Source: RUTGERS, THE STATE UNIVERSITY OF NEW JERSEY submitted to NRP
A REGIONAL COMPARISON OF THE U.S. PUBLIC VIEWS ON FORESTS AND CLIMATE CHANGE
Sponsoring Institution
National Institute of Food and Agriculture
Project Status
COMPLETE
Funding Source
Reporting Frequency
Annual
Accession No.
1003217
Grant No.
(N/A)
Cumulative Award Amt.
(N/A)
Proposal No.
(N/A)
Multistate No.
(N/A)
Project Start Date
Jul 1, 2014
Project End Date
Jun 30, 2017
Grant Year
(N/A)
Program Code
[(N/A)]- (N/A)
Recipient Organization
RUTGERS, THE STATE UNIVERSITY OF NEW JERSEY
3 RUTGERS PLZA
NEW BRUNSWICK,NJ 08901-8559
Performing Department
Human Ecology
Non Technical Summary
While many studies have investigated public opinion on climate change and some studies have been undertaken about the public's perceptions and valuation of forests, this will be the first study that investigates specifically how the public sees the issue of forests and climate change. Climate change is expected to directly impact forests by altering forest ecosystem processes and biodiversity. Climate change is also expected to increase the frequency and strength of forest disturbances via fire, drought, introduced species, insect and pathogen outbreaks, hurricanes, wind storms, and ice storms.Foresters are expected to adapt their management of forests based on these changes. In addition, maintaining and increasing forest area and density can be part of a strategy to mitigate the causes of climate change by sequestering carbon. Public uses of forests (both consumptive and non-consumptive) will be altered by climate change impacts and by the mitigation and adaptation measures implemented. We theorize that residents of areas where increased forest fires or other disruptions have already been experienced will be more aware of the threats posed by climate change than others. This research project will document how the public currently uses forests, their awareness of climate change-induced threats to the forests and forests role in mitigating climate change, and the level of support for a variety of mitigation and adaptive measures. We will produce these answers by conducting and analyzinga high quality national survey with an oversample of rural populations in four large (public or at least mixed) forested areas in each U.S. region.
Animal Health Component
50%
Research Effort Categories
Basic
30%
Applied
50%
Developmental
20%
Classification

Knowledge Area (KA)Subject of Investigation (SOI)Field of Science (FOS)Percent
12360993080100%
Goals / Objectives
The major goals of this project areto 1)understandthe levels of support for a range of forest adaptation and mitigation measures andwhat variables influence support and 2) identify whether there are differences in risk perception and support for forest adaption and mitigation measures in the four selected forested regions of the U.S. To accomplish these goals, we will:1) Develop a high quality national survey that has reliable measures of our variables of interest2) Field the first national level investigation (with an oversample in forested areas in the four census regions) of the public views on climate change. This survey will collect data to answer the questions:a. What do American's value about their forests? What do they use local or national forests for? b. What (if any) threats do Americans perceive climate change poses to their forests?c. What is the level of public acceptance of forest adaptation and mitigation management policies and what factors influence these levels ofpublicacceptance?3) Analyze this data and disseminate the results of this project to researchers and stakeholder groups like educators and foresters.
Project Methods
ProcedureThis research will proceed over the course of three years. In general, year one will focus on survey measure and questionnaire development. Year two will focus on fielding the survey and cleaning data. Year three will focus on analyzing and writing up the results and disseminating them through scientific publications, on-line summaries, and in-person discussions.The first year will be used to meet our first objective of developing reliable measures and an implementable questionnaire. First, a more exhaustive literature review will be undertaken by a post-doc trained in climate change and forest science to identify any potentially significant independent or dependent variables that should be included that aren't yet. The current literature review has identified several well-established measures (particularly for many independent variables discussed) that we will utilize where appropriate. We will also want to customize some questions as needed along with developing new measures where gaps have been identified. The dependent mitigation and adaptation measures will be developed in conjunction with forest and climate change experts and a range of forest users to identify those most likely to be considered by managers in a range of regions and those likely to be salient to a range of forest users in different regions. After receiving Institutional Review Board approval for human subjects we will carefully pre-test the questionnaire using cognitive methods to ensure that respondents can understand the question in a consistent way that is aligned with our intended research question.In year two we will execute our second objective of fielding the survey. The survey sample will be a generally representation sample of the U.S. public (n=500) with an oversample of 250 in a selected heavily forested location in each of the four statistical census areas (the Northeast, the South, the Midwest, and the West). This provides a total sample of 1500. Mail surveys are high cost and the information being asked in this survey is not highly sensitive (which is when self-administered mail surveys are useful) and so it is unlikely mail surveys would be used. Depending on the resulting length of the survey and budget available, the survey would be conducted on-line, by telephone, or a mix of both. The PI has experience managing surveys and relationships with several survey research firms. Once the year 2 budget is decided, the research team would write a request for proposals detailing the goals of the survey, sample requirements, and statement of work detailing the tasks we expect the firm to execute. The PI would manage the competitive bid process and oversee the work for quality assurance (i.e. checking data for response bias, etc.)The third year will be dedicated to our third objective of analyzing and disseminating the findings of our research to relevant researchers and stakeholders. This will include analyzing the data, writing up the results for publication, and disseminating these results. The current version of SPSS will be used to conduct multivariate regression analyses. We foresee two likely papers emerging from the dataset. The first would focus on the sample of the general public and investigate what variables are correlated with support for various forest adaptation and mitigation measures. The second paper would investigate differences in risk perception and policy support and what variables account for these differences across the four forested regions oversampled. We will submit the articles to peer-reviewed journals such as Journal of Forestry, Society and Natural Resources, and Rural Sociology. The summary of these findings would be written up in a 2-sided pamphlet that focuses on key findings and implications for foresters and educators working to engage the public. The pamphlet will be distributed electronically and distributed at any conferences or workshops (such as American Forests, Communities Committee for the 7th American Forest Conference, or Society of American Foresters) the researchers get funding to attend.

Progress 07/01/14 to 06/30/17

Outputs
Target Audience:Our research effort connected with other researchers working on the issue of public perceptions of natural hazards and climate change this last fiscal year via discussions. We also reached out to social scientists at the forest service in the Evanston and New York offices to discuss our work. Changes/Problems: Nothing Reported What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?A graduate student has worked closely with me on this project and has made connections with the forest service, learned the scientific literature on forests and climate change, helped develop and pre-test an on-line survey, and conduct analysis of those data. He will have gained two publications from this process (one in full draft that he is lead author on, andanother in partial draft at this time that I will be lead on) and experience writing a fact sheet for a targeted audience not in academia. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?Once fact sheet has undergone further internal and external review we will distribute it via an on-line website, professional list-serves for forestry and natural resource management audiences, and our own extension network. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals? Nothing Reported

Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals? We have conducted the national survey and analyzed preliminary results. We identified 7 measures to test public support about forests and climate change: Planting more trees in a given area. This increase in tree density makes forests look thicker and darker during the daytime (mitigation) Replanting trees more quickly in open spaces. (Mitigation) Actively removing old roads and replanting trees where they were previously. This action can aid in water management and reduce flooding and erosion. (Mitigation/adaptation) Investing in developing new heat and drought tolerant tree species. (Adaptation) Intentionally burning forests in a controlled way to reduce fuel loads. This action can reduce the severity of future fires. (Adaptation) Removing downed wood and some live trees in the forests to reduce fuel loads. This action can decrease the severity of future wildfires. (Adaptation) and Removing strips of forest to create fire breaks so that future fires are more easily contained and have more difficulty spreading (Adaptation). We conducted confirmatory factor analysis finding that mitigation questions can be used to indicate support for forest mitigation policies and adaptation questions (except for number 4) can be used to indicate support forest adaptation policies. We found that support for all mitigation and adaptation measures for forests identified is generally high (over 60%, except for developing new heat and drought tolerant species). Through multiple regression analysis we found that trust in local government, uses of forests, perceptions of changes in forests, and belief in global climate change all were predictive of support for forest mitigation measures. In total our model explained 30% of the variance in support for mitigation policies. Our variables measured had less predictive power in explaining variations in forest adaptation support with only 19% of variance explained. In addition, we have collected data and done basic analysis on what individuals nationally (with an oversample in 4 regions of the US near forests) use their forests for, frequency of visitation to their forests, their perceptions of forest change and what they attribute those changes to (climate change or otherwise).

Publications


    Progress 10/01/15 to 09/30/16

    Outputs
    Target Audience:Scientists with an interest in forestry and climate change. The general public Changes/Problems: Nothing Reported What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?A graduate student who has worked on issues around public and the trees will be trained to conduct survey analysis and writing for scientific and public audiences. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest? Nothing Reported What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?Finish analysis and prepare two scientifc analysis. Write up analysis for public stakeholders in the form of a brochure for foresters and educators.

    Impacts
    What was accomplished under these goals? The survey has been fielded and data has been collected. The survey was done on-line by using contractor Gfk.Surveys were confidential. GfK only passed along id number and no identifiable factors for the survey respondents. Gfk (formerly Knowledge Networks) is often used as it has the most representative survey populations in its Knowledge panel. A non-probability panel was needed to be used to get extra people in the forested areas because these are rural areas where it is much more difficult to recruit survey participants. The interview goal was 1,200 respondents broken out as noted below: · 600 interviews from general population adults on KnowledgePanel · 600 interviews from adults living in the four forested areas defined below, with approximately 1/3 from KnowledgePanel and 2/3 from a nonprobability panel Approximately 150 per area in the following regions: Northeast: White Mountains National Forests, Green Mountain National Forest, October Mountain State Forest Southeast: Pigsah National Forest, Nantahala National Forest Southwest: Gilah National Forest, Apache-Sitgreaves National Forest, Santa Fe National Forest Northwest: Klamath National Forests, Willamette National Forests, Umatilla National Forests Initial analysis to answer questions 2a,2b, and 2c has begun. The data has been cleaned and sorted and I have hired a graduate student to help conduct analysis and write up the results for scientific journals, educators, and foresters.

    Publications


      Progress 10/01/14 to 09/30/15

      Outputs
      Target Audience: Nothing Reported Changes/Problems: Nothing Reported What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?An undergraduate student, Alec Roth, has participated in this research How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest? Nothing Reported What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?The next reporting period the survey sample and firm to be used will be attained/chose and the survey will be fielded.

      Impacts
      What was accomplished under these goals? The researcher continued to work on developing a high quality national survey by refining research questions using test subjects to ensure clarity and unbiased questions. The researcher investigated contacted various survey firms and the costs of various ways to field the survey to a representative sample and attain an oversample in forested regions.

      Publications


        Progress 07/01/14 to 09/30/14

        Outputs
        Target Audience: None to date except engaging research community at Rutgers for input and contacts in local, state and federal forest service work. Changes/Problems: Nothing Reported What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided? Nothing Reported How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest? Nothing Reported What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals? From September 30th through the next three months I will hire a graduate student and undergraduate. I will further develop questions on forest threats perception from climate change and mitigation/adaptation forest measures and begin to test them with forest professionals and the general public.

        Impacts
        What was accomplished under these goals? From the beginning of our work in June to Sept. 30th we continued to work to hire 1) an undergraduate to work on the literature compilation in the area of climate impacts, forests, and public perceptions and 2) a post-doc/ graduate student to develop the survey questions. I met with several Rutgers forestry and social science researchers to discuss potential additional variables of interest and potential candidates for the job. I began to draft the survey questions that are not already established in the literature.

        Publications