Progress 09/01/14 to 08/31/16
Outputs
Target Audience:The main targeted audience for this research and extension work was traditional producers as well as women and minority producers in the Southern Great Plains. These were the constituents targeted for field days, clinics, workshops, and research and extension showcases to demonstrate the best practices to build acres in the region. For much of the extension information produced throughout the course of this work we targeted extension educators in our region so that they could effectively disseminate the information to a larger number of constituents. We will also target crop insurance adjustors so that best practices can be used informatively to increase the number of insured acres of canola in our region. We wanted to reach and train more Certified Crop Advisors (CCA's) on comprehensive canola production and management. In most cases, where canola acres have failed it is typically a result of poor soil fertility or untimely pest control. With rapidly expanding canola acres the importance of routine scouting of canola fields and the need to educate CCA's specifically for canola has become evident. Training CCA's and having them employed by producers is an additional extension outlet for research information to reach producers. Changes/Problems:PI Neely: Weather was a major problem in spring of 2015. Continuous record rainfall in the spring meant plots were inaccessible with harvest equipment and three of the locations were abandoned due to heavy lodging, sprout damage, or hail damage. PI Bell: During the 2014-2015 cropping season, it was noted that there was variable seeding depth and variable hypocotyl heights when canola was drilled on 10 inch rows. To improve uniformity, plots were planted on 30 inch rows in 2015-2016 rather than on 10 inch rows. As a result of the greater row spacing, plot size increased from 5 feet to 10 feet wide. Consequently, there was not sufficient room on the research block for 3 planting dates with 15 varieties and three replications. There was not a third planting date for the 2015-2016 plots. What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?PI Neely:Undergraduate students were involved in collecting data on these trials and doing plot research. This project gave them hand-on experience with canola and introduced them to the concept of applied agronomic research. PI Bell: This project provided the opportunity to train employees in canola production as well as provide regional data and producer education regarding the opportunity for canola production on the Southern High Plains.As a result of winterkill, a planned plot tour was canceled. However, plots provided a learning opportunity for AgriLife Research and Extension staff with regards to agronomic management. PI Arnall: My project includes many graduate students, undergrads and a post doc. None of these individuals have had previous experience with canola. On this project they all participate. PI Damicone:Ms. Claudia Diaz, MS in Entomology and Plant Pathology 2016, completed her MS degree in program in entomology and plant pathology working on the genetic interactions of the blackleg fungus and winter canola germplasm. Her graduate research assistantship was partially funded by this project. She made several presentations at professional conferences and a manuscript from her research is in preparation for submission to a refereed journal. PI Post: Objectives 2. A. and 3. D. of this project provided training opportunities for 3 masters students, 2 doctoral students, and 2 undergraduate students under the direction of Dr. Angela Post (it should be known that Dr. Post was the oringal lead for the grant. When the lead shifted to Dr. Arnall, Dr. Post was reomoved (Not by OSU) as a participant. The following students took part in field and laboratory evaluations and collection of data: Katie E. McCauley, Erin Jenkins, Lacey Roberts, Holden Bell, Eric Duell, Patrick Curl, and Jesse Belvin. Three of these students presented aspects of this work at regional and national annual meetings and Jesse Belvin received an undergraduate research grant to expand upon work we started under this project. This project has also allowed project directors and co-PIs to be more involved with our state and regional commodity boards, Oklahoma Oilseed Commission & Great Plains Canola Association, as well as the US Canola Association. It has also allowed us as a group to be a part of their efforts to educate our representatives to maintain funding for this program. PIs Josh Lofton (Dr. Lofton took over many of the field responsiblities that Dr. Post had prior to leaving OSU. Dr. Lofton arrived at OSU, after the grant was awarded and therefore was not able to be added to the PI list, even thougth it was attempted) and Angela Post participated in US Canola Board meetings in 2015 as a part of this project and attended the research meeting portion of the US Canola Board meeting in February as required for annual reporting on this project. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?PI Neely: A total of 186 people attended 5 field days in which canola was showcased and producers were informed of best management practices for the crop. An extension publication titled "Texas Canola Variety Trial Results" was developed using variety trial data from around the state. This publication was posted to our website at http://varietytesting.tamu.edu/oilseed (12,985 site visits in 2015) and hard copies will be handed out at field days this coming spring. PI Post: Results of this project have been disseminated to communities of interest including growers, commodity boards, and industry stakeholders. 2015 Wheat allelopathy to canola, Tri-State Canola Field Tour (41), Miami, OK PI Damincone: Results were presented to growers and crop advisory at 2015 Canola U (300 attendees) and at 9 field tours in 2015 attended by over 100 growers. Results were also published in the 2015 'Partners in Progress" trial report bulletin received by about 250 attendees of the 2016 Canola U Conference. PI Arnall: Results were present at 12 field days, demonstrations, presentations, and or plot tours. Approximately a total 250 individuals were impacted. These presentation were made at local, regional,and state wide levels. PI Warren: Yes, the data has been presented at multi producer meetings at the county, region and state level. PI Bushong: Approximately 200 growers in attendance visited nine destinations during a four-day period, which paired OOC demonstration locations and Oklahoma official variety locations. Each program lasted approximately 90 minutes at each destination. Several production topics were emphasized during these meetings, which included fertility, no-till production, pest management, cultivar characteristics, harvesting options and marketing. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?
Nothing Reported
Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals?
Objective 1: Germplasm: Three canola variety trials were successfully harvested. First year of the plant growth regulator (PGR) x planting date study in College Station was successfully implemented and harvested.Differences were not detected among PGR treatments, but data indicated an ideal planting window for winter canola from early October through early November in Southeast Texas. Yield data was generated to identify adapted winter canola varieties for Texas climates (Objective 1). When averaged across all three locations Hornet, Inspiration, and Edimax CL varieties yielded the highest of the 20 varieties tested at all three locations. In support of objectives 1 and 2, canola was planted at the Texas A&M AgriLife Research facility at Bushland, Texas (Bush Farm) and at Dumas, Texas on a producer's field. At Bushland, eleven varieties (Wichita, Chrome, DKW44-10, DKW46-15, Edimax, Safran, Star, P46W94, 915W, Hyclass 115W and Hyclass 125W) were planted on three dates (September 5, September 15 and October 15, 2014) on a fallow drip irrigated fields. At Dumas, the same eleven varieties were planted on October 15, 2015 under center pivot irrigation immediately behind harvested corn. Planting dates were planned to evaluate winter survivability for different hybrids under differing management strategies. Following a severe freeze (-2F) on November 17, 2014, all plots were lost to winter-kill. Objective 2: Crop Management The development of an Nitrogen Fertilization Optimization Algorithm (NFOA) will allow for accurate top-dress nitrogen rate recommendations to provide an alternative to applying all nitrogen pre-plant and ultimately reducing the risk of applying too much or too little nitrogen.Winter canola grain yield was highly correlated with NDVI within all YP0 models. A correlation between the response index at harvest and the response index of NDVI was not a 1:1 relationship so therefore to properly estimate the responsiveness to added nitrogen an adjusted RI equation was used. The yield model and an adjusted response index equation presented represent one year of data collection. The data shows canola yield can be accurately predicted using NDVI and the GreenSeeker sensor. It also shows the ability to predict an accurate mid-season nitrogen rate for winter canola grown in Oklahoma. As previously discussed, the amount of N needed at the South Central Research Station near Chickasha and Lake Carl Blackwell Research Station were vastly different with no nitrogen needed at CHK to 89.6 kilograms nitrogen ha-1 needed at LCB. As a result of the project a Drying Strategy: for drying high moisture canola in drying trailers was developed that drying location managers can use as a guideline for drying canola. Narrower row produced higher percent coverage. Within row width resulted in higher cover of ground with residue was maintained. An added a coulter before the planter did not improve early season growth but did even stands. Strip tillage resulted in similar stands as conventional tillage and similar early growth as no tillage. Tillage did not greatly influence height to crown. No tillage had more variability in stand than compared to conventional. Higher crown height with wider spacing is potential due to intrarow competition compared to interrow with more narrow. Objecive 3: Pest Management: 3.1. Canola cultivars from the NWCVT, breeding lines from the winter canola breeding program at Kansas State University, and cultivars and entries from private seed companies will be screened in the field for stem canker resistance. The National Winter Canola Variety Trial (NWCVT), which had 55 entries in 2014-2015, was planted in a replicated trial and inoculated with the black leg fungus. Black leg cankers developed on basal areas of most stems near the soil line and reached severe levels compared to previous trials by harvest. Winter decline syndrome, characterized by swollen and hollowed basal stems at the soil line and internal brown discoloration, occurred frequently. Yields were generally higher than expected given the dry winter and frequent rains during May and June which delayed plot combining. Plot yields were correlated with winter survival (r=0.48, P<0.01) but not with black leg or winter decline syndrome ratings. Breeding lines (111 entries) from Kansas State University were evaluated in a single plot observation trial that was otherwise similar to NWCVT evaluation. There were 18 entries that had lower black leg severity ratings than the reference entries (Wichita, Sumner, Safran, Chrome). Eight of those entries had yields greater than 3,000 lb/A which indicates that progress for improved black leg resistance and regionally adapted variety development is possible. 3.2. Entries tested in the field for adult plant resistance to stem canker will also be screened against prevalent races of L. maculans collected in Oklahoma for seedling resistance to leaf spot using the cotyledon assay. Four races (Av 1,2,3,6,4-7; Av 1,6,4-7; Av 2,3,6,4-7; Av 6,4-7) were identified in the population. Races Av 6,4-7 (56%) and Av 1,6,4-7 (35%) were the most predominant in Oklahoma and were further characterized for AvrLm4, AvrLm5 and AvrLm6 based on phenotype interaction on differential cultivars harboring Rlm4 and Rlm5,6. Understanding the avirulence frequency and race structure in the pathogen population will be useful for the identification and development of resistant cultivars and hybrids to control black leg disease in Southern Great Plains. Objecive 4: Grain Storage: During the 2013-2014 time period we worked with a commercial elevator to understand some of the challenges associated with the storage of winter canola in Oklahoma. One major issue is the potential overlap with wheat harvest. If the canola harvest is delayed due to weather it becomes difficult for elevators to manage as they switch their focus to the wheat harvest. Related to this, we learned that canola is often stored in secondary storage bins that may not be equipped with aeration. The work during 2013/2014 was quite valuable and confirmed the need for a more controlled study of canola storage. Starting in 2014/2015 we will compare the storage of different canola varieties in an environmental chamber to determine if there is a significant difference in storage quality between varieties under the same temperature and humidity conditions. Extension: In addition to the information provided by these variety trials, the trials can also serve as a valuable educational tool for growers and managers in the state. The demonstration plots are an excellent way to interact with the local producers and to educate them about various aspects of canola production, as these will serve as locations for the spring field tours. As with previous years, the main highlight of these demonstration plots was showcasing them during the field tours conducted throughout April. Approximately 200 growers in attendance visited nine destinations during a four-day period, which paired OOC demonstration locations and Oklahoma official variety locations. Each program lasted approximately 90 minutes at each destination. Several production topics were emphasized during these meetings, which included fertility, no-till production, pest management, cultivar characteristics, harvesting options and marketing. Due to the short nature of this grant no other metric were measured.
Publications
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Under Review
Year Published:
2017
Citation:
Abit, J., A. Sutradhar, J. Lofton, and D.B. Arnall. Tissue Nutrient Concentrations of Canola as Affected by Temporal Variability. submitted to Journal of Crop, Forage, and Turf-grass Management.
- Type:
Other
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2015
Citation:
Neely, C.B., D. Hathcoat, P. DeLaune, M. Stamm, S. Dooley, R. Collett, M. Jungman, J. McGinty, S. McLellan, M. Donalson, and A. Abrameit. August 2015. Texas Canola Variety Trial Results. SCS-2015-08.)
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Other
Year Published:
2015
Citation:
Warren, J. and B. Jones. 2015. Impact of Canola Management on Soil Health. Presented at the Canola Collage on 19 Feb. in Enid, OK. NIFA support was acknowledged
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2015
Citation:
Diaz, C.I. and Damicone, J. 2015. Screening winter canola for seedling resistance to black leg. Phytopathology 105 (Suppl. 2):S2.3.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2015
Citation:
Damicone, J., Diaz, C., Pierson, T., and Stamm, M. 2015. Screening for resistance to black leg in winter canola germplasm adapted to the U.S. Southern Great Plains. 14th International Rapeseed Congress Abstracts: 87 (online publication - https://event-wizard.com/files/clients/RKYES4VI/IRC2015_ ABSTRACTS_July2015-web.pdf).
- Type:
Theses/Dissertations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2015
Citation:
Ms. Claudia Diaz, M.S. 2015 - Plant Pathology - Oklahoma State University
Thesis title: Analysis of the Leptosphaeria maculans race structure and identification of
major-gene resistance to black leg in winter canola. 87 pp.
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2015
Citation:
Damicone, J.P., and T.J. Pierson. 2015. Evaluation of fungicides and application timing on control of black leg of winter canola, 2014. Plant Disease Management Reports 9:FC022. Online publication doi:10.1094/PDMR09.
- Type:
Other
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2015
Citation:
J. Jofton, J. Bushong, and W. Vaughn. 2014-2015 Winter Canola Performance Trials. Oklahoma Cooperative Extension Service Current Report CR-2144
- Type:
Other
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2015
Citation:
OilSeed Research at OSU 2015. Oklahoma Cooperative Extension Service Partners in Progress Report P-1046
- Type:
Other
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2015
Citation:
Damicone, J., J. Dominiak-Olson, J. Lofton, and J. Bushong. 2015. Black leg of canola. OSU Extension Facts Sheet EPP-7671.
- Type:
Other
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2016
Citation:
Damicone, J., Pierson, T., Stamm, M. Vaughan, W. Bushong, J., and Lofton, J. 2016. 2014-2015 Reaction of the National winter canola variety trial to blackleg and winter decline syndrome. Pages 15-17 in: Partners in Progress Oilseed Research at OSU 2015. P-1046.
- Type:
Other
Status:
Other
Year Published:
2016
Citation:
Damicone, J., Pierson, T., Stamm, M. Vaughan, W. Bushong, J., and Lofton, J. 2016. 2014-2015 Fungicide performance trials for control of canola blackleg. Pages 18-22 in: Partners in Progress Oilseed Research at OSU 2015. P-1046.
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