Progress 07/01/14 to 06/30/19
Outputs
Target Audience:Target Audiences: Professors, research scientists, students, associations, industrial manufacturers, in the wood products industry, including the construction and homeowners Efforts: Local industrial mills allowed graduate and undergraduate students of adhesive and resin courses to tour their operations allowing the students to observe production and applications of CLT, adhesives, resins, etc. A wood and veneer manufacturer invited the PI and Georgia Research Institute to participate in their new employee orientation workshop. Changes/Problems:
Nothing Reported
What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided? Three graduate students worked directly with two wood manufacture's production and control processes (an OSB mill and a particleboard mill). They participated in the mills' daily product quality control, assurance operations, and gained understanding of manufacturing processes and issues. One of the mills was able to reduce consumer complaints by implementing the suggestion to increase the amount of sanding, resulting in an increase in pull off strength. Knowledge gained from university classes were applied to cost effectively help the industry in reducing fines and improving panel strength and other panel qualities. Working with the mills gave the students an opportunity to demonstrate their potential, and as a result, two were offered positions after graduation. This research also allowed university scientists and professionals to work directly with industry to provide expertise in product and process development as well as model development. Various technical-assistance functions were completed, and commercial level interest in novel adhesives was investigated, but no mill trials were performed. The students have been trained in analytical chemistry, resin synthesizing, microscopic analysis and image analysis, and wood microstructure observation training. A total of five graduate students contributed to this research, and conferred degrees: three Ph.D(s),and two MSc(s). One of the MSc. student's is continuing a Ph.D. program of study in this field. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest? At the onset of the project, regional shareholders were polled, invited, and met with, to share their interests and concerns regarding this type of research and objectives. Two graduate students participating in internships with two industrial shareholders, wrote weekly reports, and a summary report at the end of their internships. Those reports have been used to produce presentations and updates. The five graduate students that contributed to this research have written three dissertations, one thesis, journal articles, posters, presentations at national and international conferences, and individually held meetings with participating and interested industrial shareholders. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?
Nothing Reported
Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals?
1. Evaluate the impact of different raw materials on the performance of bio-composite panels: Even distribution of resin onto the big strands on composite panels is the key element in producing oriented strand board (OSB) panels with high strength. The information gained from this research and disseminated to interested parties, urges manufacturers to reduce the generation of fines during panel production and develop different processes of applying resin to strands. Wax application affects the final panel performance, especially panel dimensional stability and wet strength. Limited research has been conducted on the optimization of wax application in composite production. An instrument for optimizing wax application for composite products has been developed through this research, which allows the examination of the wax application parameters (such as pressure, temperature and distance) on the final composite panel performance. In wood composite production, the application of resin to wood elements, is a critical step in determining the final product strength and other panel performance factors. An OSB-blending simulation model has been developed. This model describes how different blending operational parameters (such as blending speed, atomizer position, blender flight height, strand throughput, strand size, and fines content) effect resin spray and resin coverage on strands. This model explaines why the fines have a greater chance of getting more resin, resulting in a lack of resin on the big strands if the resin is not evenly spread across the raw material during panel production. Suggestions about how to reduce fines generation and how to improve blending efficiency using the blending model were identified. A follow up with an industrial mill operation, confirmed that increasing strand thickness significantly decreased mill fines generation. But this tended to increase panel linear expansion and thickness swelling. The surface quality of particleboards made with low formaldehyde emission resin has a tendency of deterioration during the panel hot press. Using different adhesives in the particleboard lamination process resulted in different pull of strengths. Sanding off the surface of the particleboard bonded with low formaldehyde emission resin will improve the pull of strength. After a graduate student's 2014 summer internship (studying an industrial mill's processes), and a change in the mill's particleboard process, one-half year's data was analyzed. Factors affecting particleboard performance was determined by a few operational parameters. Data analysis showed that, for example, when panel thickness varied from 0.5 to 1.125 inch, increasing panel thickness was the number one factor that significantly reduced the formaldehyde emission; increasing hot press densifying position increased the formaldehyde emission. A new bamboo wood composite concept has been developed, indicating that bamboo wood composite has very high molecules of elasticity. During the bending tests, the wood side failure terminated the test due to low compression strength of wood. The research has helped to develop a fast cure phenol formaldehyde (PF) resin with methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (MDI) resin, which has the potential to be used to bond plywood, oriented strand board, particleboard and middle density fiber board, with improved durability and a wider operational window. The concept may also allow more bio-materials to be introduced into resin so that sustainable PF/MDI hybrid resins can be developed. A new glueline design with bonding radial to radial face has been proposed based on experimental data, which has improved the bonding strength as compared to conventional tangential to tangential bonding. The concept also has the potential to improve wet strength of the bonding line, as compared to conventional tangential to tangential bonding. Urea formaldehyde (UF) resins modified with washed cotton seed meal has resulted in improved bonding strength performance. The feasibility of recycling used UF resin has been studied. Through this experiment, we have found that in a cured UF resin, there is a crystal structure, where none was thought to exist. Star sawn composites were developed, non-destructive evaluation was applied to raw materials for cross laminated timber panel manufacture. Pine and sweetgum were used in the manufacture of various composite panels. These were compared against each other. To the investigator's knowledge, commercial actions did not change based on the findings reported herein however changes in knowledge regarding the suitability of sweetgum for additional engineered products may lead to future changes. 2. Study the impact of different ways to recycle different materials on the performance of particleboard and/or MDF panels. These research findings concluded that in recycling urea formaldehyde (UF) resin bonded PB and MDF panels, as well as phenolic resin bonded oriented strand board (OSB) panels, different recycling processes had different impacts on products made from recycled PB, MDF and OSB material. Compared to raw wood material, recycled PB and MDF materials have completely different features and should be handled in different ways. For example, when subjected to three different recycling processes, steam explosion, thermal chemical impregnation, and mechanical hammer-milling, the pH and buffer capacity of recycled PB and MDF furnishes increased and the fiber length decreased. For the recycled OSB, the pH and the fiber length decreased. By grinding and hydrolyzing spent UF resin at approximately 20ºC under acid condition and for about four hours, we have developed a method to recycle urea formaldehyde resin, which makes the large-scale recycling of UF resin bonded particleboard and middle density fiberboard possible. It is not clear however, the extent to which the UF was actually taken apart and reformulated in this process. We further verified that radial to radial face bonding wood will have strong bonding performance and good durability, by comparing the strength of the glue-line made of radial to radial and tangential to tangential bonding. Three invention disclosures have been filed at MSU. 1) recycling agricultural residues: rice stem and rice husk for composite for construction application, 2) using Miscanthus for composite for construction application, and 3) using modified cottonseed meal in UF resin/adhesive. These will help to reduce pollution by processing agricultural residues, reducing greenhouse gas emission, and add value to Miscanthus and cottonseed utilization. These invention disclosures have addressed two issues: 1) how to best use different raw biomaterials to make composites for construction application and 2) how to recycle agricultural residues to make composites for construction application.
Publications
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2018
Citation:
Cheng, Q., Zhou, C., Jiang, W., Zhao, W., Via, B., Wan, H., 2018, Mechanical and Physical Properties of Oriented Strand Board Exposed to High Temperature and Relative Humidity and Coupled with Near-Infrared Reflectance Modeling, Forest Prod. J. 68(1):78-85. DOI: 10.13073/FPJ-D-16-00069
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2014
Citation:
Mao, A., Shmulsky, R., Li, Q., Wan, H., 2014, Recycling Polyurethane Materials: A Comparison of Polyol from Glycolysis with Micronized Polyurethane Powder in Particleboard Applications
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2015
Citation:
Yu, Y.S, Ni, C.Y., Yu, T., Wan, H., 2015, Optimization of Mechanical Properties of Bamboo Plywood, Wood & Fiber Science, 47(1), 2015, pp.109-119
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2019
Citation:
Cao, G., Shmulsky, R., Liu, M., Entsminger, E., Via, B.K., Wan, H., 2019, Characterizing Star-sawn Patern-Producedf and Orthogonally glued Specimens of Southern Pine, Forest Products Journal, 69(1): pp 53-60, 2019
|
Progress 10/01/17 to 09/30/18
Outputs
Target Audience:Students, scientists, corporate business and association executives, policy makers, and industrial people involved in wood science and manufacturing. Changes/Problems:
Nothing Reported
What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?By going through the project, the students have been trained in analytical chemistry, resin synthesizing, microscopic analysis and image analysis, and wood microstructure observation training. One Ph.D student has graduated and employed in a faculty position, continuing to work in wood science and education. A student received a Master's degree and has decided to continue studying in the field in a Ph.D program. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?The results have been disseminated to communities via poster, presentations and paper at national and international conferences. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?Further the project by developing a technolgy package for recycling UF resin bonded composite. Study the impact and performance of adding sweetgum in cross laminated timber (CLT). Try to work with the Food and Agriculture Organization to promote forest products jobs and "green" jobs. Work with the Society of American Forester, Sustainable Forestry Initiative and Society of Wood Science and Technology to help build a sustainable forest products education program.
Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals?
By hydrolyzing used UF resin at a temperature around 120ºC under acid condition and for about four hours, we have developed a method to recycle urea formaldehyde resin, which makes the large scale recycling of UF resin bonded particleboard and middle density fiberboard possible. We further verfied that radial to radial face bonding wood will have strong bonding performance and good durability, by comparing the strength of the glueline made of radial to radial and tengential to tangential bonding.
Publications
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2018
Citation:
Ming Liu, Yan Wang, Yiqiang Wu, Hui Wan. 2018. Hydrolysis and recycling of urea formaldehyde resin residues. Journal of Hazardous Materials. 355 (2018):96-103.
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Awaiting Publication
Year Published:
2018
Citation:
Hui Wan, An Mao, Weitao Xu, Enhua Xi, and Qi Li, Evaluation of Phenol Formaldehyde Resins Modified/Blended with Pyrolysis Bio-oil for Plywood. Forest Products Journal. 2018. https://doi.org/10.13073/FPJ-D-17-00066
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2018
Citation:
Ming Liu, Yan Wang, Yiqiang Wu, Zhongqi He, Hui Wan. 2018. "Greener" adhesives composed of urea-formaldehyde resin and cottonseed meal for wood-based composites. Journal of Cleaner Production. 187 (2018) 361-371.
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2017
Citation:
Ming Liu, Rooban Venkatesh K. G. Thirumalai, Yiqiang Wu and Hui Wan. 2017. Characterization of the crystalline regions of cured urea formaldehyde resin. RSC Adv., 2017, 7, 4953649541.
- Type:
Theses/Dissertations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2018
Citation:
Guangmei Cao, Shear performance of southern pine glued orthogonally with phenol-resorcinol-formaldehyde or polyurethane, Mississippi State University, Master Thesis, 2018.
- Type:
Theses/Dissertations
Status:
Accepted
Year Published:
2018
Citation:
Ming Liu, Mixed used urea formaldehyde and isocyanate resins for wood composites, Mississippi State University, Ph.D. Dissertation, 2018.
|
Progress 10/01/16 to 09/30/17
Outputs
Target Audience:Target audiences: university professors, students, policy makers, business and association and industrial people Efforts: Formal classroom instruction and laboratory instruction in Biocomposite Application and Manufacturing (SBP 4144) class Formal classroom instruction and laboratory instruction in Adhesives and Biocomposites (SBP 4113) class Three posters and one presentation in FPS2017 annual meeting at Starkville, MS., and one presentation at Process Technologies for the Forest & Biobased Products Industries conference, Forest Products Society, St. Simons Inland, Georgia A seminar or lecture on "OSB process control" at Huber national wide via webinar with 15 participants Three papers published Extension and outreach: visited Norbord for OSB process control and visited Winston plywood for summer internship Fire retardant wood composite program has been initiated through the Wood-Based Composites Center (WBC) -an NSF industry/University Cooperative Research Center Together with Department head, hosted the 2017 Forest Products Society International Convention (FPS2017IC) and invited several key note speakers, including Mississippi governor Phil Bryant, to promote forest product industry, education, and research Changes/Problems:
Nothing Reported
What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?Three Ph. D. students and one master student attended the Forest Products Society, 2017 International Conference to share their research findings with others and to learn from others. A Ph. D student attended the International Conference on Wood Adhesives, in Atlanta, Georgia. The graduate student working on the hybrid resin concept, has had the opportunity to use atomic force microscope, confocal, and X-ray diffraction, these advanced technology and instruments to study the resin interactions and developed a method to fast cure PF and MSI resin, which has a potential to improve engineered wood products performance. The graduate student working on a new glueline design has a chance to understand and appreciate differences between different wood surfaces and species, through confocal microscope observation and other experiments. The graduate student working on urea formaldehyde resins modified with washed cotton seed meal, has developed a sense about sustainable manufacturing and learnt how to appreciate the material difference and found a best way to utilize cotton seed meal. The graduate student studying the feasibility of recycling used UF resin, has not only learned of recycling UF resin, but has also found there is a crystal structure in UF resin. This finding may encourage people to study the polymer performance through crystal structure, by providing a new route. It was also found that by using hybrid recycled UF and MDI resin concept, the composite shear strength increased even after water soaking process. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?The results have been disseminated to communities via poster, presentation and paper. The new research ideas have been disseminated to research communities via submitting research proposals to Wood-Based Composite Center, Virginia Tech and responding to questions, concerns and suggestions of the industry. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?Continue researching recycling UF resin for wood composite products. Verify the new bonding line design. Study the possibility of finding crystal structures in PF resin. Find the relationship of crystal structure in UF resin and wood product performance.
Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals?
A Ph. D. student graduated from the project. We have developed a way to fast cure phenol formaldehyde (PF) resin together with methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (MDI) resin, which has the potential to be used to bond plywood, oriented strand board, particleboard and middle density fiber board, with improved durability and wider operational window. The concept may also allow more bio-materials to be introduced into resin so that sustainable PF/MDI hybrid resins can be developed. A new glueline design with bonding radial to radial face has been proposed based on experimental data, which has improved the bonding strength as compared to conventional tangential to tangential bonding. The concept also has the potential to improve wet strength of the bonding line, as compared to conventional tangential to tangential bonding. Urea formaldehyde resins modified with washed cotton seed meal has resulted in improved bonding strength performance. The feasibility of recycling used UF resin has been verified. Through this experiment, we have found that in a cured UF resin, there is a crystal structure. This finding has broken the conventional concept that in a crosslinking polymer, there was no crystal structure.
Publications
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2017
Citation:
Ming Liu, Yiqiang Wu, and Hui Wan. 2017. A new concept of wood bonding design for strength enhanced southern yellow pine wood products. Construction and Building Materials 157 (2017): 694699.
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2017
Citation:
Li, Q., Li, M., Cheng, C., Cao, G., Mao, A. Wan, H. 2017. Adhesives from Polymeric Methylene Diphenyl Diisocyanate Resin and Recycled Polyols for Plywood. Forest Products Journal, Vol. 67, No. 3/4, pp. 275-282.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Other
Year Published:
2017
Citation:
Recycling Particleboard, MDF and OSB: Panels Process Parameter Impacts on Particleboard and MDF Performance at the 71th Forest Products Society International Convention, Starkville, Mississippi (June, 2017)
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Other
Year Published:
2016
Citation:
"Strategies for Reducing Fines in Oriented Strand Board Production," at Process Technologies for the Forest & Biobased Products Industries, Forest Products Society, St. Simons Inland, Georgia (December 2016).
- Type:
Theses/Dissertations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2017
Citation:
Dissertation, Liu, Xiaomei, 2017, "Fast curing phenol formaldehyde and isocyanate based hybrid resin for forest products application". Mississippi State University.
|
Progress 10/01/15 to 09/30/16
Outputs
Target Audience:Forest ProductProfessors and Students, Forest Product Education and Research Policy Makers, and Forest Product and Related Industrial People Changes/Problems:
Nothing Reported
What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?1) MSU students, especially a freshman undergraduate student have been trained in a holistic research field from literature review, research paper writing, interview forest products industry shareholders, presentation preparation, to making presentation, with the help of MSU professors and the guidance from forest products industry people, and helps the industry identify high qualified workforce. 2) It has enabled university education to serve industry needs and provided anopportunity for the student to learn how to conduct process controls based on a real industrial situation. 3) This project has provided me a good opportunity to learn how to conduct extension service and how to satisfy industry needs. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?The research results and information generated have been communicated with, industrial people, professors and students via presentations at a conference, group meeting, papers published, and emails. More specifically: Apresentation entitled "Engineered wood composite and sustainable manufacturing" was made at the international woodworking fair 2016, about a process to develop a resource efficient cross laminated timber and revealed that in the US, especially in the south, an OSB mill normally generated 50% fines, that is, 50% of the southern pine logs used in the southern OSB mill has been turned into waste material. Efforts for developing sustainable manufacturing wood composite process will be continually made. Three presentations about veneer based products have been made in the FPS 2016 international convention and the information has been shared with APA. Invited by Winston plywood and veneer company and Georgia Research Institute, we have participated in the Winston plywood new employees training that lasted one week and repeated twice. I was invited to make a presentation about sustainable manufacturing wood composites. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?Continue to work on improving particle board strength, surface quality. Run the cross laminated timber project. Work with ARS to recycle cotton seed protein for wood composite development Develop solutions to recycle urea formaldehyde resin for PB and MDF.
Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals?
For Objective 1 a) Aliterature review of veneer based plywood engineered lumber products: technology application and undersupplied marketswas divided into three studies: European market, Chinese Market, and the US market studies. Because of wood quality differences in different areas, plywood has a big potential in Europe, plywood and OSB are both popular in the US and plywood is less popular in China. It is recommended that in the US we should invest in wood quality improvement and promote plywood. b) A Ph.D. student has been addressing a mill process control issue. Based on several months' particleboard quality survey, it has been found that the low modulus of rupture and modulus of elasticity of the mill particleboards were due to panel density profile change. The information has been sent to the mill. Discussions with Roseburg company's technical director, Roseburg Taylorsville mill manager and mill technical director indicatethe mill is interested in adjusting the diamond roller screens to change particle orientation to improve panel MOR. The mill has reported the idea to Roseburg HQ. Once the company's HQ has approved the project idea, we will work with them on the project. For Objective 2 a) Two invention disclosures have been filed in MSU. One is for recycling agricultural residues: rice stem and rice husk for composite for construction application and another one is for using Miscanthus for composite for construction application. It will help to reduce the pollution due to process of agricultural residues, reducing greenhouse gas emission, and add value to Miscanthus utilization.These two invention disclosures have addressed two issues: 1) how to best using different raw bio-materials to make composites for construction application and 2) how to recycle agricultural residues to make composites for construction application. These invention disclosures will inspire people to use other different bio-materials for making composite for construction application. It will also challenge people on how to refine bio-materials and on how to bond different bio-materials. b) Together with Agricultural Research Service Scientist Dr. Zhongqi He, we have developed a project of using cotton seed protein as adhesive for plywood and particleboard applications. Preliminary test data have shown that the cotton seed protein has great potential to be used as adhesive for wood composite manufacturing. Further experiment has been designed to verify the data.This project has provided us a chance to expand our forest product research area into utilizing agricultural residues to make composite products more sustainable and better.
Publications
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2016
Citation:
Hui Wan, Joseph Dahlen, Linda Sites, Amy Rowlen, George Miller, Blake McClendon, Ming Liu, Xiaomei Liu, Darrel Nicholas. 2016. Evaluation of the performance of composite wood decking bonded with phenol resorcinol formaldehyde and polyurethane adhesive after accelerated aging tests. Forest Products Society Annual Meeting 2016.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2016
Citation:
Hui Wan. Engineered wood composite and sustainable manufacturing.The International Woodworking Fair 2016.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2016
Citation:
Fred Kurpiel and Hui Wan. Change and Trend in the China Wood Panel Industry-Challenge and Opportunity to US Wood Panel Industry and Research. Panel and Engineered Lumber International Conference and Expo 2016.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2016
Citation:
Yan Wang. 2016. Veneer Based Plywood and Engineered Lumber Products: technology, applications, and undersupplied markets - A review of EU market. Forest Products Society Annual Meeting 2016.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2016
Citation:
Ming Liu. 2016. Literature Review of Veneer Based Plywood and Engineered Lumber Products: technology, applications, and undersupplied markets - A review of China market. Forest Products Society Annual Meeting 2016.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2016
Citation:
Kelly C. Magee. Veneer Based Plywood: Technology & Applications and undersupplied market in US. Forest Products Society Annual Meeting 2016.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2016
Citation:
Fred Kurpiel and Hui Wan. 2016. Future developments in China-US wood panel industry. The 3rd wood based panels world congress. Linyi, China.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2016
Citation:
Ming liu. 2016. Urea modified cottonseed protein adhesive for wood composite products. Forest Products Society Annual Meeting 2016
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2016
Citation:
Xiaomei Liu, Yiqiang Wu, Rubin Shmulsky, Yan Luo, Xiaodong (Alice) Wang, Hui Wan. 2016. Developing Renewable Hybrid Resin System. Part I: Characterization of Polymerization of Isocyanate and Different Molecular Weights Phenolic Resins. BioResources 11(2), 5299-5311.
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2016
Citation:
Xiaodong (Alice) Wang, Olle Hagman, Bror Sundqvist, Sigurdur Ormarsson, Hui Wan, and Peter Niemz. 2016. Shear Strength of Scots Pine Wood and Glued Joints in a Cold Climate. BioResources. 11(1):944-956.
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2015
Citation:
Xiaodong Wang, Olle Hagman, Bror Sundqvist, Sigurdur Ormarsson, Hui Wan & Peter Niemz. 2015. Impact of cold temperatures on the shear strength of Norway spruce joints glued with different adhesives. Eur. J. Wood Prod. DOI 10.1007/s00107-015-0882-4
- Type:
Book Chapters
Status:
Awaiting Publication
Year Published:
2016
Citation:
Zhongqi He and Hui Wan. 2016.Bio-based wood adhesives research: advances and outlooks.
- Type:
Book Chapters
Status:
Awaiting Publication
Year Published:
2016
Citation:
Hui Wan, Zhongqi He, and Xiaomei Liu,. Synthesis of polymers from liquefied biomass and their utilization in wood bonding
- Type:
Book Chapters
Status:
Awaiting Publication
Year Published:
2016
Citation:
An Mao, Zhongqi He, Hui Wan and Qi Li. 2016.Preparation, properties, and bonding utilization of pyrolysis bio-oil.
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2015
Citation:
Fred Kurpiel and Hui Wan. 2015. OSB industry in China gains momentum following lead of first plant at Hubei BaoYuan. Panel World 2015(11):14-20.
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Awaiting Publication
Year Published:
2016
Citation:
Hui Wan, Joseph Dahlen, Linda Sites, Amy Rowlen, George Miller, Blake McClendon, Ming Liu, Xiaomei Liu, Darrel Nicholas. 2016. Evaluation of the performance of composite wood decking bonded with phenol resorcinol formaldehyde and polyurethane adhesive after accelerated Weathering tests. Forest Products Journal.
|
Progress 10/01/14 to 09/30/15
Outputs
Target Audience:Forest Products Professors and Students, Forest Product Education and Research Policy Makers, and Forest Products and RelatedIndustrial People Changes/Problems:
Nothing Reported
What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?1. Provided a graduate student a chance to understand the issue in particleboard manufacturing and quality control. Since the project was initiated by lamination company, it also helps them to understand particleboard manufacturing process. The information was delivered to the particleboard mill and they increased the amount of sanding, resulting in pull of strength increase and reducing the consumer complaint rate. 2. A new bamboo composite concept has been shared with an industrial client. The client has asked MSU to test their product. It is expected that the company will develop new bamboo composite with MSU in the near future. 3. The OSB particleboard mill has provided an assistantship to the student to allow her to start a Ph.D program to address the OSB quality issue. 4. This project has provided an opportunity for a graduate student to learn how to engage industry to work with a university for project development. It will also allow people to understand how resin manufacturing process affects hybrid resin system structure. By communicating with industry about the research needs, it will encourage industry to work with the university to develop new equipment for science, education and new product development. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?The results have been communicated with professors and students via posters and papers published. The information created has been communicated with industry people via emaisl, presentations, and phone calls. Proposals of developing recycling project and educating a high quality work force has been submitted. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?Continue to work on improving OSB strength and dimensional stability. Continue to address particleboard process control and diagnosis, and panel quality issue. Tryto work with Zeiss to identify hybrid resinstructureforhigh performance resin systemdevelopment.
Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals?
1. An experiment run for Cullman Cabinet revealed that the surface quality of particleboards made with low formaldehyde emission resin has had some tendency of deterioration during panel hot press. Using different adhesive in particleboard lamination process resulted in different pull of strengths. Sanding off the surface of the particleboard bonded with low formaldehyde emission resin will improve the pull of strength. 2. A new bamboo and wood composite concept has been developed, indicating that bamboo wood composite have very high molecules of elasticity. During the bending tests, the wood side failure terminated the test due to low compression strength of wood. 3. A follow up survey about the effective way to reduce fines in oriented strand board (OSB) production has been made at Louisiana Pacific (LP) Clarke County OSB mill . Based on the graduate student's summer internship in 2014, a detailed experimental plan was designed together with mill technical representative and shared with the company region manager. Suggestions about how to reduce fines generation and how to improve blending efficiency with blending model were also identified. The follow up mill operation confirmed that increasing strand thickness significantly decreased mill fines generation. But this tended to increase panel linear expansion and thickness swelling. These issues are expected to be addressed in the revised Ph. D student dissertation experimental plan. 4. The same student returned to the LP OSB mill for a 2015 summer internship, focusing on process control and diagnosis. 5. After a second student completed her summer 2014 internship at Roseburg particleboard mill, a follow up work plan was sent to the mill for possible contract and further research. This same student went to the Roseburg particleboard mill for a 2015 summer internship to follow up the work plan drafted in 2014. One half year data was analyzed after the major change in particleboard process made after the 2014 summer internship. Factors affecting particleboard performance was determined by a few operational parameters. Data analysis showed that, for example, when panel thickness varied from 0.5 to 1.125 inch, increasing panel thickness was the number one factor that significantly reduced the formaldehyde emission; increasing hot press densifying position increased the formaldehyde emission. These findings helped the mill understand their processes and encouraged further development with MSU. 6. A presentation about hybrid resin system was made at Society of Wood Science and Technology annual meeting. The purpose of the research was to help students understand the hybrid resin system via X-ray diffraction, Atomic-force microscopy, Transmission electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and confocal laser scanning microscopy, so that they can design a high performance resin system for wood composite. The information was shared with Zeiss, a leader in microscopy for bio medical and materials research, and the company has decided to help us to verify the hypothesis about the hybrid resin system and show the resin structures at nano meter level. The information created could lead to a collaborative project for science, education and new product development. 7. An NSF proposal submission was made titled "Generating cloud data for recycling municipal solid waste (MSW) using wood based composites (WBCs) as the main carriers".The purpose of developing the proposalis to recruit more students and train them to be qualified workforce for forest products industry, through a sustainable/recycling concept.
Publications
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Accepted
Year Published:
2015
Citation:
Liu, X.M., G. Miller, X. D. A. Wang, H, Wan. A tool for evaluating the quality of laminated particleboard counter top. Wood and Fiber Science.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Other
Year Published:
2015
Citation:
Xiaomei Liu. Characterization of Polymerization of Isocyanate Resin and Phenolic Resins with Different Molecular Weights. Part I: Morphology and Structure Analysis, 2015 SWST Annual meeting, Wyoming
- Type:
Other
Status:
Other
Year Published:
2015
Citation:
Berry, Ross, Understand Material: The Creation of a Hybrid Wood using a Phenol-Resorcinol-Formaldehyde (PRF) Resin between Bamboo and Southern Pine Composite. A poster for Mississippi State University undergraduate student symposium by Ross Berry.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Other
Year Published:
2015
Citation:
Tackett, B., Butler, D., Mitchell, B., Wan, H., New tools (wax spray system and OSB blender model) for wood composite production & research, Department of Sustainable Bioproducts, Mississippi State University, USA
A poster for FPS 69th International Convention
|
Progress 07/01/14 to 09/30/14
Outputs
Target Audience: University professors, students, policy makers and industrial people Changes/Problems:
Nothing Reported
What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided? This funding enabled one graduate student to work directly with Louisiana Pacific Corp OSB mill from June 23 to August 11,2014. A second graduate student interned at a Roseburg particleboard mill from July 15 to August 17, 2014. Both students participated in the mills' daily product quality control and assurance operations. By working hands-on at the mills for about 6 weeks, the students learned about real industrial life. Since one of the students has a background in furniture manufacturing, the summer internship also provided the opportunity to explain the needs of furniture manufacturers more directly in terms of PB qualities. Knowledge gained from university classes were applied to cost effectively help the industry in reducing fines and improving panel strength and other panel qualities. Working with the mills gave the students an opportunity to demonstrate great potential and work quality. Both mills have asked the two students to return to work at those sites upon graduation and receipt of terminal degrees. This research funding also allowed university professionals to work directly with the industry to provide expertise in product and process development as well as model development. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest? At the beginning of this project and before a new product concept was developed, in-person meetings and email exchanges were conducted to ensure that the shareholders' (i.e. Kengro Corp and Cullman Cabinet & Supply) interests and concerns were being addressed in the experimental and test protocols. When the experiments/tests were completed, shareholders were invited to visit MSU to witness how the product prototypes were made. Project results and conclusions were emailed directly to the associated company for assessing the process before further development. Student interns working in other mills were asked to write weekly reports detailing contributions in the mills. By reviewing the reports together with the students and the mill managers or research scientists, any new ideas and suggestions for improving product strength and other qualities were rapidly shared. In addition, research professionals visited the mills during the student summer internship period to give presentations on how to cost effectively improve panel strength using cutting-edge research findings. When internships were completed at the mills, students wrote a summary report to wrap up the program. These reports were sent to the respective mills for review to ensure that nothing related to the mills' confidentiality was included; thus protecting the mills' interests. This exercise gave both the students and mills the opportunity to reflect on accomplishments during the internship. Next steps were evaluated. At the completion of these summer internships, one mill requested a research project proposal in which departmental personnel would assist in determining the most cost effective way to enhance the properties of manufactured panels. Students presented individual experiences within the mills at the Forest Products Society MSU student chapter monthly meeting. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals? Developing strategies to cost effectively enhance bio-composite product performance actually is, in reality, developing a sustainable manufacturing environment for society. This is crucial to the consumers and necessitates our attention as a society. With the assumption that bio-composite products are the best vehicles for carrying out the sustainable manufacturing concept, researchers will seek to develop an international program to recycle municipal waste from landfill sites for the manufacture of composite products to be used in building construction applications. By working together with the Forest Products Society (FPS), based on the platform of the FPS Southeastern/Mid-South section, a national message that using limited resources efficiently will be the key to the sustainable development of any entity will be sent. If used appropriately, disposed PB, MDF and OSB panels are precious recycleable resources for the composite industry. With the NIFA fund support, a proposal to a national fund agent for the development of optimized solutions to recycle used wood composite panels will be submitted. The goal will be to raise social awareness with regards to the significance of proper recycling methods. In addition, articles will be published to demonstrate the impact of different recycling methods on final product performance. A graduate student will work on improving OSB strength and dimensional stability costs effectively as part of a dissertation. This academic research will be closely aligned with industrial and societal needs. Research will continue to engage stakeholders to assist in developing ways to improve PB panel MOR, development of optimal blending strategies to improve OSB panel MOR, and developing new products with low density and high strength features.
Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals?
In this reporting year, a poster explaining the significance of recycling particleboard (PB) and medium density fiberboard (MDF) was presented at a the World Conference on Timber Engineering conducted jointly with the 68th Forest Products Society (FPS) International Convention in Quebec, Canada. From this a research and presentation, a paper describing the characteristics of recycled wood composite panels has been submitted for publication. Dissemination of research in these venues denotes that a very successful recycling program is functioning in North America and further encourages industry leaders to take the path of the sustainable development as new products are manufactured. These research findings concluded that in recycling urea formaldehyde resin bonded PB and MDF panels, as well as phenolic resin bonded oriented strand board (OSB) panels, different recycling processes had different impacts on products made from recycled PB, MDF and OSB material. Compared to raw wood material, recycled PB and MDF materials have completely different features and should be handled in different ways. For example, when subjected to three different recycling processes, steam explosion, thermal chemical impregnation, and mechanical hammer-milling, the pH and buffer capacity of recycled PB and MDF furnishes increased and the fiber length decreased. For the recycled OSB, the pH and the fiber length decreased. For the first time, this finding explains why that in normal PB and MDF mills where a normal recycling process is used, issues with newly manufactured panel properties from the recycled materials arise. The hammer-milling of recycled PB was less likely to break particles down into sizes less than 1 mm 2. Since the pH and dimensions of wood furnishes effect both panel manufacturing processes and panel performance, research to find solutions to address these issues should be considered. In wood composite production, how resin is applied to wood elements is a critical step that determines the final product strength and other panel performance factors. Unfortunately, the blending step is unfamiliar to most wood composite manufacturers. Lack of this knowledge leaves a gap in the optimization of the blending process and final panel performance. To address this shortcoming, an OSB-blending simulation model has been developed. This model describes how different blending operational parameters (such as blending speed, atomizer position, blender flight height, strand throughput, strand size, and fines content) effect resin spray and resin coverage on strands. Again, for the first time, this model explained why the fines have a greater chance of getting more resin; thus, resulting in a lack of resin on the big strands. The resin is not evenly spread across the raw material during panel production. Even distribution of resin onto the big strands is the key element in producing OSB panels with high strength. The information disseminated urges manufacturers to reduce the generation of fines during panel production and develop different processes of applying resin to strands. Videos about blending simulations have been sent to several OSB companies to assist in process and product improvement. An instrument for optimizing wax application for composite products has been developed. Literature has shown that wax application affects final panel performance, especially panel dimensional stability and wet strength. It seems untrue, but research has not been conducted on the optimization of wax application in composite production. The instrument developed through research allows the examination of the wax application parameters (such as pressure, temperature and distance) on the final composite panel performance. Assistance has been provided to Cullman Cabinet & Supply on the improvement of laminated countertop quality using particleboard (PB). Two prototype products have been developed for Kengro Corp. Two students were sent to mills to help wood composite industry to improve panel strength. The significance summer internships includes giving the students a chance to get to know the industry while providing assistance directly with product and process improvement applying state-of-the-art information. It also reassures the industry that universities are, have been, and will always be the most reliable source in helping to address technical and work force issues.
Publications
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Submitted
Year Published:
2014
Citation:
Hui Wan, Xiang-Ming Wang, Alpha Barry,and Jun Shen. 2014 Recycling Wood Composite Panels: Characterizing Recycled Materials. BioResources.
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