Source: KANSAS STATE UNIV submitted to NRP
SYSTEMS FOR WEED MANAGEMENT FOR SOUTHWEST KANSAS
Sponsoring Institution
National Institute of Food and Agriculture
Project Status
COMPLETE
Funding Source
Reporting Frequency
Annual
Accession No.
1004079
Grant No.
(N/A)
Cumulative Award Amt.
(N/A)
Proposal No.
(N/A)
Multistate No.
(N/A)
Project Start Date
Oct 1, 2014
Project End Date
Sep 30, 2019
Grant Year
(N/A)
Program Code
[(N/A)]- (N/A)
Recipient Organization
KANSAS STATE UNIV
(N/A)
MANHATTAN,KS 66506
Performing Department
KSU SW Agriculture Research Center
Non Technical Summary
Weeds can frequently cause up to a 20% loss in value of the over 4 billion dollar grain crop in Kansas.These losses if not minimized would have a ripple effect in the economy.Much of this grain is a significant part of the United States grain exports to the world.Further, the food United States Exports helps stabilizes the world's food supply which may reduce global conflict.This project over the last 23 years has used tried and true scientific methods to measure with statistical accuracy the changes in weed populations and develop ecologically sound and financial profitable methods to execute this control. This project then communicates these results to thegrain producers and change agents such as crop consultants and the popular press of south western Kansas.These results are also shared on a national basis with other weed scientist across the nation thru formal publication and yearly presentations at professional meetings to other weed researchers. The ultimate goal of this project is to help grain producers to control weeds with the most economical and ecologically sound weed control strategies.
Animal Health Component
100%
Research Effort Categories
Basic
(N/A)
Applied
100%
Developmental
(N/A)
Classification

Knowledge Area (KA)Subject of Investigation (SOI)Field of Science (FOS)Percent
2051510114035%
2051520114025%
2051540114015%
2135220114025%
Goals / Objectives
1. Evaluate tank mix combinations of registered and experimental herbicides in replicated field experiments for weed control, crop tolerance, and environmental safety in arable lands of southwestern Kansas.2. Develop weed control tactics which integrate cultural, mechanical, and chemical methods of weed control for southwestern Kansas cropping systems.3. Study the biological, physiological (whole-plant), genetic, and ecological characteristics of some major crop and weed species of southwestern Kansas.
Project Methods
Standard replicated field trials using widely excepted statistical methods will be used.Dose response curves will be developed using regression models to determine the most effective level of weed control with the least herbicide.Randomized complete block trials will compare standard treatments to experimental treatments to measure there potential utility in a future market place.

Progress 10/01/14 to 09/30/19

Outputs
Target Audience:Public and private crop consultants, crop protection research and development organizations, commercial pesticide applicators, individual growers, and scientific peers. Changes/Problems: Nothing Reported What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?Results were presented to national peers at meetings of the Weed Science Society of America, the North Central Weed Science Society, and the Western Society of Weed Science. Also, five noxious weed short courses were conducted to train county weed control personnel. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?This project produced a series of 5 field days at the Southwest Research-Extension Center, Garden City, KS. Each year these events were attended by over 160 farmers, crop consultants, and corporate and commercial pesticide applicators. Results were presented from several field studies that included over 100 herbicide tank mixes, including standard herbicides and soon-to be labeled new compounds. These reports were digitally accessed 4,594 times during the life of the project. Fellow researchers then cited our reports 878 times in their own publications. Commercial pesticide applicator training sessions were conducted every year during the life of this project. These sessions were approved by the Kansas Department of Agriculture were conducted to help fulfill commercial licensing requirements. Presentations were also conducted at national conferences to academic peers. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals? Nothing Reported

Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals? Efficacy of weed control strategies can vary greatly from region to region, and through time, as technology changes and weeds adapt to these changes. However, unlike most other pests, it is extremely rare that crop loss from weeds is avoided without weed control strategies. The purpose of this project is to develop weed control strategies to protect the multi-billion dollar agriculture industry of southwestern Kansas. Objective 1. Evaluate registered and experimental herbicides to help develop safe and reliable federal herbicide labels and local use recommendations. The herbicides terbuthylazine, indaziflam, isoxadifen and iodosulfuron were studied for the first time in this region. Unique combinations of emerging new herbicides as well as combinations with older off-patent herbicides were evaluated. More than 600 herbicides tank-mixes were compared in 45 field trials. In many cases, we were able to recommend lower herbicide rates that reduced environmental impacts and application costs. These studies helped to determine the minimal amount of these products that could be applied to optimize weed control and maximize crop yield. Reports were prepared and published in Research Progress Reports of the Western Society of Weed Science. It is also vitally important that research on the efficacy of herbicides be presented to the ultimate users of this information, the American farmer. Therefore, the results of these same field trials were also prepared and published in a style and format accessible to the general public. Results were presented in 90 articles in traditional print media, distributed at 5 field days to producers, and posted on the internet. Objective 2. Integrate cultural, mechanical and chemical methods of weed control. Physical mapping of ESPS gene copies in glyphosate-resistant Italian ryegrass provided insights on how to rotate herbicides to control this pest as well as a research model to evaluate future resistance problems. It was shown that genes for resistance to dicamba are not linked to genes with glyphosate resistance. Armed with this knowledge, further studies showed a synergistic response of these two compounds for Palmer amaranth control. Soils with a 5-year history of atrazine use from across the United States were found to have evolved microbes that can digest the herbicide atrazine much more rapidly than non-treated soils. This indicates that atrazine is more environmentally friendly than had previously been assumed based on the environment's ability to degrade it. The troublesome weed kochia (Kochia scoparia) emerges over an extended period of time which has a dramatic influence on methods used to control it. Seed of kochia was collected and field studies were conducted across the western United States to determine the timing of emergence of the various populations of these regions. It was found that emergence patterns varied a great deal from region to region depending on cropping history. Kochia has a diverse genetic base for time of emergence. Time of herbicide application and other control measures is a potent selection pressure shifting the populations of these plants to a more diverse and difficult to control pattern of emergence. This information is useful in alerting weed control experts to develop more local recommendations for timing of control measures than is sometimes needed with other weed species. A ring chromosome, termed an extra circular chromosome, carrying several copies of a gene for resistance to the herbicide glyphosate was found in the weed common water hemp (Amaranthus tuberculous). If patterns from other organisms hold, this may be due to a break in a portion of an existing chromosome followed by repair producing a smaller variant chromosome. This explains why other researchers have found multiple copies of this gene as this extra circular chromosome responds to herbicide selection pressure. This is of great significance because it explains how populations of this weed respond quickly to selection pressure and develop resistance to glyphosate. On-going work suggests this may happen in other weed species.This should allow weed scientists to develop better methods of handling resistance at the farm level.

Publications

  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Cuvaca I., Currie R., Roozeboom,K., Fry J. Jugulam M. 2019 Increased Absorption and Translocation Contribute to Improved Efficacy of Dicamba to Control Early Growth Stage Palmer amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri). Weed Sci (in press).
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Shyam,C.,Nakka,S. Puta,K.,Cuvaca,I.,Currie, R. S. , Jugulam,M. 2019. Genetic Basis of Multiple Herbicide Resistance in Palmer Amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri L.). Proceedings of Western Society of Weed Science Meeting Abstracts, Mar 1114, Denver , CO. 72: 110. Kumar,V. Liu R., Currie R. Jha P. and Lambert T. 2019.Characterization and Management of Multiple Herbicide-Resistant Kochia in Western Kansas.). Proceedings of Western Society of Weed Science Meeting Abstracts, Mar 1114, Denver , CO. 72: 113. Currie, R. S. and Geier P. W. 2019.Effects of a Wheat Cover Crop on Weed Control in Corn with Increasing Levels of Irrigation. Proceedings of Western Society of Weed Science Meeting Abstracts, Mar 1114, Denver , CO. 72: 153. Currie, R. S. and Geier, P. W. 2019.Impact of Increasing Levels of Irrigation on Weed Control and Corn Yield with and Without a Wheat Cover Crop. Proceedings of Weed Science Society of America. March 1114, New Orleans, LA. 59: 153.
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Currie, R. S. and Geier, P. W. (2019) "Application Timing Efficacy of Enlist Duo in Irrigated Corn," Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports: Vol. 5: Iss. 7. https://doi.org/10.4148/2378-5977.7819 Currie, R. S. and Geier, P. W. (2019) "Efficacy of Zest Application Timings in Irrigated Acetolactase Synthase-Resistant Grain Sorghum," Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports: Vol. 5: Iss. 7. https://doi.org/10.4148/2378-5977.7820 Currie, R. S. and Geier, P. W. (2019) "Zest Efficacy and Crop Response in Two Acetolactase Synthase-Tolerant Grain Sorghum Hybrids," Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports: Vol. 5: Iss. 7. https://doi.org/10.4148/2378-5977.7821 Currie, R. S. and Geier, P. W. (2019) "Comparisons of Terbuthylazine and Atrazine Rates and Tank Mixtures in Irrigated Corn," Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports: Vol. 5: Iss. 7. https://doi.org/10.4148/2378-5977.7822 Currie, R. S. and Geier, P. W. (2019) "Liberty Compared to Glyphosate Products in Irrigated Corn," Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports: Vol. 5: Iss. 7. https://doi.org/10.4148/2378-5977.7823 Currie, R. S. and Geier, P. W. (2019) "Anthem Maxx Tank Mixture Comparisons in Irrigated Corn," Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports: Vol. 5: Iss. 7. https://doi.org/10.4148/2378-5977.7824 Currie, R. S. and Geier, P. W. (2019) "Vida Alone and in Tank Mixtures for Kochia Control in Fallow," Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports: Vol. 5: Iss. 7. https://doi.org/10.4148/2378-5977.7825 Currie, R. S. and Geier, P. W. (2019) "Comparisons of Acuron, Surestart II, and Valor for Residual Weed Control in Grain Sorghum," Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports: Vol. 5: Iss. 7. https://doi.org/10.4148/2378-5977.7826 Currie, R. S. and Geier, P. W. (2019) "Comparison of Preemergence Herbicides for Residual Weed Control in Grain Sorghum," Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports: Vol. 5: Iss. 7. https://doi.org/10.4148/2378-5977.7827 Currie, R. S. and Geier, P. W. (2019) "Split Applications of Coyote and Lumax for Efficacy in Grain Sorghum," Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports: Vol. 5: Iss. 7. https://doi.org/10.4148/2378-5977.7828 Currie, R. S. and Geier, P. W. (2019) "Efficacy of Sequential Herbicide Applications in Glufosinate- and Glyphosate-Resistant Corn," Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports: Vol. 5: Iss. 7. https://doi.org/10.4148/2378-5977.7829
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Currie, R. and P. Geier. 2019. Glyphosate and glufosinate comparisons in irrigated corn. Research Progress Reports, Western Society of Weed Science. pp.33-36. Currie, R. and P. Geier. 2019. Terbuthylazine and atrazine rate comparisons in irrigated corn. Research Progress Reports, Western Society of Weed Science. pp.37-40. Currie, R. and P. Geier. 2019. Application timing efficacy of 2,4-D/glyphosate in irrigated corn. Research Progress Reports, Western Society of Weed Science. pp.41-43. Currie, R. and P. Geier. 2019. Pyroxasulfone/fluthiacet tank mixture comparisons in irrigated corn. Research Progress Reports, Western Society of Weed Science. pp.44-47. Currie, R. and P. Geier. 2019. Efficacy of sequential herbicide applications in glufosinate- and glyphosate-resistant corn. Research Progress Reports, Western Society of Weed Science. pp.48-49. Currie, R. and P. Geier. 2019. Pyraflufen alone and in tank mixtures for kochia control in fallow.Research Progress Reports, Western Society of Weed Science. pp.50-51 Currie, R. and P. Geier. 2019. Pre plant herbicides for residual weed control in grain sorghum. pp.59-60. Currie, R. and P. Geier. 2019. Efficacy of nicosulfuron application timings in irrigated acetolactase synthase-resistant grain sorghum. Research Progress Reports, Western Society of Weed Science. pp.61-63. Currie, R. and P. Geier. 2019. Split applications of mesotrione-based premixes for efficacy in grain sorghum. Research Progress Reports, Western Society of Weed Science. pp.64-65. Currie, R. and P. Geier. 2019. Preemergence herbicides for residual weed control in grain sorghum. Research Progress Reports, Western Society of Weed Science. pp.66-67. Currie, R. and P. Geier. 2019. Nicosulfuron efficacy and crop response in two acetolactase synthase-resistant grain sorghum hybrids. Research Progress Reports, Western Society of Weed Science. pp.68-71.


Progress 10/01/17 to 09/30/18

Outputs
Target Audience:Public and private crop consultants, crop protection research and development organizations, commercial pesticide applicators, individual growers, and scientific peers. Changes/Problems: Nothing Reported What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?This project has provided training and professional development of the all members of our team in the process of educating producers, crop consultants and other key members of the agricultural community. There was an abundance of one on one professional development of the undergraduate and graduate students who were involved in this project. Many members of our team took part in national, regional or international professional meetings that foster academic exchanges that educated all parties involved. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?Over the life time of this project yearly field days have brought together researchers of many disciplines, farmers, students, crop consultants, and governmental regulators. In addition to the educational presentations, the interchange of questions after each presentation as well as private discussion fostered by the information was critical. Bringing a critical mass of people of diverse social, educational and professional experience to gather in one physical location provides a synergy for learning. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?1. Evaluate tank mix combinations of registered and experimental herbicides in replicated field experiments for weed control, crop tolerance, and environmental safety in arable lands of southwestern Kansas. To achieve this goal replicated field trials will be conducted comparing registered and experimental herbicides. These studies will be statistically analyzed and published in Western society of weed science reports of progress. Further farmer friendly reports on this data will also be written and distributed thru Kansas State's Prairie press system. 2. Develop weed control tactics which integrate cultural, mechanical, and chemical methods of weed control for southwestern Kansas cropping systems. To achieve this goal the final year of Cuvaca PhD program will explore the interaction of sorghum plant populations and Palmer amaranth control. Formal publication of this work in the journal Weed science will follow. 3. Study the biological, physiological (whole-plant), genetic, and ecological characteristics of some major crop and weed species of southwestern Kansas. To achieve this goal this project in collaboration with Mithila Juglam will explore the uptake and translocation of fluroxypyr in Fluroxypyr resistant Kochia. This should lead to presentation of this work at the North central weed science Society meeting as well as possible formal publication in the Journal Weed Science.

Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals? 1. Tank mix combinations of registered and experimental herbicides in replicated field experiments for weed control, crop tolerance, and environmental safety in arable lands of southwestern Kansas were conducted. Over the 5 years of this project over 30 experiments were conducted evaluating over 100 combinations of experimental and registered herbicides. Further these studies often super imposed various agronomic practices as well as diverse weather and regional factors that allowed broader inference to the work. 2. Weed control tactics which integrated cultural, mechanical, and chemical methods of weed control for southwestern Kansas cropping systems were conducted. The effects of soilmicrobes on herbicide breakdownand the resulting impact on weed control and environmental safety were determined. The timing of emergence of problem weeds was elucidated to allow proper timing of herbicide application. These studies lead to further field trials with dozens of herbicide combinations applied at different timings to enhance control. This is a semi-arid region and irrigation is key to peak production. Several studies were conducted to show the impact of cover crop use on water use efficiency and weed control. Reducing the amount of light striking the ground enhances efficient use of irrigation water and improves weed control. Several studies on irrigation were further incorporated into a global policy paper on water use. An example is one of our studies measuring the impacts of water use and forage quality and its impacts on weed control and forage quality. 3. The biological, physiological (whole-plant), genetic, and ecological characteristics of some major crop and weed species of southwestern Kansas were also studied. The biology of kochia establishment was measured to allowbetter timing of herbicide application with the benefits described above on improved weed control. Kochia resistance to the herbicide fluroxypyr and dicamba was proven for the first time in Kansas. The impacts of this resistancewere integrated into improved strategies for control of this weed. Further, in genetic studies it was shown that kochia genes for glyphosate and dicamba are not linked. This is critical information to allow formulation of herbicide tank mixes to control the spread of this threat. Over the 5 year life of this project we have measured 4 biochemical methods by which the weed kochia has developed resistance to 4 major herbicide groups. This information has also been incorporated into improved control measures.

Publications

  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: Kumar V., R. P. Engel, R. Currie, P. Jha, P. Stahlman, C. Thompson. 2019. Dicamba-Resistant Kochia (Bassia scoparia) in Kansas: Characterization and Management with Fall- or Spring-Applied Preemergence Herbicides. Weed Technology (Accepted on November 12, 2018). Kumar V., R. Currie, P. Jha, P. Stahlman. 2019. First Report of Kochia (Bassia scoparia) with Cross-Resistance to Dicamba and Fluroxypyr in Western Kansas. Weed Technology, 1-7. doi:10.1017/wet.2018.113 Ou J, Fritz AK, Stahlman PW, Currie RS, Jugulam M. (2018) Glyphosate- and dicamba-resistant genes are not linked in kochia (Bassia scoparia). WeedSci. doi: 10.1017/wsc.2018.78 Araya, Gowda, P. H., Golden, B., Foster A. J., Aguilar, J., Currie, R., Ciampitti, I. A., Prasad, P. V. V., 2019. Economic value and water productivity of major irrigated crops in the Ogallala aquifer region. Agricultural Water Management. 214:55-63. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2018.11.015
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: Currie, R.S., P. Geier, S. Zukoff and A. Zukoff. 2018. Weed control in corn with increasing levels of Irrigation with and without a Wheat cover crop. Proc. North Central Weed Sci. Soc. (in press). Cuvaca, I.B., R. S. Currie and M. Jugulam.2018. Influence of plant growth stage on dicamba efficacy to control Palmer Amaranth Proc. North Central Weed Sci. Soc. (in press). Shyam, C., S. Nakka,K. Putta, I.B. Cuvaca , R.S. Currie.2018. Inheritance of multiple herbicide resistance in Palmer Amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri). Proc. North Central Weed Sci. Soc. (in press).
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: Currie, R. and P. Geier. 2018. Premix herbicides for split application efficacy in corn. Research Progress Reports, Western Society of Weed Science. pp.29-31. Currie, R. and P. Geier. 2018. Preemergence and early postemergence weed control in irrigated corn . Research Progress Reports, Western Society of Weed Science. pp.32-33. Currie, R. and P. Geier. 2018. Dicamba/tembotrione compared to standards for postemergence weed control in corn. Research Progress Reports, Western Society of Weed Science. pp.34-35. Currie, R. and P. Geier. 2018. Glufosinate rates and tank mix partners for weed control in corn. Research Progress Reports, Western Society of Weed Science. pp.36-38. Currie, R. and P. Geier. 2018. Application timing and tank mixture evaluation for efficacy in irrigated field corn. Research Progress Reports, Western Society of Weed Science. pp.39-43. Currie, R. and P. Geier. 2018. Dicamba-tolerant volunteer soybean control in irrigated field corn. Research Progress Reports, Western Society of Weed Science. pp.44-45. Currie, R. and P. Geier. 2018. Pyraflufen alone and in tank mixtures for spring kochia control in fallow. Research Progress Reports, Western Society of Weed Science. pp.46-47. Currie, R. and P. Geier. 2018. Pyraflufen alone and in tank mixtures for summer weed control in fallow. Research Progress Reports, Western Society of Weed Science. pp.48-49. Currie, R. and P. Geier. 2018. Efficacy of single and sequential herbicides in irrigated acetolactase synthase (ALS)-resistant grain sorghum. Research Progress Reports, Western Society of Weed Science. pp.56-57. Currie, R., P. Geier and W. Keeling. 2018. Novel preplant herbicides for efficacy and crop tolerance in grain sorghum. Research Progress Reports, Western Society of Weed Science. pp.58-59. Kumar V., P. W. Stahlman, R. Currie, R. Engel, G. Boyer. 2018. Variable Response of Kochia Populations to Dicamba and Fluroxypyr. Proceedings of Western Society of Weed Science Meeting Abstracts, Mar 1215, Garden Grove, CA. 71:43.


Progress 10/01/16 to 09/30/17

Outputs
Target Audience:Public and private crop consultants, crop protection research and development organizations, commercial pesticide applicators, individual growers, and scientific peers. Changes/Problems: Nothing Reported What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?Results of research were presented to national peers at the North Central Weed Science Society meeting. A statewide noxious weed short course to train county weed control personnel was conducted in March, 2017. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?We produced a series of field days at the Southwest Research-Extension Center, Garden City, KS. These events were attended by over 160 farmers, crop consultants, and corporate and commercial pesticide applicators. Results were presented from 5 field studies that included over 100 herbicide tank mixes, including standard herbicides and soon-to be labeled new compounds. These reports were digitally accessed 2,172 times last year which is a 164% increase from last year. The reports were cited in other publications 711 times which was a 154% increase from last year. Commercial pesticide applicator training sessions approved by the Kansas Department of Agriculture were conducted to help fulfill commercial licensing requirements. Presentations were also made at national conferences to academic peers. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals? Nothing Reported

Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals? Unlike most other pests, it is extremely rare that crop losses from weeds are avoided without weed control strategies. Efficacy of these strategies can vary greatly from region to region, and through time, as technology changes and weeds adapt to these changes. It is the purpose of this project to develop weed control strategies to protect the multi-billion dollar agriculture industry of southwestern Kansas. It often takes more than 10 years to produce safe and reliable federal herbicide labels. Therefore, although many studies with other compounds are promising, they will not be conclusive for a few more years. The first objective was to evaluate registered and experimental herbicides to help develop federal labels and local use recommendations. This first objective was realized in two areas: 1.The herbicide terbuthylazine, which has very small variations in chemical structure compared to atrazine, was found to produce very similar levels of weed control. Terbuthylazine was adopted by European markets after atrazine was banned. It's acceptance in Europe might be explained by the fact that it is nearly chemically the same as atrazine and it provides almost the same level of control, although at a higher price. 2. Twenty-four herbicides were compared in 13 field trials. Reports were prepared and published in Research Progress Reports of the Western Society of Weed Science. This was done within 4 months of completion of the work to allow other weed science researchers to use these results to craft further research in 2018.It is important that research on the efficacy of herbicide be presented to the ultimate users of this information, the American farmer. Therefore, the results of these same field trials were also prepared in a style and format accessible to the layman yet based on sound science. These reports were presented in traditional print media, distributed at field days to producers, and posted on the internet. These studies helped to determine the most minimal amount of these products that could be applied to optimize weed control and maximize crop yield. The second objective was to integrate cultural, mechanical and chemical methods of weed control.. Four publications achieved this objectives. 1. A ring chromosome, termed an extra circular chromosome, carrying several copies of a gene for resistanceto the herbicide glyphosate was found in the weed common water hemp (Amaranthus tuberculous). If patterns from other organisms hold, this may be due to a break in a portion of an existing chromosome followed by repair producing a smaller variant chromosome. This explains why other researchers have found multiple copies of this gene as this extra circular chromosome responds to herbicide selection pressure. This is of great significance because it explains how populations of this weed respond quickly to selection pressure and develop resistance to glyphosate. On-going work suggests this may happen in other species. This should allow weed scientists to develop better methods of handling resistance at the farm level. 2. Soils with a 5-year history of atrazine use from across the United States were found to have evolved microbes that can digest the herbicide atrazine much more rapidly than non-treated soils. This is important because it shows that atrazine is more environmentally friendly than had previously been assumed based on the environments ability to degrade it. 3. The troublesome weed kochia emerges over an extended period of time which has a dramatic influence on methods used to control it. Seed of kochia was collected and field studies were conducted across the western United States to determine the timing of emergence of the various populations of these regions. It was found that emergence patterns varied a great deal from region to region depending on cropping history. Kochia has a diverse genetic base for emergence time and responds to the selection pressure of time of application and to control measures. This information is useful in alerting weed control experts to develop more local recommendations for timing of control measures than is sometimes needed with other weed species.

Publications

  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2017 Citation: Koo D.H.,M. Jugulam ,K. Putta, I.B.Cuvaca, D.E. Peterson, R.S. Currie, B. Friebe and B.S. Gill . 2017. Gene duplication and aneuploidy trigger rapid evolution of herbicide resistance in crop plant weeds. Plant Physiology . https://doi.org/10.1104/pp.17.01668 Mueller T.C.,1, E.T.Parker, L. Steckel, S.A. Clay,M.D. Owen, W.S.Curran , R.S.Currie , R. Scott, C.Sprague ,D. Stephenson , D.K. Miller , E.P. Prostko, W.J.Grichar ,J. Martin, L.J. Kruz,K. Bradley, M.L. Bernards,P. Dotray,S. Knezevic , V. Davis ,R. Klein.2017. Enhanced atrazine degradation is widespread across the United States. Pest Manag Sci. 9:1953-1961. doi: 10.1002/ps.4566. Dille A., P. W. Stahlman, J. Du , P. W. Geier, J. D. Riffel ,R. S. Currie ,R. G. Wilson G. M. Sbatella,P. Westra A. R. Kniss ,M. J. Moechnig ,R. M. Cole.2017. Kochia (Kochia scoparia) Emergence Profiles and Seed Persistence across the Central Great Plains. Weed Sci. 65:614-625.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2017 Citation: Cuvaca,I.B., R.S. Currie and M. Jugulam.2017. Integration of Varying Plant Populations and Dicamba Rates for Palmer Amaranth Control in Irrigated Corn. Proc. North Central Weed Sci. Soc.72:20. Kumar,V., P. Jha, P. Stahlman, M. Jugulam, R. S. Currie, A. Dille, D. E. Peterson, C. R. Thompson, D. E. Shoup.2017. An Overview of Herbicide-Resistant Weeds in Kansas. Proc. North Central Weed Sci. Soc.72:34-35. Peterson ,D.E., P. Stahlman, C. R. Thompson, A. Dille, M. Jugulam, R. S. Currie, M. Barrett, J. Schroeder, L. Van Wychen.2017. 2017 EPA Tour of Western Kansas. Proc. North Central Weed Sci. Soc.72:35. Currie, R.S., and P. Geier.2017. Comparisons of the Weed Control of Atrazine or Terbuthylazine Alone and in Standard Atrazine Tank-Mixes in Irrigated Corn. Proc. North Central Weed Sci. Soc.72:89.
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2017 Citation: Currie, R. and P. Geier. 2017. Postemergence weed control with atrazine, tembotrione, thiencarbazone, and dicamba in corn resistant to glufosinate and glyphosate. Research Progress Reports, Western Society of Weed Science. pp.38-39. Currie, R. and P. Geier. 2017. Topramezone, dicamba, saflufenacil, and dimethenamid for sequential weed control in corn. Research Progress Reports, Western Society of Weed Science. pp.40-41. Currie, R. and P. Geier. 2017. Acetochlor, clopyralid, flumetsulam, and mesotrione application timings in corn. Research Progress Reports, Western Society of Weed Science. pp.42-44. Currie, R. and P. Geier. 2017. Efficacy of preplant and early postemergence herbicides in corn. Research Progress Reports, Western Society of Weed Science. pp.45-47. Currie, R. and P. Geier. 2017. Single and sequential applications of pyroxasulfone, fluthiacet, and mesotrione in corn. Research Progress Reports, Western Society of Weed Science. pp.48-50. Currie, R. and P. Geier. 2017. Dicamba, tembotrione, atrazine, and glyphosate for efficacy in corn. Research Progress Reports, Western Society of Weed Science. pp.51-53. Currie, R. and P. Geier. 2017. Rates of topramezone/dimethenamid for postemergence weed control in fallow. Research Progress Reports, Western Society of Weed Science. pp.59-60. Currie, R. and P. Geier. 2017. Dicamba, atrazine, saflufenacil, dimethenamid and topramezone application timings for weed control in fallow. Research Progress Reports, Western Society of Weed Science. pp.61-63.
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2017 Citation: Currie, R. and P. Geier. 2017. AGH15004 at three rates with several adjuvants for postemergence fallow weed control. Research Progress Reports, Western Society of Weed Science. pp.64-65. Currie, R. and P. Geier. 2017. Isoxaflutole, atrazine, thiencarbazone, iodosulfuron, and dicamba for preemergence kochia control in fallow. Research Progress Reports, Western Society of Weed Science. pp.66-68. Currie, R. and P. Geier. 2017. Winter and early spring herbicides for kochia control in fallow. Research Progress Reports, Western Society of Weed Science. pp..69-70. Currie, R. and P. Geier. 2017. Preemergence and post-harvest kochia control in wheat. Research Progress Reports, Western Society of Weed Science. pp.92-94. Currie, R. and Geier, P. (2017) "Balance Pro, Atrazine, Autumn Super, Corvus, Sencor, Authority, and Banvel for Preemergence Kochia Control in Fallow," Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports: Vol. 3: Iss. 5. https://doi.org/10.4148/2378-5977.7403 Currie, R. and Geier, P. (2017) "Atrazine, Clarity, Verdict, and Armezon Pro Application Timings for Weed Control in Fallow," Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports: Vol. 3: Iss. 5. https://doi.org/10.4148/2378-5977.7404 Currie, R. and Geier, P. (2017) "Preemergence and Post-Harvest Kochia Control in Wheat," Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports: Vol. 3: Iss. 5. https://doi.org/10.4148/2378-5977.7405 Currie, R. and Geier, P. (2017) "Winter and Early Spring Herbicides for Kochia Control in Fallow," Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports: Vol. 3: Iss. 5. https://doi.org/10.4148/2378-5977.7406 Currie, R. and Geier, P. (2017) "Clarity, Laudis, Diflexx Duo, Atrazine, and Glyphosate for Efficacy in Corn," Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports: Vol. 3: Iss. 5. https://doi.org/10.4148/2378-5977.7407


Progress 10/01/15 to 09/30/16

Outputs
Target Audience:Public and private crop consultants, crop protection research and development organizations, commercial pesticide applicators, individual growers, and scientific peers. Changes/Problems: Nothing Reported What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?A presentation on the wise use of herbicides was given to a national crop consulting company with over 300 consultants covering more than a million acres of cropland across the United States on November 8th, 2016. A noxious weed short course to train county weed control personnel was conducted in March, 2016. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?We produced a series of field days at the Southwest Research-Extension Center, Garden City, KS. These events were attended by over 164 farmers, crop consultants, and corporate and commercial pesticide applicators. Results were presented from 5 replicated, statistically sound studies on more than 98 herbicide tank mixes, including standard herbicides and soon-to-be labeled new compounds. Thesereports were digitally accessed 1323 time last year and cited in 465 other publications. Commercial pesticide applicator training sessions approved by the Kansas Department of Agriculture were conducted to help fulfill commercial licensing requirements. Presentations were also made at national conferences to academic peers. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals? Nothing Reported

Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals? Unlike most other pests, it is extremely rare that crop losses from weeds are avoided without weed control strategies. Efficacy of these strategies can vary greatly from region to region, and through time, as technology changes and weeds adapt to these changes. It is the purpose of this project to develop weed control strategies to protect the multi-billion dollar agriculture industry of southwestern Kansas. It often takes more than 10 years to produce safe and reliable federal herbicide labels. Therefore, although many studies with other compounds are promising, they will not be conclusive for a few more years The first objective was to evaluate registered and experimental herbicides to help develop federal labels and local use recommendations. More than 112 herbicide tank mixes and timings were evaluated in scientifically sound and statistically valid replicated trials. These studies helped to determine the least amount of these products that could be applied to optimize weed control and maximize crop yield. The second objective was to integrate cultural, mechanical and chemical methods of weed control. Research was conducted on the complex interactions of a wheat cover crop, limited irrigation, and drought-tolerant and conventional corn hybrids as they affected weed control and grain yield for irrigated corn. A third year of study was begun to confirm and clarify impact of previous two years that showed anincrease in crop yield with the use of a wheat cover crop across a range of irrigation levels.

Publications

  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2016 Citation: Currie, R. and Geier, P. (2016) Efficacy of preemergence or early postemergence herbicides in irrigated corn. Research Progress Reports, Western Society of Weed Science. pp. 52-53.
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2016 Citation: Currie, R. and Geier, P. (2016) Efficacy of preemergence and sequential herbicides in irrigated corn. Research Progress Reports, Western Society of Weed Science. pp. 54-56.
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2016 Citation: Currie, R. and Geier, P. (2016) Weed control with nicosulfuron, mesotrione, isoxadifen and atrazine in irrigated corn. Research Progress Reports, Western Society of Weed Science. pp. 57-59.
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2016 Citation: Currie, R. and Geier, P. (2016) Efficacy of pyroxasulfone, fluthiacet, and mesotrione timings in irrigated corn. Research Progress Reports, Western Society of Weed Science. pp. 62-65.
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2016 Citation: Currie, R. and Geier. P. (2016) Weed control with postemergence applications of diflufenzopyr, dicamba, topramezone, atrazine, and glyphosate in irrigated corn. Research Progress Reports, Western Society of Weed Science. pp. 66-68.
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2016 Citation: Currie, R. and Geier, P. (2016) Fallow Weed Control with Postemergence Applications of AGH15004, AG14039, Roundup PowerMax, and Atrazine. Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports: Vol. 2: Iss. 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.4148/2378-5977.1274
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2016 Citation: Kisekka, I., J. P Aguilar, R. Currie, D. H. Rogers. (2016) Extending the Useable Life of Ogallala Aquifer through Limited Irrigation using Integrated Sensor-Based Technologies. Project Number: 2014KS171B. Kansas Water Resources Research Institute Final Technical Report FY 2016.
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2016 Citation: Kisekka, I., J. Holman, J. Waggoner, J. Aguilar, and R. Currie. (2016) Forage Sorghum and Corn Silage Response to full And Deficit Irrigation. Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports: Vol. 2: Iss. 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.4148/2378-5977.1274
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2016 Citation: Currie, R. and Geier, P. (2016) Indaziflam, metribuzin, and saflufenacil for preemergence kochia control in an abandoned Alfalfa. Research Progress Reports, Western Society of Weed Science. pp. 25-26.
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2016 Citation: Currie, R. and Geier. P. (2016) Fallow weed control with postemergence applications of AGH15004, AG14039, glyphosate, and atrazine. Research Progress Reports, Western Society of Weed Science. pp. 69-70.
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2016 Citation: Currie, R. and Geier. P. (2016) Fallow weed control with preemergence applications of dicamba, atrazine, sulfentrazone, saflufenacil, pyrasulfone, and isoxaflutole. Research Progress Reports, Western Society of Weed Science. pp. 71-73.
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2016 Citation: Currie, R. and Geier, P. (2016) Preemergence weed control with acetochlor, S-metolachlor, atrazine, and mesotrione in grain sorghum. Research Progress Reports, Western Society of Weed Science. pp. 92-93
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2016 Citation: Currie, R.S., C. R. Thompson, and P. Geier. 2016. Kochia Control in Fallow with Winter versus Early Spring Preemergence Herbicide Applications. Proc. Western Soc. Weed Sci. 69:75-76.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2016 Citation: Currie, R.S., I. B. Cuvaca, and M. Jugulam. 2016. The Effects of Increasing Rates of Dicamba for Palmer Amaranth Control in Fallow. Proc. North Central Weed Sci. Soc.71:73.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2016 Citation: Cuvaca, I.B., R. S. Currie, M. Jugulam and A. Foster. 2016. Palmer Amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri) Suppression with Half Rates of Dicamba and Atrazine with Increasing Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) Density and Nitrogen Rate. Proc. North Central Weed Sci. Soc.71:45-46.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2016 Citation: Putta, K., D. Koo, V. Varanasi, R. S. Currie, N.R. Burgos, and M. Jugulam. 2016. Physical Mapping of EPSPS Gene Copies in Glyphosate-Resistant Italian Ryegrass (Lolium perenne spp. multiflorum). Proc. North Central Weed Sci. Soc. 71:63-64.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2016 Citation: Holman, J., Min, D., Klocke, N., Kisekka, I., & Currie, R. (2016). Effects of Irrigation Amount and Timing on Alfalfa Nutritive Value. Trans. ASABE, 59(4), 849-860. DOI 10.13031/trans.59.11456.
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2016 Citation: Currie, R. and Geier, P. (2016) Fallow weed control with preemergence applications of isoxaflutole, thiencarbazone, iodosulfuron, dicamba, atrazine, sulfentrazone, and metribuzin. Research Progress Reports, Western Society of Weed Science. pp. 74-76.
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2016 Citation: Currie, R. and Geier, P. (2016) Weed control and crop injury with single or sequential herbicide applications in grain sorghum. Research Progress Reports, Western Society of Weed Science. pp. 87-89.
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2016 Citation: Currie, R. and Geier, P. (2016) Weed control with single or sequential herbicide applications in acetolactase synthase-tolerant grain sorghum. Research Progress Reports, Western Society of Weed Science. pp. 90-91.
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2016 Citation: Currie, R. and Geier, P. (2016) Preemergence weed control with acetochlor, S-metolachlor, atrazine, and mesotrione in grain sorghum. Research Progress Reports, Western Society of Weed Science. pp. 92-93.
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2016 Citation: Currie, R. and Geier, P. (2016) Fallow Weed Control with Preemergence Applications of Balance Pro, Corvus, Banvel, Atrazine, and Authority MTZ. Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports: Vol. 2: Iss. 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.4148/2378-5977.1263 http://dx.doi.org/10.4148/2378-5977.1264
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2016 Citation: Currie, R. and Geier, P. (2016) Fallow Weed Control with Preemergence Applications of Clarity, Atrazine, Spartan Guard, Sharpen, Zidua, and Corvus,. Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports: Vol. 2: Iss. 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.4148/2378-5977.1264
  • Type: Other Status: Other Year Published: 2016 Citation: Currie, R. and Geier, P. (2016) Alion, Sencor, and Sharpen for Preemergence Kochia Control in an Abandoned Alfalfa Field. Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports: Vol. 2: Iss. 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.4148/2378-5977.126
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2016 Citation: Currie, R. and Geier, P. (2016) Weed Control with Postemergence Applications of Status, Armezon, Atrazine, Corvus, Verdict, and Roundup PowerMax in Irrigated Corn. Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports: Vol. 2: Iss. 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.4148/2378-5977.1266
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2016 Citation: Currie, R. and Geier, P. (2016) Weed Control with Accent, Callisto, Isoxadifen, Impact, Cinch, Dicamba, and Atrazine in Irrigated Corn. Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports: Vol. 2: Iss. 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.4148/2378-5977.1267
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2016 Citation: Currie, R. and Geier, P. (2016) Weed Control with Single or Sequential Herbicide Applications in Acetolactase Synthase-Tolerant Grain Sorghum. Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports: Vol. 2: Iss. 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.4148/2378-5977.1268
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2016 Citation: Currie, R. and Geier, P. (2016) Efficacy of Preemergence or Early Postemergence Weed Control with Keystone NXT, Hornet WDG, Atrazine, SureStart II, Lumax EZ, and Resicore. Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports: Vol. 2: Iss. 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.4148/2378-5977.1269
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2016 Citation: Currie, R. and Geier, P. (2016) Efficacy of Preemergence and Sequential Applications with Corvus, Atrazine, Starane, Balance, Anthem, Capreno, Diflexx and Halex GT in Irrigated Corn. Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports: Vol. 2: Iss. 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.4148/2378-5977.1270
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2016 Citation: Currie, R. and Geier, P. (2016) Weed Control and Crop Injury with Single or Sequential Herbicide Applications in Grain Sorghum. Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports: Vol. 2: Iss. 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.4148/2378-5977.1271
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2016 Citation: Currie, R. and Geier, P. (2016) Efficacy of Anthem Maxx, Solstice, Cadet, Roundup PowerMax, and Competitive Standards in Irrigated Corn. Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports: Vol. 2: Iss. 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.4148/2378-5977.1272
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2016 Citation: Currie, R. and Geier, P. (2016) Preemergence Weed Control with FulTime NXT and Competitive Standards in Grain Sorghum. Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports: Vol. 2: Iss. 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.4148/2378-5977.1273


Progress 10/01/14 to 09/30/15

Outputs
Target Audience:Public and private crop consultants, crop protection research and development organizations, commercial pesticide applicators, individual growers, and scientific peers. Changes/Problems: Nothing Reported What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?A regional meeting of over 30 crop consultants and retail herbicide dealers was held on May 28, 2015. Field tours of research exploring over 30 treatments for controls of herbicide-resistant kochia were conducted. A noxious weed short course to train county weed control personnel was conducted from March 23 to 27, 2015. A short course for Environmental Science students from Seward County Community College was conducted April 24, 2015. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?We produced a series of field days at the Southwest Research-Extension Center, Garden City, KS. These event was attended by over 180 farmers, crop consultants, and corporate and commercial pesticide applicators. Results were presented from 5 replicated, statistically sound studies on more than 100 herbicide tank mixes, including standard herbicides and soon-to-be labeled new compounds. Reports of progress were made available online and were down-loaded 15 times in the United States and 9 times by parties from South America, Europe, Africa, Asia and Australia within 3 months of publication. A total of 1.5 hours of commercial pesticide applicator training sessions approved by the Kansas Department of Agriculture were conducted to help fulfill commercial licensing requirements. Presentations were made at national conferences to academic peers. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals? Nothing Reported

Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals? Unlike most other pests, it is extremely rare that crop losses from weeds are avoided without weed control strategies. Efficacy of these strategies can vary greatly from region to region, and through time, as technology changes and weeds adapt to these changes. It is the purpose of this project to develop weed control strategies to protect the multi-billion dollar agriculture industry of southwestern Kansas. It often takes more than 10 years to produce safe and reliable federal herbicide labels. Therefore, although many studies with other compounds are promising, they will not be conclusive for a few more years The first objective was to evaluate registered and experimental herbicides to help develop federal labels and local use recommendations. More than 150 herbicide tank mixes and timings were evaluated in scientifically sound and statistically valid replicated trials. These studies helped to determine the least amount of these products that could be applied to optimize weed control and maximize crop yield. The second objective was to integrate cultural, mechanical and chemical methods of weed control. Research was conducted on the complex interactions of a wheat cover crop, limited irrigation, and drought-tolerant and conventional corn hybrids as they affected weed control and grain yield for irrigated corn. Two years of field research have consistently shown an increase in crop yield with the use of a wheat cover crop across a range of irrigation levels regardless of the use of a drought-tolerant or conventional corn hybrid. This increase in yield may be due in part to increased water use efficiency produced by the cover crop residue. The third objective was to conduct experiments on the biological, physiological and ecological characteristics of crops and weeds. Research found that a local population of kochia had evolved resistance to dicamba, glyphosate, atrazine and metsulfuron. Although, kochia with herbicide resistance to multiple modes of action is not wide spread at the moment, this research suggests that strategies to control it need urgent attention. Results were communicated in presentations given to national audiences of weed control researchers to exchange research data and stimulate discussion and debate of these issues which will lead to refinement of techniques and lead to more formal publications.

Publications

  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2015 Citation: Varanasi , V.K., A. S. Godar, R. S. Currie, A. J. Dille, C. R. Thompson, P. W. Stahlman, and M. Jugulam. 2015. Field Evolved Resistance to Four Modes of Action of Herbicides in a Single Kochia (Kochia scoparia L Schraw.) Population. Pesticide Management Science. 71:1207-1212.
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2015 Citation: Currie, R. and P. Geier.2015. Weed Control and Crop Tolerance in Inzen Grain Sorghum with Zest Tank Mixtures. Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports: Vol. 1: Iss. 5. Currie, R. and P. Geier. 2015. Sequential Treatments of Rimsulfuron, Mesotrione, Thifensulfuron, Balance Flexx, Cinch, Cinch ATZ, and Prowl H2O Mixtures for Weed Control in Irrigated Corn. Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports: Vol. 1:Iss. 5. Currie, R. and P. Geier.2015. Palmer Amaranth Control and Sorghum Response to Tank Mixtures of Huskie, Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports: Vol. 1: Iss. 5. Currie, R. and P. Geier.2015.Fallow Weed Control with Preemergence Tank Mixes of Sharpen, Zidua, Sencor, Banvel, Atrazine, Balance Pro, and Corvus, Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports: Vol. 1: Iss. 5. Currie, R. and P. Geier. 2015.Efficacy of Lumax EZ, Atrazine, Acuron, Armezon, Sharpen, Outlook, Verdict, and Prowl H2O in Irrigated Glyphosate-Resistant Corn, Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports: Vol. 1: Iss. 5. Currie, R. and P. Geier.2015.Efficacy of Anthem, Anthem ATZ, Solstice, Keystone NXT, Corvus, and Surestart II in Glyphosate-Resistant Irrigated Corn, Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports: Vol. 1: Iss. 5. Currie, R. and P. Geier. 2015.Weed Control in Irrigated Corn with Combinations of Corvus, Balance Flexx, Capreno, Laudis, Harness, Atrazine, Glyphosate, Dual, and Diflexx, Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports: Vol. 1: Iss. 5.
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2015 Citation: Currie, R. and P. Geier. 2015. Efficacy of pyroxasulfone, fluthiacet, thiencarbazone, flumetsulam, and clopyralid in glyphosate-resistant irrigated corn. Research Progress Reports, Western Society of Weed Science. pp.32-34. Currie, R. and P. Geier. 2015. Weed control in irrigated corn with combinations of thiencarbazone, isoxaflutole pyroxasulfone, fluthiacet, dicamba, and tembotrione. Research Progress Reports, Western Society of Weed Science. pp. 35-37. Currie, R. and P. Geier. 2015. Efficacy of bicyclopyrone, mesotrione, saflufenacil, topramezone, and rimsulfuron in irrigated glyphosate-resistant corn. Research Progress Reports, Western Society of Weed Science. pp. 38-41. Currie, R. and P. Geier.2015. Sequential treatments of rimsulfuron, mesotrione, thifensulfuron, isoxaflutole, and glyphosate mixtures for weed control in irrigated corn. Research Progress Reports, Western Society of Weed Science. pp. 42-44. Currie, R. and P. Geier. 2015. Fallow weed control with preemergence tank mixes of saflufenacil, pyroxasulfone metribuzin, dicamba, atrazine, isoxaflutole, and thiencarbazone. Research Progress Reports, Western Society of Weed Science. pp. 45-47. Currie, R. and P. Geier.2015. Palmer amaranth control and sorghum response to pyrasulfotole/bromoxynil tank mixtures. Research Progress Reports, Western Society of Weed Science. pp. 50-51. Currie, R. and P. Geier.2015. Weed control and crop response in acetolactase synthase tolerant grain sorghum with liquid nicosulfuron tank mixtures. Research Progress Reports, Western Society of Weed Science. pp. 52-53.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2015 Citation: Kisekka, I., J. D. Holman, R. Currie, J. P. Aguilar, D. Tomsicek, J. Koehn. 2015. Wheat Yield Response to Limited Irrigation and Fungicides. Paper number 152190459, 2015 ASABE Annual International Meeting. DOI: 10.13031/aim.20152190459. Currie, R.S., C.R. Thompson , P. Geier. 2015. Comparisons of Winter Versus Early Spring Preemergence Herbicide Applications for Kochia Control in Fallow. Proc. North Central Weed Sci. Soc. (in press)