Source: UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA submitted to NRP
IMPROVING QUALITY AND REDUCING LOSSES IN SPECIALTY FRUIT CROPS THROUGH STORAGE TECHNOLOGIES
Sponsoring Institution
National Institute of Food and Agriculture
Project Status
COMPLETE
Funding Source
HATCH
Reporting Frequency
Annual
Accession No.
1002751
Grant No.
(N/A)
Cumulative Award Amt.
(N/A)
Proposal No.
(N/A)
Multistate No.
NE-1336
Project Start Date
Apr 9, 2014
Project End Date
Sep 30, 2018
Grant Year
(N/A)
Program Code
[(N/A)]- (N/A)
Recipient Organization
UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA
G022 MCCARTY HALL
GAINESVILLE,FL 32611
Performing Department
Horticultural Science
Non Technical Summary
These studies are designed to develop improved technologies for storage of horticultural crops after harvest. The use of ethylene-action inhibitors will provide for longer postharvest shelf life and also enable fruits to be harvested at more advanced stages of development, ensuring higher quality during storage and retail presentation. Analysis of alternative cell death pathways in harvested crops and in response to storage stress should lead to storage or treatment protocols specifically designed to delay these processes.
Animal Health Component
20%
Research Effort Categories
Basic
80%
Applied
20%
Developmental
(N/A)
Classification

Knowledge Area (KA)Subject of Investigation (SOI)Field of Science (FOS)Percent
50310991020100%
Knowledge Area
503 - Quality Maintenance in Storing and Marketing Food Products;

Subject Of Investigation
1099 - Tropical/subtropical fruit, general/other;

Field Of Science
1020 - Physiology;
Goals / Objectives
Investigate the effects of 1-MCP technology on fruit quality and storage disorders, and its interaction with cold storage and CA storage technology. Investigate the metabolic and physiological processes that underlie the responses of fruit to postharvest technologies.
Project Methods
1-MCP dynamics will be assessed through direct measure of sorption and accumulation using intact and fresh-cut fruit. Fruit/tissues will be exposed to gaseous 1-MCP, and internal atmosphere analyzed over time intervals of up to 24 hours. Experiments will be conducted using different fruits as well as cultivars. Analyzing both headspace and fruit internal free 1-MCP will allow assessment of the balance between sorption and, to some extent, possible metabolism through oxidative reactions.Programmed cell death (PCD) pathways will be monitored via measurement of upregulated nuclease and protease activities, occurrence of DNA fragmentation, and reactive oxygen species dynamics. Since some forms of PCD are accelerated by ethylene gas, ethylene treatment will be employed to ensure uniformity of responses of different treatment groups.

Progress 10/01/17 to 09/30/18

Outputs
Target Audience:Results of these studies will be distributed to horticultural and other plant scientists through publication in peer-reviewed scholarly journals, presentations at national/international scientific conferences, and incorporation into course curricula, as well as through presentations to related industry audiences. Changes/Problems: Nothing Reported What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?The studies described have constituted the focus of two PhD projects as well as research contributed by visiting scientists and support personnel. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?Publication in high-impact refereed journals and presentations at national and international conferences. Results of mango internal discoloration research were presented to mango export associationin Ecuador and to the National Mango Board. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals? Nothing Reported

Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals? 1. Blueberry Mechanical Harvest [Sargent, Berry, Takeda (ARS-WV), Williamson] Blueberry varieties Farthing and Meadowlark were mechanically harvested with a self-propelled harvester with padding on left side catch plates and no padding (rigid plastic) on right side catch plates. 'Meadowlark' fruit that were hand-harvested were firmer (10-25%) and generally had higher Brix/acid ratios at harvest and after 7 days of storage than those harvested with the shakers. Hand-harvested 'Farthing' fruit were firmer to a lesser extent (~10%) than those harvested using the shakers. However, unlike 'Meadowlark', there was no difference in the Brix/acid ratio during 14 days of storage. For both varieties and for all harvests, there were no consistent quality differences for fruit dropping on either type of catch plate surface. 2. Blueberry Temperature Management (De, Schneider, Sargent, Berry, Brecht) Forced-air cooling (FAC), and hydrocooling with (HCS) or without sanitizers (HC) were analyzed for microbial quality control of fresh blueberries. A cocktail of five rifampicin-resistant Salmonella enterica strains (Newport, Javiana, Enteritidis, Typhimurium and Braenderup) was utilized. Freshly harvested blueberries were spot-inoculated and cooled by forced-air cooling and hydrocooling with or without 150 ppm HOCl. Hydrocooling, with or without sanitizer shows promising results in postharvest microbial quality control and storage of the fruits. 3. Peach Temperature Management (Sargent, Makani, Berry, Brecht, Schneider, De) Storage quality was evaluated as affected by two harvest times, two maturity categories, and five cooling methods. By rapidly cooling the fruit, HY or FA generally prolonged the shelf-life of 'UF Sun', compared to those RC. Results indicated comparable storage quality when peaches were either partially or completely cooled, using HY or FA. Harvest at later maturity generally resulted in significant losses in quality during storage, irrespective of the cooling method. 4. Effect of Postharvest Cooling on the Microbial Quality and Storage of Florida Peaches (De, Bertoldi, Gutierrez, Mohammad, Sargent, Schneider) Efficacy of room cooling on microbial quality control was studied during peach storage in conjunction with the above temperature management study. The changes in microbial counts on peaches from different stages of the postharvest process were not statistically significant (p>0.05). 5. Smart Strawberry and Peach Precooling Management [Uysal (USF), Mercier (USF), Brecht] We tested temperature emulation during forced-air precooling of strawberries and peaches using measured ambient air temperature plus emulation algorithms to model fruit temperature changes and variability in a forced-air cooling tunnel. We have been able to use an exponential curve fitting approach using ambient temperatures to emulate actual product temperatures during forced-air cooling. 6. Peach N/Fruit Quality (Rubio, Brecht, Olmstead) Six-year-old 'TropicBeauty' (TB; melting flesh) and 'UFSharp' (UFS; non-melting flesh) peach trees received 0 (N0; control), 45 (N1), 90 (N2), 179 (N3), or 269 (N4) kg/ha N since establishment, up to about three times the UF/IFAS-recommended rate. It can be concluded that N effects on peach fruit quality are not striking - the lower rates applied (N1 and N2) were sufficient for acceptable peach fruit quality, and higher rates had no adverse effects on fruit quality. 7. Orange Hot Water and Coating Treatment (Brecht, Chowdhury, Ritenour) The aim of this research was to utilize HW treatments plus fruit coatings for citrus fruits to stimulate the antioxidant system and create beneficial internal MA to better maintain postharvest quality when refrigerated storage is not available. Florida 'Washington Navel' and 'Valencia' oranges were immersed in 45ºC water for 30 min and coated with [polyethylene (PL)-, carnauba (CR)-, or shellac (SH)-based] applied or not (NC), and stored for 3 weeks at 25ºC and 85% RH. The HW+CR best maintained near-optimum internal MA (5-10% O2 and CO2) and significantly reduced weight loss (WL) compared to other treatments. Positive results seen for orange and pomelo in both Florida and Bangladesh suggest that this approach to maintaining postharvest citrus quality is widely applicable to diverse citrus varieties and growing conditions, particularly areas where refrigerated storage is unavailable. 8. Mango Internal Discoloration (AKA "Corte Negro" or "Cutting Black") (Brecht, Schaffer, Crane, Li) Mango internal discoloration has been a recurring problem with mangos from Ecuador and Peru exported to the U.S. although the symptoms have also been seen on fruit imported from Guatemala and Mexico and grown in Hainan, China. We originally considered corte negro to be a preharvest nutrient imbalance (related to a high N to Ca ratio during early fruit development), which results in reduced tolerance to cold (typical shipping and storage) temperatures. Storage of fruit at 10C/50F for 3 weeks versus ripening immediately after harvest has indicated that corte negro symptoms result from postharvest chilling injury. After 3 seasons of applications of varying rates of N and Ca at commercial plantations of 'Tommy Atkins' and 'Ataulfo' in Ecuador and 'Kent' in Peru, we found no effect or N or Ca on incidence of corte negro. 9. Fresh-cut Mango Quality Survey. [Brecht; Plotto, Baldwin & Bai (ARS-FL), C. Crisosto & G. Crisosto (UCD)] The purpose of this project was to survey the quality and condition of fresh-cut mangos available to consumers throughout the annual sequence of imports from different countries, and to learn about fresh-cut mango processing practices, identifying the reasons for both good and poor quality. Three labs, located in northern and southern Florida and in northern California purchased retail samples from nine individual stores owned by six retail chains throughout one year, measuring physical and compositional quality factors and conducting taste panels. Processor facilities supplying the stores were visited to document how fresh-cut mangos are being processed and handled. We found that fresh-cut mango quality was variable, but mostly mediocre due to most fruit being processed when unripe.. 10. It's Fresh: The Role of Wound-induced Ethylene Production and Sensitivity to Ethylene in Determining the Efficacy of Ethylene Adsorption in Extending Produce Shelf Life (Brecht, Chang) We are determining the extent by which different fruits and vegetables differ in their capacity to produce wound ethylene in response to wounding (bruising) and the extent by which different fruits and vegetables differ in their sensitivity to ethylene exposure. So far, we have determined that strawberry wound ethylene production varies about 10-fold among different cultivars. 11. Harvest Maturity Stage Affects Fruit Quality and Postharvest Behavior of Red-Fleshed Pitaya (Hylocereus costaricenses) (Razali, Sargent, Berry, Brecht) Pitaya (H. costaricenses) harvest maturity and the effect on postharvest fruit quality have not been closely studied under Florida growing conditions. Pitaya (cv. Lisa) harvested at ¾ red stage developed full red color after 3 d, had low respiration rate, highest sugar/acid ratio and 11 days shelf life. Therefore, they had best flavor and longest shelf life compared to fruit harvested at other maturities. Latent infection from the field was also a challenge to limiting postharvest decay.

Publications

  • Type: Books Status: Published Year Published: 2017 Citation: Siddiq, M., J.K. Brecht, and J.S. Sidhu (eds.). 2017. Handbook of Mango Fruit: Production, Postharvest Science, Processing Technology and Nutrition. Wiley-Blackwell Publishing Co., Ames, Iowa.
  • Type: Book Chapters Status: Awaiting Publication Year Published: 2018 Citation: Brecht, J. K. 2018. Mango, Ch. 21. In: S. Pareek and S. Tonetto de Freitas (eds.). Physiological Disorders in Fruits and Vegetables. CRC Press, Boca Raton, Fla.
  • Type: Book Chapters Status: Published Year Published: 2017 Citation: Brecht, J.K. and E.M. Yahia. 2017. Harvesting and postharvest technology of mango, p. 105-129. In: M. Siddiq, J.K. Brecht, and J.S. Sidhu (eds.). Handbook of Mango Fruit: Production, Postharvest Science, Processing Technology and Nutrition. Wiley-Blackwell Publishing Co., Oxford, UK.
  • Type: Book Chapters Status: Published Year Published: 2017 Citation: Zheng, X. and J.K. Brecht. 2017. Oxalic acid treatments, 35-49. In: S. Pareek (ed.). Novel Postharvest Treatments of Fresh Produce. CRC Press, Taylor & Francis Group, Boca Raton, Fla.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2016 Citation: Casamali, B., J.G. Williamson, A.P. Kovaleski, S.A. Sargent and R.L. Darnell. 2016. Mechanical Harvesting and Postharvest Storage of Two Southern Highbush Blueberry Cultivars Grafted onto Vaccinium arboreum Rootstocks. HortScience 51:1503-1510.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2017 Citation: Hagan, L.L., P. N. T. Johnson, S.A. Sargent, D.J., Huber, and A. Berry. 2017. 1-methylcyclopropene treatment and storage conditions delay the ripening of plantain fruit while maintaining sensory characteristics of ampesi, the boiled food product. International Food Research Journal 24(2):630-636.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: Sargent, S.A., A.D. Berry, J.K. Brecht, M. Santana, S. Zhang, and N. Ristow. 2017. Studies on quality of southern highbush blueberry cultivars: Effects of pulp temperature, impact and hydrocooling. Acta Hort. 1180:497-502.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2017 Citation: Takeda, F., W.Q. Yang, C. Li, A. Freivalds, K. Sung, R. Xu, B. Hu, J. Williamson and S. Sargent. 2017. Applying New Technologies to Transform Blueberry Harvesting. Agronomy 7(2):33.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2017 Citation: Boz, Z., B.A. Welt, J.K. Brecht, W. Pelletier, E. McLamore, G.A. Kiker, and J.E. Butler. 2018. Review of challenges and advances in modification of food package headspace gases. J. Applied Packaging Res. 10:62-97.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: Chowdhury, M.G.F, J.K. Brecht, M.A. Ritenour, and C.A. Sims. 2018. Improving postharvest quality retention of oranges during ambient storage using hot water immersion and fruit coating: the role of internal modified atmosphere. Acta Hort. 1194: 313-320.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: Brecht, J.K., A. Plotto, E.A. Baldwin, J. Bai, C. Crisosto, and G. Crisosto. 2017. Sensory quality of fresh-cut mango at the consumer level sampled through the year. Proc. Fla. State Hort. Soc. 130:158164.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: Razali, N.A., S.A. Sargent, A.D. Berry, and J.K. Brecht. 2017. Harvest maturity affects fruit quality and postharvest behavior of red-fleshed pitaya fruit (Hylocereus costaricensis). Proc. Florida State Hort. Soc. 130:185-190.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2017 Citation: Sargent, S.A., A.D. Berry, J.K. Brecht, M. Santana, S. Zhang, and N. Ristow.. 2017. Studies on quality of southern highbush blueberry cultivars: Effects of pulp temperature, impact and hydrocooling. XI Intl. Vaccinium Symposium. April 10-14, 2016. Orlando, FL. Acta Hort. 1180:497-502.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2017 Citation: Brecht, J.K. (Presenter): Ripening Temperature Management. Fruit Ripening & Retail Handling Workshop, Univ. Calif., Davis, 18 April, 2017.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2017 Citation: Brecht, J.K. (Presenter): Ripening Mangos and Papayas. Fruit Ripening & Retail Handling Workshop, Univ. Calif., Davis, 19 April, 2017.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2017 Citation: Sargent, S.A. (Presenter): Postharvest Handling of Blueberries for the Fresh Market. Blueberry In-service Training Program. University of Florida. 26 April, 2017
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2017 Citation: Guam�n, F.J., S.A. Sargent (Presenter), J.K. Brecht, A.D. Berry and M. Santana: Potential of Partial Cooling to Expand Handling Options for Fresh-Market Strawberry. Florida State Horticultural Society Annual Meeting, Tampa, FL, 5 June, 2017.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2017 Citation: Rubio Ames, Z. (Presenter), J.K. Brecht, and M. Olmstead: Impact of Different Nitrogen Rates on Peach Postharvest Attributes. Florida State Horticultural Society Annual Meeting, Tampa, FL, 5 June, 2017.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2017 Citation: De, J. (Presenter), A. Sreedharan, Y. Li, A. Gutierrez, S. Sargent, and K. Schneider: Comparison of Forced-Air Cooling and Hydrocooling on the Microbial Quality Control of Florida Blueberries. Intl. Assn. for Food Protection. 9-12 July, 2017. Abstract #15283. (poster)
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2017 Citation: De, J. (Presenter), B. Bertoldi, A. Gutierrez, J. Mohammad, S. Sargent and K. Schneider: Effect of Postharvest Cooling on the Microbial Quality and Storage of Florida Peaches. Intl. Assn. for Food Protection. 9-12 July, 2017. Abstract #15336. (poster)
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2017 Citation: Brecht, J.K. (Presenter): Mango Internal Discoloration. National Mango Board Extension Workshop and Outreach Meeting. Guayaquil, Ecuador, 27 July, 2017.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2017 Citation: Razali, N.A., S.A. Sargent (Presenter) C.A. Sims, J.K. Brecht, A.D. Berry, and G. Chang: Potential of Postharvest Coatings to Maintain Freshness of Red-Fleshed Pitaya (Hylocereus costaricenses). American Society for Horticultural Science Annual Meeting, Waikoloa, HI, 20 September 2017. (poster)
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2017 Citation: Rubio Ames, Z. (Presenter), J.K. Brecht, M.A. Olmstead, D.M. Tieman, H.J. Klee, and C.A. Sims: Varietal and Seasonal Differences in Volatile Composition and Sensory Quality of Two Florida Peach Varieties. American Society for Horticultural Science Annual Meeting, Waikoloa, HI, 20 September, 2017.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2017 Citation: Carnelossi, M.A.G. (Presenter), J.K. Brecht, D.J. Huber, L.M. De Carvalho, and S.A. Sargent: Vacuum Infusion of Pectin Methylesterase and Calcium Maintain Firmness of the Fresh-cut Strawberry Slice. 1� Congresso Luso-Brasileiro de Horticultura. 1-4 November 2017. Lisbon, Portugal.


Progress 04/09/14 to 09/30/18

Outputs
Target Audience:Results of these studies will be distributed to horticultural and other plant scientists through publication in peer-reviewed scholarly journals, presentations at national/international scientific conferences, and incorporation into course curricula, as well as through presentations to related industry audiences. Changes/Problems: Nothing Reported What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?Brecht was an instructor in the extension workshop, "Fruit Ripening and Ethylene Management," at UC Davis in April. The studies described have constituted the focus of two PhD projects and a MSc project as well as research contributed by visiting scientists and support personnel. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?Publication in high-impact refereed journals and presentations at national and international conferences.Also presented to the fruitindustry at the Fruit Ripoening & Ethylene Manangement Workshop at UC Davis. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals? Nothing Reported

Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals? GOAL 1. Scale Neutral Harvest Aid System and Sensor Technologies to Improve Harvest Efficiency and Handling of Fresh Market Highbush Blueberries. (Steve Sargent, Adrian Berry, Jeff Williamson, Fumi Takeda-ARS-WV). Field tests were conducted with a redesigned Over-The-Row harvester with rotary shakers and fruit quality compared with those harvested by conventional OTR harvesters in several production areas in the country, beginning in North Florida.After packing, marketable fruit for 'Optimus' ranged from 59% (Korvan) to 65%, (Oxbo) and averaged 80% for 'Vireo' for both harvesters. Hand-harvested fruit were 10% firmer at harvest and remained firmer during 14 days of storage at 1 oC. 'Optimus' was slightly firmer than 'Vireo' at harvest, however there were no differences dur to cultivar or harvester during storage. Soluble solids content ranged from 11.0-13.4, but was not statistically different. Smart Monitoring and Analytics in the Strawberry Supply Chain (Ismail Uysal-USF; Jeff Brecht-UF).The purpose of this project was to match the distribution of strawberry pallets to their remaining quality-based shelf life according to their harvest condition and subsequent temperature history in order to reduce waste and improve quality. While commercial implementation of this intelligent distribution strategy has previously been limited due to the requirement for significant investments in infrastructure and hardware to remotely measure and transmit temperature data, current sensor technologies using Bluetooth loggers provided temperature data in real-time, capable of sending it to any smart phone. Project continuing through 2020. GOAL 2. Overcoming Limitations for Processing Riper Mango Fruit for Fresh-cut Mango. (Anne Plotto-ARS-FL, Jeff Brecht-FL, Liz Baldwin-ARS-FL, Carolina Abrahan-FL, Yurui Xi-FL, Anna Marín Gozalbo-ARS-FL. This was a follow-up to our previous fresh-cut mango quality survey of samples purchased at retail stores in Florida and California. We attempted to evaluate the limit of firmness (softness) at which mangos could be cut and still have at least a 10- to 14-day shelf-life. 'Tommy Atkins' and 'Kent'fruit cut at 35N firmness presented the best appearance after 14 days of storage at 5°C, while 'Keitt' required a minimu firmness of 40N.Shelf life of fresh-cut slices was limited by browning and translucency (watersoaking).Application of citric acid solutions was found tobe a suitable, easy and economic strategy to achieve several days of additional shelf life for fresh-cut slices prepared from riper mango fruit, for which shelf life is limited by browning.

Publications

  • Type: Book Chapters Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: Brecht, J. K. 2018. Mango, p. 443-466. In: S. Pareek and S. Tonetto de Freitas (eds.). Physiological Disorders in Fruits and Vegetables. CRC Press, Boca Raton, Fla.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: Boz, Z., B.A. Welt, J.K. Brecht, W. Pelletier, E. McLamore, G.A. Kiker, and J.E. Butler. 2018. Review of challenges and advances in modification of food package headspace gases. J. Applied Packaging Res. 10:62-97.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: Carnelossi, M., J.K. Brecht, D. Huber, L.M. Carvalho, and S.A. Sargent. 2018. Vacuum infusion of pectin methylesterase and calcium maintains firmness of the fresh-cut strawberry. Actas Portuguesas de Horticultura 29:132-140.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: Chowdhury, M.G.F, J.K. Brecht, M.A. Ritenour, and C.A. Sims. 2018. Improving postharvest quality retention of oranges during ambient storage using hot water immersion and fruit coating: The role of internal modified atmosphere. Acta Hort. 1194:313-320 (Proc. VIII Intl. Postharvest Symp., July, 2016)
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: Brecht, J.K. (Presenter): Peach Harvesting and Postharvest Handling Considerations for Different Markets. Stone Fruit Field Day, Univ. of Florida, Gainesville, May 29, 2018. (extension presentation)
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: Daniels, M., A.H. Simonne, S. Jensen, D. Diehl, K.P. Shelnutt, C. Bruhn, J.K. Brecht, A.F. Wysocki, R. Cook, and E. Mitcham. 2018. Consumer perceptions of quality and price of high-value specialty crops in supermarkets in the United States: Lessons for producers, handlers and educators. Acta Hort. 1213:21-30 (Proc. III Asia Pacific Symposium on Postharvest Research, Education and Extension).
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: Emanuel, M.A., P.F. Tennant, J.K. Brecht, and D.J. Huber. 2018. Effect of BreatheWay� microporous membrane on gaseous atmosphere and shelf life of ackee fruit. Acta Hort. 1225:173-181.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2017 Citation: Sargent, S.A., A.D. Berry, J.K. Brecht, M. Santana, S. Zhang, and N. Ristow. 2017. Studies on quality of southern highbush blueberry cultivars: Effects of pulp temperature, impact and hydrocooling. Acta Hort. 1180:497-502.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: Brecht, J.K. and S.A. Sargent. 2018. Tips for tuning up packing and cooling facilities. Veg. Spec. Crops Newsletter, 1(9):6-7.
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: Chang, Y., A. Sarkhosh, J. Brecht, and P. Andersen. 2018. Thinning Florida peaches for larger fruit. HS1324. UF/IFAS Extension, Gainesville, FL
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: Rubio, Z., M.A. Olmstead, and J.K. Brecht. 2018. Impact of nitrogen fertilization on compositional and physical attributes of melting and non-melting flesh peach fruit. Proc. Fla. State Hort. Soc. 131:52-57.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: Tamashiro, T., S.A. Sargent, and A.D. Berry. 2018. Quality evaluation of strawberry bruised by simulated drop heights. Proc. Fla. State Hort. Soc. 131:171-177.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: Brecht, J.K. (Presenter): Ripening Temperature Management. Fruit Ripening & Retail Handling Workshop, Univ. Calif., Davis, 10 April, 2018. (extension presentation)
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: Brecht, J.K. (Presenter): Ripening Mangos and Papayas. Fruit Ripening & Retail Handling Workshop, Univ. Calif., Davis, 11 April, 2018. (extension presentation)


Progress 10/01/16 to 09/30/17

Outputs
Target Audience:Results of these studies will be distributed to horticultural and other plant scientists through publication in peer-reviewed scholarly journals, presentations at national/international scientific conferences, and incorporation into course curricula, as well as through presentations to related industry audiences. Changes/Problems: Nothing Reported What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?The studies described have constituted the focus of two PhD projects and a MSc project as well as research contributed by visiting scientists and support personnel. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?Publication in high-impact refereed journals and presentations at national and international conferences. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?Continue investigating the chilling injury disorder of mango fruit, cutting black. Complete investigation of the role of nitrogen fertilization on peach fruit postharvest physiology and quality. Investigate the role of stress ethylene in postharvest fruit quality maintenance and chilling injury.

Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals? Obj. 3. Investigate the metabolic and physiological processes that underlie the responses of fruit to postharvest technologies. Mango internal discoloration has been a recurring problem with mangos from Ecuador and Peru exported to the U.S. although the symptoms have also been seen on fruit imported from Guatemala and Mexico and grown in Hainan, China. We showed that corte negro is a symptom of chilling injury, but were unable to show that it is related to high nitrogen to calcium ratio during early fruit development. The Effect of N rate on peach tree growth and fruit quality has been investigated using trees that have received N at 0 to 240 lbs/acre since establishment in 2011.Limited differences were found as a result of N rates in terms of either composition or results from consumer sensory panels using gLMS, hedonic, and GLMS scales. There were differences between the melting flesh cultivar, Tropic Beauty, and the non-melting flesh cultivar, UFSharp. Hot water immersion followed by coating applications to create and maintain beneficial internal MA in orange fruit. A treatment of 45C for 30 min was found to result in ~10% O2 and ~10% CO2 internal fruit atmosphere w/o peel injury. Consumers in both Florida and Bangladesh ranked HW-treated fruit with carnauba-based coatinghigher than un-heated, un-coated fruit. Delays to blueberry and peach cooling and effects on storage quality under commercial conditions. Blueberries and peaches in Florida are often harvested, partially cooled and held overnight for packing and final cooling the next day. Rapid forced-air cooling on the day of harvest showed little benefit compared to overnight room cooling followed by forced-air of packed fruit the next day.

Publications

  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Awaiting Publication Year Published: 2016 Citation: Chowdhury, M.G.F., J.K. Brecht, and M.A. Ritenour. 2016. Can appearance, nutritional quality, and shelf life of Navel orange be enhanced by a postharvest heat treatment. Proc. Fla. State Hort. Soc.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2016 Citation: Zhu, Y., J. Yu, J.K. Brecht, T. Jiang, and X. Zheng. 2016. Pre-harvest application of oxalic acid increases quality and resistance to Penicillium expansum in kiwifruit during postharvest storage. Food Chemistry 190:537-543.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2016 Citation: Chowdhury, M.G.F., J.K. Brecht, M.A. Ritenour, and C.A. Sims. 2016. Hot water treatment and coatings to modify internal atmosphere of Navel orange as determined by respiration rate, gas exchange, and sensory quality. HortScience (ASHS meeting, Atlanta; abstract). https://ashs.confex.com/ashs/2016/meetingapp.cgi/Paper/25166
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2015 Citation: Diehl, D.C., N.L. Sloan, J.K. Brecht, and E.A. Mitcham. 2015. What factors do retailers value when purchasing fruits? Perceptions of produce industry professionals. J. Food Dist. Res. 46:81-91.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2015 Citation: Olmstead, M., Zotarelli, L., Brecht, J. and Ross, M. 2015. Impact of nitrogen on vegetative growth of mature peach trees in a subtropical climate. Acta Hortic. 1084:459-464


Progress 10/01/15 to 09/30/16

Outputs
Target Audience:Results of these studies will be distributed to horticultural and other plant scientists through publication in peer-reviewed scholarly journals, presentations at national/international scientific conferences, and incorporation into course curricula, as well as through presentations to related industry audiences. Changes/Problems: Nothing Reported What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?The studies described have constituted the focus of two PhD projects as well as research contributed by visiting scientists and support personnel. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?p.p1 {margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 10.0px Helvetica} Publication in high-impact refereed journals and presentations at national and international conferences. Results of mango internal discoloration research were presented to mango export associations in Ecuador and Peru and to the National Mango Board. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?Continue investigating the chilling injury disorder of mango fruit, cutting black. Investigate the role of nitrogen fertilization on peach fruit postharvest physiology and quality.

Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals? Obj. 3. Investigate the metabolic and physiological processes that underlie the responses of fruit to postharvest technologies. Evidence of programmed cell death in banana fruit during ripening and over-ripening. (Huber) Peel nuclease and protease activities along with DNA fragmentation were monitored through banana ripening. Increases in several isoforms of protease and nuclease activities in peel were observed during ripening and over-ripening. DNA showed signs of degradation after day 8, in parallel with development of senescence-related dark spots ('sugar spots') and acute increases in electrolyte leakage. Mango internal discoloration (aka "corte negro" or "cutting black"). (Brecht) Mango internal discoloration has been a recurring problem with mangos from Ecuador and Peru exported to the U.S. although the symptoms have also been seen on fruit imported from Guatemala and Mexico and grown in Hainan, China. We originally considered corte negro to be a preharvest nutrient imbalance (related to a high nitrogen to calcium ratio during early fruit development), which results in reduced tolerance to cold (typical shipping and storage) temperatures. Storage of fruit at 10oC/50oF for 3 weeks versus ripening immediately after harvest has indicated that corte negro symptoms result from postharvest chilling injury. The Effect of N rate on peach tree growth and fruit quality. (Brecht) Peaches are receiving N at 0 to 240 lbs/acre and fruit quality evaluated. Increased N could yield firmer fruit that could better withstand impacts during handling and shipping. There was no difference in the anthocyanins, vit. C, flavonoids or total phenolics content. Limited differences were found in carotenoids. Consumer sensory panels were conducted using gLMS, hedonic, and GLMS scales. Panelists ranked the flavor of peaches from 240 lbs/acre higher than lower N treatments. Firmness of fruit from the 40 lbs/acre were described as a little too soft and 240 lbs/acre was closer to "just right" firmness. Hot water immersion followed by coating applications to create and maintain beneficial internal MA in orange fruit. (Brecht) A treatment of 45C for 30 min was found to result in <10% O2 and >10% CO2 w/o peel injury. Peel color of heated fruit was significantly lighter, with greater chroma and more orange hue. Heated fruit had less decay (about 6%). Juice pH, TA, or total carotenoids were not affected. Total phenolic and ascorbic acid contents were higher. Similar trends were noticed for total antioxidant capacity. Consumers ranked fruit with carnauba-based coatings higher than the other treatments, while shellac-coated fruit received the lowest ratings. Pre-storage application of oxalic acid to alleviate chilling injury in mango fruit. (Brecht) OA was applied to 'Tommy Atkins' from Florida and 'Zill' from Panzhihua. CI and softening were significantly reduced in OA-treated 'Tommy Atkins' and 'Zill'. Membrane integrity was enhanced and antioxidant system enzymes elevated, but H2O2 content and superoxide radical production decreased. Some enzymes of the energy cycle were also elevated. OA may enhance CI tolerance in mango fruit by maintaining membrane integrity associated with enhanced antioxidant activity and regulation of energy metabolism. Application of 5 mM OA appears to be beneficial in controlling postharvest CI in mango fruit. Delays to blueberry cooling and effects on storage quality under commercial conditions. (Sargent, Brecht) Blueberries are often harvested, partially cooled and held overnight for packing and final cooling the next day. Tests were conducted on southern highbush blueberries that were either FA-cooled or held overnight in the refrigerated packing area, and packed and FA-cooled the next day. Rapid cooling to 18C within 90 min of harvest permitted blueberries to be held overnight and packed the next day with minimal negative effects on quality during storage. Postharvest Storage Temperature and Coating Effects on Fruit Quality of Red-fleshed Pitaya (Hylocereus costarricenses). (Sargent) Two tests were conducted to evaluate 1) optimum storage temperature and 2) effect of coating. 'Lisa' pitaya was stored at 1C or 4C. After 10 and 20 d, fruit were transferred to 20C for 24 h to allow for CI development. Other fruit were dipped in Sta-Fresh 2981 vegetable oil or Endura-Fresh carnauba coatings, stored at 7C for 20 d, and evaluated every 5 d. Pitaya stored at 4C had less weight loss and better overall quality for dryness, percentage of yellow spot and appearance ratings. Pitaya stored at 1C had significantly less peel color changes over the storage period; mild chilling injury was observed during storage. Visual quality became unacceptable between days 10 and 15 and pitaya coated with EF had significantly less weight loss than SF or the untreated fruit during storage. Sensory and Physiochemical Fruit Quality of Three Seedless Mandarin Cultivars. (Sargent) UFGlow, UFDawn and Sunrise were compared to standard, seeded Owari-Satsuma mandarin and Orlando (tangelo). The three new cvs were all rated optimal for juiciness, less rag and less chewy than standard cvs. Sensory panelists preferred UFSunrise to Owari-Satsuma on overall liking and mandarin flavor. UFSunrise was preferred in juiciness and texture to Owari-Satsuma. UFGlow had higher overall-liking than Orlando and higher texture liking than Satsuma. Other preference parameters were equal. UFDawn was rated low on external appearance. The average ascorbic acid content of 'UFGlow' and UFSunrise was higher than Owari-Satsuma. SSC/TA ratio of UFSunrise improved from 13.9 (2014) to 17 (2015) as trees grew. The new seedless mandarin cvs UFGlow and UFSunrise have demonstrated a high nutritional quality, and better consumer acceptability in terms of overall flavor, juiciness and being less chewy, which are important for marketability. Alternative Methods for Harvesting and Field-packing Mandarin (Citrus reticulata Blanco) Fruits in Tanzania. (Sargent) Despite the delicate nature of mandarin fruits, harvesting in Tanzania is traditionally done by the pick-drop-catch (PDC) method after which the harvested fruits are bulk-loaded onto grass cushioning in a flatbed truck for shipping. Fruit quality was compared for fruit 1) harvested using the PDC, Ladder Plus Bag (L+B) or Cutting Pole (CP) harvesting methods, and 2) three field-pack methods: bulk (BULK), bamboo-baskets (BAMB) and stackable, plastic crates (SPCR). PDC fruit were packaged and shipped by truck to simulate local shipping conditions. Additional fruit harvested using the three harvest methods were packed in foam cushioned SPCR for storage evaluation. At harvest, fruit culls were lower using L+B (4.4%) and PDC (6.4%) than with CP (19.6%). Fruit stem plugging was >6% higher with CP than with CPD and L+B methods. CP required 30 minutes more than the other methods to fill a 300-fruit capacity SPCR. CP-harvested fruit also had >4% more decay than L+B or CPD during subsequent storage at ambient temperatures. Fruit decay after 9 d of storage was higher with BAMB (32.4%) than SPCR packaging (24.5%); decay with BULK was not different (29.6%). Most of the decayed fruits with SPRC were located on the top while for BAMB most were from middle position of the package. L+B and SPCR show promise as alternative harvest and packaging practices for reducing postharvest loss of mandarin fruit along the value chain in Tanzania.

Publications

  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Awaiting Publication Year Published: 2016 Citation: Chowdhury, M.G.F., J.K. Brecht, and M.A. Ritenour. 2016. Can appearance, nutritional quality, and shelf life of Navel orange be enhanced by a postharvest heat treatment. Proc. Fla. State Hort. Soc.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2016 Citation: Chowdhury, M.G.F., J.K. Brecht, M.A. Ritenour, and C.A. Sims. 2016. Hot water treatment and coatings to modify internal atmosphere of Navel orange as determined by respiration rate, gas exchange, and sensory quality. HortScience (ASHS meeting, Atlanta; abstract). https://ashs.confex.com/ashs/2016/meetingapp.cgi/Paper/25166
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2016 Citation: Lee, J.S., B.M. Hurr, D.J. Huber, C.E. Vallejos and S.A. Sargent. 2015. Characterization of proteases and nucleases associated with ethylene-induced programmed cell death in immature cucumber fruit. Postharvest Biology and Technology 110:190-196.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2015 Citation: Li, P., X. Zheng, M.G.F. Chowdhury, K. Cordasco, and J.K. Brecht. 2015. Pre-storage application of oxalic acid to alleviate chilling injury in mango fruit. HortScience 50:1795-1800 (citation update from 2015 report).
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Awaiting Publication Year Published: 2016 Citation: Majubwa, R.O., J.X. Chaparro, S.A. Sargent, D.J. Huber, M.A. Ritenour, C.A. Sims, T.J. Msogoya. 2016. Sensory and physiochemical fruit quality of three seedless mandarin (Citrus reticulata Blanco) cultivars grown on three rootstocks. Proc. Fla. State Hort. Soc.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2016 Citation: Majubwa, R.O., S.A. Sargent, M.A. Ritenour, J.X. Chaparro, D.J. Huber, C.A. Sims, T.J. Msogoya. 2016. Alternative methods for harvesting and field-packing mandarin (Citrus reticulata Blanco) fruits in Tanzania. (ASHS meeting abstract). https://ashs.confex.com/ashs/2016/meetingapp.cgi/Paper/24476
  • Type: Theses/Dissertations Status: Published Year Published: 2016 Citation: Ramirez-Sanchez, M. 2016. Evidence of programmed cell death in degradative processes in banana fruit (Musa spp., AAA group, Cavendish subgroup) during ripening, over-ripening, and after exposure to abiotic stress. University of Florida, Gainesville, PhD Diss.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Awaiting Publication Year Published: 2016 Citation: Razali, N.A., A.C. Nascimento Antunes, A. Berry, and S.A. Sargent. 2016. Postharvest storage temperature and coating effects on fruit quality of red-fleshed pitaya (Hylerocereus costarricenses). Proc. Fla. State Hort. Soc.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2016 Citation: Sargent, S.A., A.D. Berry, J.K. Brecht, M.T.A. Santana, and S. Zhang. 2016. Delays to blueberry cooling and effects on storage quality under commercial conditions. (ASHS meeting abstract). https://ashs.confex.com/ashs/2016/meetingapp.cgi/Paper/24848
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2016 Citation: Brecht, J.K., M.C.N. Nunes, J.P. �mond, I. Uysal, J. Wells, and J. Saenz. 2016. Reducing strawberry waste and losses in the postharvest supply chain via intelligent distribution management. Acta Hort. 1120:253-259.


Progress 10/01/14 to 09/30/15

Outputs
Target Audience:Results of these studies will be distributed to horticultural and other plant scientists through publication in peer-reviewed scholarly journals, presentations at national/international scientific conferences, and incorporation into course curricula, as well as through presentations to related industry audiences. Changes/Problems: Nothing Reported What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?The studies described have constituted the focus of two PhD projects as well as research contributed by visiting scientists andsupport personnel. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?Publication in high-impact refereed journals and presentations at national and international conferences. Results of mangointernal discoloration research were presented to mango export associations in Ecuador and Peru and to the National MangoBoard. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?Continue investigating the chilling injury disorder of mango fruit, cutting black. Investigate the role of nitrogen fertilization onpeach fruit postharvest physiology and quality.

Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals? Internal discoloration of mango fruit that is seen in U.S. markets primarily in fruit imported from South America, but has also been observed in fruit grown in China, appears to be a chilling injury symptom. A 3-year project was initiated in 2014 with funding from the National Mango Board, "Mango Internal Discoloration." The hypothesis is that excess N and/or limited Ca fertilization predisposes the fruit to develop this symptom when exposed to postharvest chilling. Fertilization trials are underway at two farms each in Ecuador and Peru, with the fruit harvested and ripened immediately or after storage for 3 weeks at 10C. After one season, there were no fertilizer treatment effects, but internal discoloration was observed only in cold-stored fruit. In separate research, we showed that 5 or 10 mM oxalic acid applied to mango fruit postharvest reduces incidence and severity of chilling injury symptoms, which was associated with enhancement of membrane integrity and the fruit antioxidant system and energy cycle. Preharvest application of 5 mM oxalic acid to kiwifruit resulted in higher ascorbic acid at harvest and slowed the decreases in fruit firmness and ascorbic acid content and increase in SSC during storage. Oxalic acid treatment also decreased the natural disease incidence, lesion diameter, and patulin accumulation in fruit inoculated with Penicillium expansum. The activities of the defense-related enzymes, beta-1,3-glucanase, chitinase, 4-coumarate CoA ligase, peroxidase, and polyphenol oxidase, and the levels of the disease resistance-related substances, such as phenolics, flavonoids, and HRGP were increased. A study was conducted to determine how the quarantine hot water treatment (QHWT) required for most imported mangoes affects the response to aqueous 1-MCP. Aqueous 1-MCP caused delay of fruit ripening as shown by maintenance of fruit firmness, attenuation of flesh color development, and delayed increase of total soluble solids (TSS). However, it had a negative interaction with QHWT, causing surface spots and lenticel blackening to develop. This negative interaction was lesswhen 1-MCP was applied before QHWT, somewhat higher when 1-MCP was applied after QHWT, and most severe when 1- MCP was applied after QHWT plus hydrocooling. By contrast, the ripening of fruit treated with 1-MCP without QHWT was delayed without affecting external appearance. Thus, 1-MCP may be more useful for mango markets that do not require mandatory QHWT. A 3-year project was initiated in 2014 with funding from the USDA Specialty Crops Research Initiative, "Impact of Nitrogen Rates on Postharvest Peach Fruit Quality." The hypothesis is that excess N fertilization, although possibly increasing peach yield, may reduce fruit quality, especially related to flavor.

Publications

  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2015 Citation: Osuna-Garcia, J.A., J.K. Brecht, D.J. Huber, and Y. Nolasco-Gonzalez. 2015. Aqueous 1-methylcyclopropene to delay ripening of Kent mango fruit after quarantine hot water treatment. HortTechnology 25:349-357.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2015 Citation: Zhang, Z., D.J. Huber, H. Qu, Z. Yun, H. Wang, Z. Huang, X. Duan, and Y. Jiang. 2015. Enzymatic browning and antioxidant activities in harvested litchi fruit as influenced by apple polyphenols. Food Chemistry 171:191-199.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Accepted Year Published: 2016 Citation: Zhu, Y., J. Yu, J.K. Brecht, T. Jiang, and X. Zheng. 2016. Pre-harvest application of oxalic acid increases quality and resistance to Penicillium expansum in kiwifruit during postharvest storage. Food Chemistry 190:537-543. (In press. Available online since 3 June, 2015)
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Awaiting Publication Year Published: 2016 Citation: Li, P., X. Zheng, M.G.F. Chowdhury, K. Cordasco, and J.K. Brecht. 2016. Pre-storage application of oxalic acid to alleviate chilling injury in mango fruit. HortScience (In press) (Also to be published in Proc. Florida State Hort. Soc. Vol. 130)


Progress 04/09/14 to 09/30/14

Outputs
Target Audience:Results of these studies will be distributed to horticultural and other plant scientists through publication in peer-reviewed scholarly journals, presentations at national/international scientific conferences, and incorporation into course curricula, as well as through presentations to related industry audiences. . Changes/Problems: Nothing Reported What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?The studies described have constituted the focus of two PhD projects as well as research contributed by visiting scientists and support personnel. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?Publication in high-impact refereed journals and presentations at national and international conferences. Results of mango internal discoloration research were presented to mango export associations in Ecuador and Peru and to the National Mango Board. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?Investigate the relationship of hot water treatment of mango fruit used commercially for insect quarantine purposes on the fruit response to 1-MCP.Investigate cause of the putative chilling injury disorder of mango fruit, cutting black. Initate an investigation of the role of nitrogen fertilization on peach fruit postharvest physiology and quality.

Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals? Continuous ethylene exposure induces acute tissue watersoaking of immature, commercial-harvest maturity beit-alphacucumber fruit (Cucumis sativus L., cv. Manar). Ethylene-induced watersoaking is preceded by hallmark features ofprogrammed cell death (PCD) including loss of cell viability, increased nuclease activity, and DNA laddering. Furtherinvestigation has revealed that the terminal phase of PCD is accompanied by upregluated nucleases and proteases, enzymesthat contribute to the final execution phase of PCD. The enzymes include both those enhanced and those newly synthesizedin response to ethylene. Tomato fruit following ripening initiation show hypersensitivity to 1-methylcyclopropene applied under hypobaria (10 kPa).Treatment with 1-MCP for 1 h under atmospheric conditions had negligible effects on softening and timing and magnitude ofpeak ethylene production, and moderate effects on respiration and lycopene and PG accumulation. By sharp contrast, fruitexposed to 1-MCP under hypobaric hypoxia for 1 h showed acute, long-term disturbance of ripening. Mid-climacterictrajectories for hue angle and firmness declines were arrested for 10 days and peak ethylene production delayed for 12 dcompared with those for all other treatments. Fruit treated with 1-MCP/hypobaric hypoxia required nearly 10 to 12 d beforelycopene, PG levels and hue angle reached values similar to those for the other treatments. The results indicate that tomatofruit at advanced ripening stage remain strongly ethylene responsive. Studies were conducted to determine the efficacy of delayed and prolonged ethylene treatment in alleviating firmnessasynchrony enhanced by 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) exposure in avocado. The effect of ethylene treatment wasinvestigated by exposing 1-MCP-treated fruit to ethylene (100 uL L-1 ) for 2 or 4 days at 20 °C upon reaching two progressiveripening stages (120 N or 80 N of whole fruit firmness, respectively). 1-MCP-treated fruit showed pronounced firmnessasynchrony, with pulp firmness for apical end 10-fold higher than for distal end. A prolonged, 4-d ethylene treatment of fruit ateither progressive ripening stage effectively overcame the pronounced firmness asynchrony caused by 1-MCP treatment. Thecontinuous and prolonged exposure to ethylene of 1-MCP-treated fruit appears to have been sufficient to promote adequaterecovery of ethylene sensitivity.

Publications

  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2014 Citation: Dong, X., Huber, D.J., Rao, J., Lee, J.H., 2014. Rapid ingress of gaseous 1-MCP and acute suppression of ripening following short-term application to mid-climacteric tomato under hypobaria. Postharvest Biol. Technol. 86, 285-290.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2015 Citation: Lee, J., Hurr, B.M., Huber, D.J., Vallejos, C.E., Sargent, S.A., 2015. Characterization of proteases and nucleases associated with ethylene-induced programmed cell death in immature cucumber fruit. Postharvest Biol. Technol. 110, 190-196.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2015 Citation: Pereira, M.C.E., Sargent, S.A., Huber, D.J., 2015. Delayed and prolonged ethylene treatment alleviates firmness asynchrony enhanced by 1-methylcyclopropene exposure in Guatemalan-West Indian avocado Postharvest Biol. Technol. 108, 54-60.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2015 Citation: Berry, A.D., Sargent, S.A., Pereira, M.E.C., Huber, D.J., 2015. Postharvest Ripening and Quality of Guatemalan-West Indian Avocado Hybrids Under Simulated Commercial Shipping Temperatures Following Treatment with Aqueous 1-Methylcyclopropene. HortTechnology 25, 85  89.