Source: UNIV OF MARYLAND submitted to NRP
FACTORS AFFECTING SEEDLING ESTABLISHMENT
Sponsoring Institution
National Institute of Food and Agriculture
Project Status
COMPLETE
Funding Source
HATCH
Reporting Frequency
Annual
Accession No.
1002600
Grant No.
(N/A)
Cumulative Award Amt.
(N/A)
Proposal No.
(N/A)
Multistate No.
(N/A)
Project Start Date
Mar 12, 2014
Project End Date
Jan 12, 2019
Grant Year
(N/A)
Program Code
[(N/A)]- (N/A)
Recipient Organization
UNIV OF MARYLAND
(N/A)
COLLEGE PARK,MD 20742
Performing Department
Environmental Science and Technology
Non Technical Summary
Seedling establishment is a critical period in plant growth and development. Seedling establishment occurs when the seedling 1) is competent to photosynthesize, assimilate water and nutrients (apart from seed stores) required to grow, and so must undergo developmentally appropriate cellular and tissue differentiation and maturation, and 2) can appropriately respond to environmental stimuli such as light, gravity and touch. This transition between germination/ emergence and growth independent of the seed stores is crucial as seedlings are susceptible to unfavorable biotic and abiotic factors during this stage. This is especially important for agronomic crops needed for food and fuel. Depending on the crop and cultivar, 10%-55% for maize and up to 48% to70% for edamame seedlings fail at this stage in the field. The results of this work can be used for crop improvement at the critical stage of seedling establishment which becomes increasingly important as the climate changes. In addition, this information can be applied to natural ecosystems as well as agricultural ecosystems.The basic methods used will be to make a model of seedling establishment. The factors that will go into the model are the genes that are turned on and turned off during seedling establishment, and the coordination and of the proteins that increase and decrease during seedlings establishment. These basic science pieces of information can be combined to make a model that will help us identify and then understand the processes that occur during this time. Once we understand how seedling establishment occurs, then we can apply this information to food crops and predict what characteristics are important to seedlings establishment as the climate changes.
Animal Health Component
0%
Research Effort Categories
Basic
100%
Applied
0%
Developmental
0%
Classification

Knowledge Area (KA)Subject of Investigation (SOI)Field of Science (FOS)Percent
20624201020100%
Knowledge Area
206 - Basic Plant Biology;

Subject Of Investigation
2420 - Noncrop plant research;

Field Of Science
1020 - Physiology;
Goals / Objectives
The major goal of this project is to enhance seedling establishment in agricultural and ecosystem settings to increase crop yield and maintain or restore natural habitats.The objectives that will be undertaken to achieve these goals are to determine1. The transcriptional events in roots that affect seedling establishment2. The post-translational events in roots that affect seedling establishment3. Model these interactions to identify traits that promote seedling establishment
Project Methods
1. The transcriptional events in roots that affect seedling establishmentInducible gene expression and silencing of target genes at the critical seedling stage of 3-5 day post-germination will be used for transcriptome analyses.Genes up- and down-regulated with will evaluated for at least 4-fold change in expression and significance (P < 0.05). The results will be validated by quantitative real-time PCR. Those genes that meet the criteria will be followed up with molecular, genetic and biochemical analyses: the genes will cloned, mutants characterized, labeled constructs made to complement the mutants (streptavidin, HA, fluorescent protein) (Murphy et al., 2002; Geisler et al., 2005; Blakeslee et al., 2007; Titapiwatanakun et al., 2008; Peer et al., 2009), which will be used in biochemical (co-immunoprecipitations) and cell biology analyses with APM1 and in apm1 with the appropriate controls. My lab has expertise in these methods (see above publications). Split-luciferase constructs (Rebois et al., 2008) expressed in the S. pombe system (Yang and Murphy, 2009) will be used to test protein-protein interactions using BRET (Bouchard et al., 2008).2. The post-translational events in roots that affect seedling establishmentInducible gene expression and silencing of target genes at the critical seedling stage of 3-5 day post-germination will be used for transcriptome analyses.MUDPIT will be used to identify changes in proteins. Proteins up- and down-regulated with will evaluated for at least 4-fold change in expression and significance (P < 0.05). These data will be compared to the transcriptional data, and a hierarchy of will be established for analyses of the proteins as described above.3. Model these interactions to identify traits that promote seedling establishmentThe transcriptional and post-translational data will be used to create a computational model that integrates the two sets of data: the gene regulatory network and the proteome regulatory network. Then, then the model will be tested by perturbing the system by altering variable in the gene regulatory network and the proteome regulatory network. Then environmental stress factors will be integrated into the model. The results will be compared to in planta data to validate the predictive capability of the model.

Progress 03/12/14 to 01/12/19

Outputs
Target Audience:The target audiences were scientific colleagues and students, and includes engaging and training graduate and undergraduate students in research methods in the PI's lab. These graduate and undergraduate students enrolled in ENST 689Y Plant Membrane Biology and PLSC 400/BSCI 442 Plant Physiology, actively engaged in current research discoveries, will help inform the PI's lectures and training in research development. Also, students were engaged in invasive plants research, and seedling establishment which are important for understanding invasive plants. Target audience also includes stakeholders interested in weeds. Changes/Problems: Nothing Reported What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?Ten undergradaute students,six women (two are minority), and two minority graduate students (one is a woman) were trained in the final year of this project. Demographics were not reported in previous years. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?The restults were disseminated in 10 peer-reviewed publications and 24 presentations, 5 book chapters, and 3 theses/dissertations. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals? Nothing Reported

Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals? Progress was made on all three objectives. For transcriptional analyses, quantitative real-time PCR data showed changes in expression in mutated lines for genes associated with successful seedlings establishment. Loss of expression of one gene caused change in expression in other genes. This period focused on auxin and asparyl proteases in seedling etablishment during stress. Models of interactions of factors are being developed.

Publications

  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: Pereira FCM, Tayengwa R, Alves PL, Peer WA*. (2018) Phosphate status affects phosphate transporter expression and glyphosate uptake and transport in grand Eucalyptus (Eucalyptus grandis). Weed Science 67:2940. doi: 10.1017/wsc.2018.58
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: The Importance of Seedling Establishment in Agriculture. Jishou University, Jishou, China. May 28, 2018.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: The Role of Auxin Oxidation in Plant Growth and Development. Huanan Agricultural University, Changxa, China, May 29, 2018.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: The Role of Auxin Oxidation in Plant Growth and Development. Huanan University, Changxa, China, May 30, 2018.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: The Role of Auxin Oxidation in Plant Growth and Development. Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, Chinese Academy of Science, Shanghai, China, June 1, 2018.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: The Role of Auxin Oxidation in Plant Growth and Development. College of Resources and Environmental Science at Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China, June 4, 2018.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: The Role of Auxin Oxidation in Plant Growth and Development. Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, China, June 6, 2018.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: Development of genetic markers for invasiveness potential of non-native plant species for weed risk assessment models. Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Riverdale, MD. Simulcast to APHIS, Raleigh, NC, February 8, 2018
  • Type: Theses/Dissertations Status: Published Year Published: 2016 Citation: Zhang, Jun. IDENTIFICATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF IAA OXIDASES AND THEIR ROLE IN IAA HOMEOSTATIC REGULATION IN ARABIDOPSIS. University of Maryland PhD Dissertation
  • Type: Theses/Dissertations Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: Harris, Chinchu (2018). A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF RANDOM FOREST AND LOGISTIC REGRESSION FOR WEED RISK ASSESSMENT. University of Maryland
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2017 Citation: Zhang J, Peer WA* (2017). Auxin homeostasis: The DAO of catabolism. Journal of Experimental Botany 12:31453154.doi.org/10.1093/jxb/erx221
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2017 Citation: The Arabidopsis ASPARTLY PROTEASE 2 functions in the trans-Golgi Network. Society for Experimental Biology.Gothenburg, Sweden, 2-6 July, 2017.
  • Type: Theses/Dissertations Status: Published Year Published: 2017 Citation: Wattarantenne, Kasuni. The MEIOTIC PROPHASE AMINOPEPTIDASE 1 regulates polyploidy in Arabidopsis thaliana, University of Maryland Library
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Accepted Year Published: 2016 Citation: Yang H, Wei H, Ma G, Antunes MS, Vogt S, Cox J, Zhang X, Liu X, Bu L, Gleber SC, Carpita NC, Makowski L, HimmelME, Tucker MP, McCann MC, Murphy AS, Peer WA*. (2106). Cell wall targeted in planta iron accumulation enhancesbiomass conversion and seed iron concentration in Arabidopsis and rice. Plant Biotechnology Journal 14:1998-2009. doi:10.1111/pbi.12557
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2016 Citation: Cossu A, Ercan D, Wang Q, Peer WA, Nitin N, Tikekar RV (2016) Antimicrobial effect of synergistic interaction betweenUV-A light and gallic acid against Escherichia coli O157:H7 in fresh-produce wash water and biofilm. Innovative FoodScience and Emerging Technologies, DOI: 10.1016/j.ifset.2016.07.020
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2016 Citation: Zhang J, Lin J, Harris C, Mastrotti Pereira F, Wu F, Blakeslee JJ, Peer WA* (2016) DAO1 catalyzes temporal and tissue-specific oxidative inactivation of auxin in Arabidopsis thaliana. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA, 13:1101011015, www.pnas.org/cgi/doi/10.1073/pnas.1604769113
  • Type: Book Chapters Status: Published Year Published: 2016 Citation: Carraro N, Peer WA* (2016) "Immunolocalization of PIN and ABCB Transporters in Plants", Environmental Responses inPlants, Methods in Molecular Biology, Paula Duque, ed. Springer. pp. 55-67.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2016 Citation: Oxidative inactivation of auxin by DAO1 regulates growth in Arabidopsis thaliana. 22nd International Conference on PlantGrowth Substances. Toronto, Canada, June 21-25, 2016.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2016 Citation: Stress hormone induction of saposin-domain aspartyl protease degradation of ABCB4. National Cancer Institute,Bethesda, MD. January 14, 2016
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2016 Citation: The role of iron in biofuel conversion and hormone redox homeostasis. Institute for Bioscience and BiotechnologyResearch, Shady Grove, MD. March 29, 2016
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2016 Citation: Oxidative inactivation of auxin by DAO1 regulates growth in Arabidopsis thaliana. Mid-Atlantic Section  American Societyof Plant Biology Swarthmore College, PA, April 9, 2016.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2016 Citation: Abiotic stress regulates the auxin transporter ABCB4 via a saposin B aspartic protease. 17th International PlantMembrane Biology Workshop. Annapolis, MD, June 5-10, 2016.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2015 Citation: Wei H, Yang H, Ciesielski PN, Donohoe BS, McCann MC, Murphy AS, Peer WA, Ding SY, Himmel ME, Tucker MP.(2015) Transgenic ferritin overproduction enhances thermochemical pretreatments in Arabidopsis, Biomass andBioenergy, 72: 55-64
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2015 Citation: Guan L, Murphy AS, Peer WA, Gan L, Li Y, Cheng Z-M (Max) (2015) Physiological and molecular regulation ofadventitious root formation. Critical Reviews in Plant Sciences 34, 506-52
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2015 Citation: Vo� U, Wilson MH, Kenobi K, Gould PD, Robertson FC, Peer WA, Lucas M, Swarup K, Casimiro I, Holman TJ, Wells DM,P�ret B, Goh T, Fukaki H, Hodgman TC, Laplaze L, Halliday KJ, Ljung K, Murphy AS, Hall AJ, Webb AAR, Bennett MJ.(2015) The circadian clock rephases during lateral root organ initiation in Arabidopsis thaliana. Nature Communications, 6:7641. DOI: 10.1038/ncomms8641
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2015 Citation: Kriegel A, Andr�s Z, Medzihradszky A, Kr�ger F, Scholl S, Delang S, Patir-Nebioglu MD, Gute G, Yang H, Murphy AS,Peer WA, Pfeiffer A, Krebs M, Lohmann JU, Schumacher K (2015) Job sharing in the endomembrane system: vacuolaracidification requires the combined activity of V-ATPase and V-PPase. Plant Cell, 27: 3383-3396, DOI: 10.1105/tpc.15.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2015 Citation: Efflux transporters in plants: auxin transport. 2015 Gordon Research Conference on Multi-Drug Efflux Systems. Barga,Italy, April 26  May 1, 2015.
  • Type: Book Chapters Status: Published Year Published: 2015 Citation: Peer WA, Murphy AS, Taiz L. (2015) Seed Dormancy, Germination, and Seedling Establishment. In Plant Physiologyand Development, 6th ed. Taiz L, Zeiger E, Moller IM, Murphy AS, eds. Sinaur Assoc., Inc., Sunderland, MA. pp. 513-552
  • Type: Book Chapters Status: Published Year Published: 2015 Citation: Peer WA, Beveridge C, Busov V, Murphy AS, Taiz L. (2015) Vegetative Organogenesis. In Plant Physiology andDevelopment, 6th ed. Taiz L, Zeiger E, Moller IM, Murphy AS, eds. Sinaur Assoc., Inc., Sunderland, MA. pp. 553-590.
  • Type: Book Chapters Status: Published Year Published: 2015 Citation: Peer WA, Monshausen G, Murphy AS, Taiz L. (2015) Signals and Signal Transduction. In Plant Physiology andDevelopment, 6th ed. Taiz L, Zeiger E, Moller IM, Murphy AS, eds. pp. 407-446. Sinaur Assoc., Inc., Sunderland, MA
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2014 Citation: Yang H, Zhang X, Gaxiola RA, Xu G, Peer WA, Murphy AS. (2014). Over-expression of the Arabidopsis proton-pyrophosphatase AVP1 enhances transplant survival, root mass, and fruit development under limiting phosphorusconditions. Journal of Experimental Botany, 65: 3045 3053. doi.org/10.1093/jxb/eru149
  • Type: Book Chapters Status: Published Year Published: 2015 Citation: Peer WA, Sullivan J, Christie J, Murphy AS, Taiz L. (2015) Signals from Sunlight. In Plant Physiology and Development,6th ed. Taiz L, Zeiger E, Moller IM, Murphy AS, eds. Sinaur Assoc., Inc., Sunderland, MA. pp. 447-476.


Progress 10/01/18 to 01/12/19

Outputs
Target Audience:The target audiences were scientific colleagues and students, and includes engaging and training graduate and undergraduate students in research methods in the PI's lab. The graduate and undergraduate students enrolled in ENST 689Y Plant Membrane Biology and PLSC 400/BSCI 442 Plant Physiology, actively engaged in current research discoveries, will help inform the PI's lectures and training in research development. Changes/Problems: Nothing Reported What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?This project provided training for 2 graduate students and 3 undergraduates in research experience and 1 post-doc. The students learned the techniques in the lab, focusing on genetics, molecular biology, biochemistry and cell biology. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest? Nothing Reported What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals? Nothing Reported

Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals? Progress was made on all three objectives. For transcriptional analyses, quantitative real-time PCR data showed changes in expression in mutated lines for genes associated with successful seedlings establishment. Loss of expression of one gene caused change in expression in other genes. Gain- and loss-of function lines of a M1 protease and auxin oxidation is shown to be involved in stress responses. This is important for crop growth regulation under stress conditions. Further information in the role of seed and seed coat development in plants with respect to protease and activity and flavonoids is a link that can be used for crops and against weeds.

Publications


    Progress 10/01/17 to 09/30/18

    Outputs
    Target Audience:The target audiences were scientific collogues and students, and the includes engaging and training graduate and undergraduate students in research methods in my lab. The audience also include graduate and undergraduate students enrolled in ENST 689Y Plant Membrane Biology and PLSC 400/BSCI 442 Plant Physiology, as this will be used to actively engage students in current research discoveries, as it will inform the PI's lectures and training in research development. PI delivered 9 talks and published 1 paper. Changes/Problems: Nothing Reported What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?This project provided training for 4 graduate students and 6 undergraduates in research experience and 1 post-doc. The students learned the techniques in the lab, focusing on genetics, molecular biology, biochemistry and cell biology. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?The results have been disseminated at an international conference, and at multiple universities. The information was also presented to students in the classes I teach. Further 1 paper and 1 thesis were published. Nine presentations were given nationally and inernationally. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?PI will continue to engage graduates and undergraduate students, and work on the goals. The goals of the project focusing on proteases and auxin in seedling development and establishment. PI will also work on getting papers published.

    Impacts
    What was accomplished under these goals? Progress was made on all three objectives. For transcriptional analyses, quantitative real-time PCR data showed changes in expression in mutated lines for genes associated with successful seedlings establishment. Loss of expression of one gene caused change in expression in other genes. Gain- and loss-of function lines of a M1 protease and auxin oxidation is shown to be involved in stress responses. This is important for crop growth regulation under stress conditions. Further information in the role of seed and seed coat development in plants with respect to protease and activity and flavonoids is a link that can be used for crops and against weeds.

    Publications

    • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: Pereira FCM, Tayengwa R, Alves PL, Peer WA. (2018) Phosphate status affects phosphate transporter expression and glyphosate uptake and transport in grand Eucalyptus (Eucalyptus grandis). Weed Science 67:2940. doi: 10.1017/wsc.2018.58
    • Type: Theses/Dissertations Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: Harris, Chinchu (2018). A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF RANDOM FOREST AND LOGISTIC REGRESSION FOR WEED RISK ASSESSMENT. University of Maryland
    • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: Development of genetic markers for invasiveness potential of non-native plant species for weed risk assessment models. Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Riverdale, MD. Simulcast to APHIS, Raleigh, NC, February 8, 2018.
    • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: The Importance of Seedling Establishment in Agriculture. Jishou University, Jishou, China. May 28, 2018.
    • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: The Role of Auxin Oxidation in Plant Growth and Development. Huanan Agricultural University, Changxa, China, May 29, 2018.
    • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: The Role of Auxin Oxidation in Plant Growth and Development. Huanan University, Changxa, China, May 30, 2018.
    • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: The Role of Auxin Oxidation in Plant Growth and Development. Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, Chinese Academy of Science, Shanghai, China, June 1, 2018.
    • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: The Role of Auxin Oxidation in Plant Growth and Development. College of Resources and Environmental Science at Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China, June 4, 2018.
    • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: The Role of Auxin Oxidation in Plant Growth and Development. Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, China, June 6, 2018.
    • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: Phosphate status effects glyphosate uptake and transport in Eucalyptus grandis. Weed Science Society of America Annual January 29 - February 1, 2018. Crystal Gateway Marriott, Arlington, VA
    • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: IAA oxidation via DAO2 is important for floral development in Arabidopsis. Auxins and Cytokinins in Plant Development 2018 International Symposium. Prague, Czech Republic, July 1-5, 2018.


    Progress 10/01/16 to 09/30/17

    Outputs
    Target Audience: The target audiences were scientific colleagues and students, and includes engaging and training graduate and undergraduate students in research methods in my lab. The audience also include graduate and undergraduate students enrolled in ENST 689Y Plant Membrane Biology and PLSC 400/BSCI 442 Plant Physiology, as this will be used to actively engage students in current research discoveries, as it will inform the PI's lectures and training in research development. Also, students were engaged in invasive plants research, and seedling establishment is important for invasive plant success. Target audience also includes stakeholders who ask questions about weeds. Changes/Problems: Nothing Reported What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?This project provided training for 3 graduate students and 3 undergraduates in research experience, and 1 high school student. The students learned the techniques in the lab, focusing on genetics, molecular biology, biochemistry and cell biology. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?The results have been disseminated at an international conference in a talk, and one published article. The information was also presented to students in the classes I teach. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?I will continue to engage graduates and undergraduate students, and work on the goals. The goals of the project focusing on M1 peptidases and auxin in seedling establishment. A role for the M1 peptidases in the mitotic cell cycle was discovered. Emphasis on the relationship to auxin is being investigated, and the realtionship to invasive species is being investigated and other invasive species traits is being investigated.

    Impacts
    What was accomplished under these goals? Progress was made on all three objectives. For transcriptional analyses, quantitative real-time PCR data showed changes in expression in mutated lines for genes associated with successful seedlings establishment. Loss of expression of one gene caused change in expression in other genes. Gain- and loss-of function lines of a M1 protease showed altered ploidy level, and therefore this enzyme functions in mitosis. This has implications for seed and plant sizes for crop improvement. Another protease was shown to be imporatnat for seed coat develompent, which may affect dormancy and germination. Models of interactions of factors are being developed.

    Publications

    • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2017 Citation: Zhang J, Peer WA* (2017). Auxin homeostasis: The DAO of catabolism. Journal of Experimental Botany 12:3145⿿3154. doi.org/10.1093/jxb/erx221
    • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2017 Citation: The Arabidopsis ASPARTLY PROTEASE 2 functions in the trans-Golgi Network. Society for Experimental Biology. Gothenburg, Sweden, 2-6 July, 2017.
    • Type: Theses/Dissertations Status: Published Year Published: 2017 Citation: The MEIOTIC PROPHASE AMINOPEPTIDASE 1 regulates polyploidy in Arabidopsis thaliana, University of Maryland Library


    Progress 10/01/15 to 09/30/16

    Outputs
    Target Audience:The target audiences were scientific collogues and students, and the includes engaging and training graduate and undergraduate students in research methods in my lab. The audience also include graduate and undergraduate students enrolled in ENST 689Y Plant Membrane Biology and PLSC 400/BSCI 442 Plant Physiology, as this will be used to actively engage students in current research discoveries, as it will inform the PI's lectures and training in research development. Also, students will be engaged in a new course ENST 689O Invasive plants, and seedling establishment is imporant for invasive plant success. Changes/Problems: Nothing Reported What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?This project provided training for one graduate student and 6 undergraduates in research experience. The students learned the techniques in the lab, focusing on genetics, molecular biology, biochemistry and cell biology. One graduate student received her PhD from this research. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?Six presentations of the data at regional (4) and international (2) conferences were delivered and four journal articles and 1 book chapter that is a methods protocol. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?I will continue to engage graduates and undergraduate students, and work on the goals. The goals of the project focusing on M1 peptidases and auxin in seedling establishment. The relationship of M1 peptidases and auxin is strong, and that is how the M1 peptidases were discovered. I wll focus on one of the M1 family membes during this next period, and inveitgate more of the role of seedlings establishment for invasive species. I will continue to inviestigate the role of auxin and the new protease in seedling establishment as well.

    Impacts
    What was accomplished under these goals? Progress was made on all three objectives. The main discuovery was that auxin oxidative product 2-oxindole-3-acetic acid, oxIAA, is important for auxin homeostasis. My lab disocvered the two enzymes that catalyze this reaction in Arabidopsis, and characerized the enzymes and the phenotypes of loss-of-function mutants. This affects seedlings establishment. We also discovered how to deliver iron to the cell wall in Arabidopsis and rice without negatively affecting the plant. We also discovered that specialized plant coundpinds, when exicited by UV radiation, can be microcidal. Progress was also made an an unique protease that is important to seedling establishment.

    Publications

    • Type: Journal Articles Status: Accepted Year Published: 2016 Citation: Lin C-Y, Jakes JE, Donohoe BS, Ciesielski PN, Yang H, Gleber S-C, Vogt S, Ding S-Y, Peer WA, Murphy AS, McCann MC, Himmel ME, Tucker MP, Wei H. (2016) Directed plant cell wall accumulation of iron: Embedding co-catalyst for efficient biomass conversion. Biotechnology for Biofuels, 9:225 DOI 10.1186/s13068-016-0639-2.
    • Type: Journal Articles Status: Accepted Year Published: 2016 Citation: Yang H, Wei H, Ma G, Antunes MS, Vogt S, Cox J, Zhang X, Liu X, Bu L, Gleber SC, Carpita NC, Makowski L, Himmel ME, Tucker MP, McCann MC, Murphy AS, Peer WA*. (2106). Cell wall targeted in planta iron accumulation enhances biomass conversion and seed iron concentration in Arabidopsis and rice. Plant Biotechnology Journal 14:1998-2009. doi: 10.1111/pbi.12557
    • Type: Journal Articles Status: Accepted Year Published: 2016 Citation: Cossu A, Ercan D, Wang Q, Peer WA, Nitin N, Tikekar RV (2016) Antimicrobial effect of synergistic interaction between UV-A light and gallic acid against Escherichia coli O157:H7 in fresh-produce wash water and biofilm. Innovative Food Science and Emerging Technologies, DOI: 10.1016/j.ifset.2016.07.020
    • Type: Journal Articles Status: Accepted Year Published: 2016 Citation: Zhang J, Lin J, Harris C, Mastrotti Pereira F, Wu F, Blakeslee JJ, Peer WA* (2016) DAO1 catalyzes temporal and tissue-specific oxidative inactivation of auxin in Arabidopsis thaliana. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA, 13: 1101011015, www.pnas.org/cgi/doi/10.1073/pnas.1604769113.
    • Type: Book Chapters Status: Accepted Year Published: 2016 Citation: Carraro N, Peer WA* (2016) "Immunolocalization of PIN and ABCB Transporters in Plants", Environmental Responses in Plants, Methods in Molecular Biology, Paula Duque, ed. Springer. pp. 55-67.
    • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Accepted Year Published: 2016 Citation: Oxidative inactivation of auxin by DAO1 regulates growth in Arabidopsis thaliana. 22nd International Conference on Plant Growth Substances. Toronto, Canada, June 21-25, 2016.
    • Type: Other Status: Accepted Year Published: 2016 Citation: Stress hormone induction of saposin-domain aspartyl protease degradation of ABCB4. National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD. January 14, 2016
    • Type: Other Status: Accepted Year Published: 2016 Citation: The role of iron in biofuel conversion and hormone redox homeostasis. Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, Shady Grove, MD. March 29, 2016
    • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Accepted Year Published: 2016 Citation: Oxidative inactivation of auxin by DAO1 regulates growth in Arabidopsis thaliana. Mid-Atlantic Section  American Society of Plant Biology Swarthmore College, PA, April 9, 2016.
    • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Accepted Year Published: 2016 Citation: Abiotic stress regulates the auxin transporter ABCB4 via a saposin B aspartic protease. 17th International Plant Membrane Biology Workshop. Annapolis, MD, June 5-10, 2016.


    Progress 10/01/14 to 09/30/15

    Outputs
    Target Audience:The target audiences were scientific collogues and students. The target audience is a new graduate student who will be trained in molecular genetics and biochemistry techniques. Audience also include graduate and undergraduate students enrolled in ENST 689Y Plant Membrane Biology and PLSC 400/BSCI 442 Plant Physiology, as this will be used to actively engage students in current research discoveries, as it will inform the PI's lectures and training in research development. I delivered 5 talks on seedlings establishment and factors affecting seedlings establishment. Five talks were given at universities or agencies in different parts of the US and one was an international talk at the Gordon Research Conference in Italy. Changes/Problems: Nothing Reported What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?This project provided training for two graduate students and 11 undergraduates in research experience. The students learned the techniques in the lab, focusing on genetics, molecular biology, biochemistry and cell biology. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?The results have been disseminated at an international conference, and at multiple universities. The information was also presented to students in the classes I teach. Further 4 papers were published and 5 book chapters. The textbook is the most widely used plant physiology textbook world wide. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?I will continue to engage graduates and undergraduate students, and work on the goals. The goals of the project focusing on M1 peptidases and auxin in seedling establishment. The relationship of M peptidases and auxin is strong, and that is how the M1 peptidases were discovered. Emphasis on the relationship to auxin is being investigated.

    Impacts
    What was accomplished under these goals? Progress was made on all three objectives. For transcriptional analyses, quantitative real-time PCR data showed changes in expression in mutated lines for genes associated with successful seedlings establishment. Loss of expression of one gene caused change in expression in other genes. Post-translational events showed that when and where the gene product is affects how it functions and the environment, such as pH, is critical. Models of interactions of factors are being developed.

    Publications

    • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2015 Citation: Wei H, Yang H, Ciesielski PN, Donohoe BS, McCann MC, Murphy AS, Peer WA, Ding SY, Himmel ME, Tucker MP. (2015) Transgenic ferritin overproduction enhances thermochemical pretreatments in Arabidopsis, Biomass and Bioenergy, 72: 55-64.
    • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2015 Citation: Guan L, Murphy AS, Peer WA, Gan L, Li Y, Cheng Z-M (Max) (2015) Physiological and molecular regulation of adventitious root formation. Critical Reviews in Plant Sciences 34, 506-52.
    • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2015 Citation: Vo� U, Wilson MH, Kenobi K, Gould PD, Robertson FC, Peer WA, Lucas M, Swarup K, Casimiro I, Holman TJ, Wells DM, P�ret B, Goh T, Fukaki H, Hodgman TC, Laplaze L, Halliday KJ, Ljung K, Murphy AS, Hall AJ, Webb AAR, Bennett MJ. (2015) The circadian clock rephases during lateral root organ initiation in Arabidopsis thaliana. Nature Communications, 6: 7641. DOI: 10.1038/ncomms8641
    • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2015 Citation: Kriegel A, Andr�s Z, Medzihradszky A, Kr�ger F, Scholl S, Delang S, Patir-Nebioglu MD, Gute G, Yang H, Murphy AS, Peer WA, Pfeiffer A, Krebs M, Lohmann JU, Schumacher K (2015) Job sharing in the endomembrane system: vacuolar acidification requires the combined activity of V-ATPase and V-PPase. Plant Cell, 27: 3383-3396, DOI: 10.1105/tpc.15.
    • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2015 Citation: Efflux transporters in plants: auxin transport. 2015 Gordon Research Conference on Multi-Drug Efflux Systems. Barga, Italy, April 26  May 1, 2015.
    • Type: Book Chapters Status: Published Year Published: 2015 Citation: Peer WA, Murphy AS, Taiz L. (2015) Seed Dormancy, Germination, and Seedling Establishment. In Plant Physiology and Development, 6th ed. Taiz L, Zeiger E, Moller IM, Murphy AS, eds. Sinaur Assoc., Inc., Sunderland, MA. pp. 513-552.
    • Type: Book Chapters Status: Published Year Published: 2015 Citation: Peer WA, Beveridge C, Busov V, Murphy AS, Taiz L. (2015) Vegetative Organogenesis. In Plant Physiology and Development, 6th ed. Taiz L, Zeiger E, Moller IM, Murphy AS, eds. Sinaur Assoc., Inc., Sunderland, MA. pp. 553-590.
    • Type: Book Chapters Status: Published Year Published: 2015 Citation: Peer WA, Monshausen G, Murphy AS, Taiz L. (2015) Signals and Signal Transduction. In Plant Physiology and Development, 6th ed. Taiz L, Zeiger E, Moller IM, Murphy AS, eds. pp. 407-446. Sinaur Assoc., Inc., Sunderland, MA.
    • Type: Book Chapters Status: Published Year Published: 2015 Citation: Peer WA, Sullivan J, Christie J, Murphy AS, Taiz L. (2015) Signals from Sunlight. In Plant Physiology and Development, 6th ed. Taiz L, Zeiger E, Moller IM, Murphy AS, eds. Sinaur Assoc., Inc., Sunderland, MA. pp. 447-476.


    Progress 03/12/14 to 09/30/14

    Outputs
    Target Audience:Target audiences Proteomics was conducted and results were presented to an international science community at the Society of Experimental Biology meeting in 2014. Efforts The research results were incorporated in my Plant Physiology lectures in the classroom, and also informed the chapter I wrote for the Plant Physiology and Development textbook used inside and outside the classroom. Changes/Problems: Nothing Reported What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?A new graduate student was recruited to work on the project. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?The results of the proteomics were presented at an international conference: SEB 2014 annual meeting What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?Continue to work on 2. The post-translational events in roots that affect seedling establishment:heterologously express APM1 in insect cells for validation of the proteomics via pull-downs and co-IPs

    Impacts
    What was accomplished under these goals? The work accomplished during this period addressed Objective 2 --The post-translational events in roots that affect seedling establishment.

    Publications

    • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2014 Citation: SEB Abstract book
    • Type: Journal Articles Status: Accepted Year Published: 2014 Citation: Yang H, Zhang X, Gaxiola RA, Xu G, Peer WA, Murphy AS. (2014). Over-expression of the Arabidopsis proton-pyrophosphatase AVP1 enhances transplant survival, root mass, and fruit development under limiting phosphorus conditions. Journal of Experimental Botany, 65: 3045 3053. doi.org/10.1093/jxb/eru149