Source: UNIV OF MINNESOTA submitted to NRP
PREVENTION OF BREAST CANCER BY A GREEN TEA EXTRACT
Sponsoring Institution
National Institute of Food and Agriculture
Project Status
COMPLETE
Funding Source
HATCH
Reporting Frequency
Annual
Accession No.
1003114
Grant No.
(N/A)
Cumulative Award Amt.
(N/A)
Proposal No.
(N/A)
Multistate No.
(N/A)
Project Start Date
Oct 1, 2014
Project End Date
Sep 30, 2017
Grant Year
(N/A)
Program Code
[(N/A)]- (N/A)
Recipient Organization
UNIV OF MINNESOTA
(N/A)
ST PAUL,MN 55108
Performing Department
Food Science & Nutrition
Non Technical Summary
We will evaluate the breast cancer preventive effects of a green tea extract in about 950 postmenopausal women, who will be divided up into three groups varying with respect to how they break down green tea catechins, the substances in the extract that are thought to be cancer preventive. They will be divided into six groups: green tea/low metabolizers; placebo/low metabolizers; green tea/intermediate metabolizers; placebo/intermediate metabolizers; green tea/high metabolizers; and placebo/high metabolizers. The participants will be women who are at elevated risk of breast cancer due to high breast density. They will consume either green tea extract or placebo capsules daily for 12 months. Blood and urine will be collected before, during and after the study for evaluation of a number of substances and physical characteristics that are associated with breast cancer risk: reproductive hormones, IGF axis proteins, oxidative stress, and mammographic density. We predict that green tea consumption will lower these markers, in a direction associated with reduced breast cancer risk, and that the effect will be greatest in the low metabolizers, who will be exposed to higher levels of catechins.
Animal Health Component
25%
Research Effort Categories
Basic
75%
Applied
25%
Developmental
0%
Classification

Knowledge Area (KA)Subject of Investigation (SOI)Field of Science (FOS)Percent
70222341010100%
Knowledge Area
702 - Requirements and Function of Nutrients and Other Food Components;

Subject Of Investigation
2234 - Tea;

Field Of Science
1010 - Nutrition and metabolism;
Goals / Objectives
The major goals of this project are to evaluate the breast cancer preventive effects of a green tea extract by performing a randomized, double blind, clinical study in which we provide either green tea extract or placebo to over 900 women for one year each. We will evaluate a number of intermediate biomarkers for breast cancer, including reproductve hormones, oxidative stress, IGF axis proteins, and mammographic density.
Project Methods
A phase II, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel arm clinical trial will be performed. About 950 women will be randomized by COMT genotype into one of six groups: green tea extract (homozygous low COMT); green tea extract (homozygous high COMT); green tea extract (heterozygous COMT); placebo (low COMT); placebo (high COMT); and placebo (heterozygous COMT). The approximate distribution of the three genotypes is 25% homozygous low, 25% homozygous high, and 50% heterozygous. The subjects will consume either green tea extract or placebo capsules daily for 12 months. Blood and urine will be collected before, during and after the trial for evaluation of reproductive hormones and SHBG, IGF axis proteins, F-2 isoprostanes, mammographic density, tea catechins and liver enzymes. The study will begin within three months of the baseline mammogram.

Progress 10/01/14 to 09/30/17

Outputs
Target Audience:The main audience reached by our efforts during this reporting period is the scientific community, reached through peer reviewed papers and talks at scientific conferences. In addition, the public was reached through interviews with the media leading to articles in the lay press. Changes/Problems:The major change was to modify our recruitment goals based on feasibility. We changed our recruitment plan to aim for recruitment of 919 participants, with the anticipated feasibie breakdown of high and low activity genotype within that number. This meant a reduction in the recruitment of high acitivty participants, and an increase in recruitment of intermediate activity participants. Power calculations were redone, all reporting requirements were met, and all changes were approved. What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?Two doctoral students and two master's students received their degrees from work performed on the Minnesota Green Tea Trial. In addition, one postdoctoral fellow and 10 undergraduate students were trained. Students presented their work at eight national scientific conferences. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?A number of scientific papers have been published and submitted for publication from the principal investigator's research program. In addition, the principal investigator has spoken at a number of scientific meetings about her research program. She presented seminars at the Trans-NIH American Indian/Alaska Native/Native Hawaiian Interest Group, presented on First Annual Conference on Native American Nutrition, the NIH Office of Dietary Supplements, Dietary Supplement Research Practicum, the Institute on Science for Global Policy conference on "Equitable, Sustainable, and Healthy Food Environments," Coffman Condominium, Saint Paul, the Kiwanis Club of Saint Paul, Institute of Food Technologists annual meeting, National Cancer Institute Cancer Prevention Fellowship seminar series, Cargill Foundation Early Childhood Nutrition Roundtable,38th Annual National Food Policy Conference (Washington, DC),invited lectures in Karachi, Lohore and Islamabad, Pakistan, J Robert Brunner speaker at Michigan State University. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals? Nothing Reported

Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals? The main impacts of this project stemmed from the fact that the Minnesota Green Tea Trial was the largest and longest clinical trial ever performed with green tea. As a result, we were able to definitively answer some controversial questions regarding green tea supplement consumption. For example, despite the fact that many supplements are marketed for weight loss, we showed that green tea supplements that do not contain caffeine do not cause weight loss. In addition, we conclusively showed that green tea supplements exert beneficial effects on blood lipids, and we clarified the adverse events of green tea, which are limited to hepatotoxicity in a small sub-population. We completed the dietary intervention and followed all required regulatory procedures with the FDA, the NIH, the University of Minnesota IRB, the University of Minnesota Cancer Protocol Review Committee, and the Data Safety and Monitoring Board. We completed the analysis of biological samples. During this past year, one post-doctoral fellow has been trained and numerous media interviews and scientific talks have been given. We have continued publishing papers on the green tea trial, as well as a number of other papers related to diet and breast cancer prevention, performed in collaboration with other researchers around the United States. Our major scientific findings were: 1. There were no effects of green tea consumption on mammographic density or IGF axis proteins. 2. Green tea increased total, bioavailable and free estradiol, increased total, bioavailable and free testosterone, and decreased the ratio of testosterone to estradiol. There were no effects of GTE on urinary estradiol, estrone, or methoxy estrogens, although green tea decreased urinary estriol, increased 16-alpha OH estrone and 2OH estrone, and had no effects on the ratio of the two. Given the small effects and doubtful clinical relevance of these effects, we concluded that hormonal"effects are not likely to mediate the cancer preventive effects of green tea. 3. There were no effects of green tea on body weight, BMI, fat mass, % body fat, leptin, adiponectin or ghrelin. Dietary supplements comprised mainly of green tea extracts should not be recommended to the public for weight control. 4. Green tea lowered insulin and insulin resistance (as measured by HOMA), although there were no effects on blood glucose. The greatest effect was in participants with higher baseline insulin levels. 5. There was a trend toward reduction in visceral adipose tissue in participants consuming green tea, as well as a reduction in total and LDL cholesterol, greatest in those with high baseline cholesterol. Thus, green tea extract may benefit those with poor insulin resistance and high cholesterol. 6. We also reported that 2-Phenethyl isothiocyanate (PEITC), a natural product found as a conjugate in watercress and other cruciferous vegetables, is an inhibitor of the metabolic activation and lung carcinogenicity of the tobacco carcinogen 4- (methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK) in humans. This suggests a dietary method for reducing lung cancer risk in smokers. 7. We reported that a diet that exceeds daily recommended intake of fat and that falls short of recommended intakes of fiber, folate, and vitamin D was associated with increased leg pain and walking difficulty in patients with peripheral arterial disease. Increased body fat and waist circumference were associated with diminished walking ability and poorer psychosocial quality of life. 8. We reported a dose-response effects of aerobic exercise on estrogen (exercise reduced estrogen levels) among women at high risk for breast cancer. This suggests a mechanism by which exercise may reduce breast cancer risk, and is evidence supporting clinical recommendations of regular exercise for women at high risk of breast cancer. 9. In a cross-sectional study of 319 young women with regular menstrual cycles, we reported that SHBG was negatively associated with bioavailable T and positively associated with adiponectin, associations that were independent from other parameters. SHBG was also positively associated with estrone sulfate, but only when taking into account confounding variables. Unexpectedly, there was no straightforward relationship between SHBG and insulin resistance according to homeostasis-model assessment. These results highlight the link between androgen action, as reflected by bioavailable T, and circulating SHBG concentrations in all premenopausal women and speak to the importance of the relationship between SHBG and adiponectin, which is at least in part independent from androgen action. 10. We also published results on quality of life in the women in the Minnesota Green Tea Trial, estrogen metabolism in lung tissue, weight loss effects in breast cancer survivors, and the relationship between oxidative stress and dietary glycemic load.

Publications

  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2017 Citation: Dostal AM, Arikawa A, Espejo L, Bedell S, Kurzer MS, and Stendell-Hollis NR. (2017) Green tea extract and catechol-O-methyltransferase genotype modify the post-prandial serum insulin response in a randomised trial of overweight and obese post-menopausal women. J Hum Nutr Diet, 30, 166176, doi: 10.1111/jhn.12408
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2017 Citation: Arikawa Y, Samavat H, Gross M, and Kurzer MS. (2017) Plasma F2-isoprostanes are positively associated with glycemic load, but inversely associated with dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids and insoluble fiber in postmenopausal women. J Nutr 147(9): 1693-1699.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2017 Citation: Samavat H, Ursin G, Emory TH, Lee E, Wang R, Torkelson CJ, Dostal AM, Swenson K, Le CT, Yang CS, Yu MC, Yee D, Wu AH, Yuan JM, and Kurzer MS. (2017) A randomized controlled trial of green tea extract supplementation and mammographic density in postmenopausal women at increased risk of breast cancer. Cancer Prev Res, Sep 13.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2017 Citation: Yu Z, Samavat H, Dostal A, Wang R, Torkelson C, Yang C, Butler L, Kensler T, Wu A, Kurzer M, and Yuan JM. (2017) Effect of Green Tea Supplements on Liver Enzyme Elevation: Results from a Randomized Intervention Study in the United States. Cancer Prev Res 10(10):571-579.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2017 Citation: Arikawa AY, Kaufman BC, Raatz SK, and Kurzer MS. (2018) Effects of a parallel-arm randomized controlled weight loss pilot study on biological and psychosocial parameters of overweight and obese breast cancer survivors. Pilot and Feasibility Studies 4:17.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Awaiting Publication Year Published: 2017 Citation: Clapper ML, Peng J, Meireles S, Xu X, Smith W, Slifker M, Riel S, Shumenghui Z, Zhang G, Ma X, Kurzer M, and GX Ma. Estrogen metabolism in the human lung: impact of tumorigenesis, smoke, sex, and race/ethnicity. Oncotarget, in press.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Awaiting Publication Year Published: 2017 Citation: Dostal AM, Torkelson CJ, Finstad D, and Kurzer MS. Quality of life assessment among postmenopausal women enrolled in the Minnesota Green Tea Trial. Maturitas, in press.


Progress 10/01/15 to 09/30/16

Outputs
Target Audience:The main audience reached by our efforts during this reporting period is the scientific community, reached through peer reviewed papers and talks at scientific conferences. In addition, the public was reached through interviews with the media leading to articles in the lay press. Changes/Problems: Nothing Reported What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?We trained one postdoctoral fellow and one undergraduate student during this time. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?A number of scientific papers have been published and submitted for publication from the principal investigator's research program. In addition, the principal investigator has spoken at a number of scientific meetings about her research program. She presented seminars at the Trans-NIH American Indian/Alaska Native/Native Hawaiian Interest Group, presented on First Annual Conference on Native American Nutrition, the Office of Dietary Supplements, NIH, Dietary Supplement Research Practicum, the Institute on Science for Global Policy conference on "Equitable, Sustainable, and Healthy Food Environments," the NIH Office of Dietary Supplements, and Coffman Condominium, Saint Paul. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?During the next reporting period, we will submit an additional 5-10 publications containing the results of the study.

Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals? We completed the dietary intervention and followed all required regulatory procedures with the FDA, the NIH, the University of Minnesota IRB, the University of Minnesota Cancer Protocol Review Committee, and the Data Safety and Monitoring Board. We completed the analysis of biological samples. During this past year, one post-doctoral fellow has been trained and numerous media interviews and scientific talks have been given. We have continued publishing papers on the green tea trial, as well as a number of other papers related to diet and breast cancer prevention, performed in collaboration with other researchers around the United States. Our major scientific findings were: 1. There were no effects of green tea consumption on mammographic density or IGF axis proteins. 2. Green tea increased total, bioavailable and free estradiol, increased total, bioavailable and free testosterone, and decreased the ratio of testosterone to estradiol. There were no effects of GTE on urinary estradiol, estrone, or methoxy estrogens, although green tea decreased urinary estriol, increased 16-alpha OH estrone and 2OH estrone, and had no effects on the ratio of the two. Given the small effects and doubtful clinical relevance of these effects, we concluded that hormonal"effects are not likely to mediate the cancer preventive effects of green tea. 3. There were no effects of green tea on body weight, BMI, fat mass, % body fat, leptin, adiponectin or ghrelin. Dietary supplements comprised mainly of green tea extracts should not be recommended to the public for weight control. 4. Green tea lowered insulin and insulin resistance (as measured by HOMA), although there were no effects on blood glucose. The greatest effect was in participants with higher baseline insulin levels. 5. There was a trend toward reduction in visceral adipose tissue in participants consuming green tea, as well as a reduction in total and LDL cholesterol, greatest in those with high baseline cholesterol. Thus, green tea extract may benefit those with poor insulin resistance and high cholesterol. 6. We also reported that 2-Phenethyl isothiocyanate (PEITC), a natural product found as a conjugate in watercress and other cruciferous vegetables, is an inhibitor of the metabolic activation and lung carcinogenicity of the tobacco carcinogen 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK) in humans. This suggests a dietary method for reducing lung cancer risk in smokers. 7. We reported that a diet that exceeds daily recommended intake of fat and that falls short of recommended intakes of fiber, folate, and vitamin D was associated with increased leg pain and walking difficulty in patients with peripheral arterial disease. Increased body fat and waist circumference were associated with diminished walking ability and poorer psychosocial quality of life. 8. We reported a dose-response effects of aerobic exercise on estrogen (exercise reduced estrogen levels) among women at high risk for breast cancer. This suggests a mechanism by which exercise may reduce breast cancer risk, and is evidence supporting clinical recommendations of regular exercise for women at high risk of breast cancer. 9. In a cross-sectional study of 319 young women with regular menstrual cycles, we reported that SHBG was negatively associated with bioavailable T and positively associated with adiponectin, associations that were independent from other parameters. SHBG was also positively associated with estrone sulfate, but only when taking into account confounding variables. Unexpectedly, there was no straightforward relationship between SHBG and insulin resistance according to homeostasis-model assessment. These results highlight the link between androgen action, as reflected by bioavailable T, and circulating SHBG concentrations in all premenopausal women and speak to the importance of the relationship between SHBG and adiponectin, which is at least in part independent from androgen action.

Publications

  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2015 Citation: Samavat H, Dostal AM, Wang R, Bedell S, Emory TH, Ursin G, Torkelson CJ, Gross MD, Le CT, Yu MC, Yang CS, Yee D, Wu AH, Yuan J-M and Kurzer MS. (2015) The Minnesota Green Tea Trial (MGTT), a randomized controlled trial of the efficacy of green tea extract on biomarkers of breast cancer risk: Study rationale, design, methods, and participant characteristics. Cancer Causes and Control 26 (10): 1405-1419.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2015 Citation: Crawford TN, Arikawa AY, Kurzer MS, Schmitz KH, and Phipps WR. (2015) Cross-sectional study of factors influencing sex hormone-binding globulin concentrations in normal cycling premenopausal women. Fertil Steril 104 (6): 1544-1551.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2015 Citation: Schmitz KH, Williams NI, Kontos D, Domchek S, Morales KH, Hwang W-T, Grant LL, DiGiovanni L, Salavatore D, Fenderson D, Schnall M, Galantino ML, Stopfer J, Kurzer MS, Wu S, Adelman J, Brown JC, Good J. (2015) Dose response effects of aerobic exercise on estrogen among women at high risk for breast cancer: a randomized controlled trial. Br Cancer Res Treat 154:309318.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2016 Citation: Dostal A, Samavat H, Espejo L. Arikawa A, Stendell-Hollis NR, and Kurzer MS. (2016) Green tea extract and catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) genotype modify fasting serum insulin and plasma adiponectin concentrations in a randomized controlled trial of overweight and obese postmenopausal women. J Nutr 146(1): 38-45.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2016 Citation: Brostow DP, Hirsch AT, Pereira MA, Bliss RL, and Kurzer MS. (2016) Nutritional status and body composition in patients with peripheral arterial disease: a cross-sectional examination of disease severity and quality of life. Ecology of Food and Nutrition, Jan-Feb;55(1):87-109.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2016 Citation: Dostal AM, Arikawa A, Espejo L, and Kurzer MS. (2016) Long-term supplementation of green tea extract does not modify adiposity or bone mineral density in overweight and obese postmenopausal women. J Nutr 146:25664.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2016 Citation: Yuan J-M, Stepanov I, Murphy SE, Wang R, Allen S, Jensen J, Strayer L, Adams-Haduch J, Upadhyaya P, Le C, Kurzer MS, Nelson HH, Yu MC, Hatsukami D, and Hecht SS. (2016) Clinical Trial of 2-Phenethyl Isothiocyanate as an Inhibitor of Metabolic Activation of a Tobacco-Specific Lung Carcinogen in Cigarette Smokers. Cancer Prev Res. 9(5); 396405.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Awaiting Publication Year Published: 2016 Citation: Dostal AM, Arikawa A, Espejo L, Bedell S, Kurzer MS, and Stendell-Hollis NR. (2016) Green tea extract and catechol-O-methyltransferase genotype modify the post-prandial serum insulin response in a randomised trial of overweight and obese post-menopausal women. J Hum Nutr Diet, 2016 Sep 7. doi: 10.1111/jhn.12408. [Epub ahead of print]
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2016 Citation: Samavat H, Newman AR, Wang R, Yuan J-M, Wu AH, and Kurzer MS. (2016) Effects of green tea catechin extract on serum lipids in postmenopausal women: a randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Am J Clin Nutr 104(6): 1671-1682.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Accepted Year Published: 2016 Citation: Hecht SS, Yuan J-M, Stepanov I, Murphy SE, Wang R, Allen S, Jensen J, Strayer L, Adams-Haduch J, Upadhyaya P, Le C, Kurzer MS, Nelson HH, Yu MC, and Hatsukami D. (2016) Clinical trial of 2-phenethyl isothiocyanate as an inhibitor of metabolic activation of a tobacco-specific lung carcinogen in cigarette smokers. Cancer Prev Res, in press.


Progress 10/01/14 to 09/30/15

Outputs
Target Audience:The main audience reached by our efforts during this reporting period is the scientific community, reached through peer reviewed papers and talks at scientific conferences. In addition, the public was reached through interiews with the media leading to articles in the lay press. Changes/Problems: Nothing Reported What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?Two doctoral students, two master's students, and over five undergraduate students have been trained this past year. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?A number of scientific papers have been published and submitted for publication from the principal investigator's research program. In addition, the principal investigator has spoken at a number of scientific meetings about her research program. She presented seminars at the NIH Office of Dietary Supplements; two local groups (Coffman Condominium, Saint Paul, and Kiwanis Club of Saint Paul; Institute of Food Technologists meeting; National Cancer Institute Cancer Prevention Fellowship seminar series, Cargill Foundation Early Childhood Nutrition Roundtable, 38th Annual National Food Policy Conference; Food Access Summit, Duluth, MN; and a series of seminars in Lahore, Islamabad, and Karachi Pakistan. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?During the next reporting period, we will complete analysis of biological samples and data, and we will submit an additional 5-10 publications containing the results of the study.

Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals? We completed the dietary intervention and followed all required regulatory procedures with the FDA, the NIH, the University of Minnesota IRB, the University of Minnesota Cancer Protocol Review Committee, and the Data Safety and Monitoring Board. We began the analysis of biological samples. During this past year, two doctoral students and one master's student completed their final defenses. One post-doctoral fellow has been trained and over 5 undergraduate students. In addition, numerous media interviews and scientific talks have been given. Our major scientific findings were: 1. Green tea extract consumption increased nausea (10% vs 5%), skin symptoms (3.4% vs 1.5%), and liver enzymes (4.1% vs 0.7% grade 1; 1.3% grade 2; 1.1% grade 3; 0.2% grade 4). We conclude that it is safe for healthy people, although there is a small subgroup of people who should not take GTE at this level, due to liver toxicity. This should be further studied in order to identify those people who might be harmed by green tea extract consumption. 2. There were no effects of green tea consumption on mammographic density or IGF axis proteins. 3. Green tea increased total, bioavailable and free estradiol, increased total, bioavailable and free testosterone, and decreased the ratio of testosterone to estradiol. There were no effects of GTE on urinary estradiol, estrone, or methoxy estrogens, although green tea decreased urinary estriol, increased 16-alpha OH estrone and 2OH estrone, and had no effects on the ratio of the two. Given the small effects and doubtful clinical relevance of these effects, we concluded that hormonal effects are not likely to mediate the cancer preventive effects of green tea. 4. There were no effects of green tea on body weight, BMI, fat mass, % body fat, leptin, adiponectin or ghrelin. Dietary supplements comprised mainly of green tea extracts should not be recommended to the public for weight control. 5. Green tea lowered insulin and insulin resistance (as measured by HOMA), although there were no effects on blood glucose. The greatest effect was in participants with higher baseline insulin levels. 6. There was a trend toward reduction in visceral adipose tissue in participants consuming green tea, as well as a reduction in total and LDL cholesterol, greatest in those with high baseline cholesterol. Thus, green tea extract may benefit those with poor insulin resistance and high cholesterol.

Publications

  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2015 Citation: Arikawa AY, Jakits HE, Flood A, Thomas W, Gross M, Schmitz KH and Kurzer MS. (2015) Consumption of a high glycemic load but not high glycemic index diet is marginally associated with oxidative stress in young women. Nutr Res 35(1): 7-13. PMCID: PMC4282943.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2015 Citation: Samavat H and Kurzer MS. (2015) Estrogen Metabolism and Cancer. Cancer Lett 356(2): 231243.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2015 Citation: Alekel DL, Genschel U, Koehler KJ, Hofmann H, Van Loan MD, Beer BS, Hanson LN, Peterson CT, and Kurzer MS. (2015) Soy Isoflavones for Reducing Bone Loss (SIRBL) Study: Effect of a three-year trial on hormones, adverse events, and endometrial thickness in postmenopausal women. Menopause 22(2): 185-97. PMCID: PMC4286538.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2015 Citation: Schmitz KH, Williams NI, Kontos D, Kurzer MS, Schnall M, Domchek S, Stopfer J, Galantino ML, Hwang W-T, Morales K, Wu S, DiGiovanni L, Salvatore D, Fenderson D, Good J, Grant L, Bryan CJ and Adelman J. (2015) Women In Steady Exercise Research (WISER) Sister: Study Design and Methods. Contemp Clin Trials 41C: 17-30.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2015 Citation: Dostal AM, Samavat H, Bedell S, Torkelson C, Wang R, Swenson K, Le C, Wu AH, Ursin G, Yuan J-M, Kurzer MS. (2015) The safety of green tea extract supplementation in postmenopausal women at risk for breast cancer: results of the Minnesota Green Tea Trial. Food Chem Toxicol 83: 26-35. [doi: 10.1016/j.fct.2015.05.019]
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2015 Citation: Samavat H, Dostal AM, Wang R, Bedell S, Emory TH, Ursin G, Torkelson CJ, Gross MD, Le CT, Yu MC, Yang CS, Yee D, Wu AH, Yuan J-M and Kurzer MS. (2015) The Minnesota Green Tea Trial (MGTT), a randomized controlled trial of the efficacy of green tea extract on biomarkers of breast cancer risk: Study rationale, design, methods, and participant characteristics. Cancer Causes and Control 26 (10): 1405-1419. [doi:10.1007/s10552-015-0632-2]
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2015 Citation: Brostow DP, Hirsh AT, Kurzer MS. (2015) Recruiting older patients with peripheral arterial disease: evaluating challenges and strategies. Patient Preference and Adherance 9: 1121-1128. http://dx.doi.org/10.2147/PPA.S83306
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2015 Citation: Crawford TN, Arikawa AY, Kurzer MS, Schmitz KH, and Phipps WR. (2015) Cross-sectional study of factors influencing sex hormone-binding globulin concentrations in normal cycling premenopausal women. Fertil Steril 104 (6) 1544-1551. doi: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2015.08.040.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2015 Citation: Schmitz KH, Williams NI, Kontos D, Domchek S, Morales KH, Hwang W-T, Grant LL, DiGiovanni L, Salavatore D, Fenderson D, Schnall M, Galantino ML, Stopfer J, Kurzer MS, Wu S, Adelman J, Brown JC, Good J. (2015) Dose response effects of aerobic exercise on estrogen among women at high risk for breast cancer: a randomized controlled trial. Br Cancer Res Treat 154:309318.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2015 Citation: Dostal A, Samavat H, Espejo L. Arikawa A, Stendell-Hollis NR, and Kurzer MS. Green tea extract and catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) genotype modify fasting serum insulin and plasma adiponectin concentrations in a randomized controlled trial of overweight and obese postmenopausal women. J Nutr, November 18, 2015 as doi: 10.3945/jn.115.222414
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Accepted Year Published: 2015 Citation: Brostow DP, Hirsch AT, Pereira MA, Bliss RL, and Kurzer MS. Nutritional status and body composition in patients with peripheral arterial disease: a cross-sectional examination of disease severity and quality of life. Ecology of Food and Nutrition, in press.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Accepted Year Published: 2015 Citation: Dostal AM, Arikawa A, Espejo L, and Kurzer MS. Long-term supplementation of green tea extract does not modify adiposity or bone mineral density in overweight and obese postmenopausal women. J Nutr, in press.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Accepted Year Published: 2015 Citation: Hecht SS, Yuan J-M, Stepanov I, Murphy SE, Wang R, Allen S, Jensen J, Strayer L, Adams-Haduch J, Upadhyaya P, Le C, Kurzer MS, Nelson HH, Yu MC, and Hatsukami D. Clinical trial of 2-phenethyl isothiocyanate as an inhibitor of metabolic activation of a tobacco-specific lung carcinogen in cigarette smokers. Cancer Prev Res, in press.