Progress 10/20/14 to 09/30/19
Outputs
Target Audience:The target audiences for this five year project included community members, government agencies and officials, students, fellow academics, non-profit organizations and practitioners in Hawaii, the U.S. and globally. Changes/Problems:
Nothing Reported
What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?The project provided multiple opportunities for training and professional development including two semester long community outreach college classes serving thirty individuals, and training of four separate graduate students. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?Yes, through creation of two story maps, five websites, and two reports as well as a total of ten community presentations reaching over 500 individuals. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?
Nothing Reported
Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals?
Two community based fishing areas were passed into law in Hawai'i, as well as three other policies supporting community based management in Hawai'i. Knowledge transmission across generations was enhanced through over 140 interviews conducted with elders and community members, transcribed and returned to families, then woven into teaching materials including field trips, presentations and workshops. Future leadership capacity was developed through hiring of five community research assistants, and two graduate students. Multiple community participants in resulting programs and employment went back to college and graduate school. And new community leaders were mentored and now are working in the communities we have studied and engaged with.
Publications
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2019
Citation:
Diver, S., Vaughan, M., Baker-M�dard, M., and Lukacs, H. 2019. Recognizing reciprocal relations to restore community access to land and water. International Journal of the Commons, 13(1), 400429. DOI: http://doi.org/10.18352/ijc.881.
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2019
Citation:
Vaughan, M., Kinney, B., Fu, K., Cadiz, E., Peralto, N., Kagawa, A., Muratsachi, J., Koethe, F., Geslani Scarton, C., and Farrant, K. 2019. Kahaleala, Halelea: The Fragrant, Joyful, Welcoming House, A Visit to Anini. In Hokulani Aikau and Vernadette Gonzalez (Eds.), Detours: A Decolonial Guidebook to Hawaii. Duke University Press.
- Type:
Books
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2018
Citation:
Vaughan, M. 2018. Kaiulu: Gathering Tides. Corvallis, OR: Oregon State University Press.
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2018
Citation:
Montgomery, M. and Vaughan, M. 2018. Ma Kahana Ka Ike: Lessons for Community-based Fisheries Management. Sustainability, 10(10), 3799. doi:10.3390/su10103799.
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Progress 10/01/17 to 09/30/18
Outputs
Target Audience:Target Audiences reached include community of study site area: beach goers, property owners, school groups, and fishermen and women as well as decision makers such as planning commissioners and county council reached through testimony on study findings. The project graduate student was also a target audience through her learning in her Master's thesis. Changes/Problems:The water sampling lab at UH was quite backed up due to personal leave by staff, as well as other circumstances, which backed up sample analysis for this project. Project staff overcame this challenge by investigating other labs, timing sampling and analyses, and continuing analysis while writing and conducting project completion work. What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?Please see training and workshop opportunities for community members listed above under goal three. Also,PI presented the project in Canada at the Community, Conservation and Livelihoods Conference cosponsored by IUCN. GRA has been supported to attend the following conferences: Society for Conservation Biology, Wellington, New Zealand Hawaii Conservation Conference Electronic Poster: http://212com.com/eposterList/details.html?id=5 How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?GRA thesis work and research has culminated in creation of the following educational products: Handbook of water and macro algal monitoring protocol to help community groups and individuals use these tools tomonitor land based sources of pollution. "Protocol Guide for Field Collection and Prep/Working with UH Labs" Website with New Updates -www.olakawaiolakalimu.weebly.com Maps with results ofStable Isotope Analysis,Water Chemistry, Algalcommunities Results have also been disseminated through mentoring of target communities in how to apply these methods in their own home areas, along with sharing informally throughseven field trips serving over one hundred students. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?This is the final report for this HATCH grant, which ends in 2018. The GRA, no longer funded,will graduate in the springof 2019 and publish findings from this study in her Master's thesis as well as in a journal article, and share her work through two community presentations.
Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals?
GOAL 1: Enhance understanding of resilience of community based care and management of common pool resources. Published book, Kai'ulu, Gathering Tides to share results of research conducted under this Hatch project, published with Oregon State University Press and sold one thousand copies. GOAL 2: Develop culturally grounded, community-based ecological monitoring systems that advance capability to assess watershed health in order to increase understanding of ridge to reef connections, adapt management and enhance resource health. 1.Worked with community members to monitor existing distribution and populations of macro-algae at ten separate sites in two different ahupua'a. Oct 2017 - Sept 2018 accomplishments: Worked at the following sites primarily (moku in parenthesis): Kalihiwai (Halele'a), Anini (Halele'a), and Moloa'a (Ko'olau); and secondarily Kahili, Pu'u Kumu (Halele'a), and Kauape'a (Halele'a). Collected over 100 samples of macroalgae for analysis. Mapped presence and absence of these species against historical herbarium collections and timeline over the past century at these sites. 2. Used laboratory isotope analysis to track changes in nitrogen values within the introduced samples over time to track anthropogenic, inorganic and organic sources in order to identify land based and other sources of nutrients. This was done for in-situ samples collected and dried in the previous reporting period, also from those collected in Mar/Apr 2018, and July 2018. 3. Pair the above scientific monitoring techniques with holistic cultural monitoring approaches that include observation and documentation of seasonal limu growth in relation to other phenomena such as flowering of land species, weather, rain fall etc. Metadata including observation and documentation of limu communities, in relation with other natural phenomena was recorded. It is currently being analyzed as part of the GRA's thesis. 4.Conducted interviews regarding macro-algae to document fast disappearing place based ecological knowledge of native limus, particularly within study site ahupua'a. Informal interviews/talk story were conducted with three individuals. Previously recorded interviews from the class NREM 620 taught by Dr. Mehana Vaughan, and previously published interviews from archival sources are being used to document the ecological knowledge for the limu at the study sites. 6. Collected baseline data for assessing future health and effects of community restoration efforts. GRA Collected and is compiling this baseline data, will be the starting point for community assessment of new methods and its ability to serve their needs for restoration and health assessment of the coastlines and nearshore environments. GOAL 3: Provide educationalprograms that enhance understanding and capacity for collaborative local level stewardship of healthy ecosystems. Conducted seven field trips serving over one hundred students. GRA thesis work and research has culminated in creation of the following educational products: Handbook of water and macro algal monitoring protocol to help community groups and individuals use these tools tomonitor land based sources of pollution. "Protocol Guide for Field Collection and Prep/Working with UH Labs" Website with New Updates -www.olakawaiolakalimu.weebly.com Maps with results ofStable Isotope Analysis,Water Chemistry, Algalcommunities Equipment for community groups -YSI-Pro for measuring basic water chemistry (temperature, salinity, pH, DO%) Field tested methods to share with community groups including comparison of drying methods for limu for stable isotope analysis (Fall 2017), along with4 comparable methods for ease of access in remote field settings. Assisted one community group on the opposite side of the island of Kaua'i with use of YSI, salinity measurements and use of hand held refractometer, while training them (along with one undergraduate student)in water quality sampling and analysis.
Publications
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Progress 10/01/16 to 09/30/17
Outputs
Target Audience:Target audiences included community members, students and youth. Five community members from nonprofit Waipa Foundation participated and received training (stream specialist, stream monitor, and other interested community members), along with three local experts in water quality sampling. Approximately 40 elementary school students in grades 3-4 from Kawaikini Charter School, along with their two teachers participated in field trips and learning experiences. One undergraduate interned all summer. Changes/Problems:Previous GRA Emily Cadiz graduated and a new GRA was brought on to assist with this grant, Amy Markel. One proposed objective of this project was to introduce caged macroalgal samples to study sites in order to test them for potential reintroduction. GRA Markel looked into this method extensively and met with experts and scientists who have employed it. Due to multiple challenges with this method, it was deemed inappropriate for these sites at this time. While it may be used in the future, focusing on analysis of insitu species, their growth and nutrient uptake was deemed a more effective approach at this stage of research. What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?During this reporting period, Mehana Vaughan hired one masters level GRA. She also currently advises five undergraduate students, seven master's students, and one PhD while serving as a committee member for doctoral students in Botany, Marine Biology, Education and Political Science, and informally 3 community college students during this reporting period. Mehana Vaughan also teach an outreach college class on the island of Kaua'i focused on training and professional development, NREM 491 Ho'okahua. Previous GRA Emily Cadiz graduated, submitted her master's thesis, and conducted five community presentations and five additional community trainings related to this project. GRA Amy Markel advised undergraduate student Keili McEvilly, from Hawaii Pacific University, who has grandparents from the area of research, for a summer internship, from June - August of 2017. The GRA and intern both applied and were accepted for student scholarships and travel to the Hawai'i Conservation Conference in July of 2017. Both networked with water quality and limu experts attending the conference and shared the progress of the field work thus far informally. Both students received Biosafety training through UH Manoa to do laboratory work in the Stable Isotope Lab along with instruction process of preparing the macroalgal limu samples for the stable isotope analysis. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?Mehana Vaughan has created professional website (mehanavaughan.huiainamomona.org) with Dropbox links to final results and findings from group research. NREM graduate student Amy Markel has also began to develop a website for her research (olakawaiolakalimu.weebly.com). Mehana Vaughan has given presentations and gone through outreach efforts for the community of Anini which faced potential changes with the Kaua'i General Plan 2020. The GRA and intern learned to create a website to disseminate project results. The intern also learned to conduct a lit review of scientific articles as part of creation of a database of relevant journal articles for the public to access on the website. 15 field trips were conducted with Kaua'i school children and summer programs to visit coastal areas, eradicate invasive species, conduct monitoring and beach cleanups. Curriculum included stories, place names and other cultural aspects of place, along with identification of macro-algae (using Hawaiian and genus names) and fish species. These efforts have included helping to host school groups for Hokule'a's worldwide voyage and guiding the 3-4th grade class at Kawaikini charter school on ten separate fieldtrips to study coastal ecosystems. Total Number of Participants: 105 (54 repeat). During these field trips the GRA Amy Markel taught students water quality methods and limu collection methods. Previous GRA Emily Cadiz graduated conducted five community presentations and five community trainings on coastal monitoring protocols piloted and developed through prior years of this project. One college level class in natural resource management was taught at the Kaua'i community college on the rural island of Kaua'i, with presentations on data and methods from this project, along with ongoing training and field trips in community coastal monitoring. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?Mehana Vaughan will teach the Hookahua Aina Based Leadership Education course through UH Manoa Outreach College, offered in collaboration with Kauai Community College again in the 2017 year. She will continue to advise students, and mentor community members. GRA Amy Markel will be graduating in the following year and will finalize the website, thesis paper, and maps (including historic and current lists of macro algal species by location) to disseminate and present to the community and other shareholder groups. She also will submit one scientific paper for publication based on study results.
Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals?
Supported a Master's student research to use stable isotope analysis to link land-use to water and limu (macro-algae) nitrogen levels and isotopic ratios. This research can indicate potential hot spots for land based sources of pollution to the coastline. Objective: Work with community members to monitor existing distribution and populations of macro-algae at ten separate sites in two different ahupua'a. Two collections of macroalgae were conducted in March 2017 and June/July 2017 at 6different sites. Macroalgae were collected for identification via herbarium to create species lists for each location. Objective: Use laboratory isotope analysis to track changes in nitrogen values within water samples and macroalgae over time to track anthropogenic, inorganic and organic sources in order to identify land based and other sources of nutrients. A total of 35 macroalgal samples were run for stable isototpe analysis. Ratios near 7 and above 7 were identified near the public restroom at Anini, and near two areas with a high cluster of vacation rental homes. At Moloa'a ratios were in the high 6, almost 7 range on either side of the stream, but not directly in the stream water. Kalihiwai did not have enough limu along the coastline to test, and water samples will be used primarily for this site. 15 sites along the coastline, and two upstream sites, of three different ahupua'a (Hanalei (at Anini), Kalihiwai, and Moloa 'a) were sampled for water quality characteristics (temperature, salinity, pH, dissolved oxygen), and analyzed for stable nitrogen isotopes. 56 water samples were collected and are awaiting analysis. Objective: Develop culturally grounded, community-based ecological monitoring systems that advance capability to assess watershed health in order to increase understanding of ridge to reef connections, adapt management and enhance resource health. New methods tested included the following: Macroalgal Samples were all dried via herbarium pressing, which is standard for identification purposes but not for stable isotope analysis. Samples are typically dried in an oven for stable isotope analysis. A small sub study was conducted through a graduate level class about marine plant physiology to see if there was significant difference in the stable isotope values from different drying methods. Graduate student tested different methods by applying treatments of silica gel and sea salt often used for molecular work and other preservation methods. She found that there was no significant different between the stable isotope values of individuals between the drying methods. This will be useful to communities wanting to send limu samples in for analysis as they can now just pack the limu into salt, silica gel, or press it in herbarium. Access to ovens for extend period of time (24 hours and greater) can be difficult for local families who may need to use ovens for other purposes. Objective: Pair the above scientific monitoring techniques with holistic cultural monitoring approaches that include observation and documentation of seasonal limu growth in relation to other phenomena such as flowering of land species, weather, rain fall etc. GRA Amy Markel also extended her metadata (site, location, time, etc.) to include observations and documentation of seasonal growth, flowering of land species, cloud and wind patterns, recent rainfall, birds in the area, debris on the beach. This type of information provides the holistic view foundational to many cultural monitoring approaches, allowing connection of observed data and nutrient levels with seasonal and other ecosystem changes. Objective: Collect baseline data for assessing future health and effects of community restoration efforts. The study sites have not been analyzed for stable nitrogen isotopes in the past, so the data provided is new for these locations and will be useful in assessing future health and providing a comparison point for the effects of community restoration efforts. Objective: Provide educational programs that enhance understanding and capacity for collaborative local level stewardship of healthy ecosystems. Increase knowledge transmission across generations. 15 field trips were conducted with Kaua'i school children and summer programs to visit coastal areas, eradicate invasive species, conduct monitoring and beach cleanups. Curriculum included stories, place names and other cultural aspects of place, along with identification of macro-algae (using Hawaiian and genus names) and fish species. These efforts have included helping to host school groups for Hokule'a's worldwide voyage and guiding the 3-4th grade class at Kawaikini charter school on ten separate fieldtrips to study coastal ecosystems. Total Number of Participants: 105 (54 repeat). During these field trips the GRA taught students how to use a temperature sensor, a refractometer, a water quality sensor called an YSI that measures temperature, salinity, pH, and dissolved oxygen. Amy Markel also instructed students on standard water collection methods and on how to collect macroalgae in ways that are sensitive to cultural and scientific procedures. Amy Markel assisted the instructors with creation of algae pressings (herbarium) to enhance student identification skills. Previous GRA Emily Cadiz graduated conducted five community presentations and five community trainings on coastal monitoring protocols piloted and developed through prior years of this project. One college level class in natural resource management was taught at the Kaua'i community college on the rural island of Kaua'i, with presentations on data and methods from this project, along with ongoing training and field trips in community coastal monitoring.
Publications
- Type:
Book Chapters
Status:
Awaiting Publication
Year Published:
2018
Citation:
M. Vaughan, B. Kinney, K. Fu, E. Cadiz, N. Peralto, A. Kagawa, J. Muratsachi, F. Koethe, C. Geslani Scarton, and K. Farrant. (Forthcoming 2018). Kahale'ala, Halele'a: The Fragrant, Joyful, Welcoming House, A Visit to Anini. In Hokulani Aikau and Vernadette Gonzalez (Eds.), Detours: A Decolonial Guidebook to Hawaii. Kamehameha Publishing.
- Type:
Books
Status:
Awaiting Publication
Year Published:
2018
Citation:
Vaughan, M. (Forthcoming 2018). Kai'ulu: Gathering Tides. Oregon State University Press.
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Progress 10/01/15 to 09/30/16
Outputs
Target Audience:80 community members, 30 elementary school students in grades 3-4 from Kawaikini Charter School, 20 from Waipa Foundation summer program, 12 families from the Haena area, and 50 individuals who attended field trips and site visits I led. 100 individuals reached through presentations along with readers in the field of near shore fisheries, traditional ecological knowledge and collaborative management who read four journal articles published from their research. Changes/Problems:The only change was that I was on leave in 2015-6 on the Mellon Hawaii Fellowship. What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?I have hired and mentored three community research assistants, one masters level GRA, and also advised eight masters students, 6 doctoral students, 5 undergraduates, and informally 3 community college students during this reporting period. I teach an outreach college class focused on training and professional development. I also, during this reporting period pursued professional development myself through winning a prestigious Mellon Hawaii fellowship which allowed me to take a professional leave of absence and dedicate the 2015-16 school year to writing a book manuscript while working closely with a senior faculty mentor from UC Berkeley's Environmental Science Policy and Management Department. I secured a book contract with Oregon State University Press and presented my work at two public symposiums sponsored by the Kohala Center, attended by 70 people. I also attended the Native American and Indigenous Studies Association Conference in May at UH Manoa. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?Four journal articles have been published, and my students and I have given ten community presentations to inform community members and policy makers of our work. We also have distributed over 50 electronic and paper copies of reports on the social-ecological system of Anini, Kauai, including photo books. One of my students has created a monthly newsletter to share findings from her masters thesis. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?I plan to continue with publishing my book manuscript which is currently in the second round of review. I will teach the second offering of Hookahua Aina Based Leadership Education course through UH Manoa Outreach College, offered in collaboration with Kauai Community College. The course will run from September 15 through December 15 2016 and serve 15 students. I will continue to advise students, and mentor community members. In January 2016 I will hire a masters student for a full year, along with a community research assistant using the HATCH supplemental funds awarded in October 2015. I was on leave through August so have not yet drawn on any of those funds to accomplish the work above. That is why no personnel are listed in section 1. The supplemental focuses on restoration, monitoring and documentation of ecological knowledge of macro algae specifically so I will conduct further research and monitoring activities, along with the student hired in this area.
Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals?
1) Enhance understanding of resilience of community based care and management of common pool resources. Increase knowledge of variety of community based rules, rights and responsibilities guiding resource management at the local level in Hawaii. · Increase understanding of how access to use of and decision-making power about natural resources is shifting in rural Hawaii communities. · Document and record history of local level resource management efforts. Published three articles and drafted one book related to local level resource management efforts, access and decision making power on the north shore of Kauai. · Compare lessons and challenges from across the state to inform policy. Assisted in editing and providing educational presentation to policy makers and community members at public hearing on Haena's draft management plan. Haena is the first Community Based Subsistence Fishing Area in the state and a leader in local community management of fisheries incorporating cultural approaches. Also participated in IUCN, both in sessions during Congress and in a four day pre-workshop with communities from 35 counties engaged in community based natural resource management through NGO Kuaaina Ulu Auamo. Served as a facilitator. 2) Develop culturally grounded, community-based ecological monitoring systems that advance capability to assess watershed health in order to increase understanding of ridge to reef connections, adapt management and enhance resource health. Student master thesis conducted to develop and pilot culturally grounded, community-based ecological monitoring for Haena Kauai. 3) Provide educational programs that enhance understanding and capacity for collaborative local level stewardship of healthy ecosystems. Also supported masters students in developing two four day Na Kilo Aina Camps serving 100 community members. The camps taught traditional fishing practices, scientific monitoring techniques, and other aspects of resource management through activities such as macro algae identification, upland restoration and links with ocean health, plankton tows, building of fish traps, gonad identification, and rock wall building. Taught and led 7 coastal field visits with preschools, elementary schools, college students, UH Sea Grant interns, and policy makers related to local level management and near shore fisheries. · Develop future leadership capacity. I have hired and mentored three community research assistants, one masters level GRA, and also advised eight masters students, 6 doctoral students, 5 undergraduates, and informally 3 community college students during this reporting period. I teach an outreach college class focused on training and professional development. I have worked with seven thirty year old community leaders to establish a new community based management area and field site in collaboration with US Fish and Wildlife Service at Kilauea Point (Wowoni) and Crater Hill (Nihoku) and Mokolea, within the wildlife refuge. Together we have hosted seven separate site visits by area schools, educational programs and off island groups. · Inform policy to support community based management in Hawaii. Assisted in editing and providing educational presentation to policy makers and community members at public hearing on Haena's draft management plan. Haena is the first Community Based Subsistence Fishing Area in the state and a leader in local community management of fisheries incorporating cultural approaches. Also participated in IUCN, both in sessions during Congress and in a four day pre-workshop with communities from 35 counties engaged in community based natural resource management through NGO Kuaaina Ulu Auamo. Served as a facilitator. · Increase knowledge transmission across generations. Completed book manuscript focused on documenting Hawaiian knowledge of nearshore fisheries on the north shore of Kauai.
Publications
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2015
Citation:
Vaughan, M. and Caldwell, M. 2015. Hana Paa: Challenges and Lessons for Early Phases of Collaborative Coastal Management. Marine Policy. Volume 62 (2015), 51-62.
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2016
Citation:
Vaughan, M., Thompson B., and Ayers, A.L. 2016. Pawehe Ke Kai a'o Haena: Creating State Law based on Customary Indigenous Norms of Coastal Management. Society & Natural Resources. Pages 31-46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08941920.2016.1196406
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2016
Citation:
Vaughan, M.B. and Ayers, A. L. 2016. Customary Access: Sustaining Local Control of Fishing and Food on Kauai's North Shore. Food, Culture and Society, 19(3):23. DOI: 10.1080/15528014.2016.1208339
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Progress 10/20/14 to 09/30/15
Outputs
Target Audience:The target audience reached by my efforts during the reporting period was the community that resides on the north shore of Kaua`i. A sub-set of this audience was thecurrent and displaced residents of a small coastal town called Anini. Located on the north shore of Kaua`i the Anini area is situated along Kaua`i's coastline and directly below the upper middle class resortarea of Princeville. Escalating property values have forced many Hawaiian families that lived in this area for generations to sell their properties or havecaused them to lose them due to back taxes. My work focused on collecting oral histories of the area by interviewing kupuna or elders about their memories growing up and living in the area, recording the cultural traditions of this area, the ecological changes that have occurred over the past several decades and land use (zoning, state land use designations) decisions that led to the change in demographics (from Hawaiian, full-time residentsto part-time residents) and ultimately gave rise to extremely high property values. The information gathered during these interviews was shared with the Anini community and greater north shore community via several public presentations. Changes/Problems:
Nothing Reported
What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?Community research assistants and graduate-level staff all received training on land use laws and the entitlement process from past and current planning directors for the County of Kauai. In field experience conducting water quality testing and fish counts was also gained by team members. In addition team members receivedtraining using technology and software such as ARCGIS and Google Earth to create maps for community presentations. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?The results were disseminated via several methods, 3 presentations were made to the community, study participants were provided with a link to the Dropbox folder created by team members which contained interview transcripts, maps, reports, photos, historical documents, timelines and power point presentations and an e-mail listserve was created to keep interested community members and stakeholders informed. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?The next year will focus on conducting a second community course that will enhance understanding and capacity for collaborative local level stewardship of healthy ecosystems. One such course was offered in partnership with Waipa Foundation in 2014, it was very popular and interest from the community in a second, follow-up course was expressed. The course also provided an opportunity to foster up and coming community leaders and informationacross generations on stewardship ofcommon pool resources. In addition to the course the principal investigator is currently writing a book based on the information gathered during the study and past few years spent working with communities such as Haena and Anini on developing community based management systems and informing policy at the state and local level which will allow communities to manage their natural resources.
Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals?
The interview of more than 40 individuals resulted in a thorough baseline of ecological knowledge of the Anini area, this baseline data (cultural, ecological and policy) not only quantified the history of this place and how its residents used and cared for common pool resources but will help to inform future policy decisions made at the local and state level which will effect natural resources and watershed health of the area far into the future. A timeline of the area dating back to the late nineteenth century and through present day was created and shared with the local community along with detailed maps showing the change in demographics, property values andland use designations throughout the past century. Future leadership capacity was developed and knowledge of the area increased across generations through the sharing of the information we gathered. In addition to the interview project, a course was taught on Kauai in partnership with the Waipa Foundation, to 20 community members. The group ranged in age from 19 - 65 and was made up of a diverse group of north shore residents. The course focused on teaching traditional methods of natural resource management andhow to use that knowledge to inform and influence policy at the state and local level.
Publications
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