Source: OKLAHOMA STATE UNIVERSITY submitted to NRP
PHOSPHINE RESISTANCE, FUMIGATION ALTERNATIVES, AND IMPROVED IPM FOR STORED GRAIN INSECTS
Sponsoring Institution
National Institute of Food and Agriculture
Project Status
COMPLETE
Funding Source
HATCH
Reporting Frequency
Annual
Accession No.
1004048
Grant No.
(N/A)
Cumulative Award Amt.
(N/A)
Proposal No.
(N/A)
Multistate No.
(N/A)
Project Start Date
Nov 5, 2014
Project End Date
Sep 30, 2019
Grant Year
(N/A)
Program Code
[(N/A)]- (N/A)
Recipient Organization
OKLAHOMA STATE UNIVERSITY
(N/A)
STILLWATER,OK 74078
Performing Department
Entomology And Plant Pathology
Non Technical Summary
A survey of red flour beetles, lesser grain borers, and rusty grain beetles in wheat storage facilities across Oklahoma will be conducted in order to determine the presence and levels (extent) of phosphine resistance. Information obtained from the survey will aid the development of phosphine resistance management strategies to ensure continued effective use of this fumigant that is extremely vital for IPM of stored-wheat insect pests in Oklahoma and the Southern U.S.
Animal Health Component
100%
Research Effort Categories
Basic
(N/A)
Applied
100%
Developmental
(N/A)
Classification

Knowledge Area (KA)Subject of Investigation (SOI)Field of Science (FOS)Percent
21615401130100%
Knowledge Area
216 - Integrated Pest Management Systems;

Subject Of Investigation
1540 - Hard red winter wheat;

Field Of Science
1130 - Entomology and acarology;
Goals / Objectives
1-Determine the presence or absence of resistance in all populations of red flour beetles, lesser grain borers, and rusty grain beetles collected in Oklahoma. 2-Determine levels of phosphine resistance for all populations of red flour beetles, lesser grain borers, and rusty grain beetles with resistance frequencies of greater than 60%.3-Develop of phosphine resistance management strategies using data from objectives 1 and 2 above. 4-Determine the use of sulfuryl fluoride as a phosphine alternative and for phosphine resistance management.
Project Methods
The presence or absence of resistance in all populations of red flour beetles, lesser grain borers, and rusty grain beetles collected in Oklahoma will be determined. For all populations of the three species with resistance frequencies of greater than 60%, levels of phosphine resistance will be determined. Phosphine resistance management strategies will then be developed using data obtained. Additionally, the use of Profume® or sulfuryl fluoride (SF) as a phosphine alternative and for phosphine resistance management will be investigated.

Progress 11/05/14 to 09/30/19

Outputs
Target Audience: Entomologists in Oklahoma, U.S., and Worldwide Oklahoma, U.S., and Worldwide Grain and Feed Industries Oklahoma, U.S., and Worldwide Grain Milling and Processing Industries Oklahoma, U.S., and Worldwide Grain Storage Systems Oklahoma, U.S., and Worldwide Grain Handling, Storage, and Processing Industries Changes/Problems: Nothing Reported What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?MS student and1 Ph.D. student was trained, and 2 postdocs were mentored. Students and postdocs attended several national and international meetings where research data were presented. PI attended national and international meetings where research data were presented. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?Results have been disseminated to different communities of interest through poster presentations, talks at industry and professional meetings, and publications in peer-reviewed journals. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals? Nothing Reported

Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals? Oklahoma's annual wheat production in 2016 and 2017 was valued at $470 million and $380 million, respectively. Stored product insect pests can cause significant damage to stored wheat. The three most important insect pests of stored wheat in Oklahoma are, in order of economic importance, lesser grain borer, rusty grain beetle, and red flour beetle. Therefore, storage managers rely on IPM and use tactics such as sanitation, aeration, and protectant insecticides to manage these insect pests. Phosphine gas, hydrogen phosphide (PH3), is a fumigant used when other management practices have failed. Consequently, the use of phosphine under less than ideal conditions that involve leaky structures has led to an increasing number of reported fumigation failures. Some of these fumigation failures may have been caused by phosphine resistance.Therefore, it was important to conduct a survey of red flour beetles (RFB), lesser grain borers (LGB), and rusty grain beetles (RGB) in wheat storage facilities across Oklahoma in order to determine the presence and levels (extent) of phosphine resistance. Information obtained from the survey would aid the development of phosphine resistance management strategies to ensure continued effective use of this fumigant that is extremely vital for IPM of stored-wheat insect pests in Oklahoma and the Southern U.S. The number of populations of RFB, RGB, and LGB collected in Oklahoma that was evaluated for presence or absence of phosphine resistance were 9, 19, and 5 respectively. Data showed that phosphine resistance is present in all but one of the populations of the 3 species tested. The most resistant populations of RFB, RGB, and LGB were 119, 134, and 1519 times more resistant than their susceptible counterparts, respectively. Therefore, there were populations of these 3 species with strong phosphine resistance. A field population of stored product insects has strong phosphine resistance when it is ≥ 100 times more resistant than the susceptible strain. Furthermore, data obtained showed that phosphine-resistant insects can be controlled using SF dosages that were developed based on efficacy trials using phosphine-susceptible insects. Information obtained from studies conducted led to the initiation of phosphine resistance management strategies to ensure continued effective use of phosphine. For example, where an extremely high level of resistance is present, the use of an alternative insecticide such as fumigation with sulfuryl fluoride or a combination of grain protectants while withholding use of phosphine may be a viable option. Information from this project ensures that Oklahoma wheat production valued at $380-$470 million will remain economically viable. In fact, information from this project aids US wheat production as a whole. United States annual wheat production in 2017 and 2018 were valued at $8.2 billion and $9.2 billion, respectively. Objective 1 Determine the presence or absence of phosphine resistance in all populations of red flour beetles, lesser grain borers, and rusty grain beetles collected in Oklahoma. 1) Major activities completed / experiments conducted The discriminating dose of RGB adult insects was estimated. Discriminating dose (DD) is a concentration of a fumigant that kills 99% of susceptible laboratory-reared insects in a sample after fumigation. DD an important parameter for determining presence or absence of resistance in a field population. We then evaluated 9, 19, and 5 populations of RFB, RGB, and LGB, respectively, collected in Oklahoma for the presence or absence of phosphine resistance. 2) Data collected Data indicated that phosphine resistance is present in all but one of the populations of RFB, RGB, and LGB tested. 3) Summary statistics and discussion of results In a number of populations, ≥ 90% of the individuals were resistant. These data point to widespread levels of phosphine resistance in the wheat storage system in Oklahoma. 4) Key outcomes or other accomplishments realized Some stakeholders in Oklahoma stopped using phosphine and switched to the insect growth regulator (IGR) based insecticide called Diacon® IGR PLUS. This insecticide provides excellent control of RFB, LGB, and RGB. Objective 2 Determine levels of phosphine resistance for all populations of red flour beetles, lesser grain borers, and rusty grain beetles with 60% or more resistant individuals. 1) Major activities completed / experiments conducted Field populations of RFB, RGB, and LGB were subjected to dose-response studies to estimate their level or degree of resistance. 2) Data collected Data collected indicate there were populations of RFB, RGB, and LGB with strong phosphine resistance. The most resistant populations were 119, 134, and 1519 times more resistant than their susceptible counterparts, respectively. 3) Summary statistics and discussion of results A field population of stored product insect pests has strong phosphine resistance when it is ≥ 100 times more resistant than the susceptible strain. These data necessitate urgent steps to be taken to develop and implement phosphine resistance management strategies to mitigate the development of more populations with strong resistance and to ensure continued effective use of phosphine in the future. Phosphine resistance management strategies eliminate resistant populations and/or slow down the development of resistance. 4) Key outcomes or other accomplishments realized Same as for Objective 1. Objectives 3 and 4 Objective 3: Develop of phosphine resistance management strategies using data from objectives 1 and 2 above. Objective 4: Determine the use of sulfuryl fluoride as a phosphine alternative and for phosphine resistance management. 1) Major activities completed / experiments conducted A field experiment was conducted in eight 13.6-MT steel bins containing 6.8 MT each of wheat to assess the efficacy of sulfuryl fluoride or SF fumigant to control phosphine-resistant and susceptible LGB and RFB. 2) Data collected Data obtained showed that phosphine-resistant insects can be controlled using SF dosages that were developed based on efficacy trials using phosphine-susceptible insects. Data also supported the fact that phosphine-resistant insects are not cross-resistant to SF. 3) Summary statistics and discussion of results Based on data collected SF can be added to this list of measures that are effective against phosphine-resistant insects. This study further validates current field practices in Australia and the United States for using SF for phosphine resistance management in stored product insects. Phosphine-resistant LGB has been observed by fumigators in California for more than seven years. In this geographic region, grain fumigations, primarily for rice and some corn, have successfully converted from phosphine to SF where phosphine-resistant insects are known or suspected to occur. 4) Key outcomes or other accomplishments realized Same as for Objective 1. Additionally, where extremely high resistance levels are present in insects, stakeholders can now switch to sulfuryl fluoride for some time in order to manage these resistant insects. Data obtained also led to the recommendation of applying 1,100 ppm of phosphine for 5-7 days. Facilities that had highly phosphine-resistant populations of stored product insect pests that switched to the revised recommended dose successfully controlled resistant insect.

Publications

  • Type: Other Status: Other Year Published: 2016 Citation: Patent: NSPRIDUST�  Federal Republic of Nigeria Certificate of Registration of Patent. Certificate No. 000744. Date of registration: 18th August 2016. The Nigerian Stored Product Research Institute (NSPRI) and the Federal Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development (FMARD) are working to have NSPRIDUST commercialized and in the market. Construction of the pilot production plant at NSPRI headquarters in Ilorin, Nigeria has been completed and will facilitate registration of NSPRIDUST by National Agency for Food and Drug Administration and Control (NAFDAC). The construction of the pilot production plant was necessary because NAFDAC will not register a product that is not under production. NAFDAC has been invited to the pilot production plant to register the mixture of DE + silica aerogel. NSPRI is pursuing fast registration
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Manu, N., E. A. Osekre, G. P. Opit, F. H. Arthur, G. Mbata, P. Armstrong, J. K. Danso, S. G. McNeill, J. Campbell. 2019. Moisture content, insect pests and mycotoxin levels of maize on farms in Tamale environs in the Northern Region of Ghana. Journal of Stored Products Research 83: 153160.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Hubhachen, Z., Jiang, H., Schlipalius, D., Park, Y., Guedes, R.N.C., Oppert, B., Opit, G., and Phillips, T. W. 2019. A CAPS marker for determination of strong phosphine resistance in Tribolium castaneum from Brazil. Journal of Pest Science. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10340-019-01134-4 (online version)
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Bosomtwe, A., J. K. Danso, E. A. Osekre, G. P. Opit, G. Mbata, P. Armstrong, F. H. Arthur, J. Campbell, N. Manu, S.G. McNeill, and J. Akowuah. 2019. Effectiveness of the solar biomass hybrid dryer for drying and disinfestation of Maize. Journal of Stored Products Research 83: 6672.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Otitodun, G. O., M. O. Ogundare, S. K. Ajao, S. I. Nwaubani, G. I. Abel, G. P. Opit, G. Bingham and M. O. Omobowale. 2019. Efficacy of phosphine and insect penetration ability in ZeroFly� bags. Journal of Stored Products Research 82: 8190.5
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Paudyal, S., J. S. Armstrong, K. L. Giles, M. E. Payton, G. P. Opit, A. Limaje. 2019. Categories of resistance to sugarcane aphid (Hemiptera: Aphididae) among sorghum genotypes. Journal of Economic Entomology, toz077, https://doi.org/10.1093/jee/toz077
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Danso, J. K., E. A. Osekre, G. P. Opit, F. H. Arthur, J. F. Campbell, G. Mbata, N. Manu, P. Armstrong, and S. G. McNeill. 2019. Impact of storage structures on moisture content, insect pests and mycotoxin levels of maize in Ghana. Journal of Stored Products Research 81: 114120.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Aulicky, R., V. Stejskal, and G. Opit. 2019. Short-exposure biological activity of dichlorvos insecticide strips on 5 Coleoptera storage pests under two evaporation regimes: Can slow-release dichlorvos formulations replace aerosols? Pakistan Journal of Zoology 51: 475?482. http://dx.doi.org/10.17582/journal.pjz/2019.51.2.475.482
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Manu, N., G. P. Opit, E. A. Osekre, F. H. Arthur, G. Mbata, P. Armstrong, J. K. Danso, S.G. McNeill, and J. Campbell. 2019. Moisture content, insect pest infestation and mycotoxin levels of maize in markets in the Northern Region of Ghana. Journal of Stored Products Research 80:10?20.


Progress 10/01/17 to 09/30/18

Outputs
Target Audience:Entomologists in Oklahoma, U.S., and Worldwide Oklahoma, U.S., and Worldwide Grains and Feed Industries Oklahoma, U.S., and Worldwide Grain Milling and Processing Industries Oklahoma, U.S., and Worldwide Grains Storage System Changes/Problems: Nothing Reported What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?Ph.D. student was trained and 1 postdoc was mentored. Postdoc and the PI attended several national meetings where research data were presented. PI attended international meetings where research data were presented. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?Results have been disseminated to different communities of interest through poster presentations, talks at industry and professional meetings, and publications in peer-reviewed journals. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?A-Publish a manuscript entitled "Phosphine Resistance in Saw-toothed Grain Beetle, Oryzaephilus surinamensis in the United States" has been written and is pending submission to a peer reviewed journal for publication B- Publish a manuscript entitled "Development of phosphine resistance management strategies for almond storage facilities in California". C-conduct research on phosphine resistance in psocids collected in grain storage facilities in the USA. D-Work on commercialization and scaling up of GrainMate moisture meter, NSPRIDUST, ZeroFly Hermetic storage bags, and the solar biomass hybrid dryer.

Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals? A-A manuscript entitled "Phosphine Resistance in Saw-toothed Grain Beetle, Oryzaephilus surinamensis in the United States" has been written and is pending submission to a peer-reviewed journal for publication B-A survey on pest management practices in various almond storage facilities where insects for phosphine resistance testing were collected was completed. The survey involved the use of a questionnaire which was completed by various almond storage facilities in California. The survey collected data on practices that mitigate or enhance phosphine resistance. Data collected have been summarized and analyzed and used to prepare a report, and a manuscript on the development of phosphine resistance management strategies for almond storage facilities in California. Significant results achieved. Data show there is phosphine resistance in red flour beetle, sawtoothed grain beetle, and Indianmeal moth from almond storage facilities in California. However, there are approximately 55% of facilities with no resistant insects. This is different from grain storage facilities in Oklahoma where nearly all facilities have resistant insects. Data show that almond storage facilities that use commercial fumigators for fumigations and do not exclusively rely on phosphine for fumigation have little or no phosphine resistance problems. The Feed the Future Innovation Lab for Reduction of Post-Harvest Loss (PHLIL) - Ghana component led by Dr. Opit, has developed a low-cost grain moisture meter (PHL moisture meter) and conducted tests in Ghana. Dr. Paul Armstrong from USDA-ARS Center for Grain and Animal Health Research (CGAHR, Manhattan, KS, USA) designed the meter. A local startup company called Sesi Technologies that is located in Kumasi, Ghana is currently assembling the PHL moisture meter under the trade name GrainMate Moisture Tester. To date, Sesi Technologies has assembled over 250 GrainMate meters and more orders continue to be received. Based on the publications: (a) Otitodun, G. O., G. P. Opit, S. I. Nwaubani, and E. U. Okonkwo. 2017. Efficacy of rice husk ash against rice weevil and lesser grain borer on wheat. African Crop Science Journal 25: 145-155; (b) Otitodun, G.O., G.P. Opit, S.I. Nwaubani, E.U. Okonkwo, and S.G. Gautam. 2015. Efficacy of Nigeria-Derived Diatomaceous Earth, Botanicals, and Riverbed Sand against Sitophilus oryzae andRhyzopertha dominica on Wheat. African Crop Science Journal 23 (3): 279?293; and (c) Nwaubani, S. I., G.P. Opit, G. O. Otitodun, and M. A. Adesida. 2014. Efficacy of Two Nigeria- Derived Diatomaceous Earths against Sitophilus oryzae (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) and Rhyzopertha dominica (Coleoptera: Bostrichidae) on wheat. Journal of Stored Products Research 59: 9-16, NSPRIDUST has been patented as insecticidal diatomaceous earth in Nigeria and is currently being commercialized. The Nigerian Stored Product Research Institute (NSPRI) and the Nigeria Federal Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development (FMARD) are working to have NSPRIDUST commercialized and in the market in 2018/19. Construction of the pilot production plant at NSPRI headquarters in Ilorin, Nigeria has been completed and will facilitate registration of NSPRIDUST by NAFDAC. The construction of the pilot production plant was necessary because NAFDAC will not register a product that is not under production. Funding for construction of the pilot production plant came from the 2018 Government of Nigeria Appropriation for NSPRI to the tune of 11.5 million naira ($32,000). However, NSPRI has spent close to 25-30 million naira ($70,000-$83,000) on the plant up to this point. The building alone cost approximately 20 million naira ($55,550). NAFDAC has been invited to the pilot production plant to register the mixture of DE + silica aerogel. NSPRI is pursuing fast registration.

Publications

  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: Otitodun, G., A. Ala, S. Nwaubani, M. Omobowale, M. Ogundare, G. Abel, K. Ajao, J. Braimah, A. Olenloa, O. Kolayemi, J. Ogwumike, G. Opit, K. Ileleji, and S. McNeill. 2018. Evaluation of five storage technologies to preserve quality composition of maize in Nigerian markets, pp 900?909. In C.S. Adler, G. Opit, B. Fürstenau, C. Müller-Blenkle, P. Kern, F.H. Arthur, C.G. Athanassiou, R. Bartosik, J. Campbell, M.O. Carvalho, W. Chayaprasert, P. Fields, Z. Li, D. Maier, M. Nayak, E. Nukenine, D. Obeng-Ofori, T. Phillips, J. Riudavets, J. Throne, M. Schöller, V. Stejskal, H. Talwana, B. Timlick, P. Trematerra (eds), Proceedings of the 12th International Working Conference on Stored Product Protection (IWCSPP), 7⿿11 October, 2018 Berlin, Germany. Julius-Kuhn-Archiv, Berlin, Germany.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: Ajao, S., K. Popoola, M. Omobowale, A. Ala, G. Bingham, and G. Opit. 2018. Evaluation of the suitability and optimal use of postharvest storage bag technologies and a combination thereof for maize storage in Nigeria. pp 910?920. In C.S. Adler, G. Opit, B. Fürstenau, C. Müller-Blenkle, P. Kern, F.H. Arthur, C.G. Athanassiou, R. Bartosik, J. Campbell, M.O. Carvalho, W. Chayaprasert, P. Fields, Z. Li, D. Maier, M. Nayak, E. Nukenine, D. Obeng-Ofori, T. Phillips, J. Riudavets, J. Throne, M. Schöller, V. Stejskal, H. Talwana, B. Timlick, P. Trematerra (eds), Proceedings of the 12th International Working Conference on Stored Product Protection (IWCSPP), 7⿿11 October, 2018 Berlin, Germany. Julius-Kuhn-Archiv, Berlin, Germany.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: Joseph O. Akowuah, J. O., D. Maier, G. Opit, S. McNeill, P. Amstrong, C. Campabadal, K. Ambrose, G. Obeng-Akrofi. 2018. Drying Temperature Effect on Kernel Damage and Viability of Maize Dried in a Solar Biomass Hybrid Dryer. Open Journal of Applied Science (OJAppS) Vol.8 No.11 2018) http://www.scirp.org/journal/OJAppS/.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: Li, Z., V. Stejskal, G. Opit, Y. Cao, and J. Throne. 2018. From stored-product psocids to the other pests: the developments, problems and prospects on research and application of molecular identification, pp 221?224. In C.S. Adler, G. Opit, B. Fürstenau, C. Müller-Blenkle, P. Kern, F.H. Arthur, C.G. Athanassiou, R. Bartosik, J. Campbell, M.O. Carvalho, W. Chayaprasert, P. Fields, Z. Li, D. Maier, M. Nayak, E. Nukenine, D. Obeng-Ofori, T. Phillips, J. Riudavets, J. Throne, M. Schöller, V. Stejskal, H. Talwana, B. Timlick, P. Trematerra (eds), Proceedings of the 12th International Working Conference on Stored Product Protection (IWCSPP), 7⿿11 October, 2018 Berlin, Germany. Julius-Kuhn-Archiv, Berlin, Germany.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: Feng, S., Q. Yang, H. Li, F. Song, V. Stejskal, G. P. Opit, W. Cai, Z. Li, and R. Shao. 2018. The highly divergent mitochondrial genomes indicate that the booklouse, Liposcelis bostrychophila (Psocoptera: Liposcelididae) is a cryptic species. Scientific Reports 8 Issue 2; https://doi.org/10.1534/g3.117.300410
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: Manu, N., E. A. Osekre, G. P. Opit, J. Campbell, F. H. Arthur, G. Mbata, P. Armstrong, J. K. Danso. 2018. Population dynamics of stored maize insect pests in warehouses in two districts in Ghana. Journal of Stored Products Research 76:102⿿110.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: Danso, J. K., E. A. Osekre, G. P. Opit, N. Manu, P. Armstrong, F. H. Arthur, J. F. Campbell, G. Mbata, and S. G. McNeill. 2018. Post-harvest Insect Infestation and Mycotoxin Levels in Maize Markets in the Middle Belt of Ghana. Journal of Stored Products Research 77: 9⿿15.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: Opit, G. P., F. Arthur, and J. Campbell. The Feed the Future Innovation Lab for the Reduction of Postharvest Loss: Maize postharvest loss mitigation in Ghana, pp 19?24. In S. Trdan, P. Trematerra (eds), Proceedings of the International Organisation for Biological and Integrated Control - West Palaearctic Region Section Working Group on Integrated Protection of Stored Products, 3⿿5 July, 2017, LjubLjana, Slovenia. IOBC/WPRS Bulletin Vol. 130, 2018.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: Opit, G. P., A. Ocran, and K. Shakya. Survival of stored-product psocids (Psocoptera: Liposcelididae) at 43% and 50% relative humidity, pp 380?386. In S. Trdan, P. Trematerra (eds), Proceedings of the International Organisation for Biological and Integrated Control - West Palaearctic Region Section Working Group on Integrated Protection of Stored Products, 3⿿5 July, 2017, LjubLjana, Slovenia. IOBC/WPRS Bulletin Vol. 130, 2018.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: Bosomtwe, A., E. A. Osekre, G. P. Opit, G. Mbata, P. Armstrong, F. H. Arthur, J. F. Campbell, and E. P. Nsiah. 2018. Evaluation of Plastic and Steel Bins for Protection of Stored Maize against Insect Infestation in Ghana, pp 968?972. In C.S. Adler, G. Opit, B. Fürstenau, C. Müller-Blenkle, P. Kern, F.H. Arthur, C.G. Athanassiou, R. Bartosik, J. Campbell, M.O. Carvalho, W. Chayaprasert, P. Fields, Z. Li, D. Maier, M. Nayak, E. Nukenine, D. Obeng-Ofori, T. Phillips, J. Riudavets, J. Throne, M. Schöller, V. Stejskal, H. Talwana, B. Timlick, P. Trematerra (eds), Proceedings of the 12th International Working Conference on Stored Product Protection (IWCSPP), 7⿿11 October, 2018 Berlin, Germany. Julius-Kuhn-Archiv, Berlin, Germany.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: Danso, J. K., E. A. Osekre, G. P. Opit, N. Manu, P. Armstrong, F. H. Arthur, J. F. Campbell, G. Mbata, and S. G. McNeill. 2018. Insect Pests and Fungal Pathogens in Maize Stored in Ghana, pp 27?31. In C.S. Adler, G. Opit, B. Fürstenau, C. Müller-Blenkle, P. Kern, F.H. Arthur, C.G. Athanassiou, R. Bartosik, J. Campbell, M.O. Carvalho, W. Chayaprasert, P. Fields, Z. Li, D. Maier, M. Nayak, E. Nukenine, D. Obeng-Ofori, T. Phillips, J. Riudavets, J. Throne, M. Schöller, V. Stejskal, H. Talwana, B. Timlick, P. Trematerra (eds), Proceedings of the 12th International Working Conference on Stored Product Protection (IWCSPP), 7⿿11 October, 2018 Berlin, Germany. Julius-Kuhn-Archiv, Berlin, Germany.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: Danso, J. K., N. Manu, E. A. Osekre, G. P. Opit, P. Armstrong, F. H. Arthur, J. F. Campbell, G. Mbata, and S. G. McNeill. 2018. On-Farm Maize Insect Pest and Mycotoxin Levels in Ghana, 931?933. In C.S. Adler, G. Opit, B. Fürstenau, C. Müller-Blenkle, P. Kern, F.H. Arthur, C.G. Athanassiou, R. Bartosik, J. Campbell, M.O. Carvalho, W. Chayaprasert, P. Fields, Z. Li, D. Maier, M. Nayak, E. Nukenine, D. Obeng-Ofori, T. Phillips, J. Riudavets, J. Throne, M. Schöller, V. Stejskal, H. Talwana, B. Timlick, P. Trematerra (eds), Proceedings of the 12th International Working Conference on Stored Product Protection (IWCSPP), 7⿿11 October, 2018 Berlin, Germany. Julius-Kuhn-Archiv, Berlin, Germany.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: Opit, G. O., A. Ocran, and K. Shakya. 2018. Population growth and development of Liposcelis obscurus Broadhead (Psocodea: Liposcelididae) at constant temperatures and relative humidities, pp 151?159. In C.S. Adler, G. Opit, B. Fürstenau, C. Müller-Blenkle, P. Kern, F.H. Arthur, C.G. Athanassiou, R. Bartosik, J. Campbell, M.O. Carvalho, W. Chayaprasert, P. Fields, Z. Li, D. Maier, M. Nayak, E. Nukenine, D. Obeng-Ofori, T. Phillips, J. Riudavets, J. Throne, M. Schöller, V. Stejskal, H. Talwana, B. Timlick, P. Trematerra (eds), Proceedings of the 12th International Working Conference on Stored Product Protection (IWCSPP), 7⿿11 October, 2018 Berlin, Germany. Julius-Kuhn-Archiv, Berlin, Germany.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: Bingham, G. V., G. Otitodun, E. A. Osekre, and G. Opit. 2018. Field Studies with Insecticide Treated Packaging for the Control of Stored Product Insects, p. 924. In C.S. Adler, G. Opit, B. Fürstenau, C. Müller-Blenkle, P. Kern, F.H. Arthur, C.G. Athanassiou, R. Bartosik, J. Campbell, M.O. Carvalho, W. Chayaprasert, P. Fields, Z. Li, D. Maier, M. Nayak, E. Nukenine, D. Obeng-Ofori, T. Phillips, J. Riudavets, J. Throne, M. Schöller, V. Stejskal, H. Talwana, B. Timlick, P. Trematerra (eds), Proceedings of the 12th International Working Conference on Stored Product Protection (IWCSPP), 7⿿11 October, 2018 Berlin, Germany. Julius-Kuhn-Archiv, Berlin, Germany.


Progress 10/01/16 to 09/30/17

Outputs
Target Audience:Entomologists in Oklahoma, U.S., and Worldwide Oklahoma, U.S., and Worldwide Grains and Feed Industries Oklahoma, U.S., and Worldwide Grain Milling and Processing Industries Oklahoma, U.S., and Worldwide Grains Storage System Changes/Problems: Nothing Reported What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided? 1-1 M.S. student was trained and 1 postdoc was mentored. 2-Graduate student, postdoc, and the PI attended several national meetings where research data were presented 3-PI attended international meetings where research data were presented How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?Results have been disseminated to different communities of interest through poster presentations, talks at industry and professional meetings, and publications in peer-reviewed journals. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?1-Collect samples of lesser grain borer, red flour beetle, and rusty grain beetle from various grain storage facilities in Oklahoma. Rear these insects to increase their numbers in order to have enough to conduct phosphine resistance tests. More samples of red flour beetle, sawtoothed grain beetle, and Indianmeal moth from various almond storage facilities in California will be collected, reared, and used for phosphine resistance tests. 2-Data from experiments conducted will be disseminated to different communities of interest through poster presentations, talks at industry and professional meetings, and publications in peer-reviewed journals. 3-Summarize data from the questionnaire on pest management practices in various storage facilities where insects for phosphine resistance testing are being collected, and write a manuscript based on the results.

Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals? Major Activities completed and specific objectives met. 1-Samples of red flour beetles and rusty grain beetles have been collected from various grain storage facilities in Oklahoma. These insects are being reared to increase their numbers in order to have enough insects to continue conducting phosphine resistance tests. Additionally, insects in samples of red flour beetle, sawtoothed grain beetle, and Indianmeal moth from various almond storage facilities in California continue to be multiplied for phosphine resistance testing. 2- Phosphine resistance tests have already been conducted on some of the field-collected populations of rusty grain beetle, sawtoothed grain beetles, and Indianmeal moth referred to above. A questionnaire for a survey on pest management practices in various storage facilities where insects for phosphine resistance testing are being collected was completed. The questionnaire has been sent to various almond storage facilities in California to collect data for a survey that will provide data on practices that mitigate or enhance resistance. Data collected will be used for development of phosphine resistance management strategies for almond storage facilities in California. Significant results achieved. Data show there is phosphine resistance in red flour beetle, sawtoothed grain beetle, and Indianmeal moth from almond storage facilities in California. However, there are approximately 55% of facilities with no resistant insects. This is different from grain storage facilities in Oklahoma where nearly all facilities have resistant insects. Data show high levels of phosphine resistance in Cryptolestes ferrugineus collected from grain storage facilities in Oklahoma USA. The Feed the Future Innovation Lab for Reduction of Post-Harvest Loss (PHLIL) - Ghana component led by Dr. Opit, has developed a low-cost grain moisture meter (PHL moisture meter) and conducted tests in Ghana. Dr. Paul Armstrong from USDA-ARS Center for Grain and Animal Health Research (CGAHR, Manhattan, KS, USA) designed the meter, and over the last nearly 1 year, the Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology (KNUST, Kumasi, Ghana),Department of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering has established a laboratory for the localassembly of PHL moisturemeters. Because the PHL meter is inexpensive and practical, it has great potential to contribute significantly to grain post-harvest loss reduction in Ghana and to immensely improve food security! Four graduates from KNUST under the leadership of Ing. Joseph Akowuah, a senior lecturer at KNUST, have successfully assembled the first 50 PHL moisture meters with support from the USDA-fundedAssisting Management in the Poultry and Layer Industries by Feed Improvement and Efficiency Strategies (AMPLIFIES) Ghana project. The PHL meter has been given Pattern Approval by the Ghana Standards Authority. These meters were delivered to the first customers, Ghana Grains Council and the AMPLIFIES Ghana project, in an event on November 16, 2017. There are plans to engage a local entrepreneur to start a business to assemble PHL meters for distribution throughout agricultural areas of Ghana. Scaling up affordable and practical post-harvest loss mitigation technologies is one of the key goals of PHLIL.

Publications

  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2017 Citation: Armstrong, P. R., S. McNeill, N. Manu, A. Bosomtwe, J. K. Danso, E. A. Osekre and G. Opit. 2017. Technical Note: Development and Evaluation of a Low-Cost Probe-Type Instrument to Measure the Equilibrium Moisture Content of Grain. Appl. Eng. Agric. 33 (5): 619627. https://doi.org/10.13031/aea.12266
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2017 Citation: Danso, J. K., E. A. Osekre, N. Manu, G. P. Opit, P. Armstrong, F. H. Arthur, J. F. Campbell, and G. Mbata. 2017. Moisture content, insect pests and mycotoxin levels of maize at harvest and post-harvest in the Middle Belt of Ghana. Journal of Stored Products Research 74:4655.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2017 Citation: Paudyal, S., G. P. Opit, F. H. Arthur, G. V. Bingham, M. E. Payton, S. G. Gautam, and B. Noden. 2017. Effectiveness of the ZeroFly� storage bag fabric against stored-product insects. Journal of Stored Products Research 73C (2017) pp. 87-97 DOI information: 10.1016/j.jspr.2017.07.001.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2017 Citation: Otitodun, G. O., G. P. Opit, S. I. Nwaubani, and E. U. Okonkwo. 2017. Efficacy of rice husk ash against rice weevil and lesser grain borer on wheat. African Crop Science Journal 25: 145155.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2017 Citation: Konemann, C. E., Z. Hubhachen, G. P. Opit, S. Gautam, and N. S. Bajracharya. 2017. Phosphine Resistance in Cryptolestes ferrugineus (Coleoptera: Laemophloeidae) Collected From Grain Storage Facilities in Oklahoma, USA. Journal of Economic Entomology; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/jee/tox101
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2017 Citation: Paudyal, S., G. P. Opit, E. A. Osekre, F. H. Arthur, G. V. Bingham, M. E. Payton, J. K. Danso, N. Manu, E. P. Nsiah. 2017. Field evaluation of the long-lasting treated storage bag, deltamethrin incorporated, (ZeroFly� Storage Bag) as a barrier to insect pest infestation. Journal of Stored Products Research 70: 44-52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jspr.2016.11.003


Progress 10/01/15 to 09/30/16

Outputs
Target Audience:Entomologists in Oklahoma, U.S., and Worldwide Oklahoma, U.S., and Worldwide Grains and Feed Industries Oklahoma, U.S., and Worldwide Grain Milling and Processing Industries Oklahoma, U.S., and Worldwide Grains Storage System Changes/Problems: Nothing Reported What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided? 1-1 M.S. student was trained and 1 postdoc was mentored. 2-Graduate student, postdoc, and the PI attended several national meetings where research data were presented How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?Results have been disseminated to different communities of interest through poster presentations, talks at industry and professional meetings, and publications in peer-reviewed journals. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?1-Collect samples of lesser grain borer, red flour beetle, and rusty grain beetle from various grain storage facilities in Oklahoma. Rear these insects to increase their numbers in order to have enough to conduct phosphine resistance tests. More samples of red flour beetle, sawtoothed grain beetle, and Indianmeal moth from various almond storage facilities in California will be collected, reared, and used for phosphine resistance tests. 2-Data from experiments conducted will be disseminated to different communities of interest through poster presentations, talks at industry and professional meetings, and publications in peer-reviewed journals. 3-Summarize data from the questionnaire on pest management practices in various storage facilities where insects for phosphine resistance testing are being collected, and write a manuscript based on the results.

Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals? Major Activities completed and specific objectives met. 1-Samples of red flour beetles and rusty grain beetles have been collected from various grain storage facilities in Oklahoma. These insects are being reared to increase their numbers in order to have enough insects to continue conducting phosphine resistance tests. Additionally, insects in samples of red flour beetle, sawtoothed grain beetle, and Indianmeal moth from various almond storage facilities in California continue to be multiplied for phosphine resistance testing. 2- Phosphine resistance tests have already been conducted on some of the field-collected populations of rusty grain beetle, sawtoothed grain beetles, and Indianmeal moth referred to above. 3 - A field study to determine the use of sulfuryl fluoride as a phosphine alternative and for phosphine resistance management was conducted and completed at the Stored Product Research and Education Center (SPREC). 4 - A questionnaire for a survey on pest management practices in various storage facilities where insects for phosphine resistance testing are being collected was completed. The questionnaire has been sent to various almond storage facilities in California to collect data for a survey that will provide data on practices that mitigate or enhance resistance. Data collected will be used for development of phosphine resistance management strategies for almond storage facilities in California. Significant results achieved. Data show that sulfuryl fluoride can be used as a phosphine alternative and for phosphine resistance management. Data show there is phosphine resistance in red flour beetle, sawtoothed grain beetle, and Indianmeal moth from almond storage facilities in California. However, there are approximately 55% of facilities with no resistant insects. This is different from grain storage facilities in Oklahoma where nearly all facilities have resistant insects.

Publications

  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2016 Citation: Gautam, S. G., G. P. Opit, and E. Hosoda. 2016. Phosphine Resistance in Adult and Immature Life Stages of Tribolium castaneum and Plodia interpunctella Populations in California. Journal of Economic Entomology 2016; doi: 10.1093/jee/tow221.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2016 Citation: Zhang, T., Y. Wang, W. Guo, D. Luo, Y. Wu, Z. Ku?erov�, V. Stejskal, G. Opit, Y. Cao, F. Li and Z. Li. 2016. DNA barcoding, species-specific PCR and real-time PCR techniques for the identification of six Tribolium pests of stored products. Scientific Reports 6, 28494; doi: 10.1038/srep28494 (2016).
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2016 Citation: Paudyal, S., G. P. Opit, F. H. Arthur, G. V. Bingham, and S. G. Gautam. 2016. Contact Toxicity of Deltamethrin against Tribolium castaneum (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae), Sitophilus oryzae (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), and Rhyzopertha dominica(Coleoptera: Bostrichidae) Adults. Journal of Economic Entomology 2016; doi: 10.1093/jee/tow107.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2016 Citation: Gautam, S. G., G. P. Opit, and K. Shakya. 2016. Population Growth and Development of the Psocid Liposcelis fusciceps (Psocoptera: Liposcelididae) at Constant Temperatures and Relative Humidities. Environmental Entomology 45: 237?244.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2016 Citation: Zhao, Z., B. Cui, Z. Li, F. Jiang, Q. Yang, Z. Ku?erov�, V. Stejskal, G. Opit, Y. Cao, and F. Li. 2016. The establishment of species-specific primers for the molecular identification of ten stored-product psocids based on ITS2 rDNA. Scientific Reports 6, Article number: 21022 (2016) doi:10.1038/srep21022.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2016 Citation: Bajracharya, N.S., G. P. Opit, J. Talley, S. G. Gautam, and M. E. Payton. 2016. Assessment of Fitness Effects Associated with Phosphine Resistance in Rhyzopertha dominica (F.) (Coleoptera: Bostrichidae) and Tribolium castaneum(Herbst) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae). African Entomology 24: 39?49.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2016 Citation: Opit, G. P., E. Thoms, T. W. Phillips, and M. E. Payton. 2016. Effectiveness of Sulfuryl Fluoride Fumigation for the Control of Phosphine-Resistant Grain Insects Infesting Stored Wheat. Journal of Economic Entomology; http://jee.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/reprint/tov395?ijkey=KyHdgzemy8oCm4u&keytype=ref.


Progress 11/05/14 to 09/30/15

Outputs
Target Audience:Entomologists in Oklahoma, U.S., and Worldwide Oklahoma, U.S., and Worldwide Grains and Feed Industries Oklahoma, U.S., and Worldwide Grain Milling and Processing Industries Oklahoma, U.S., and Worldwide Grains Storage System Changes/Problems: Nothing Reported What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?1-Altogether 2 M.S. students were trained and 1 postdoc was mentored. 2-Graduate students, postdoc, and the PI attended several national and international meetings where research data were presented (refer to #4 and #6 above). How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?Results have been disseminated to different communities of interest through poster presentations, talks at industry and professional meetings, and publications in peer-reviewed journals (refer to #4 and #6 above). What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?1-Collect samples of lesser grain borer, red flour beetle, and rusty grain beetle from various grain storage facilities in Oklahoma. Rear these insects to increase their numbers in order to have enough to conduct phosphine resistance tests. Additionally, I will continue to collect samples of different psocid species and rear them for phosphine resistance testing. More samples of red flour beetle, sawtoothed grain beetle, and Indianmeal moth from various almond storage facilities in California will be collected, reared, and used for phosphine resistance tests. 2-Data from experiments conducted will be disseminated to different communities of interest through poster presentations, talks at industry and professional meetings, and publications in peer-reviewed journals. 3-Complete the questionnaire on pest management practices in various storage facilities where insects for phosphine resistance testing are being collected, and conduct the survey.

Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals? Major Activities completed and specific objectives met. 1-Samples of red flour beetles and rusty grain beetles have been collected from various grain storage facilities in Oklahoma. These insects are being reared to increase their numbers in order to have enough insects to conduct phosphine resistance tests. Samples of different psocid species are also being collected and reared for the same reason. Additionally, insects in samples of red flour beetle, sawtoothed grain beetle, and Indianmeal moth from various almond storage facilities in California are also being multiplied for phosphine resistance testing. 2- Phosphine resistance tests have already been conducted on some of the field-collected populations of rusty grain beetle, psocids, sawtoothed grain beetles, and Indianmeal moth referred to above. 3-A field study to determine the use of sulfuryl fluoride as a phosphine alternative and for phosphine resistance management was conducted and completed at the Stored Product Research and Education Center (SPREC). 4-A questionnaire for a survey on pest management practices in various storage facilities where insects for phosphine resistance testing are being collected is under preparation. The questionnaire is part of a survey that will provide data on practices that mitigate or enhance resistance. Data collected will be used for development of phosphine resistance management strategies. Significant results achieved. Data show that sulfuryl fluoride can be used as a phosphine alternative and for phosphine resistance management.

Publications

  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2015 Citation: Opit, G.P., J. Campbell, F. Arthur, P. Armstrong, E. Osekre, S. Washburn, O. Baban, S. McNeill, G. Mbata, I. Ayobami, and P.V. Reddy. 2015. Assessment of maize postharvest losses in the Middle Belt of Ghana, pp. 860868. In: Arthur, F.H., Kengkanpanich , R., Chayaprasert, W., Suthisut, D. (Eds.) Proceedings of the 11th International Working Conference on Stored Product Protection 24-28 November 2014 Chiang Mai, Thailand.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2015 Citation: Konemann, C.E, G.P. Opit, S.G. Gautam, N.S. Bajracharya, and K. Shakya. 2015. Levels of phosphine resistance in rusty grain beetles, Cryptolestes ferrugineus (Stephens) (Coleoptera: Laemophloeidae), from stored wheat in Oklahoma, , pp. 461467. In: Arthur, F.H., Kengkanpanich , R., Chayaprasert, W., Suthisut, D. (Eds.) Proceedings of the 11th International Working Conference on Stored Product Protection 24-28 November 2014 Chiang Mai, Thailand.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2015 Citation: Gautam, S.G., S. Walse, J.S. Tebbets, and G.P. Opit. 2015. Efficacy of propylene oxide in combination with carbon dioxide against eggs of six postharvest insect pests at normal atmospheric pressure, pp. 398406. In: Arthur, F.H., Kengkanpanich , R., Chayaprasert, W., Suthisut, D. (Eds.) Proceedings of the 11th International Working Conference on Stored Product Protection 24-28 November 2014 Chiang Mai, Thailand.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2015 Citation: Jimenez, R.L., Tebbets, J.S., Opit, G.P, Gautam, S.G., and Walse, S.S. 2015. Commercial fumigation of stored products with a propylene oxide, carbon dioxide, and sulfuryl fluoride mixture, pp. 408415. In: Arthur, F.H., Kengkanpanich , R., Chayaprasert, W., Suthisut, D. (Eds.) Proceedings of the 11th International Working Conference on Stored Product Protection 24-28 November 2014 Chiang Mai, Thailand.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2015 Citation: Arif, M., G.P. Opit, A. Mendoza-Yerbafria, S, Dobhal, Z. Li, Z. Kucerova, and F.M. Ochoa-Corona. 2015. Array of Synthetic Oligonucleotides to Generate Unique Multi-Target Artificial Positive Controls and Molecular Probe-Based Discrimination of Liposcelis Species. PLoS ONE 10(6): e0129810.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2015 Citation: Perlman, S.J., C.N. Hodson, P.T. Hamilton, G.P. Opit, and B. E. Gowen. 2015. Maternal transmission, sex ratio distortion, and mitochondria. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - www.pnas.org/cgi/doi/10.1073/pnas.1421391112.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2015 Citation: Otitodun, G.O., G.P. Opit, S.I. Nwaubani, E.U. Okonkwo, and S.G. Gautam. 2015. Efficacy of Nigeria-Derived Diatomaceous Earth, Botanicals, and Riverbed Sand against Sitophilus oryzae and Rhyzopertha dominica on Wheat. African Crop Science Journal 23 (3): 279?293.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2015 Citation: Yang, Q., Z. Ku?erov�, S. Perlman, G. Opit, E. Mockford, A. Behar, W. Robinson, V. Stejskal, Z. Li, and R. Shao. 2015. Morphological and molecular characterization of a sexually reproducing colony of the booklouse Liposcelis bostrychophila (Psocodea: Liposcelididae) found in Arizona. Scientific Reports 5, Article number: 10429 (2015) doi:10.1038/srep10429.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2015 Citation: Chen, Z., D. Schlipalius, G.P. Opit, B. Subramanyam, and T.W. Phillips. 2015. Diagnostic Molecular Markers for Phosphine Resistance in U.S. Populations of Tribolium castaneum and Rhyzopertha dominica. PLoS ONE 10(3): e0121343. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0121343.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2015 Citation: Gautam, S.G., G.P. Opit, D. Margosan, D. Hoffmann, J.S. Tebbets, and S. Walse. 2015. Comparative egg morphology and chorionic ultrastructure of key stored-product insect pests. Annals of the Entomological Society of America 108: 43-56.