INFLUENCE OF ZINC ON SWINE HEALTH

• Sponsoring Institution: National Institute of Food and Agriculture
• Project Status: COMPLETE
• Funding Source: HATCH
• Reporting Frequency: Annual
• Accession No.: 1004795
• Project Start Date: Dec 1, 2014
• Project End Date: Sep 30, 2016
• Program Code: [(N/A)]- (N/A)

Recipient Organization
MICHIGAN STATE UNIV
(N/A)
EAST LANSING,MI 48824

Performing Department
ANIMAL SCIENCE

Non Technical Summary
It is essential that we continue to learn what animals need to maintain their health and welfare. The genetics of pigs is rapidly changing and hence their nutritional needs may also change. Currently, we do not know how much zinc is required at the various stages of their life.Also, the swine industry has been able to use zinc as a pharmacological agent during the time after they are first weaned from their mother. We would like to see if we can give zinc as a bolus and reduce the amount fed as a pharmacological agent. This would reduce the amount of zinc in manure.We also have times when pigs prior to market seem to slow down for no known reason. We would like to determine if pharmacological zinc could be used to increase growth during this time.There is data from research in the early 1980's that suggests that sows may benefit from additional zinc during gestation. If correct, determining the correct amount of zinc during gestation would result in an extra pig born per litter.

Animal Health Component

60%

Research Effort Categories

Basic

20%

Applied

60%

Developmental

20%

Classification

Knowledge Area (KA)	Subject of Investigation (SOI)	Field of Science (FOS)	Percent
302	3510	1010	100%

Knowledge Area
302 - Nutrient Utilization in Animals;

Subject Of Investigation
3510 - Swine, live animal;

Field Of Science
1010 - Nutrition and metabolism;

Keywords

zinc

pigs

nursery pigs

gestation sows

zinc transporters

zinc requirement

Goals / Objectives
To determine the effect of various Zn concentrations on sow healthTo determine the effect of increased dietary Zn concentrations on bone health in gilts and sowsTo determine the effect of increased dietary Zn concentrations on sow productivityTo determine the effect of short term pharmacological Zn during growing and finishing phasesTo determine the effect of bolus Zn on newly weaned pigs

Project Methods
Sows will be fed graded concentrations of Zn (NRC, NRC + 150 ppm Zn, NRC + 300 ppm Zn, and NRC + 450 ppm Zn) in diets from 30 kg through 3 parities. Health, production, and farrowing records will be maintained throughout the study. Gilts and sows will be bled to determine indices of bone and cartilage health. At the end of the study, a minimum number of sows will be killed to harvest front legs for health determination.Pigs will be fed NRC recommended Zn concentrations in grow/finish pigs and compared with pigs fed the same diets but additional pharmacological Zn as a pulse (10 days) for 14 d will be fed. This has not been done and published. However, pharmacological Zn in used in 95 to 99% of the nursery diets in the U.S. Feed intake and weight gain will be determined. This will be utilized on a large commercial farm if it looks promising. It is expected that pigs fed the pharmacological Zn will have increased average daily gain.Oral bolus of Zn containing material will be developed to give to pigs at weaning. Health will be monitored through the nursery period. Weight gain and feed consumption will be measured. Pilot data from a previous study will be used to guide us in developing an appropriate bolus. Loss of a viable gut is often observed after weaning. Our work with pigs suffering from corona virus has shown that Zn helps to repair the gut. The purpose of this study is to give the nursery pig Zn to maintain gut health since the newly weaned pig eats only a limited amount of feed after weaning. There will be three treatments. Bolus of only saline balanced to appropriate pH (basal), basal + minimal Zn from previous studies, basal plus appropriate amount from previous studies. If the bolus results in significant improvement in growth parameters, a second study will be utilized to determine the impact on gut health (gut morphology) and Zn transporters.All research trials will be evaluated with appropriate statistical analysis before presentation and publication.

Progress 12/01/14 to 09/30/16

Outputs
Target Audience: Nothing Reported Changes/Problems: Nothing Reported What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided? Nothing Reported How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest? Nothing Reported What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals? Nothing Reported

Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals? This project is endingearly so the reporting period is only October 1, 2015 to June 30, 2016.During this time, several research projects were started and one article wassubmitted for publication.

Publications

Progress 12/01/14 to 09/30/15

Outputs
Target Audience:Efforts from this year's research and collaboration have threetarget audiences: (1) swine producers,(2) swine researchers around the world, and (3) the feed industry. Changes/Problems:We needed to meet the needs of the swine industry and concerns of the feed industry, hence we added new research objectives and research trials. What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?Two undergraduates were provided with farm and laboratory experiences. One of these students is currently pursing a doctoral and veterinary degree at Kansas State University. The other student is currently enrolled in a master of science degree at North Carolina State University. Personnel at both Universities noted that their research was very important in their acceptance in graduate and veterinary programs. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?To date, an article and abstractshavebeen published. Additionally, oral presentations were made at professional meetings. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?If animals are available of currently used commercial genetics, we will begin our sow work.

Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals? We have published our research showing that the metabolic and physiologic effects of organic and inorganic Zn are different. This is an important finding in swine nutrition, and has stimulated additional work by many researchers around the world. Use of pharmacological doses of phytase (superdosing) with differing genetics and management, but only one form of phytase, does not appear to be useful to producers. However, this work needs to be duplicated with other commercially available phytase including its effect on zinc. To meet the needs of swine producers because of the devastating effects of PEDv, we investigated the purported effect of vitamin E on farrowing time. This work resulted in two winning awards for undergraduate researchers. Currently, the findings of this research is the basis ofa large scale investigation in a commercialherd in North Carolina.

Publications

• Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2014 Citation: Hill, G. H., D. C. Mahan, and J. S. Jolliff. 2014. Comparison of organic and inorganic zinc sources to maximize growth and meet the zinc needs of the nursery pig. J ANIM SCI 92:1582-1594 Crenshaw, T. D., O. Adeola, M.J. Azain, S. K. Baido, S. D. Carter, G. M. Hill, S. W. Kim, P. S. Miller, M. C Shannon, H. H, Stein. 2015. Effects of superdosing of microbial phytase in diets of weanling pigs. J. Anim. Sci. 93: Supplement 2, Abstract 119. Page 227. Gebhardt, J. T., G. M. Hill, J. E. Link, R. Becerra, and R. L. Stuart. 2015. Effect of Vitamin E injection pre-farrowing on antioxidant enzymes and performance of nursery pigs. J. Anim. Sci. 93: Supplement 2, Abstract 407. Becerra. R., J. E. Link, K.C. Turner, J. T. Gebhardt, R. L. Stuart, and G. M. Hill. 2015. Are porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDv) exposed gilts and sows farrowing problems improved by Vitamin E? J. Anim. Sci. 93: Supplement 2, Abstract 438. Mahan, D., G. M. Hill, D. Gowanlock, J. S. Joffiff, and R. S. Samuel. 2014. A new approach in determining the micromineral needs of the growing pig. Midwest Swine Nutrition Conference. Proceedings p. 9. Crenshaw, T. D., O. Adeola, M.J. Azain, S. K. Baido, S. D. Carter, G. M. Hill, S. W. Kim, P. S. Miller, M. C Shannon, H. H, Stein. 2015. Effects of superdosing of microbial phytase in diets of weanling pigs. J. Anim. Sci. 93: Supplement 2, Abstract 119. Page 227. Gebhardt, J. T., G. M. Hill, J. E. Link, R. Becerra, and R. L. Stuart. 2015. Effect of Vitamin E injection pre-farrowing on antioxidant enzymes and performance of nursery pigs. J. Anim. Sci. 93: Supplement 2, Abstract 407. Beccerra. R., J. E. Link, K.C. Turner, J. T. Gebhardt, R. L. Stuart, and G. M. Hill. 2015. Are porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDv) exposed gilts and sows farrowing problems improved by Vitamin E? J. Anim. Sci. 93: Supplement 2, Abstract 438. Hill, G. M., P. S. Weber, D. C. Mahan. 2014. Impact of Zn concentration and source on MT in swine. TEAMA-15 International Conference Proceedings, 2014 Paulk, C. B., M. D. Tokach, J. L.Nelssen, J. M. Gonzalez, J. M. DeRouchey, R. D Goodband, S. S. Dritz, G. M. Hill, and K. D. Haydon. 2014. Effects of Added Zn in Diets with Ractopamine HCl on Growth Performance, Carcass Characteristics, Zn Concentrations in Plasma, Loin, and Liver, and Ileal Mucosal Inflammation mRNA Expression of Finishing Pigs. Presentation and abstract for 2014 Midwest American Society of Animal Science meeting, March 2014.