Source: OKLAHOMA STATE UNIVERSITY submitted to NRP
DEVELOPMENT OF SENSING SYSTEMS TO DETECT AND INVESTIGATE PHYSICAL PROPERTIES AND PARTICLE FORCES IN BULK GRAIN STORAGE SYSTEMS AS RELATED TO SAFE PRODUCT STORAGE AND HANDLING
Sponsoring Institution
National Institute of Food and Agriculture
Project Status
COMPLETE
Funding Source
HATCH
Reporting Frequency
Annual
Accession No.
1004318
Grant No.
(N/A)
Cumulative Award Amt.
(N/A)
Proposal No.
(N/A)
Multistate No.
(N/A)
Project Start Date
Oct 22, 2014
Project End Date
Sep 30, 2019
Grant Year
(N/A)
Program Code
[(N/A)]- (N/A)
Recipient Organization
OKLAHOMA STATE UNIVERSITY
(N/A)
STILLWATER,OK 74078
Performing Department
Biosystems & Ag Engineering
Non Technical Summary
Project Number OKL02920Grain quality not only has an economic impact on the grain industry, but it may also pose extreme hazards for storage structures and personnel dealing with handling complications when the grain goes out of condition. Workers enter the bins to unclog reclaim systems or break clumps of moldy grain for handling and become entrapped in grain avalanches, bridges or flowing grain. In addition, high moisture grain tends to swell and sprout resulting in higher lateral forces on grain bin walls. The force dynamics at the interface of the grain with the human body and with handling equipment is not clearly understood. The lack of sensing equipment to conduct this research and the computing power to model such extensive data if the forces could be measured have severely hindered research in the area of grain tribology until recently. This project will develop sensing systems to detect and model these forces. Using these systems and models, protocols for emergency rescue personnel for entrapment victims will be developed and managers of grain structures will be able to make repair or decommissioning decisions for their infrastructure before failures occur.
Animal Health Component
50%
Research Effort Categories
Basic
25%
Applied
50%
Developmental
25%
Classification

Knowledge Area (KA)Subject of Investigation (SOI)Field of Science (FOS)Percent
4025330202070%
4045330202030%
Knowledge Area
404 - Instrumentation and Control Systems; 402 - Engineering Systems and Equipment;

Subject Of Investigation
5330 - Farm structures and related facilities;

Field Of Science
2020 - Engineering;
Goals / Objectives
The intent of this proposal is to set forth research supporting the development of sensing systems to detect and identify quality characteristics in agricultural products. The specific objective of this proposal is to:Develop a sensing method to measure or estimate the forces within the grain bulk during storage in grain bins and silos.
Project Methods
Investigation of existing force measuring products in other industries has begun. Sensing systems considered include load cell mats from wheel chair and patient bedding "hot spot" detection, sensing pads that detect forces in equine saddle pads and horseshoes, and athletic shoe impact sensors. None of these products fit our requirements and none are rugged enough for the dusty and harsh environment of grain handling and storage. We will consider ideas from each, replicate appropriate parts, and design a new electronic product with interface to meet our requirements. The first round of testing will be conducted on grain commonly grown in Oklahoma and the surrounding states. This will include wheat, canola, soybeans and corn. Grain type, moisture content, packing factor, size of bin, temperature, and foreign material will be quantified and considered variables in our testing. A mannequin with average size and weight of a US male (McDowell et al, 2008) will be the "fixture" for our force testing apparatus. Both static forces (the fixture buried in grain and both grain and fixture remain stationary) and dynamic forces (moving grain, moving fixture, forces applied to grain such as walking on ground around the victim) will be considered. Subsequent years of testing will apply the knowledge and experience from the first round to other grains with different physical properties. We will continue to test and improve on our research from the past three years in hyperspectral sensing of canola and capacitance based sensing of several products to improve correlations with rancidity, mold, moisture and foreign materials. While commercially available moisture meters are already commonplace, these do not consider anything other than moisture. Oil quality and mold detection will be our first priority with other quality factors such as moisture, free standing water, and foreign material such as insects and fine material will be our second step in development. Data from objective one will be included in modeling using Itasca PFC3D software (Itasca, Houston, TX) for distinct element modeling for micromechanical analysis of geomaterials and particulate systems. After this developed model has been well tested, we will expand the model with the hyperspectral and capacitance sensing data to refine our knowledge and model of the interaction of grain quality and forces on bins and humans. Working with physicians at OSU's Health Center in Tulsa that conduct research in the area of forces on the human body (g-forces in military aircraft, underwater forces, and suspension forces), we will correlate the forces from our testing with maladies of the human body under these conditions. We will work in partnership with fire protection and safety researchers and trainers to develop appropriate rescue methods and extension material to help emergency response personnel understand and prepare for appropriate rescue missions in grain accidents. This information will ultimately be extended through web resources, printed fact sheets, certification training, and workshops.

Progress 10/22/14 to 09/30/19

Outputs
Target Audience:The target audience includes university researchers, grain producers, grain storage managers and workers, and emergency response personnel. Changes/Problems: Nothing Reported What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?Sensing the environment in a grain bin has provided over 1000 hours of training for firefighters and agricultural workers in conjunctionwith OSU's Fire Service Training through the Grain Entrapment Training Trailer. This trailer was funded by OSHA and Assistance to Firefighters Grants. HATCH funding is not enough to offer training for this work so outside sources through other means had to be garnered. The force and environmental information from this HATCH project have leveraged $966,000 in funding from OSHA for online and in-person training targeted for ag workers and ag students. In 2019, OSHA's Susan Harwood grant program provided another $146,000 of funding for capacity building of hazardous communications in the ag environment which includes sensor training on use and interpretation of sensing data. The e-nose is essential in this environment and will be tested with this audience during training exercises. At present, there is no inexpensive method for alerting emergency personnel and workers to mold hazards. Current training alerts workers to the possibility and physical attributes that indicate the presence of dangerous molds, insect activity, and air contaminants. The sensor will be used to identify and quantify the presence of dangerous environmental contaminants including mold. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?As mentioned in the previous section, training on sensing the grain storage environment has been rolled out using OSHA funding in the absence of HATCH and other funding sources. In total, over 3000 people have attended training opportunities and workshops concerning working safely in the grain storage environment. Approximately three-fourths of the attendees have been emergency response personnel that work in rural areas. The other fourth of the trainees has been elevators workers, licensed fumigators, and grain storage managers. These trainees are from Oklahoma, Texas, Kansas, Missouri, Arkansas, Nebraska, Iowa, North Dakota, Wyoming, Wisconsin, Illinois, Florida, Georgia, and Colorado. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals? Nothing Reported

Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals? A metal oxide semiconductor-based electronic nose system was developed that is capable of identifying mold and other hazards in grain storage facilities. The e-nose can clearly detect mold, contaminants of different types, and different types of insects (this part is still in development and testing). The electronic nose was constructed from off the shelf components costing less than $100. Commercial models cost more than $15,000 which makes them unobtainable by most ag entities. Ideally, the electronic nose would be deployed in individual grain bins for continuous monitoring and communication to a central location. This will require packaging the sensor array with an integrated power supply and communication system. Alternatively, a handheld unit could be utilized periodically for sampling at one of the aeration exhaust vents. It is this handheld version of the sensing package that has the most promise. Not only will producers and storage managers be able to detect biological challenges in their grain bins, but emergency response personnel will also be able to detect unsafe working environments before they enter the unknown set of conditions. Field testing is required to verify the ability of the nose to function longterm in a dusty environment with considerable variation in temperature and humidity throughout the year. It is expected that the nose could be easily adapted for use in other environments such as household and warehouse storage areas. The electronic nose project has been a part of one dissertation successfully completed by an undergraduate research Biosystems Engineering student. Her research allowed her to win a 3 MT competition and fulfilled her responsibilities as a Wentz Scholar. The electronic nose is in the laboratory stages of development. However, a master's student is working on fine-tuning the power source and specific sensor response for the grain environment. During the summer of 2019, this master's student worked at the USDA in Manhattan, Kansas, where she further refined the electronic board design and packaging of the sensor. The power source is the final portion before the sensor is ready for real-time deployment.

Publications


    Progress 10/01/17 to 09/30/18

    Outputs
    Target Audience:Farmers, elevator managers, and other researchers will benefit from this technology. The technology may also be extended to residential mold detection markets. Changes/Problems:Direct force detection in bins has been hampered because of funding for grain acquisition. We will work on additional sensing products that lend to force determination by inference such as the electronic nose. What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?The electronic nose project has been a part of one dissertation successfully completed an undergraduate research by a Biosystems Engineering student. Her research allowed her to win a 3 MT competition and fulfilled her responsibilities as a Wentz Scholar. This project has the potential for further development in her Master's work here at OSU should she choose this institution for her graduate work. The electronic nose is in the very early stages of development and not ready for extension education yet. Hopefully, 2019 will be a good time to accomplish a rollout of this information. Sensing the environment in a grain bin has provided over 700 hours of training for firefighters and agricultural workers in conjunction with OSU's Fire Service Training through the Grain Entrapment Training Trailer. This trailer was funded by OSHA and Assistance to Firefighters Grants. The force and environmental information from this HATCH project have leveraged another $300,000 in funding from OSHA for online training targeted for 16-24-year-old ag workers and ag students. The impact of this piece of training will be assessed in 2019. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?Journal articles and posters at meetings Journal article in preparation to be published in 2019 What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?We will finalize the packaging on the nose and do testing for additional force correlations in bins. We will investigate the opportunities of refining the sensor to accomplish sensitivity to molds in living quarters such as bathrooms and kitchens.

    Impacts
    What was accomplished under these goals? A metal oxide semiconductor-based electronic nose system was developed that is capable of identifying mold in canola seed with an error rate of less than 3%. A clear distinction between the inoculation levels could not be made and this warrants further investigation. Additional testing to determine the lower detection limit is also desirable. The electronic nose was constructed from off the shelf components costing less than $100. There is potential for commercial application of the electronic nose for early detection of mold in storage. Ideally, the electronic nose would be deployed in individual grain bins for continuous monitoring and communication to a central location. This will require packaging the sensor array with an integrated power supply and communication system. Alternatively, a handheld unit could be utilized periodically for sampling at one of the aeration exhaust vents. Additional development is needed to improve the ability of the electronic nose to adjust to changes in temperature and relative humidity. Field testing is also required to verify the ability of the nose to function long term in a dusty environment with considerable variation in temperature and humidity throughout the year. It is expected that the nose could be easily adapted for use in other grains. Ideally, an electronic nose can be developed that is effective at detecting mold in a wide variety of grain types.

    Publications

    • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: Jones, C. and D. Wambeke. 2018. Grain bin access design safety. ANSI/ASABE S624.
    • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2017 Citation: Jones, C. and T. Conley. 2018. Quantifying grain storage structure leakage by testing effects of environmental conditions on pressure loss. IWCSPP. Berlin, Germany.
    • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2017 Citation: Moore, K. G., & Jones, C. 2017. Impact of polyethylene liner on the storage of winter canola in unaerated steel bins. Stored Product Journal 73: 125-128.
    • Type: Theses/Dissertations Status: Published Year Published: 2017 Citation: Moore, K. 2017. Storage and Electronic Mold Odor Detection of Winter Canola Seed with Safety Implications for Quality Loss. Dissertation. Oklahoma State University Biosystems and Ag Engineering, Stillwater, OK.


    Progress 10/01/16 to 09/30/17

    Outputs
    Target Audience:Professionals that manage and store agricultural products Changes/Problems:Limited funding from state support has caused support staff to be limited. More of my time is taken with clerical and accounting tasks. This interrupts research time. Also, the funding for a half-time research engineer has been cut. Productivity in research will be greatly hindered due to this cut. I expect to only be about half as productive as my program has been in the past due to these cuts. What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?Undergraduates are working in the laboratory along with faculty and grad students. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?Research information was disseminated at different agricultural conferences and through fact sheets as well as journal articles. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?Development of a packaged and field ready model of the electronic nose has begun and should be completed in 2018. An undergraduate research program has been established and extra funding secured. This program has 5 students participating and will be focused on forces in grain bins, electronic nose and psychrometric research in the grain industry.

    Impacts
    What was accomplished under these goals? An electronic nose for detecting mold in stored canola was developed as a bench top prototype model. Development work fora packaged and field ready model has begun and should be completed in 2018. Studies in the germination and quality of different varieties of stored canola continued and will continue into 2018. The study found that the varieties grown in Oklahoma have similar storage characteristics. Forces on grain entrapment victims were studied using a mannequin and forcing sensing vest adapted at OSU. This work was published in 2017.

    Publications

    • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2017 Citation: Moore, K. G., Jones, C., Frazier, R. S. 2017. Engineering education for Generation Z. American Journal of Engineering Education. AJEE-17103
    • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2017 Citation: Moore, K and C. Jones. 2017. Grain Entrapment Pressure on the Torso - Can You Breathe While Buried in Grain? Journal of Ag Safety and Health 23(2):99-107
    • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2017 Citation: Ag Expo, Oklahoma Grain and Feed Association, New Developments in Aeration Practices, Norman, OK. Novembver 6, 2017
    • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2017 Citation: Grain Bin Aeration and IPM Plan Development, Texas High Plains Grain Elevator Workshop, Amarillo, TX, February 2, 2017. 2 presentations: IPM and aeration
    • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2017 Citation: Missouri Pesticide Certification and Fumigation Workshops. (4 presentations). January 17-18, 2017. Columbia, Missouri
    • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2017 Citation: OSHA Stand Down for Grain Bin Entrapment Safety Webinar. January 26, 2017.
    • Type: Other Status: Other Year Published: 2017 Citation: Grain Bin Safety Standards. ASABE x.624 Standards Committee. February 25, 2017.
    • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2017 Citation: Oklahoma State ASABE meeting, Collaboration and FEW, February 24, 2017, Stillwater, OK.
    • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2017 Citation: Moore, K. and C. Jones. 2017. Development of a low0-cost electronic nose for the detection of mold in stored canola seed. NC213 National Meeting. Kansas City, MO. February 2017.
    • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2017 Citation: Moore, K. and C. Jones. 2017. On-farm storage of winter canola  study of lined and unlined steel bins. NC213 National Meeting. Kansas City, MO. February 2017.
    • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2017 Citation: Conley, T. and C. Jones. 2017. Evaluating sealing quality of grain storage bins combined with appropriate phosphine application strategy to minimize insect resistance in the U. S. NC213 National Meeting. Kansas City, MO. March, 2017.
    • Type: Theses/Dissertations Status: Published Year Published: 2017 Citation: Storage and Monitoring of Winter Canola Seed with Implications For Quality Loss, Kevin Moore PhD dissertation.


    Progress 10/01/15 to 09/30/16

    Outputs
    Target Audience:Grain storage facilities, farms, food processing facilities and emergency responders. Changes/Problems: Nothing Reported What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?One PhD student will complete his degree in May, 2017 and one MS student will complete here degree in December of 2017. Over 400 emergency responders and grain elevator workers have been trained in 2015-2016 for level one awareness for grain bin incidents. Level two training is available and will be rolled out in 2017. Level three technician level training will be available in 2018 and is in review at present. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?Storing Grain Bags in Oklahoma, November 18, 2015, Oklahoma City, OK. Grain Bin Aeration and Dust Prevention, Texas High Plains Grain Elevator Workshop, Amarillo, TX, January 22, 2016. 2 presentations: dust prevention and aeration. Missouri Pesticide Certification and Fumigation Workshops. (4 presentations). January 19-20, 2016. Columbia, Missouri Safety and Grain Bin Entrapment, SunRay Cooperative, Sunray TX. March 9 - 11, 2016. Six presentations Fumigation: A Piece of the Safety Puzzle, National Grain and Feed Association's Safety conference, August 2 - 4, 2016, Omaha, Nebraska Change Management. OSU Academic Leader Academy Session 2 (2 presentations). October 4 and 5, 2016. Fumigation Continuing Education Workshop. Oklahoma Ag Expo. (4 presentations). October 18, 2016. Fumigation: a piece of the safety puzzle. Fall Fumigation Workshop. Stillwater, OK. November 2, 2016. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?Two papers are in process for evaluating dielectric properties of southern grown winter hardy canola. One dissertation will be finished that ties physical properties and detection of those properties to safety. An electronic nose will be tested for detection of molds in canola. Data gathering is in progress and will continue on the effect sealing of grain bins has on fumigation efficacy. New Funding acquired: Principal Investigator. "Evaluating Sealing Quality of Grain Storage Bins". The Andersons Research Grant Program. With Casada, Bhadra, Arthur, Maghirang, Adam Maier, Cook. 01/01/16 - 12/31/17. $50,000. Funded. Principal Investigator. "Mobile Grain Engulfment/Confined Space Rescue Simulator". Assistance to Firefighters Grant. With Reed and Fire Services Training. 5/1/16-4/30/17. $345,000. Funded.

    Impacts
    What was accomplished under these goals? Forces encountered by a lifesize mannequin have been determined using a specially designed force monitoring vest system. Storage conditions of oilseeds in marginally viable storage bins was tested and the results are being presented in early 2017. Data is being collected on pressure half life in various sealing procedures of grain bins. Extension publications have been produced and are available through the Oklahoma State University Extension service.

    Publications

    • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2016 Citation: Sekhon, J., N. Maness, and C. Jones. 2016. Effect of compressed propane extraction on storage stability of dried cilantro (Coriandrum sativum L.). Journal of Food Engineering Jan16.
    • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2015 Citation: Sekhon, J., N. Maness, and C. Jones. 2015. Effect of preprocessing and compressed propane extraction on quality of cilantro (Coriandrum sativum L.). Food Chemistry 175: 322-328.
    • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2015 Citation: Ismayilzade, N, V. Samedov, B. Kard, and C. Jones. 2015. Sunflower seed damage and economic injury level of the European Sunflower Moth (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) in the Republic of Azerbaijan. Journal of Entomological Science 50(2): 138-146.
    • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2016 Citation: Jones, C.L., 2016. Grain Bin Entrapment: Dont Let It Happen To You! BAE-1113. Oklahoma Cooperative Extension Service, Stillwater, Oklahoma.
    • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2016 Citation: Jones, C.L., 2016. Grain handling automation and controls. BAE-1290. Oklahoma Cooperative Extension Service, Stillwater, Oklahoma.
    • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2016 Citation: Jones, C.L., 2016. Grain bin entrapment: a case study from an Oklahoma country elevator. CR-1726. Oklahoma Cooperative Extension Service, Stillwater, Oklahoma.
    • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2015 Citation: Jones, C.L., C. Reed, and S. George. 2015. Grain Bin Safety Training, Instructors Manual and Student Manual. Oklahoma State University Fire Services Training Publishing, Stillwater, Oklahoma.
    • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2015 Citation: Jones, C.L., C. Reed, and S. George. 2015. Grain Bin Safety Training, Teaching Slides with video on external drive. Oklahoma State University Fire Services Training Publishing, Stillwater, Oklahoma.
    • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2015 Citation: Grain Bin Safety. 2015. Video delivered on thumb drive. Oklahoma State Fire Services Training, Stillwater, Oklahoma.
    • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2016 Citation: Jones, C.L. and E. Bonjour. 2015. Preparing grain bins and flat storages prior to harvest or incoming product storage. Oklahoma State University Extension Service, Stillwater, Oklahoma.
    • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2015 Citation: Grain Bin Safety Awareness. 2015. Curriculum for training ag workers. Oklahoma State University Fire Services Training Publishing, Stillwater, OK
    • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Accepted Year Published: 2015 Citation: Bonjour, E., C. Jones and R. Beeby. 2015. A closed loop system improves phosphine fumigation in stored grain facilities. Entomological Society of America. Entomology 2015 Conference, November 15-18, 2015. Minneapolis, MN
    • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Accepted Year Published: 2015 Citation: Jones, C. and G. Brown. 2015. Adapting a culture mapping technique to the needs of engineering students and researchers. ASABE Annual International Meeting Paper No. 152189818, New Orleans, LA. July 29, 2015.
    • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Accepted Year Published: 2016 Citation: Bonjour, E. and C. Jones. 2016. Minimizing insect infestations in gran storage facilities prior to harvest. XXV International Congress of Entomology. Orlando, FL. September 25-30, 2016.
    • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Accepted Year Published: 2015 Citation: Moore, K and C. Jones. 2015. Impact of a polyethylene liner on the storage of canola in unaerated steel bins  Year 1 results. ASABE Annual International Meeting Paper No. 152189116, New Orleans, LA. July 29, 2015.


    Progress 10/22/14 to 09/30/15

    Outputs
    Target Audience:The target audience for the research and extension completed under this grant grain producers, fumigation specialists, elevator companies and farmers who handle and store grain on their farms. Changes/Problems: Nothing Reported What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?Six workshops were presented around the state of Oklahoma that taught people associated with handling grain about safety and about the forces and danger consequences when entrapped in grain or when a bin is out of balance and on the brink of collapse. Attending these workshops were elevator managers, farmers, county extension educators, and insurance companies. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?Preliminary results have been given at 6 workshops and 2 international meetings. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?Journal articles will be published and the final data and conclusions will be presented in 6 more workshops across the state. A fact sheet will summarize the findings of this research as well.

    Impacts
    What was accomplished under these goals? A mannequin and specialty sensing pads have been purchased. A calibration procedure was developed using an Universal Testing Machine and fixtures that simulated a grain bulk surface. Then the equipment was placed in a storage bin under 4 different conditions and 4 different grain types. Data was collected and presented at workshops and meetings. Journal articles are in preparation.

    Publications

    • Type: Other Status: Accepted Year Published: 2014 Citation: Jones, C.L., E. Bonjour, T. Royer, D. Lalman, and J. Edwards. 2014. Storage and use of low test weight and sprouted wheat. Current Report BAE-1109. Oklahoma Cooperative Extension Service, Stillwater, Oklahoma.
    • Type: Other Status: Accepted Year Published: 2014 Citation: Jones, C.L., 2014. Automation in Grain Storage Facilities, MWPS-13 Grain Drying, Handling and Storage Handbook, Safety and Automation, Kansas State University Publishing.
    • Type: Other Status: Accepted Year Published: 2014 Citation: Jones, C.L., 2014. Safety Design for Grain Bins, MWPS-13 Grain Drying, Handling and Storage Handbook, Safety and Automation, Kansas State University Publishing.
    • Type: Other Status: Accepted Year Published: 2014 Citation: Jones, C.L., 2014. Preventing Grain Dust Explosions, BAE-1737. Oklahoma Cooperative Extension Service, Stillwater, Oklahoma.
    • Type: Other Status: Accepted Year Published: 2014 Citation: Jones, C.L., 2014. Grain Gin Entrapment. CR-1726. Oklahoma Cooperative Extension Service, Stillwater, Oklahoma.
    • Type: Other Status: Accepted Year Published: 2014 Citation: Jones, C.L. and P. Kenkel, 2014. Storing Moist Wheat at Commercial Elevators in Oklahoma. CR-1741. Oklahoma Cooperative Extension Service, Stillwater, Oklahoma.
    • Type: Other Status: Accepted Year Published: 2014 Citation: Jones, C.L. and G. Dilawari, 2014. Aeration Systems for Flat-Bottom Round Bins. BAE-1102. Oklahoma Cooperative Extension Service, Stillwater, Oklahoma.
    • Type: Other Status: Accepted Year Published: 2014 Citation: Jones, C.L. and G. Dilawari, 2014. Aeration Systems for Cone-Bottom Round Bins. BAE-1103. Oklahoma Cooperative Extension Service, Stillwater, Oklahoma.
    • Type: Other Status: Accepted Year Published: 2014 Citation: Jones, C.L., J. Hardin and E. Bonjour, 2014. Design of Closed-Loop Fumigation Systems for Grain Storage Structures. BAE-1111. Oklahoma Cooperative Extension Service, Stillwater, Oklahoma.
    • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2015 Citation: Sekhon, J., N. Maness, and C. Jones. 2015. Effect of preprocessing and compressed propane extraction on quality of cilantro (Coriandrum sativum L.). Food Chemistry 175: 322-328.
    • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2015 Citation: Ismayilzade, N, V. Samedov, B. Kard, and C. Jones. 2015. Sunflower seed damage and economic injury level of the European Sunflower Moth (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) in the Republic of Azerbaijan. Journal of Entomological Science 50(2): 138-146.
    • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2014 Citation: T. X. Xuan, D Liu, X Ye, J. Shi, K. Warriner, S. Xue, and C. Jones. 2014. Electrolyzed Water Generated Using a Circulating Reactor. International Journal of Food Engineering. 2014:aop.
    • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2014 Citation: Bajracharya, N., G. Opit, C. Jones, and J. Talley. 2014. Efficacies of spinosad and a combination of chlorpyrifos-methyl and deltamethrin against phosphine-resistant Rhysopertha dominica (Coleoptera: Bostrichidae) and Tribolium castaneum (Coleoptera: Tenebrianidae) on wheat. Journal of Economic Entomology 106(5):2208-15.
    • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2015 Citation: Bonjour, E., C. Jones, and R. Beeby. 2015. Keys to improving phosphine fumigations in stored grain facilities. Paper no. 91527. Southwestern Regional Meeting for Entomological Society of America, February 23-26, 2015. Tulsa, OK.
    • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2015 Citation: Bonjour, E., C. Jones and R. Beeby. 2015. A closed loop system improves phosphine fumigation in stored grain facilities. Entomological Society of America. Entomology 2015 Conference, November 15-18, 2015. Minneapolis, MN.
    • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2015 Citation: Moore, K and C. Jones. 2015. Impact of a polyethylene liner on the storage of canola in unaerated steel bins  Year 1 results. ASABE Annual International Meeting Paper No. 152189116, New Orlean, LA. July 29, 2015.
    • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2015 Citation: SunUp, Oklahoma State University Television, Canola Storage, January 17, 2015
    • Type: Books Status: Published Year Published: 2014 Citation: Kamath, M., R. Ingalls, C. Jones, G. Shen, and P. Pulat. A Decision Support System for Transportation Infrastructure and Supply Chain System Planning. Oklahoma Transportation Center. OTCREOS7.1-25-F.
    • Type: Book Chapters Status: Published Year Published: 2014 Citation: MWPS-13 Grain Drying, Handling and Storage Handbook, Safety and Automation (2 chapters), Kansas State University Publishing.