Source: UNIV OF ARKANSAS submitted to NRP
DESIGNING AND TESTING NEW CATFISH PRODUCTS TO ENHANCE COMPETITIVENESS OF THE U.S. CATFISH INDUSTRY
Sponsoring Institution
National Institute of Food and Agriculture
Project Status
COMPLETE
Funding Source
Reporting Frequency
Annual
Accession No.
1004333
Grant No.
2014-38821-22458
Cumulative Award Amt.
$399,989.00
Proposal No.
2014-02848
Multistate No.
(N/A)
Project Start Date
Sep 1, 2014
Project End Date
Aug 31, 2019
Grant Year
2014
Program Code
[EQ]- Research Project
Recipient Organization
UNIV OF ARKANSAS
(N/A)
PINE BLUFF,AR 71601
Performing Department
AQUACULTURE AND FISHERIES
Non Technical Summary
Catfish is the leading aquaculture industry in the U.S. supplying approximately 45% of the total U.S. aquaculture production. The total economic value of the catfish industry is close to $3 billion annually. The catfish industry has had significant impacts on the rural economies of the Mississippi Delta. Given the low levels of economic development and high rates of unemployment that characterize the Delta region, the U.S. farm-raised catfish industry is of vital importance to economic health in these areas. Catfish producers and processors nationwide are now facing new economic challenges, specifically increased import competition and food safety and quality certification. Yet recent market research shows potential to compete in seafood markets on attributes other than just price. This project aims to develop new products of U.S. farm-raised catfish based on analyses of consumers' preferences and the technical and economic feasibility for the industry. The project will cover important stages of the 'product development pathway' and will begin with stakeholders in mind and end with greater consumer satisfaction and excitement about U.S. farm-raised catfish. It will improve the ability of UAPB and its partners to respond to stakeholder concerns in the Mississippi delta. At least 4 students are expected to do their graduate research on this project. The project will support NIFA Challenge Areas c (food safety) and d (food security). This project addresses CBG Program Priority Areas # a (human health, obesity as it relates to nutrition, and human sciences), c (food safety) and f (rural communities for 21st century), and Program Need Areas # 2 (a) and 3(c). It falls under Discipline Codes L2 and P2.
Animal Health Component
100%
Research Effort Categories
Basic
(N/A)
Applied
100%
Developmental
(N/A)
Classification

Knowledge Area (KA)Subject of Investigation (SOI)Field of Science (FOS)Percent
5020810100020%
6030810301060%
6070810309020%
Goals / Objectives
The ultimate goal of this project is to strengthen the position of U.S. farm-raised catfish in the market place by increasing domestic demand and consumption. The purpose of this project is to develop new products of U.S. farm-raised catfish addressing the following important questions:· What do today's consumers want in seafood products?· What types of products can U.S. producers and processors supply to better meet consumers' changing demand for seafood products?
Project Methods
In order to achieve the project objectives, the project design will follow a step-wise approach leading to a detailed understanding of changing consumers' preferences in different markets and the subsequent development of various catfish products. The project will cover important stages of the 'product development pathway' and will begin with stakeholders in mind and end with greater consumer satisfaction and excitement about U.S. farm-raised catfish. The project will be implemented in three stages:Stage 1: Analysis and synthesis of consumers' preferences :The first stage of the project will be comprised of a review of existing literature on consumer preferences for U.S. farm-raised catfish and its substitutes. It will involve the following specific activities:1.1. Review existing literature and data on catfish industry.1.2. Procure and analyze seafood scanner data to understand consumers' preferences for various forms (e.g., fresh, frozen) and attributes of catfish and its substitutes (e.g., basa/tra, tilapia), and their willingness to pay for various attributes.1.3. Identify factors influencing consumer purchases of U.S. farm-raised catfish, and assess consumers' willingness to pay for the preferred forms and attributes.1.4. Identify and evaluate production, processing and distribution systems within the catfish supply chain in the U.S.1.5. Develop fact sheets that summarize which attributes of U.S. farm-raised catfish are most important to consumers.Stage 2: Design and develop new products:The second stage will place emphasis on development of new U.S. farm-raised products, packaging, and labeling for domestic markets. Specific project activities will include:2.1 Organize an industry-wide workshop with stakeholders to design new products and marketing strategies.2.2 Design new U.S. farm-raised catfish products.2.3. Develop new catfish products.Stage 3. Test new products and design appropriate marketing strategies:The third stage will i) facilitate testing of new products and designing of the most relevant and feasible catfish marketing strategies, and ii) ensure continuing dissemination of knowledge gathered to relevant stakeholders beyond the project period. The specific activities will involve:3.1 Test marketing of new U.S. farm-raised products in selected markets.3.2. Design marketing strategies for various types of catfish products.3.3 Build capacity of UAPB and various stakeholders to implement product development and marketing strategies.3.4 Workshops with stakeholders to ensure further dissemination and adoption of project findings beyond the project period.

Progress 09/01/14 to 08/31/19

Outputs
Target Audience:Graduate and undergraduate students, faculty, seafood business, and fish farmers and processors. Changes/Problems: Nothing Reported What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?Using the project resources, one student has completed PhD in 2016. Two MS students havecompleted their thesis research andtwo post-doctoral fellowswere involvedin research to identify consumer demands for new products and generated information on marketing aspects of the convenient (ready-to-cook) catfish products developed through the project. One undergraduate student was involved in the survey. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?Research results were disseminated through conference presentations (Aquaculture America 2017 in Texas; ARD 2017 Research Symposium in Atlanta; 2018 American Fisheries Society Annual Meeting in Atlantic city; Aquaculture America 2019 in New Orleans; ARD2019 Research Symposium in Florida; 2019 American Fisheries Society Annual Meeting in Reno, Nevada;), industry-research workshop (Arkansas Catfish Farmers Meeting 2017, American Catfish Farmers Association Meeting 2019). Ready-to-cook catfish products were showcased in Fram Bureau Meeting 2018 held in Hot Spring, Arkansas; UAPB Aquaculture and Fisheries Ceneter Field Day held in PineBluff, Arkansasin October 2018; 63rd UAPB Annual Rural Life Conferencein Pine Bluff; ARD2019 Research Symposium held in Jacksonville, Florida. Two papers will be presented in the upcoming Aquaculture America 2020 meeting to be held on February 9 - 12, 2020 inHonolulu, Hawaii. Valuable insights were generated for development of new catfish products and enhancing long-run competitiveness of the US catfish industry. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?The project has successfully been completed on 31 August 2019.

Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals? The projecthas developed fiveconvenient (ready-to-cook) catfish productsusing U.S. farm-raised hybrid catfish. Using experimental auctions, it has also identified American consumers' acceptnace, preference and willingness to pay the convenient catfish products. Based on a nationwide survey, the project has also generated relevant market intelligence required to process these products and market these products on a commercial basis. The project has been successfullyimplementedin three stages: Stage 1: Analysis and synthesis of consumers' preferences; Stage 2: Design and develop new products; and Stage 3: Test new products and design appropriate marketing strategies. During the first phase,the project team successfully identified key features for new catfish products. American catfish consumers have been looking for convenient and healthy catfish products which will reduce their fish processing, cooking and serving time. In the second stage,the project teamdeveloped five convenient (ready-to-cook) and healthy catfish products. These are: Panko Breaded Standard Catfish Strips, Panko Breaded Standard Catfish Fillet, Panko Breaded Delacata Catfish Fillet, Sriracha Marinated Delacata Catfish and Sesame-Ginger Marinated Delacata Catfish. Out of these five products, first three products have to be baked for about 30 minutes before eating and the latter two products need to be microwaved for 5-6 minutes before eating. In the third stage, the project teamelicited acceptance, preferences and willingness to pay for the ready-to-cook catfishproducts from diverse group of American catfish consumers through experimental auctions. We have also conducted nationwide online survey on 2000 seafood consumers to know their feedback about the products, potential price and mareketing related information. based on the analyses of the above-mentioned databases several papers are prepared and presented in various forums. Thus, the project has successfully developed convenient (ready-to-cook) catfish products, generated new knowledge and insightswhich will shape up future seafood products for American consumers and will significantly enhance long-run competitiveness of the US catfish industry.

Publications

  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: Deb U Dey M and Khanal N. 2018. How Does Brand Affect Demand for Catfish? an Analysis of Store-Based Scanner Data in the United States. Abstract (# 33606), ORAL presentation at the 148th Annual Meeting of the American Fisheries Society held in Atlantic City, NJ during August 19-23, 2018.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Deb, U., M. Dey, L. Xie, N. Khanal, S. Adhikari, P. Bechtel, J. Bland and C. Grimm. 2019. American Consumers Willingness to Pay for Newly Developed Convenient Catfish Products. Oral presentation at the 148th Annual Meeting of the American Fisheries Society held during 29 September -2 October 2019 in Reno, Nevada, USA.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Deb, U., M. Dey, S. Adhikari, N. Khanal, L. Xie, P. Bechtel, J. Bland, S. Brashear and K. Gosh. 2019. Willingness to Pay for Convenient (Ready-to-Cook) Catfish Products. Poster paper presented at the American Catfish Farmers Association Meeting held on 22 February 2019 in Hot Spring, Arkansas, USA.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Deb, U., M. Dey, S. Adhikari, N. Khanal, L. Xie, P. Bechtel, J. Bland and C. Grimm. 2019.Consumers' Acceptance and Preference for Convenient Catfish Products: Evidence from Experimental Auctions. Presentation made at the 3rd Annual Research Symposium on Aquaculture and Fisheries held on November 8, 2019 at the Department of Aquaculture and Fisheries, University of Arkansas at Pine Bluff, Arkansas, USA.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Accepted Year Published: 2020 Citation: Deb, U., M. Dey, S. Adhikari, N. Khanal, L. Xie, P. Bechtel, J. Bland and C. Grimm. 2020.Consumers' Acceptance and Preference for Convenient Catfish Products: Evidence from Experimental Auctions. Accepted (Abstract ID# 642) for presentation at the Aquaculture America 2020, organized by the World Aquaculture Society, to be held in Honolulu, Hawaii on February 9 - 12, 2020.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Adhikari, S., U. Deb, M. Dey, L. Xie, N. B. Khanal, P. Bechtel, J. Bland, S. Brashear, K. Gosh, and B. Martin. 2019. Consumers Willingness to Pay for Convenient Catfish Products. Poster paper presented at 63rd Annual Rural Life Conference, February 1, 2019, University of Arkansas at Pine Bluff.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Adhikari, S., U. Deb, M. Dey, L. Xie, N. B. Khanal, P. Bechtel, J. Bland, S. Brashear, K. Gosh, and B. Martin. 2019. Consumers Willingness to Pay for Newly Developed Catfish Products with Varying Level of Convenience: Evidence from Experimental Auctions. Oral presentation (Abstract ID# 799) at the Aquaculture 2019 Conference, organized by the World Aquaculture Society, held in New Orleans, Louisiana, USA on 7-11 March 2019.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Adhikari, S., U. Deb, M. Dey, L. Xie, N. B. Khanal, P. Bechtel, J. Bland, S. Brashear, K. Gosh, and B. Martin. 2019. Consumers Willingness to Pay for Convenient Catfish Products. Poster paper presented at the Association of 1890 Research Directors Conference held on March 30-April 3, 2019 in Jacksonville, Florida.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Adhikari, S., U. Deb, M. Dey, L. Xie, N. B. Khanal, P. Bechtel, J. Bland, S. Brashear, K. Gosh, and B. Martin. 2019. Consumers Willingness to Pay for Convenient Catfish Products. Poster paper presented at the Annual Faculty and Student Research Forum, held on April 3-4, 2019 at the University of Arkansas at Pine Bluff.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Khanal, N. B., U. Deb, M. M. Dey, L. Xie, S. Adhikari, P. J. Bechtel, J. Bland, S. Brashear, K. Gosh and B. Martin. 2019. Does Sensory Attribute Affect the Consumer Preference? Evidences from the Second Price Auction of Newly Developed Convenient Catfish Products. Oral presentation at the 19th Biennial Research Symposium of the 1890 Research Directors held in Jacksonville, Florida on March 30-April 3, 2019.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: Khanal, N. B., S. Adhikari, and U. Deb. 2018. Measuring consumers willingness to pay for seafood products: a review of analytical methods. Poster paper presented at the 31st UAPB Annual Research Forum held on March 8, 2018 at the University of Arkansas at Pine Bluff, Arkansas, USA.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Khanal N. B., U. Deb, M. M. Dey, L. Xie, S. Adhikari, K. Gosh, P. J. Bechtel, J. Bland and S. Brashear. 2019. Factors Affecting Consumers Willingness to Pay: Result from the Second Price Auction of Newly Developed Convenient Catfish Products. Oral presentation at the UAPB Annual Research Forum held on April 3-4, 2019 at the University of Arkansas at Pine Bluff, Arkansas, USA.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Khanal N. B., U. Deb, M. Dey, L. Xie, S. Adhikari1, P. Bechtel, J. Bland and C. Grimm.2019. Sensory Aptness and Its Influence on Consumers Willingness to Pay of Convenient Catfish Products. Presentation made at the 3rd Annual Research Symposium on Aquaculture and Fisheries held on November 8, 2019 at the Department of Aquaculture and Fisheries, University of Arkansas at Pine Bluff, Arkansas, USA.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Accepted Year Published: 2020 Citation: Khanal N. B., U. Deb, M. Dey, L. Xie, S. Adhikari1, P. Bechtel, J. Bland and C. Grimm.2019. Sensory Aptness and Its Influence on Consumers Willingness to Pay of Convenient Catfish Products. Accepted (Abstract ID# 604) for presentation at the Aquaculture America 2020, organized by the World Aquaculture Society, to be held in Honolulu, Hawaii on February 9 - 12, 2020.


Progress 09/01/17 to 08/31/18

Outputs
Target Audience:Researchers dealing with aquaculture products, consumer economics, food technology and processing, marketing of food products;Catfish farmers and processors; students Changes/Problems:Recruited two new graduate students and one post-doctoral fellow for the project. Initiated collaboration with Texas State University for implementation of the project and through this collaboration Dr. Madan Dey, original project director who has moved from the UAPB to the Texas State University, is formally included as a member of the research team. Two team members (Dr. Carole Engle and Dr. Nathan Stone) after their retirement from the UAPB were dropped from the project. Project Team has requested to the NIFA for approval of one year no-cost extension for implementation of the project and prepared a revised plan to deliver all outputs by August 31, 2019. What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?Two MS students are conducting their thesis research and one post-doctoral fellow is studyingproduct marketing issuesusing the project resources. Both the students have formally defended their thesis research proposal. One student is investigating role of price factors on consumers' willingness to pay for five convenient andnutritious catfish products developed under the project. Another student is identifying role of non-price factors especially sensory characteristics such as crispiness, tenderness, flavor,juiciness, taste, texture, and oiliness, and demographic factors on acceptance and preferences for the convenient catfish products developed through this project.Research focus of the post-doctoral fellow ismarketing aspects of the five convenient and nutritious products developed through the project. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?Research results were disseminated through conference presentations (American Fisheries Society Conference, UAPB Research Forum, Aquatic Sciences Day), industry-research workshop (Arkansas Catfish Farmers Meeting 2018) and young visitors at UAPB (high school student participating AgDiscovery program, and elementary school students group visited the university to know aquaculture and fisheries department activities). What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?The project team has been conducting experimental auctions to measure consumers' acceptance, preference and willingness to pay for the five convenient and nutritious catfish products developed through this project products. This activity will be completed by December 2018. Data generated through the auctions will be analyzed and reported by March 2019. Based on the results and feed backs, catfish products will be modified (if need) by April 2019 to satisfy consumers requirement. We will prepare journal articles, research reports and disseminate research results through stakeholder meetings involving catfish processors, retailers, farmers and researchers. All the project deliverables will be completed by August 2019.

Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals? Five convenient and nutritious catfish products are developed. These are: Panko Breaded Standard Catfish Strips, Panko Breaded Standard Catfish Fillet, Panko Breaded Delacata Catfish Fillet, Sriracha Marinade Delacata Catfish, and Sesame-Ginger Marinade Delacata Catfish. Out of these five products, first three products have to be baked for about 30 minutes before eating and the later two products need to be microwaved for 5-6 minutes before eating. The project team has been eliciting perception and willingness to pay for these products from diverse group of American catfish consumers through experimental auctions. Study results will be used for further modification of the newly developed convenient catfish products (if needed) and estimation of consumer demand for these products and recommending strategies for catfish processing and marketing. Thus, the newly developed catfish products and new knowledge and insights generated through this project will significantly enhance long-run competitiveness of the US catfish industry.

Publications

  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2017 Citation: Deb U, Dey M and Challa N. 2017. Production, Consumption and Trade of Catfish in the United States: Trends, Causes and Implications. Abstract (#225) published in 18th Biennial Research Symposium Program + Abstract Book entitled 1890 Research: Meeting 21st Century Challenges through Innovation, Page 125. Deb U Dey M and Khanal N. 2018. How Does Brand Affect Demand for Catfish? An Analysis of Store-Based Scanner Data in the United States. Abstract (# 33606) accepted for ORAL presentation at the 148th Annual Meeting of the American Fisheries Society to be held in Atlantic City, NJ during August 19-23, 2018. Khanal N, Adhikari S and Deb U. 2018. Measuring Consumers Willingness to Pay for Seafood Products: A Review of Analytical Methods. Poster Paper presented at the UAPB Research Forum held at the University of Arkansas at Pine Bluff on 8 March 2018.


Progress 09/01/16 to 08/31/17

Outputs
Target Audience:Graduate and undergraduate students, faculty, seafood business, and fish farmers and processors. Changes/Problems:Project Director (Dr. Madan Mohan Dey) has resigned from the Department of Aquaculture and Fisheries, University of Arkansas at Pine Bluff. New Project Director (Dr. Uttam Deb) has officially been assigned responsibility in May 2017. Earlier, two graduate students also left the project. As a result, we are behind the schedule to implement some of the project activities. The University of Arkansas at Pine Bluff (the project implementing agency) has approved the first no-cost extension of this project though 31 August 2018. We have made a revised plan to complete the project and deliver all outputs by August 31, 2018. Efforts are underway to recruit new graduate students and to deliver the committed outputs within the extended period (by 31 August 2018). What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?One post-doctoral research fellow worked on this project. One student completed PhD in 2016. Based on the research findings in doctoral dissertation research, the student submitted a research paper for publication in academic journal. One MS student was involved in analysis and preparation of a research paper identifying the trends, competitiveness and causes of decline in catfish production in the United States. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?Research results were disseminated through conference presentations (Aquaculture America 2017, ARD 2017 Research Symposium, UAPB Research Forum), industry-research workshop (Arkansas Catfish Farmers Meeting 2017). Valuable insights were generated for development of new catfish products and enhancing long-run competitiveness of the US catfish industry. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?In the next step, our focus will be measuring consumers' willingness to pay for three to five catfish products and develop several products. We will also organize stakeholder consultation involving catfish processors, retailers, farmers and researchers.

Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals? 1. Importance of brand in demand for catfish was analyzed at the disaggregated market level for 10- metro cities (Atlanta, Boston, Chicago, Detroit, Los Angeles, New York, Philadelphia, Pittsburgh, San Francisco and Washington D.C.) in the United States. Analysis of retail level scanner data revealed that brand equity plays a key role in US Catfish market. Brand strength varied across products and time. Price premium and price advantage influenced market share of brands. 2. Food-size catfish production (sales) in the United States has declined by 55 %, from 699 million pounds in 2003 to 320 million pounds in 2016. The project team identified the underlying causes of rapid decline in catfish production, which are rise in cost of production since 2008 mainly due to increases in the price of feed, inability to pass increased cost to consumers, high "substitutability" of white fleshed fish, competition from imported tilapia, competition from lower-price imported fish, price risks related to market fluctuations, and financial risks due to credit and cash flow constraints. 3. In-depth consultation with project partners and key stakeholders identified key features of new catfish products to be developed.

Publications


    Progress 09/01/15 to 08/31/16

    Outputs
    Target Audience:Graduate and undergraduate students, faculty, seafood business, and fish farmers and processors. Changes/Problems:Two PhD students recruited for this project left their graduate program (at the Department of Aquaculture and Fisheries, University of Arkansas at Pine Bluff) earlier this year. As a result, we are behind the schedule to implement some of the project activities. Efforts are underway to recruit new students. What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?ThreePhD students and one post-doctoral research fellow worked on this project. One PhD student successfully completed her degree. Project reports have been part of a PhD dissertation and will be academic publications. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?We have disseminated the results over conference presentations, industry-research workshop. Findings from this project provided valuable information for long-run competitiveness of the US catfish industry. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?In next step, we will focus on how to conduct persuasive quantitative analysis on consumers' willingness to pay for attributes of new catfish products. And we will transform market information into product designs in cooperation with catfish farmers and processors.

    Impacts
    What was accomplished under these goals? 1. Based on retail level scanner data, this project analyzed the current trends in the seafood retail markets. It analyzed changes in the seafood consumption environment over the period from 2009 through 2013 across the ten metro markets. 2. This project measured implicit price of seafood product attributes. One major finding is that potential price premium attributes are convenient product forms and smaller packaging sizes. 3. This project also found that private labels have dominating brand positioning in all seafood markets. However, there is evidence suggesting thatU.S. farm-raised catfish brands have no such brand influence in the market.

    Publications


      Progress 09/01/14 to 08/31/15

      Outputs
      Target Audience:Graduate and undergraduate students, faculty, and catfish fish farmers and processors. Changes/Problems: Nothing Reported What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?Currently one PhD student has been recruited along with one post doctoral research fellow to accomplish the project goals and objectives. Along with the project reports, this will lead to a PhD dissertation of the doctoral student as well as academic publications. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?We have disseminated the results of our seafood demand analysis, which have proven to be valuable to the catfish industry. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?By next reporting period (August 2016), we will complete the analysisof recentseafood scanner data. We will analyze consumers' preferences andidentify factors influencing consumer purchases and assess consumers' willingness to pay. Our results and analysis will be disseminated to the relevant stakeholders (including catfish farmers and processors).

      Impacts
      What was accomplished under these goals? 1. To understand the consumers' preferences of catfish products, collection of existing literatures relevant to catfish production, processing, marketing, and competition with imported products have been going on. 2. We have analyzed demand for seafood products (catfish) in the United States.

      Publications