Progress 09/01/14 to 08/31/18
Outputs
Target Audience:
Nothing Reported
Changes/Problems:
Nothing Reported
What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?
Nothing Reported
How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?Scientific community has access to results of a thesis partially funded by this project and a munuscript. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?
Nothing Reported
Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals?
(1) Published a manuscript and starting another based on bluegill of representing a larger size class. (2) Manuscript being developed. Samples further analyzed. (3) Manuscript being developed. (4) Manuscript being developed.
Publications
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2018
Citation:
Zhang, Y., Dudenhoeffer, G.A., Omara?Alwala, T.R., Edwards, T. and Wetzel, J.E., 2018. Growth Response of Juvenile Bluegills when Fed at Different Frequency and Delivery Methods. North American Journal of Aquaculture, 80(3), pp.315-321.
- Type:
Theses/Dissertations
Status:
Accepted
Year Published:
2017
Citation:
GIRI, N. 2017. THE EFFECT OF DIETARY CARBOHYDRATE SOURCES AND LEVELS ON GROWTH IN JUVENILE BLUEGILL (Lepomis macrochirus). Master Thesis. Lincoln University. 56 p.
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Progress 09/01/16 to 08/31/17
Outputs
Target Audience:The current research was introduced to the aquaculture producer, aquaculture researchers and students majoring in agriculture. Changes/Problems:Major changes are the following: • The project was extended for one more year at no expense, which will allow time for tissue and data analysis and to submit manuscripts What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?The following training opportunities were provided for graduate and undergraduate students: • Fish husbandry, • RAS system management, • Experimental protocol, • Data analysis • Literature research • Scientific manuscript and presentation preparation How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?The results have been disseminated through the following means: • Annual Meeting of Missouri Aquaculture Association, January, 2017, Jefferson City, MO, 65102 What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?The plans for the next reporting period are as follows: Sample Biochemical Analysis: Fish tissue, experimental feeds, and feces will be analyzed for proximate analysis, amino acid analysis and chromic acid analysis. Data Calculations and Analysis: Dietary lysine and other nine indispensable amino acids requirements of 1 g bluegill will be determined. Submit two manuscripts entitled "Growth Response of Juvenile Bluegill (Lepomis macrochirus) When Fed at Different Frequency and Delivery Methods" and "Amino Acids Profiles in the Tissues of Juvenile Bluegill (Lepomis macrochirus) and Fatty Acids Profile of Bluegill Eggs" to peer review journals
Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals?
Objective 1 was completed. The study indicated that the juvenile bluegill fed four-times a day with feedings dispersed had the best growth. Objective 2 was completed. The amino acids profiles of the whole body, muscle tissues and bluegill eggs were analyzed. The results showed that 1) wild fish muscle tissues had significantly higher level of crude protein but the lower crude lipid level compared to the wild fish whole body, eggs, farmed raised muscle and whole body tissue; 2) The level of nine out of ten IDAAs in egg tissue were significantly different from that in other tissues; 3) The levels of Threonin, Isoleucine, (Phenolalanine + Tyrosine), Histodine and Argininewere significantly different among the examined tissues. Objective 3 was completed. Specifically, a preliminary study was completed to estimate the minimum level of dietary fish meal required to maintain juvenile bluegill (1 g body weight) acceptable growth when fed experimental diets containing crystalline free amino acids. Casein and gelatin were also included in the diet as purified protein sources. The results suggested that a minimum of 10% dietary fish meal was necessary to maintain juvenile bluegill normal growth. Seven experimental diets were made using menhaden fish meal and crystalline free amino acids as nitrogen sources. Diets including a positive and negative control diet, as well as five diets with indispensable amino acid profiles matching those found in the tissues of wild and raised bluegill as well as their mature eggs. Dietary nitrogen level was 7.2% except for negative control with 3.6% and dietary crude lipid was 12% for all seven diets. After ten weeks of feeding, juvenile bluegill fed the diet with raised-bluegill whole body amino acids profile showed satisfactory growth. Objective 4 is under investigation with feeding trial completed and tissues biochemical analysis and data statistical analysis underway. A fourteen-week feeding trial was completed. Six experimental diets included a basal diet and five diets containing 0.6, 1.2, 1.8, 2.4 and 3.0% additional synthetic free lysine based on the basal diet. Dietary nitrogen level was 6.75% for all the diets. Indispensable amino acid profiles of the experimental diets, with exception of the adjusted lysine, were similar to the whole body indispensable amino acids profile of farm-raised bluegill (1 g body weight). After 14 weeks of feeding, juvenile bluegill survival rate ranged from 97.1% to 99.3% with no significant difference detected among the dietary treatments. Fish fed the basal diet had the lowest final body weight, body weight gain, percentage body weight gain, specific growth rate (SGR) and the worst feed conversion rate (FCR) among all lysine dietary treatments. No significant difference in final body weight, body weight gain, percentage body weight gain, SGR and FCR were detected among the experimental group fed lysine-added diets group. Fish fed basal diet had the highest HSI, but lowest VSI among all the dietary treatments. Preliminary calculations suggest that the required lysine level of 1 g bluegill is about 2.0% above the basal diet amount. However laboratory analysis of nutrient profile for estimating nutrient retention is still being conducted to confirm this.
Publications
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Progress 09/01/15 to 08/31/16
Outputs
Target Audience:The current research was introduced to the aquaculture farmers from Missouri at the Missouri Aquaculture Association annual meeting; The research data were presented to the students and researchers from Lincoln Univesity and from Missouri at two symposia. Changes/Problems:Major changes are the following: Amino acids analysis will be outsourced due to equipment related problems Disease issue in fish caused a slight delay in the best fit experiment What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided? The following training opportunities were provided for graduate and undergraduatestudents: Fish husbandry, RAS system management, Experimental protocol, Data analysis Literature research Scientific manuscript and presentation preparation How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?The results have been disseminated through the following means: Annual Meeting of Missouri Aquaculture Association, January, 2016, Jefferson City, MO, 65102 Annual Missouri of Academy of Science meeting, April 22-23, 2016,Jefferson City, MO, 65102 What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?The plans for the next reporting period are as follows: Determination of the best-fit amino acid profiles to support bluegill optimal growth Determination of the requirement of Lys and other nine IDAAs requirement for juvenile bluegill
Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals?
Objective 1 was completed. The study indicated that the juvenile bluegill fed four-times a day had the best growth. Objective 2 was completed. The amino acids profiles of the whole body, muscle tissues and bluegill eggs were analyzed. The results showed that 1) wild fish muscle tissues had significantly higher level of crude protein but the lower crude lipid level compared to the wild fish whole body, eggs, farmed raised muscle and whole body tissue; 2) The level of nine out of ten IDAAs in egg tissue were significantly different from that in other tissues; 3) The level of Thr, Ile, (Phe+Tyr), His and Arg was significantly different among the examined tissues. Objective 3 is under investigation. Specifically, One preliminary study to examine the minimum level of fish meal can be used in experimental diet when casein, gelatin and crystalline free amino acids were the major nitrogen source. The results indicated that 0% or 4% fish meal diet could not support fish normal growth. Seven experimental diets were made, including one positive control diet, one negative control diets and five diets with different indispensable amino acid profiles. The feeding trial to determine the best-fit amino acids profile supporting fish best growth wasinitiated on Aug. 29, 2016.
Publications
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2016
Citation:
Zhang, Y.F , Dudenhoeffer, G.A., Giri, N., Wetzel, J. and, Omara-Alwala, T.R. 2016. Department of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, Lincoln University of Missouri, Jefferson city, MO, 65102 Amino Acid Profiles in the Tissues of Juvenile Bluegill (Lepomis Macrochirus) from the Wild and Commercially-fed Fish
Missouri Academy of Science 2016
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Progress 09/01/14 to 08/31/15
Outputs
Target Audience:The current research was introduced to the aquaculture farmers from Missouri at the Missouri Aquaculture Association annual meeting; The research data were presented to the students and researchers fromLincoln Univesity and from Missouri at two symposia. Changes/Problems:Major changes are the following: Amino acids analysis will be outsourced due to equipment related problems. What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?The following training opportunities were provided for students: fish husbandry, RAS system management, experimental protocol, data analysis, literature research, scientific manuscript preparation and presentation. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?The results have been disseminated through the following means: Annual meeting of the Missouri Aquaculture Association , January 23-24, 2015, Jefferson City, MO Annual Lincoln University Research Symposium, April. 2015, Jefferson City, MO. Annual Missouri of Academy of Sciencemeeting, April 21-22, 2015, Saint Joseph, MO What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?The plans for the next reporting period are as follows: Determination of the amino acid profiles Comparison of bluegill amino acid profiles with those of the other omnivorous and carnivorous fish Determination of the best-fit amino acid profiles
Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals?
Objective 1 was completed. The study indicated that the juvenile bluegill fed four-times a day had the best growth. Objective 2 is in progress. The whole- body and muscle tissues were collected.
Publications
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Accepted
Year Published:
2015
Citation:
Allen, A.S., Dudenhoeffer, G.A., and Zhang, Y.F, Omara-Alwala, T.R. 2015. Department of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, Lincoln University, Jefferson City, Missouri, 65101. FEEDING TECHNIQUES FOR NORTHERN JUVENILE BLUEGILL. Missouri Academy of Science.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Accepted
Year Published:
2015
Citation:
Allen, A.S., Dudenhoeffer, G.A., and Zhang, Y.F, Omara-Alwala, T.R. 2015. Department of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, Lincoln University, Jefferson City, Missouri, 65101. FEEDING TECHNIQUES FOR NORTHERN JUVENILE BLUEGILL. Missouri Academy of Science.
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