. The results proved an obvious need for IPM education in tomatoes, which as a result was included in the next round of the grant process. Currently with support from NIFA, tomato disease fact sheets are currently being developed to help small-scale tomato farmers. We plan to continue to provide data to extension specialists and agents alike to help improve IPM training in North Carolina small farms. Project 1.3 - Evaluation of non-Bt corn refuges Based on the findings of Reisig (2017), providing information to growers on non-Bt refuge was not an effective method to increase refuge compliance. Therefore, a different tactic was taken during 2018. Experimental evidence from the social sciences could be helpful and suggests that community-based regional programs could be more effective to delay resistance than top-down mandated programs, since non-Bt refuge is a common pool resource. Therefore, an emotional-based appeal was given in nine county meetings across eastern North Carolina. Growers in were then surveyed for their intention to plant non-Bt refuge before and after the appeal. Growers in nine other counties were also surveyed for their intention to plant non-Bt refuge in county meetings where the emotional appeal was not given as a check. 415 growers participated in the surveys across 18 counties through grower meeting between January and March 2018. Project 2.1 - Deliver pest forecasting and crop development models in a consistent and accurate manner by using web-based and mobile delivery tools Strawberry work was integrated into several tiers of activity to refine and deliver real-time model outcomes to help growers make disease management decisions. 1) The most up-to-date recommendations were developed concerning IPM practices and optimal use of available fungicides. These recommendations were informed by a region-wide monitoring program to assess fungicide resistance profiles in Botrytis and Collectotrichum populations and but the most recent efficacy trials conducted in the southeast. These recommendations were the widely distributed through a "one-pager" widely distributed through newsletter and web-based outlets and also incorporated into our annual Strawberry IPM guide (smallfruits.org). 2) The Strawberry Fruit Infection Risk Tool was updated (see below) and featured in multiple extension presentation at local, regional, and national meetings. This tool is available to growers within the NCSU Extension IPM portal system and it has received 169, 235, and 133 page visits in 2016, 2017 and 2018 to date, respectively. 3) The Infection tool was complimented with fungicide trials to evaluate new products and to fine-tune the tool. The weekly use and forecast treatments suppressed total incidence of Anthracnose (AFR) and Botrytis (BFR) to 2.0% and 2.4% using 9 and 4 applications, respectively, similar to one-another but significantly less than the non-spray control (P=0.05). Early season incidence of AFR and BFR were higher in the forecast-based plots suggesting the tool should be refined to enhance early season pressure. [RSA1] Project 2.2 - Weather data support for pest modeling A journal article describing the development and structure of this project's software framework and current models was written and is currently being revised for submission. Modification to the framework's code has continued to improve data handling for optimizing model performance, development of user interfaces and facilitating the addition of new models. Preliminary work has begun to incorporate Applied Climate Information System (ACIS) Web Services data into the framework to provide weather data from weather stations maintained by apple growers in western North Carolina. Development began on a fire blight forecasting model for North Carolina apples. The model is based on degree-day models used by the Maryblyt model. Station weather data and National Weather Service forecast data managed through the framework are used by the NC fire blight model to predict apple flower development from green tip through petal fall and to predict blossom infection events. In addition, since this model primarily relies on temperature data, and below-freezing temperatures can occur and kill buds/flowers during this period of apple development, information on freeze events and predicted flower loss are also being calculated. The complexity of this model relative to previous models developed within the framework has been the main reason for changes to the underlying framework. Project 2.4 - Provide a real-time data delivery system for trap monitoring programs in Agronomic and Specialty crops Light traps provide information on when certain insects are moving in the system and when they might be expected to be a problem in certain crops. Since 2014, trap catches have been placed on the NCSU Extension IPM portal, https://www.ces.ncsu.edu/trap-data/, where the data can be accessed in real-time. County agents no longer have to email data to someone for distribution, but can upload data directly to the using a QR code and smartphone, or on a desktop computer. Data are easier to compare across locations, since the graph line up by date. Furthermore, pests can be selected using the sidebar so that only the data that the user in interested in is visible. During the winter of 2016/2017, we gather light trap information from 1993-2016. The information will be useful for publications and future research. For example, Dominic Reisig used the light trap data in journal of economic entomology publication. Project 3.1 - Further develop the newly launched NCSU Extension IPM portal for web-based and mobile delivery of extension information. A new IPM portal (http://ipm.ces.ncsu.edu) was developed within the NCSU Extension WordPress system and was made accessible to the public on April 17th, 2014. At that time, the system included about 40 commodity-specific, issue-related, and NCSU departmental extension portals, along with all North Carolina county extension web sites. In 2016, the NCSU Extension WordPress system was updated with a new look to improve readability on mobile devices. We continue to populate the NCSU Extension IPM portal with new useful and requested information and currently have 193 Posts & 83 Pages.

Publications

  • Type: Books Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: Walgenbach J., H. Burrack. ed. 2018. Insect and Disease Control of Fruits. IN: North Carolina Agricultural Chemicals Manual. https://content.ces.ncsu.edu/north-carolina-agricultural-chemicals-manual. (Annual Updates)
  • Type: Book Chapters Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: Louws, F.J. 2013-2018. Relative effectiveness of various fungicides for strawberry disease control. IN: North Carolina Agricultural Chemicals Manual. (Annual Updates).
  • Type: Book Chapters Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: Louws, F.J. 2013-2018. Summary of fungicide use in strawberries for Botrytis and anthracnose control in the spring. IN: North Carolina Agricultural Chemicals Manual. (Annual Updates).
  • Type: Book Chapters Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: Louws, F.J. and D. Ingram 2013-2018. Greenhouse vegetable crop disease control schedule. IN: North Carolina Agricultural Chemicals Manual. (Annual Updates)
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2017 Citation: Rahman M., and F.J. Louws. Epidemiological Significance of Crown Rot in the Fruiting Field in Relation to Colletotrichum gloeosporioides Infection of Strawberry Nursery Plants. Plant Disease.
  • Type: Books Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: 2018 Southeast Regional Strawberry Integrated Pest Management Guide. 2018. Louws F.J. ed. http://www.smallfruits.org/assets/documents/ipm-guides/StrawberryIPMGuide.pdf
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: Reisig, D.D., A.S. Huseth, J.S. Bacheler, M.A. Aghaee, L. Brasweel, H.J. Burrack, K. Flanders, J.K. Greene, D.A. Herbert, A. Jacobson, S.V. Paula-Moraes, P. Roberts, and S.V. Taylor. 2018. Long-term Empirical and Observational Evidence of Practical Helicoverpa zea Resistance to Cotton With Pyramided Bt Toxins. Journal of Economic Entomology.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Under Review Year Published: 2018 Citation: Buol, G.S., G.G. Wilkerson, F. Louws, D. S. Carley & J. Walgenbach. 2017. Integrated framework for weather-based crop and pest management decision aids. Computers & Electronics in Agriculture (Resubmitted and in review).
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2017 Citation: Louws, F.J., M. Rahman, G. Buol, G. Wilkerson, and R. Boyles. 2017. Development and deployment of a strawberry disease advisory system in North Carolina. Phytopathology 107:S23.
  • Type: Websites Status: Published Year Published: 2017 Citation: New fungicide recommendation for Anthracnose and Botrytis in Strawberries. Updated 2018. https://ipm.ces.ncsu.edu/2016/03/new-fungicide-recommendations-for-anthracnose-and-botrytis-in-strawberries/
  • Type: Websites Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: Poling, B., Louws F.J., G. Schnabel and C. Johnson. Updated 2018. Fungicide Selection for Botrytis and Anthracnose Fruit Rot Management 2018. https://ipm.ces.ncsu.edu/guide-for-fungicide-use-for-gray-mold-and-anthracnose-in-strawberries/
  • Type: Other Status: Other Year Published: 2017 Citation: M. Mata, D.S. Carley, and A. Spafford. 2017. Sustainably managed landscapes: pollinator-friendly gardens as an educational tool for community outreach and education. (poster presented at professional meeting)
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2017 Citation: D.S. Carley, M. Mata, and A. Spafford. 2017. Pollinator-friendly gardens as an educational tool for community outreach and education. (presented at professional meeting)
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: Louws, F. et al. Emerging problems with fungicide resistance to manage Botrytis and Anthracnose. Ontario Fruit and Vegetable Convention (Berry Growers of Ontario). Niagara Falls ON. Feb 21, 2018.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: Louws, F. et al. Managing Anthracnose: Current work on host resistance, forecasting models and other IPM. tactics. Ontario Fruit and Vegetable Convention (Berry Growers of Ontario). Niagara Falls ON. Feb 20, 2018.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: D.Seth Carley, M. Mata, and A. Spafford Urban gardens as a platform for experiential learning: Pollinator conservation, citizen science, and sustainability. 9th International IPM Symposium, March 2018 Baltimore, Maryland USA.
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2017 Citation: S. Klein, D. Seth Carley. Pollinators: Establishing Habitat for a Declining Ecosystem Servicer. NC Turfgrass Magazine Spring 2017
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2018 Citation: D. Seth Carley. Advancing Regulatory Science in Agriculture. NCBiotech Soil Health Summit, February 2018


Progress 09/01/16 to 08/31/17

Outputs
Target Audience:Advisory Council, Pesticide Safety Education Program Educators, Extension Administrators and CALS Administration, NC University and College deans and provosts, NGOs, Federal Partners (i.e. EPA, USDA, etc.), Growers, Extension specialists, IPM faculty and staff, NC A&T (NC's 1890),homeowners, landscaping professionals, growers, hospital/school/daycare managers, other regional technical committee members (through my participation with SERA003), consumers, regulatory agencies Changes/Problems: Nothing Reported What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?We provided training to 25 Extension Agents on how to best use their ipads for on-the go extension activities including using the photo function to submit photos to the plant disease and insect diagnostic clinic, as well as contacting Extension specialists, accessing IPM information "in the field", etc. In 2016, the NC State Consumer Horticulture and Extension Master Gardener Volunteer (EMGV) Programs have incorporated Turning Technologies clickers to create opportunities for engagement and input from Consumer Horticulture Agents at the 2016 NC Extension Conference. The participants who have used Turning Technologies clickers are more attentive and responsive, providing valuable statistics for volunteer and agent interaction and knowledge assessment as part of instruction. 35 Attendees - 2016 State Extension Conference, November 16, 2016 Session for Horticulture Agents: Functional Tools for Extension Master Gardener Initial Training 35 Clickers used provide a broad pre-training knowledge assessment of the Extension Gardener Handbook Soils Chapter as an example for use in EMGV Initial Training Participants were able to self-assess number correct with clickers providing instructors participant basis of comprehension of the Soils Chapter which could be used to better focus instruction. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?In September 2015, we worked with our Advisory Council to revise our current Communication Plan. In doing so, we refined our main audiences, which include mostly professionals within the IPM arena and anyone in an organization that deals with a component of IPM. Some individuals included in these audiences are reading pest news stories either directly from thewebsite or through the e-mailed newsletter (which we call pest news). We send pest news out weekly pest news and information,have an active Twitter account, and provide "immediate" pest alerts. We also have a virbant website (IPMportal), and our affiliated Extension specialists spend time traveling all over the state giveing talks to our stakeholders. We provide advice and assistance to stakeholders with evaluation planning and data collection when faculty and other stakeholders call onus directly. Followers of the blog range from land grant specialists and members of IPM-related industries to members of the general public. Those who follow via e-mail tend to be from land grant universities or government agencies, and those who follow via WordPress accounts tend to be from unknown backgrounds, although a few are from garden centers, farms or the pest control industry. We have an active Twitter feed. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?Continue to maintain the Twitter account, website (IPM Portal), pest news, etc.

Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals? Project 1.2 - Program Evaluation Tools - We have not yet completed this evaluation tool; we plan to continue to work on this in our "extension" year. Project 1.3 - Evaluation for non-Bt corn refuges North Carolina corn growers were surveyed for intention to plant non-Bt maize refuge, understanding of the importance of refuge, and for their perceptions on actions that would encourage refuge plantings. Only 38.3 to 44.3% growers indicated they were planning to plant refuge, and 22 to 29.4% were uncertain about this. Additionally, the verbal county meeting presentation did not increase grower intention to plant more refuge. Although this medium increased understanding directly following the presentation, understanding did not change two years later. Total cropland and farm size were most consistently correlated with intention to plant refuge and understanding of the importance of planting refuge. Project 2.1 - Deliver pest forecasting and crop development models in a consistent and accurate manner by using web-based and mobile delivery tools Strawberry work was integrated into several tiers of activity to refine and deliver real-time model outcomes to help growers make disease management decisions. 1) The most up-to-date recommendations were developed concerning IPM practices and optimum use of available fungicides. These recommendations were informed by a region-wide monitoring program to assess fungicide resistance profiles in Botrytis and Colletotrichum populations and but the most recent efficacy trials conducted in the southeast. These recommendations were then widely distributed through a "one-pager" widely distributed through newsletter and web-based outlets and also incorporated into our annual Strawberry IPM guide (smallfruits.org). 2) The Strawberry Fruit Infection Risk Tool was updated (see below) and featured in multiple extension presentations at local, regional and national meetings. This tool is available to growers within the NCSU Extension IPM portal system and it received 169 and 235 page visits in 2016 and 2017, respectively. 3) The Infection tool was complimented with fungicide trials to evaluate new products and to fine-tune the tool. The weekly and forecast treatments suppressed total incidence of Anthracnost (AFR) and Botrytis (BFR) to 2.0% and 2.4% using 9 and 4 applications, respectively, similar to one-another but significantly less than the non-sprayed control (P=0.05). Early season incidence of AFR and BFR were higher in the forecast-based plots suggesting the tool should be refined to enhance early season pressure. Project 2.2 - Weather data support for pest modeling In order to develop and deliver timely guidance to agents and growers on emerging risk of pests using the established models, our State Climate Office Pest Modeling team completely re-wrote and greatly enhanced the web-services pathway to our entire weather database with the support of the EIP grant. This new Application Programming Interfacewas "fine-tuned' during 2016-2017 and allows for a more seamless data search and retrieval of station data from a range of public providers. A Strawberry Fruit Infection Risk Tool that was made available to growers in Spring 2015 was modified this year, based on feedback from users, to display risk indices calculated using only one model, rather than using both models included in the original application. This program provides on-demand access to current and historical climate data for 35 ECONet sites in NC. An apple codling moth forecasting model that was made available to growers in Spring 2016 has been demonstrated in extension meetings and tested by extension personnel and growers. Forecasting models for tufted apple bud moth and oriental fruit moth were added to the application this year and were made available to growers for testing in Spring 2017. Project 2.4 - Provide a real-time data delivery system for trap monitoring programs in Agronomic and Specialty crops Light traps provide information on when certain insects are moving in the system and when they might be expected to be a problem in certain crops. Since 2014, trap catches have been placed on the NCSU Extension IPM portal, https://www.ces.ncsu.edu/trap-data/, where the data can be accessed in real-time. County agents no longer have to e-mail data to someone for distribution, but can upload data directly to the portal using a QR code and smartphone, or on a desktop computer. Data are easier to compare across locations, since the graphs line up by date. Furthermore, pests can be selected using the sidebar so that only the data that the user is interested in is visible. During the winter of 2016/2017, we gathered light trap information from 1993-2016. This information will be useful for publications and future research. For example, Dominic Reisig is using this information to show relative abundances of H. zea across years in a manuscript describing the first instance of practical resistance of a pest to pyramided Bt cotton. Project 3.1 - Further develop the newly launched NCSU Extension IPM portal for web-based and mobile delivery of extension information. A new IPM portal (http://ipm.ces.ncsu.edu) was developed within the NCSU Extension WordPress system and was made accessible to the public on April 17, 2014. At that time, the system included about 40 commodity-specific, issue-related, and NCSU departmental extension portals, along with all North Carolina county extension web sites. In 2016, the NCSU Extension WordPress system was updated with a new look to improve readability on mobile devices. We continue to populate the NCSU Extension IPM portal with new useful and requested information. Project 3.2 - Enhanced In-Service Training for Extension Agents In 2016, the NC State Consumer Horticulture and Extension Master Gardener Volunteer (EMGV) Programs have incorporated Turning Technologies clickers to create opportunities for engagement and input from Consumer Horticulture Agents at the 2016 NC Extension Conference. The participants who have used Turning Technologies clickers are more attentive and responsive, providing valuable statistics for volunteer and agent interaction and knowledge assessment as part of instruction. Project 3.3 IPM for Pollinator Protection Working Group: A working group to address the pollinator conservation and concerns from a Southern Region perspective We participated in Turf Field Day and the Horticultural Field Day to discuss concerns around pollinator protection, and the "truth" about bee kills, safe pesticide use and bee protection, and how to increase pollinator habitat. Over 300, and 150 (respectively) people visited our demonstration habitats and participated in the presentations. In year 3 we also participated in a number of grower meetings and other community events to engage our communities in this conversation, including participation in a "Bee Aware" day at the State Farmers' Market, where we had a booth, posters, and information related to pollinator protection. In year 3, we plan to take our display to other farmers' markets across the state. We continued to work on the NC MP3 document (Pollinator Protection Plan) - which is now published, and continue to be an active member of the NC Bee Stewardship Workgroup.

Publications

  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2017 Citation: Reisig, D. D. 2017. Factors associated with willingness to plant non-Bt maize refuge and suggestions for increasing refuge compliance. Journal of Integrated Pest Management. doi: 10.1093/jipm/pmx002
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Under Review Year Published: 2017 Citation: Buol, G. S., G. G. Wilkerson, F. Louws, D. S. Carley, & J. Walgenbach. 2017. Integrated framework for weather-based crop and pest management decision aids. Computers & Electronics in Agriculture (In review).
  • Type: Books Status: Published Year Published: 2017 Citation: 2017 Southeast Regional Strawberry Integrated Pest Management Guide. 2017. Louws F.J. ed. http://www.smallfruits.org/SmallFruitsRegGuide/Guides/2017/2017StrawberryIPMGuide_Final.pdf
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2017 Citation: Louws, F.J. 2016. Enabling on-farm strawberry disease management by linking basic and applied research to extension programing. Int. Soc. Hort. Sci. Strawberry Symposium, Quebec City, Quebec. 16 Aug 2016.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2017 Citation: Louws, F.J. Integrated management of strawberry (fruit) diseases. 2017 Horticulture Industries Conference and Trade Show (AR/OK). Fayetteville, AR. 13 January 2017.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2017 Citation: Integrated management of vegetable diseases. 2017 AR Strawberry Growers Association. Conway, AR. 12 January 2017.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2017 Citation: Louws F.J., C Johnson and G. Schnabel. Disease management in strawberries. Southeast Strawberry Expo. 8 Nov, 2016.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2016 Citation: Louws F.J. Research outcomes supported by the NC Strawberry Association. Southeast Strawberry Expo. 8 Nov, 2016.
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2016 Citation: Seth Carley, D. 2016. Pollinator habitat for the bees, birds, and butterflies. North Carolina Field and Family. Spring issue.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2016 Citation: Louws, F.J. Strawberry preplant meeting. Biology and integrated management of diseases. Johnston Co. NC 30 August, 2016. (By Video in Alamance Co, NC. August 9, 2016.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2016 Citation: 1. Seth Carley D., OBrien J., Dubois J.-J., Tarpy D., McLaughlin R. Assessment of pollinator habitat along roadsides in the Piedmont of North Carolina. 2016. 6th International Conference on Landscape & Urban Horticulture. Athens, Greece. June 2016.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2016 Citation: Programs to Help Increase Adoption of IPM across the South. The University of Florida IPM Engagement Across the South. Gainesville, FL. December 2016.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2016 Citation: IPM in your Home Landscape. 6th annual Farm Bureau Symposium UNC Pembroke Seminar series, Pembroke, NC. 2016.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2016 Citation: IPM programs for Mapping Crop Pests. Entomology Seminar Series, Raleigh, NC. 2016
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2016 Citation: Seth Carley, D. and S. Klein. 2016. Got Pollinators? Get the buzz on establishing pollinator habitat on your golf course, in your yard, or almost anywhere! May/June North Carolina Turfgrass Magazine.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2016 Citation: Wake County Bee Keepers Association  Native Plants to Enhance Bee Forage Habitat Raleigh, NC. July 2016
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2016 Citation: Turfgrass Field Day  Habitat for Pollinator Protection and Conservation Raleigh, NC. August 2016
  • Type: Websites Status: Published Year Published: 2016 Citation: Insect trap data for North Carolina https://www.ces.ncsu.edu/trap-data/ Real-time trap data on NCSU Extension IPM Portal Strawberry Fruit Infection Risk Tool for Anthracnose and Botrytis Day-Degree Model for Codling Moth and other insects
  • Type: Websites Status: Published Year Published: 2017 Citation: Fungicide Selection for Botrytis and Anthracnose Fruit Rot Management 2017. https://strawberries.ces.ncsu.edu/2017/02/fungicide-selection-for-botrytis-and-anthracnose-fruit-rot-management-2017/
  • Type: Websites Status: Published Year Published: 2017 Citation: New fungicide recommendations for Anthracnose and Botrytis in Strawberries. 2016. https://ipm.ces.ncsu.edu/2016/03/new-fungicide-recommendations-for-anthracnose-and-botrytis-in-strawberries/
  • Type: Websites Status: Published Year Published: 2017 Citation: Use advisory tool and links to guide strawberry disease management decisions. R. Hallberg. Southern IPM Center. May 1, 2017. https://ipmsouth.com/tag/botrytis-fruit-rot/
  • Type: Websites Status: Published Year Published: 2017 Citation: Southeastern Strawberry Growers Advised to Prepare for Disease Pressure. D. Eddy. Growing Produce. May 2, 2017. http://www.growingproduce.com/fruits/berries/southeastern-strawberry-growers-advised-to-prepare-for-disease-pressure/
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2016 Citation: The NC Pest News articles which are authored by NC Extension Specialists from diverse agricultural disciplines were distributed to over 600 subscribers and had 1,963 page views. Extension Specialist, Dr. D. Reisig, authored 75 Pest News/Pest Alerts articles during 2016.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2016 Citation: Bradley, L. Functional Tools for Extension Master Gardener Initial Training. November 16, 2016, 2016 State Extension Conference, Raleigh, NC.


Progress 09/01/15 to 08/31/16

Outputs
Target Audience:Advisory Council, Pesticide Safety Education Program Educators, Extension specialists, State university and college faculty, NGOs, Growers, Extension agents, IPM faculty and staff, IPM working group members, homeowners, landscaping professionals, growers, hospital/school/daycare managers, , consumers Changes/Problems:Funding is always a problem. We were unable to fully complete a few projects in the time-frame we hoped to do to funding constraints. Our Program Manager also recently left the program. We are in the process of recruting for that position, but in the mean time, program impact reporting has slowed down. What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided? Also refer to trainings vido-recorded and listed under "other products" individually. They are NOT included here. NC Extension Agent Training Field Crops Diagnostics - 24 Extension Agents/extension district directors Herbicide Injury Symptoms Workshop - 50 attendees (Agents and NCDA employees) IPM Resources - 5 sessions with a total of 51 extension agents iPad Workshop for Agents - 28 agents iPad Agent Discussion Group Meeting - 26 extension agents and specialists Farmer Outreach - Exhibits on IPM strategies and IPM Portal Winter Vegetable Conference/NC Tomato Growers Asso - Jan 2015 (over 100 particpants) NC Farm School Foot Hill Field Day - May 2015 over 50 growers Small Farms Field Day - June 2015 (over 100 participants Public Outreach FAA Teachers Conference (Greensboro) - presentation on IPM to 80 teachers Bugfest 2015 - NC Museum of Natural Sciences (Raleigh) What is IPM? exhibit Bugs Day 2015 - Schiele Museum (Gastonia) Be an IPM Champion exhibit Honey Bee Day 2015 - Farmer's Market (Raleigh) IPM for Pollinator Protection Working Group "How to add pollinator habitat to your yard or greenspace" over 300 participants (Raleigh) How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?We share our successes through Twitter, the IPM Portal, PEst Alters and Pest News, as well as many talks/presentations, direct emails, and publications. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?This is the final year of this grant. we hope to wrap up the last items we plan to accomplish under this 3 year grant program, build on those successes, and work towards another successful EIP grant program in the future.

Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals? (I had too much included here, so I had to edit!) Project 1.1 - Needs Assessment for Small-Scale Farms: Based on what we learned in years 1 and 2, we are now able to begin making recommendations and implementing future trainings and in-service opportunities for our small-scale farmers and stakeholders based. The needs assessment survey data is being written for a journal article and will be submitted for publication in a peer-reviewed journal. Project 1.2 - Program Evaluation Tools Appropriate strategies for documenting the broad impacts of IPM programs must be developed in order for the general public and IPM funding sources to fully appreciate the real value of IPM programs. This year we have worked to develop and validate evaluation tools to determine IPM needs, changes in IPM knowledge, and program outcomes and impacts in these 3 pilot programs. Project 1.3 - Evaluation for non-Bt corn refuges Under the direction of Dr. D. Reisig we recently completed a survey targeted at grower compliance with non-BT refuge corn-planting. In year 1, this survey was distributed at 13 grower meetings in NC. We have analyzed the survey responses and will use this information to direct education efforts moveing forward. Project 2.1 - Deliver pest forecasting and crop development models in a consistent and accurate manner by using web-based and mobile delivery tools There is a diversity of pest forecasting and risk assessment models that play important roles in the pest management decision process in NC Agronomic and Specialty crops (some of which are listed here: http://ipm.ces.ncsu.edu/ipm-decision-aids/). In year 2014, a web-specific application was created and designed specifically for strawberry extension personnel and producers. This interface for the strawberry disease forecasting model was designed to facilitate validation and testing of multiple models. In late 2015, a new map-based interface, the Strawberry Fruit Infection Risk Tool, displayed Botrytis and anthracnose fruit rot risks for the 35 ECONet stations in NC that have leaf wetness sensors. We just recently completed the codling moth phenology model (apple), and cereal leaf beetle egg model (in wheat). Project 2.2 - Weather data support for pest modeling In order to develop and deliver timely guidance to agents and growers on emerging risk of pests using the established models, our State Climate Office Pest Modeling team completely re-wrote and greatly enhanced the web-services pathway to our entire weather database. To date, different network datasets have been linked together, allowing for a more seamless data search and retrieval of station data from a range of public providers. This data retrieval is available in a variety of universal output formats, such as delimited text formats, JavaScript Object Notation (JSON), and Georeferenced JSON. We continue to test and enhance this system throughout the rest of this project. Project 2.3 - Enhanced searching and output features of the PDIC and NC State University Herbarium Databases The Plant Disease and Insect Clinic (PDIC) at NC State University offers a comprehensive array of diagnostic services (http://bit.ly/16WQal2) and provides an important service to our stakeholders. In the last year, we have been working to enhance what we already have available at the PDIC website and database. Project 2.4 - Provide a real-time data delivery system for trap monitoring programs in Agronomic and Specialty crops Scouting and diagnostic tools are being added to the new IPM portal as they go live. A new process for mobile reporting of trap data for corn, cotton, and small grains has been developed, and is being incorporated into the IPM portal. We continue to add new insect trap data as the data are reported live from the field. The tool can be viewed at http://ipm.ces.ncsu.edu/trap-data/. We have also begun providing push-alerts for stakeholders who sign up for this service through our website; we will continue to offer these and other pest alerts as they become available. Project 3.1 - Further develop the newly launched NC IPM portal for web-based and mobile delivery of extension information. The new IPM portal was developed within the NC Cooperative Extension Wordpress system and was made accessible to the public on April 17, 2014. In that year, the NC EIP launched the new IPM portal - http://ipm.ces.ncsu.edu. When launched, the portal contained only the "bare essentials". In the last year of this program, we have continues to populate the IPM portal with useful and requested IPM information. Most recently, we have included more pollinator information and added to our "sustainable agriculture and organic production" pages. Project 3.2 - Enhanced In-Service Training for Extension Agents In 2015, agent trainings included 5 district area sessions on IPM resources including the use of NCSU's Plant Disease and Insect Clinic for pest identification with biological samples and photographs, and the NCDA's Agronomic Services including plant tissue analysis, nematode testing, solution and soilless media analysis. In addition, a 3rd presentation introduced agents to sources of IPM information found on the IPM Portal. Agents learned how to subscribe to the NC Pest News and Pest Alerts so they could easily receive current pest information provided by Agriculture Extension Specialists via email on a weekly basis. Another training, during the summer of 2015 taught field diagnostic techniques using mobile technology. Twenty-eight extension agents were issued an iPad Air and received instruction from Rhonda Conlon Director of Extension IT and an Apple, Inc. education representative. During the one day session, agents learned the basics of iPad care and use, organized their iPad screen to easily access IPM information found on the IPM Portal and at other educational sources, utilized Apple Apps such as iBooks and downloaded IPM apps from that would likely be useful in the field. Agents were surveyed prior to receiving an iPad and at 2, 4 and 7 weeks after the iPad training to measure the usefulness of the iPad as tool in the field. A follow-up meeting with agents was held in December to discuss the many successes and a few challenges with using an iPad in the field. Project 3.3. IPM for Pollinator Protection Working Group: A working group to address the pollinator conservation and concerns from a Southern Region perspective This year we participated in Turf Field Day to discuss concerns around pollinator protection, and the "truth" about bee kills, safe pesticide use and bee protection, and how to increase pollinator habitat. Over 300 people visited our demonstration habitats and participated in the presentation. Last summer, e expanded our outreach efforts and participated in a number of meetings to engage our communities in this conversation, including participation in a "Bee Aware" day at the State Farmers' Market, where we had a booth, posters, and information related to pollinator protection. We have also worked with the NC MP3 document (Pollinator Protection Plan).

Publications

  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2015 Citation: Integrated Pest Management Soybean Scouting Manual (NC State University publication AG- 385) https://soybeans.ces.ncsu.edu/scouting-for-insects/
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2016 Citation: 2016 Peanut guide http://content.ces.ncsu.edu/peanut-information
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2016 Citation: Worried about PPO-Resistant Pigweed in NC? https://ipm.ces.ncsu.edu/2016/01/worried-about-ppo-resistant-pigweed-in-nc/
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2016 Citation: Be on the Lookout for a New Invasive Aphid of Wheat. https://entomology.ces.ncsu.edu/2016/01/be-on-the-lookout-for-a-new-invasive-aphid-of-wheat/
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2016 Citation: Emergency section 18 label approved for Mertect to control black rot postharvest on sweetpotato in North Carolina. https://plantpathology.ces.ncsu.edu/2016/01/emergency-section-18-label-approved-for-mertect-to-control-black-rot-postharvest-on-sweetpotato/
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2016 Citation: Preventative measures can help to control squash bugs https://ipm.ces.ncsu.edu/2016/01/preventative-measures-can-help-to-control-squash-bugs/
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2016 Citation: Its That Time of Year Again  Preemergence Weed Control https://horticulture.ces.ncsu.edu/2016/02/its-that-time-of-year-again-preemergence-weed-control/
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2016 Citation: Disc or Spray your Wheat Infested with Hessian Fly? https://entomology.ces.ncsu.edu/2016/03/disc-or-spray-your-wheat-infested-with-hessian-fly/
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2016 Citation: US EPA Approves Use of Aldicarb for 2016 Season https://cotton.ces.ncsu.edu/2016/03/us-epa-approves-use-of-aldicarb-for-2016-season/
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2016 Citation: Check Fruit Trees for Scale Pests https://growingsmallfarms.ces.ncsu.edu/2016/02/check-fruit-trees-for-scale-pests/
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2016 Citation: Be Prepared in 2016 for turf insects https://carteret.ces.ncsu.edu/2016/03/be-prepared-in-2016/
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2016 Citation: New Extension Publication- Managing Thrips in Cotton: Research in the Southeast Region https://cotton.ces.ncsu.edu/2016/04/new-extension-publication-managing-thrips-in-cotton-research-in-the-southeast-region/
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2016 Citation: Keep an eye out for gummy stem blight in watermelons https://plantpathology.ces.ncsu.edu/2016/05/keep-an-eye-out-for-gummy-stem-blight-in-watermelons/
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2016 Citation: Late blight detected on tomato in home garden in South Carolina https://plantpathology.ces.ncsu.edu/2016/04/late-blight-detected-on-tomato-in-home-garden-in-south-carolina/
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2016 Citation: Downy Mildew on Coleus: Update https://plantpathology.ces.ncsu.edu/2016/04/downy-mildew-on-coleus-update/
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2016 Citation: 2016 Fungicide Spray Guide for Tomato in North Carolina https://plantpathology.ces.ncsu.edu/wp-content/uploads/2016/03/2016-NCSU-Fungicide-Spray-Guide-for-Tomato-in-North-Carolina.pdf?fwd=no
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2016 Citation: Hosta Virus X: Multiple Detections in NC https://plantpathology.ces.ncsu.edu/2016/05/hosta-virus-x-multiple-detections-in-nc/
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2016 Citation: Emergency Section 18 Approved for Transform to Control Sugarcane Aphid in NC Sorghum During 2016 https://entomology.ces.ncsu.edu/2016/05/emergency-section-18-approved-for-transform-to-control-sugarcane-aphid-in-nc-sorghum-during-2016/
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2016 Citation: Thrips Risk Forecast 2016- Should you Spray? https://cotton.ces.ncsu.edu/2016/05/thrips-risk-forecast-2016-should-you-spray/
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2016 Citation: What is Azalea Leafminer? Nursery Pest Alert! https://wilson.ces.ncsu.edu/2016/05/what-are-azalea-leafminers/
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2016 Citation: Pseudomonas leaf spot reported on watermelon transplants https://plantpathology.ces.ncsu.edu/2016/05/pseudomonas-leaf-spot-reported-on-watermelon-transplants/
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2016 Citation: Powdery mildew on watermelon found in South Carolina https://plantpathology.ces.ncsu.edu/2016/05/powdery-mildew-on-watermelon-found-in-south-carolina/
  • Type: Other Status: Other Year Published: 2016 Citation: Scout potatoes for late blight due to recent reports https://plantpathology.ces.ncsu.edu/2016/05/scout-potatoes-for-late-blight-due-to-recent-reports/
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2016 Citation: Poor Quality Corn Could Be From Seedling Insect Pests https://entomology.ces.ncsu.edu/2016/05/poor-quality-corn-could-be-from-seedling-insect-pests-2/
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2016 Citation: How to Avoid a Stink Bug Disaster in Corn https://entomology.ces.ncsu.edu/2016/05/how-to-avoid-a-stink-bug-disaster-in-corn-2/
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2016 Citation: Cucumber downy mildew reported in North Carolina https://plantpathology.ces.ncsu.edu/2016/06/cucumber-downy-mildew-reported-in-north-carolina/
  • Type: Other Status: Other Year Published: 2016 Citation: Stink Bugs Moving into Corn https://entomology.ces.ncsu.edu/2016/06/stink-bugs-moving-into-corn/
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2016 Citation: Preventing and managing spotted wing drosophila infestation https://entomology.ces.ncsu.edu/2016/06/preventing-and-managing-spotted-wing-drosophila-infestation/
  • Type: Websites Status: Published Year Published: 2016 Citation: 2016 North Carolina Soybean Variety Information NC State University Department of Crop Science official variety trial programs conducted during summer 2015. https://soybeans.ces.ncsu.edu/2016-north-carolina-soybean-variety-information/
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2015 Citation: Soybean Entomology Presentation- 2015 on neonic use in soybeans. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=w-_s45g94qA&feature=youtu.be


Progress 09/01/14 to 08/31/15

Outputs
Target Audience:Landgrant University faculty Extension Specialists Extension Agents Homeowners Farmers Crop Consultants Industry Personnel Government Personnel Community members 1890 faculty underserved farmers (e.g. small acreage growers, minority farmers, specialty crop growers etc.) Changes/Problems:We did not receive the money for this program unitl March of 2015. It is very challenging to pay personnel and accomplish objectives when there is no funding readily available (it is important to note that it was my home institutions fault that the money was not received on time). What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?We have had many opportunites specifically aimed at training for Extension peresonnel (mostly agents). We captured many of the events and trainings in earlier sections of this report. A breakdown is below: Extension Agent Training on the IPM Portal and using thePlant Disease and Insect Clinic (PDIC): Winter Vegetable Conference/ NC Tomato Asso. Meeting (Asheville, Jan 25-26, 2015) West District - MHRS, Mills River, April 8, 2015 North Central District - Forsyth Co Center, Winston Salem, April 9, 2015 South Central District - Stanly Co Center, Albemarle, April 13, 2015 Northeast District - East Carolina Ag & Ed Center, Rocky Mount,April 14, 2015 Southeast District - Lenoir County Center, Kinston, April 17th, 2015 Small Farms Field Day (Greensboro,NC A&T University Farm June, 2015) SE Vegetable Working Group (Mills River, July 21-22, 2015) Small Fruit Consortium Group (Mills River, July 22-23, 2015) Pesticide Credit Workshop Trainings on IPM in the landscape: Triad Landscape Professionals Workshop. (Greensboro, NC, June, 2015) Oxford Master Gardeners. (Oxford, N.C. April 29, 2015) Green Industry "Green n' Growin'" Conference.(Greensboro, NC, January, 2015) An in-service training session on the damage from herbicide drift on various ornamental crops was conducted in July, 2014. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?We post nearly everything on our IPM portal, we give handouts out at all our workshops and/or presentations, and we send the information out via out weekly pest news and pest alerts mailings (electronically). What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?We have sent in a lengthy report for what we plan to do in year 2. We plan to stick to that report and accomplish what we say we will accomplish in that report. If additional information is required, please contact the PD directly.

Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals? 1) Develop Evaluation and Needs Assessment tools - Project 1.2 - Program Evaluation Tools Our goal here is to develop and conduct evaluationsuseful for program improvement and documenting broad outcomes of the proposed IPM priority areas that will then allow us to develop tools that IPM-faculty can usefor their own programs. In year 1, weidentified 3 pilot programs with which to work to address this goal. Program 1 is in the "beginning" phase of program development. We will use this program to begin to develop tools for program that are just beginning, and want to use evaluation tools to gain baseline data about their program. This program is a newly established weed management program for sweet potato growers. Program 2 is in the "middle" stage of an IPM program. We will use this program to develop tools for programs that have been around for a number of years, but would like to assess adoption of IPM techniques in the given program. In this case, we are using the Strawberry Disease Prediction tool, alsodeveloped in year 1 of this program. Program 3 is a "seasoned" IPM program with a national scale. This pilot program will help the spotted wing drosophila work group (eFly) assess and evaluate the economic impacts of a large-scale and successful national program. We will use what we learn from this pilot program to move into the second phase of tools development (which will be implemented in years 2 and 3). Project 1.3 - Evaluation for non-Bt corn refuges Under the direction of Dr. D. Reisig, Entomologist for Corn, Cotton, Small-Grains, and Soybean, we recently developed and distributed a survey targeted at grower compliance with non-BT refuge corn-planting. In year 1, this survey (which was developed in a prior year, but not yet deployed) was distributed at 13 grower meetings in NC. Corn farmers were asked similar questions about planting refuge corn before and after a presentation on the importance of using refuge corn for insect resistance management. 2) Improve Pest Monitoring and Pest Forecasting protocols Project 2.1 - Deliver pest forecasting and crop development models in a consistent and accurate manner by using web-based and mobile delivery tools : In year 1, a web-specific application was created and designed specifically for strawberry extension personnel and producers. The current interface for the strawberry disease forecasting model was designed to facilitate validation and testing of multiple models.It connects to real time recommendations or supporting extension products to enable disease management decision making in near real-time (within 30 to 60 min of weather data collection, using weather forecasts that are updated hourly).We have also madepush alerts availableto clientele via the IPM portal so we can share pestalerts developed from the strawberry model with our stakeholders In year 1, we also began work onthe codling moth phenology model (apple), and cereal leaf beetle egg model (in wheat), however, work on these models will not be complete until later in 2015, or early 2016. Project 2.2 - Weather data support for pest modeling: In order to develop and deliver timely guidance to agents and growers on emerging risk of pests using the established models, our State Climate Office Pest Modeling team completely re-wrote and greatly enhanced the web-services pathway to our entire weather database.This new Application Programming Interface (API) is still under development, but an alpha version was released in October, 2014and a beta was released in March, 2015. Project 2.4 - Provide a real-time data delivery system for trap monitoring programs in Agronomic and Specialty crops: Scouting and diagnostic tools are being added to the new IPM portal as they go live. A new process for mobile reporting of trap data for corn, cotton, and small grains was developed by Dr. Reisig in early 2014, and is being incorporated into the IPM portal. The first live reports began July 1, 2014. The tool can be viewed at http://ipm.ces.ncsu.edu/trap-data/. We have also begun providing push-alerts for stakeholders who sign up for this service through our website; we will continue to offer these and other pest alerts as they become available. 3) Deliver IPM Technology and Information. Project 3.1 - Further develop the newly launched NC IPM portal for web-based and mobile delivery of extension information. A new IPM portal was developed within the NC Cooperative Extension Wordpress system and was made accessible to the public on April 17, 2014. At that time, the system included about 40 commodity-specific, issue-related, and departmental extension portals, along with all NC county extension web sites. Additional commodity-specific portals are still under development. Recently, the NC EIP launched the new IPM portal - http://ipm.ces.ncsu.edu. This IPM-specific portal is a comprehensive source of IPM information for specific commodities. It includes general pest management content including news articles and commodity management guides. The portal also links to IPM related social media resources, valuable documents such as the North Carolina Agricultural Chemicals Manual, and related programs such as the NC State's Pesticide Safety Education program. Google statistics (for this reporting period) for the newly launched IPM portal are as follows: We have 165 active pages in our IPM portal with 11,320 discrete visits Most visited page: Homepage with 3,785 discrete visits Second most visited page: Pest News with 2,885 dicrete visits Most in terms of number of hits: "NCCES wants to provided resources to address your pest managment needs" page had 22,477 hits We have also become social! The NC EIP program has a Twitter feed (with over 120 followers) and over 1,000 tweets. Project 3.2 - Enhanced In-Service Training for Extension Agents An in-service training session on herbicide driftdamagewas conducted in July, 2014. In preparation for this training session a diversity of horticultural crops were planted in 2013 and spring of 2014, then treated with simulated spray drift of herbicides representing each of the major mode-of-action classes. Crops included grapes, peaches, tomatoes, peppers, eggplant blueberry, sweet potato, squash, strawberry, Knockout rose, hydrangea, oak, arborvitae and others. Severity of injury was recorded and photographed for future utilization. The in-service training included lectures describing new herbicide uses, injury symptom diagnosis, and guidelines for site visits. Participants then toured herbicide injury demonstration areas, where they saw, first hand, herbicide injury symptoms on horticultural crops. One month after the training, attendees were surveyed to evaluate their perspectives of learning outcomes. All participants reported a gain in knowledge regarding new herbicide uses that may lead to drift damage, improved ability to recognize and diagnose herbicide injury, and greater confidence in handling site visits.County agents reported a greater gain in knowledge and confidence, than did NC Department of Agriculture Staff, likely due to the fact that NCDA staff had greater prior experience responding to herbicide drift events. Fact sheets of herbicide injury symptoms, causes, and other factors that may cause similar crop injury symptoms are currently being developed. The first draft of each fact sheet is completed and final drafts will be uploaded to the NCSU Extension web site by September 1, 2014.

Publications

  • Type: Websites Status: Published Year Published: 2014 Citation: http://ipm.ces.ncsu.edu/
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Accepted Year Published: 2015 Citation: Green Industry Green n Growin Conference  Understanding the Environmental Benefits of Turfgrass. (Greensboro, NC, January, 2015)
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Accepted Year Published: 2015 Citation: Oxford Master Gardeners. IPM in your Home Landscape (Oxford, N.C. April 29, 2015)
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Accepted Year Published: 2015 Citation: Triad Landscape Professionals Workshop IPM in NC and the New IPM Portal (Greensboro, NC, June, 2015)
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2015 Citation: 2015 SE Strawberry IPM Guide
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2015 Citation: Extension Agent Training Workshop "Agent Training in IPM Resources, IPM Portal, PDIC and NCDA Agronomic Services" (Mills River, NC, April, 2015)
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2015 Citation: Extension Agent Training Workshop "Agent Training in IPM Resources, IPM Portal, PDIC and NCDA Agronomic Services" (Forsyth, NC, April, 2015)
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2015 Citation: Extension Agent Training Workshop "Agent Training in IPM Resources, IPM Portal, PDIC and NCDA Agronomic Services" (Albemarle, NC, April, 2015)
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2015 Citation: Extension Agent Training Workshop "Agent Training in IPM Resources, IPM Portal, PDIC and NCDA Agronomic Services" (Rocky Mount, NC, April, 2015)
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2015 Citation: Extension Agent Training Workshop "Agent Training in IPM Resources, IPM Portal, PDIC and NCDA Agronomic Services" (Kinston, NC, April, 2015)
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2014 Citation: Urban Design Center The City of the Future: Importance of IPM in the Sustainable Managed Landscape (Raleigh, N.C. April, 2014)
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2014 Citation: NC State Turfgrass Regional Conference. How does IPM fit into your Sustainable Turf Landscape? (Fletcher, NC, March, 2014.)