CLIMATE MITIGATION AND ADAPTATION IN FOREST ECOSYSTEMS

• Sponsoring Institution: National Institute of Food and Agriculture
• Project Status: COMPLETE
• Funding Source: MCINTIRE-STENNIS
• Reporting Frequency: Annual
• Accession No.: 1002501
• Project Start Date: Feb 23, 2014
• Project End Date: Feb 22, 2019
• Program Code: [(N/A)]- (N/A)

Recipient Organization
UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA
G022 MCCARTY HALL
GAINESVILLE,FL 32611

Performing Department
Forest Resources and Conservation

Non Technical Summary
The overarching goal of this CRIS project is to produce knowledge in support of the sustainable management of planted southern pine forests under variable and changing climate conditions. Specifically, this research will focus on three main areas: (1) Interactive response of planted pine to throughfall diversion and fertilization; (2) Competition dynamics in clonal loblolly pine with contrasting crown architecture; and (3) Carbon dynamics in pine ecosystems.

Animal Health Component

50%

Research Effort Categories

Basic

50%

Applied

50%

Developmental

(N/A)

Classification

Knowledge Area (KA)	Subject of Investigation (SOI)	Field of Science (FOS)	Percent
123	0611	1060	50%
123	0611	1070	50%

Knowledge Area
123 - Management and Sustainability of Forest Resources;

Subject Of Investigation
0611 - Conifer forests of the South;

Field Of Science
1060 - Biology (whole systems); 1070 - Ecology;

Keywords

pine

pine plantation

loblolly pine

slash pine

longleaf pine

carbon sequestration

climate change

Goals / Objectives
To produce knowledge in support of the sustainable management of planted southern pine forests under variable and changing climate conditions. Specifically, this research will focus on three main areas: (1) Interactive response of planted pine to throughfall diversion and fertilization; (2) Competition dynamics in clonal loblolly pine with contrasting crown architecture; and (3) Carbon dynamics in pine ecosystems.

Project Methods
Response of planted pine to throughfall diversion and fertilizationThis study is taking place at the PINEMAP Tier 3 installation near Perry, Florida. The site was planted in the winter of 2003 with a seed orchard mix of St. Joe 2nd generation open-pollinated stock at a spacing of approximately 5.5 x 11 feet. The study design is a randomized complete block containing two levels of fertilization and throughfall exclusion in a 2x2 factorial arrangement. Treatments include: fertilization with 200N, 25P, 50K (lbs. /ac) and micronutrient blend as to eliminate any nutrient deficiencies, and an exclusion of 30% of incoming throughfall. A 30% reduction in throughfall was selected as this represents the extreme of predicted changes in precipitation. The factorial design results in four individual treatment types. Each individual treatment type was replicated four times for a total of 16 plots. Treatment types include:1) Control (C): ambient throughfall, no fertilizer2) Fertilization (F): ambient throughfall, fertilization3) Throughfall Exclusion (D): throughfall exclusion, no fertilizer4) Fertilization and Throughfall Exclusion (FD): 30% throughfall exclusion, fertilization.All measurements are taken in 48 x 55 ft, measurement plots. Measurement plots are surrounded by a 20 ft. treated buffer on all sides, followed by an additional 30 ft. buffer around the treatment plot. An inventory of all trees in measurement plots was conducted in the spring of 2012 before treatments were applied to assess baseline conditions. Treatments were applied in April of 2012 and all plots were treated with herbicide to remove competing vegetation. An additional inventory was conducted in the winter of 2013 in order to assess the impact of treatments on stand growth. Additional inventories will be conducted every winter until 2016. Inventories include measurements of diameter at breast height (DBH, 4.5ft.) and total tree height. Transpiration is being measured on five trees per plot using heat dissipation sap flow probes as described by Granier in 1987. Measurement trees were selected using the "quantiles of total" technique (Cermák and Michálek 1991). This technique skews the sample distribution toward the larger diameter trees which tend to dominate stand transpiration. Canopy transpiration is calculated using the proportion of measurement tree sapwood area to total plot sapwood area. Measurements were taken every minute and half hour averages were stored on data loggers.Leaf water potential is being measured on shoot tips of four trees per plot approximately every three to four months using a portable pressure chamber (PMS 1000; MPS Instrument Co., Corvallis, Oregon). Samples are taken on trees equipped with sap flow probes from predawn until the early evening in order to capture a wide range of leaf water potential. Whole-tree hydraulic conductance is determined by the absolute value of the slope of the regression of leaf water potential and sap flow rate.Both litterfall traps and Licor LAI-2000 plant canopy analyzers are being used to measure LAI. Leaf litter is collected from traps monthly. LAI-2000 samples are taken every 4-6 weeks from March-September. A weather station has also been installed at the site to measure photosynthetically active radiation, temperature, relative humidity and precipitation. All sensors are measured every minute and half hour averages are stored on data loggers.Data from these studies will be analyzed by ANOVA to understand main effects and interactive effects on growth and water relations of planted loblolly pine. In addition, data from the experiments will be used to parameterize and verify process-based models such as 3-PG (Landsberg and Waring 1997, Landsberg et al 2001), which can then be used as tools to explore the potential responses of planted pine to future climate and management scenarios.Competition dynamics in clonal loblolly pine with contrasting crown architectureIn the fall/winter of 2009-2010, we established two new long-term experimental trials, VARIETIES (Varietal ARchitecture Investigations Examining Tree Interactions on Experimental Sites). VARIETIES was designed to understand: 1) the dynamics of clones propagated as somatic embryos, by comparing the mechanisms of growth of pure full-sib family and clonal blocks and 2) whether clones possessing characteristics typical of a crop ideotype exibit differences in inter-tree competitive dynamics which are propagated to differences in stand level characteristics compared to competition ideotypes. Two VARIETIES installations were established: VARIETIES I was planted in winter 2008-2009 near Starke, FL, and consisted of five SE clones and one full sib family planted at 995 t/ha and 1793 t/ha density (one narrow crowned, 2 moderate crowned and one wide crowned clone). The second installation was established in winter 2009-2010 near Gainesville, Florida, and consists of three SE clones (one narrow crowned, one moderate crowned, and one wide crowned clone) and one full sib family planted at 741 t/ha and 1482 t/ha density. The study was arranged as a split-split plot design, with spacing as the whole plot, thinning as the split plot, and genotype plots randomly arranged within each treatment combination. In 2010, we focused on measuring, contrasting and understanding differences in crown structure and early growth dynamics among the various clones in VARIETIES I. Measurements included dbh, height, crown width, crown volume, branch numbers, branch diameter, branch length, branch angles, specific needle area, and foliar nitrogen. Leaf area will be estimated for each clone using branch allometric equations, specific needle area estimates and field inventory data. Estimates of growth efficiency will be derived for each clone and statistical analyses will compare crown architecture and growth dynamics among clones. In 2012, we destructively harvested 24 trees from three contrasting clones in VARIETIES 1 for estimation of biomass distribution and growth efficiency. Stand-level biomass and nutrient budgets will be derived from the harvest and inventory data, and will be used to derive light- and nutrient-use efficiency estimates for the contrasting clones. Analysis of neighborhood competitive indices will allow us to quantify the impacts of individual tree-tree competitive dynamics on stand-level traits.Carbon dynamics in pine ecosystemsSince 1997, the Forest Biology Research Cooperative at the University of Florida has established a series of field experiments ranging from Virginia to eastern Texas. These experimental locations, each containing a range of silvicultural and / or genetic treatments, are periodically measured and represent a long-term dataset describing growth and production dynamics of loblolly and slash pine genotypes across the full range of environmental variation within the species' ranges. These data, as well as data from ongoing eddy covariance NEP measurements in slash pine forests in northern Florida are available for analysis and for future model development. We will capitalize on these resources to better understand the dynamics of NEP as influenced by climate and soils, and will further develop existing models of carbon dynamics developed in our lab for planted loblolly and slash pine (Gonzalez-Benecke et al. (2010, 2011) and for longleaf pine (Gonzalez-Benecke et al. 2012). Special attention will be paid to better development of post-canopy-closure dynamics associated with combinations of environmental variation and silvicultural treatments such as fertilization and thinning.

Progress 02/23/14 to 02/22/19

Outputs
Target Audience:Forest scientists and natural resource managers. Changes/Problems: Nothing Reported What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?A postdoctoral scientist made substantial progress on forest C dynamics analysis and has published several manuscripts. Several undergraduate students are employed assisting with various aspects of laboratory and field work associated with the project. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?Peer reviewed publications, presentations at professional meetings, and presentations at corporate forestry research cooperative meetings. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?Project end.

Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals? (1) Interactive response of planted pine to throughfall diversion and fertilization Intensive measurements, including inventory, litterfall collection, sap flow measurement, and meteorological measurements continued and some completed. Publications. (2) Competition dynamics in clonal loblolly pine with contrasting crown architecture Measurements continued on these experiments. (3) Carbon dynamics in pine ecosystems. Manuscripts published on carbon dynamics and modeling.

Publications

• Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: Helliker, B.R., X.Song, M.L.Goulden, K.L.Clark, P.V.Bolstad, J.W.Munger, J.Chen, A.Noormets, D.Hollinger, S.Wofsy, T.A.Martin, D.D.Baldocchi, E.S.Euskirchen, A.R.Desai, and S.P.Burns. 2018. Assessing the interplay between canopy energy balance and photosynthesis with cellulose ?18O: large-scale patterns and independent ground-truthing. Oecologia 187 (4):995-1007.
• Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: Gonzalez-Benecke, C.A., D. Zhao, L.J. Samuelson, T.A. Martin, D.J. Leduc, and S.B. Jack. 2018. Local and general above-ground biomass functions for Pinus palustris trees. Forests 9(6), 310; https://doi.org/10.3390/f9060310
• Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: Chu, H., D.D.Baldocchi, C.Poindexter, M.Abraha, A.R.Desai, G.Bohrer, M.A.Arain, T.Griffis, P.D.Blanken, T.L.O'Halloran, R.Q.Thomas, Q.Zhang, S.P.Burns, J.M.Frank, D.Christian, S.Brown, T.A.Black, C.M.Gough, B.E.Law, X.Lee, J.Chen, D.E.Reed, W.J.Massman, K.Clark, J.Hatfield, J.Prueger, R.G.Bracho, J.M.Baker, and T.A.Martin. 2018. Temporal dynamics of aerodynamic canopy height derived from eddy covariance momentum flux data across North American flux networks. Geophysical Research Letters 45:https://doi.org/10.1029/2018GL079306
• Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: Bracho, R., J.G. Vogel, R.E. Will, A. Noormets, L.J. Samuelson, E.J. Jokela, C.A. Gonzalez-Benecke, S.A. Gezan, D. Markewitz, J.R. Seiler, B.D. Strahm, R.O. Teskey, T.R. Fox, M.B. Kane, M.A. Laviner, K.M. McElligot, J. Yang, W. Lin, C.R. Meek, J. Cucinella, M.K. Akers, and T.A. Martin. 2018. Carbon accumulation in loblolly pine plantations is increased by fertilization across a soil moisture availability gradient. Forest Ecology and Management 424:39-52

Progress 10/01/17 to 09/30/18

Outputs
Target Audience:Forest scientists and natural resource managers. Changes/Problems: Nothing Reported What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?A postdoctoral scientist made substantial progress on forest C dynamics analysis and has published several manuscripts. Several undergraduate students are employed assisting with various aspects of laboratory and field work associated with the project. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?Peer reviewed publications, presentations at professional meetings, and presentations at corporate forestry research cooperative meetings. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?Project ended this year.

Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals? (1) Interactive response of planted pine to throughfall diversion and fertilization Intensive measurements, including inventory, litterfall collection, sap flow measurement, and meteorological measurements continued and some completed. Publications. (2) Competition dynamics in clonal loblolly pine with contrasting crown architecture Measurements continued on these experiments. (3) Carbon dynamics in pine ecosystems. Manuscripts published on carbon dynamics and modeling.

Publications

• Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: Chu, H., D.D.Baldocchi, C.Poindexter, M.Abraha, A.R.Desai, G.Bohrer, M.A.Arain, T.Griffis, P.D.Blanken, T.L.OHalloran, R.Q.Thomas, Q.Zhang, S.P.Burns, J.M.Frank, D.Christian, S.Brown, T.A.Black, C.M.Gough, B.E.Law, X.Lee, J.Chen, D.E.Reed, W.J.Massman, K.Clark, J.Hatfield, J.Prueger, R.G.Bracho, J.M.Baker, and T.A.Martin. 2018. Temporal dynamics of aerodynamic canopy height derived from eddy covariance momentum flux data across North American flux networks. Geophysical Research Letters 45:https://doi.org/10.1029/2018GL079306
• Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: Helliker, B.R., X.Song, M.L.Goulden, K.L.Clark, P.V.Bolstad, J.W.Munger, J.Chen, A.Noormets, D.Hollinger, S.Wofsy, T.A.Martin, D.D.Baldocchi, E.S.Euskirchen, A.R.Desai, and S.P.Burns. 2018. Assessing the interplay between canopy energy balance and photosynthesis with cellulose ?18O: large-scale patterns and independent ground-truthing. Oecologia 187 (4):995-1007.
• Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: Gonzalez-Benecke, C.A., D. Zhao, L.J. Samuelson, T.A. Martin, D.J. Leduc, and S.B. Jack. 2018. Local and general above-ground biomass functions for Pinus palustris trees. Forests 9(6), 310; https://doi.org/10.3390/f9060310
• Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: Bracho, R., J.G. Vogel, R.E. Will, A. Noormets, L.J. Samuelson, E.J. Jokela, C.A. Gonzalez-Benecke, S.A. Gezan, D. Markewitz, J.R. Seiler, B.D. Strahm, R.O. Teskey, T.R. Fox, M.B. Kane, M.A. Laviner, K.M. McElligot, J. Yang, W. Lin, C.R. Meek, J. Cucinella, M.K. Akers, and T.A. Martin. 2018. Carbon accumulation in loblolly pine plantations is increased by fertilization across a soil moisture availability gradient. Forest Ecology and Management 424:39-52

Progress 10/01/16 to 09/30/17

Outputs
Target Audience:Forest scientists and natural resource managers. Changes/Problems: Nothing Reported What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?A postdoctoral scientist made substantial progress on forest C modeling and has published several manuscripts. Several undergraduate students are employed assisting with various aspects of laboratory and field work associated with the project. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?Peer reviewed publications, presentations at professional meetings, and presentations at corporate forestry research cooperative meetings. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?Continue activities as described in the project plan and timeline.

Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals? (1) Interactive response of planted pine to throughfall diversion and fertilization Intensive measurements, including inventory, litterfall collection, sap flow measurement, and meteorological measurements continued and some completed. Publications. (2) Competition dynamics in clonal loblolly pine with contrasting crown architecture Measurements continued on these experiments. (3) Carbon dynamics in pine ecosystems. Manuscripts published on carbon dynamics and modeling.

Publications

• Type: Books Status: Published Year Published: 2017 Citation: Eigenbrode, S.D., T.A. Martin, L. Wright Morton, J. Colletti, P. Goodwin, R. Gustafson, D. Hawthorne, A. Johnson, L. Mercado, S. Pearl, T. Richard, and M. Wolcott. 2017. Leading large transdisciplinary projects addressing social-ecological systems: A primer for project directors. USDA National Institute for Food and Agriculture, Washington, D.C. 69 p.
• Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2017 Citation: Quesada,T., *L.M. Parisi, D.A. Huber, S.A. Gezan, T.A. Martin, J.M. Davis, and G.F. Peter. 2017. Genetic control of growth and shoot phenology in juvenile loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) clonal trials. Tree Genetics and Genomes 13(3):1-15.
• Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2017 Citation: Ahmed, M.A.A., A. Abd-Elrahman, F.J. Escobedo, W.P. Cropper, Jr., T.A. Martin, and N. Timilsina. 2017. Spatially-explicit modeling of multi-scale drivers of aboveground forest biomass and water yield in watersheds of the Southeastern United States. Journal of Environmental Management 199:158-171.
• Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2017 Citation: Thomas, R.Q., E. Brooks, A. Jersild, E. Ward, R. Wynne, T.J. Albaugh, H. Dinon Aldridge, H.E. Burkhart, J.-C. Domec, T.R. Fox, C.A. Gonzalez-Benecke, T.A. Martin, A. Noormets, D.A. Sampson, and R.O. Teskey. 2017. Leveraging 35 years of forest research in the southeastern U.S. to constrain carbon cycle predictions: regional data assimilation using ecosystem experiments. Biogeosciences DOI: 10.1111/gcb.13717.
• Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2017 Citation: Gonzalez-Benecke, C.A., R.O. Teskey, H. Dinon Aldridge, and T.A. Martin. 2017. Pinus taeda forest growth predictions in the 21st century vary with site mean annual temperature and site quality. Global Change Biology http://dx.doi.org/ 10.1111/gcb.13717.
• Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2017 Citation: Samuelson, L.J., T.A. Stokes, J.R. Butnor, K.H. Johnsen, C.A. Gonzalez-Benecke, T.A. Martin, W. P. Cropper, Jr., P.H. Anderson, M.R. Ramirez, and J.C. Lewis. 2017. Ecosystem carbon density and allocation across a chronosequence of longleaf pine forests. Ecological Applications 27:244-259.

Progress 10/01/15 to 09/30/16

Outputs
Target Audience:Forest scientists and natural resource managers. Changes/Problems: Nothing Reported What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?A postdoctoral scientist made substantial progress on forest C modeling and has published several manuscripts. Several undergraduate students are employed assisting with various aspects of laboratory and field work associated with the project. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?Peer reviewed publications, presentations at professional meetings, and presentations at corporate forestry research cooperative meetings. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?Continue activities as described in the project plan and timeline.

Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals? (1) Interactive response of planted pine to throughfall diversion and fertilization Intensive measurements, including inventory, litterfall collection, sap flow measurement, and meteorological measurements continued. A graduate thesis was completed on water relations in this experiment, and a publication resulted. (2) Competition dynamics in clonal loblolly pine with contrasting crown architecture Measurements continued on these experiments. (3) Carbon dynamics in pine ecosystems. Manuscripts published on carbon dynamics and modeling.

Publications

• Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2016 Citation: Wightman, M.G., T.A. Martin, C.A. Gonzalez-Benecke, E.J. Jokela, W.P. Cropper, Jr., and E.J. Ward. 2016. Loblolly pine productivity and water relations in response to throughfall reduction and fertilizer application on a poorly drained site in northern Florida. Forests 7:214, http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f7100214.
• Type: Journal Articles Status: Accepted Year Published: 2016 Citation: Samuelson, L.J., T.A. Stokes, J.R. Butnor, K.H. Johnsen, C.A. Gonzalez-Benecke, T.A. Martin, W. P. Cropper, Jr., P.H. Anderson, M.R. Ramirez, and J.C. Lewis. 2016. Ecosystem carbon density and allocation across a chronosequence of longleaf pine forests in the southeastern USA. Ecological Applications in press.
• Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2016 Citation: Gonzalez-Benecke, C.A., R.O. Teskey, T.A. Martin, E.J. Jokela, T.R. Fox, M.B. Kane, and A. Noormets. 2016. Regional validation and improved parameterization of the 3-PG model for Pinus taeda stands. Forest Ecology and Management 361:237-256.

Progress 10/01/14 to 09/30/15

Outputs
Target Audience:Forest scientists and natural resource managers. Changes/Problems: Nothing Reported What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?A postdoctoral scientist employed by a DOE grant made substantial progress on forest C modeling and has published several manuscripts. Two MS students completed their research and their manuscripts are in various stages of production. Several undergraduate students are employed assisting with various aspects of laboratory and field work associated with the project. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?Peer reviewed publications, presentations at professional meetings, and presentations at corporate forestry research cooperative meetings. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?Continue activities as described in the project plan and timeline.

Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals? Accomplishments by area (1) Interactive response of planted pine to throughfall diversion and fertilization Intensive measurements, including inventory, litterfall collection, sap flow measurement, and meteorological measurements continued. A graduate thesis was completed on water relations in this experiment, and a publication is in preparation. Another publication was published summarizing the range-wide initial responses to treatments in this experimental series. (2) Competition dynamics in clonal loblolly pine with contrasting crown architecture A manuscript was published on the clonal biomass distribution work. (3) Carbon dynamics in pine ecosystems. Several manuscripts published on carbon dynamics and modeling.

Publications

• Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2015 Citation: Morton, L.W., S.D. Eigenbrode, and T.A. Martin. 2015. Architectures of adaptive integration in large collaborative projects. Ecology and Society 20:5-15
• Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2015 Citation: Adewopo, J.B., M.L. Silveira, S. Xu, S. Gerber, L. E. Sollenberger, T. Martin. 2015 Management intensification impacts on particle-size soil carbon fractions in subtropical grasslands: evidence from 13C natural abundance. Soil Science Society of America Journal 79:1198-1205
• Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2015 Citation: Adewopo, J.B., M.L. Silveira, S. Xu, S. Gerber, L.E. Sollenberger, and T.A. Martin. 2015. Management intensification effects on autotrophic and heterotrophic soil respiration in subtropical grasslands. Ecological Indicators 56:6-14
• Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2015 Citation: Gonzalez-Benecke, C.A., L.J. Samuelson, T.A. Martin, W.P. Cropper, Jr., K.H. Johnsen, T.A. Stokes, J.R. Butnor, and P.H. Anderson. 2015. Modeling the effects of forest management on in situ and ex situ longleaf pine forest carbon stocks. Forest Ecology and Management 355:24-36
• Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2015 Citation: Gonzalez-Benecke, C.A., L.J. Samuelson, T.A. Stokes, W.P. Cropper, Jr., T.A. Martin, and K.H. Johnsen. 2015. Understory plant biomass dynamics of prescribed burned Pinus palustris stands. Forest Ecology and Management 344:84-94
• Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2015 Citation: Monroe, M.C., J.J.T. Ireland, and T.A. Martin. 2015. Integration of forestry research and extension in an online gradutae course. Journal of Forestry 113:240-247
• Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2015 Citation: Garcia Villacorta, A.M., T.A. Martin, E.J. Jokela, W.P. Cropper, Jr., and S.A. Gezan. 2015. Variation in biomass distribution and nutrient content in loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) clones having contrasting crown architecture and growth efficiency. Forest Ecology and Management 342:84-92
• Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2015 Citation: Yan, H., S.Q. Wang, D. Billesbach, W. Oechel, G. Bohrer, T.P. Meyers, T.A. Martin, R. Matamala, R.P. Phillips, F. Rahman, Q. Yu, and H.H. Shugart. 2015. Improved global simulations of gross primary product based on a new definition of water stress factor and a separate treatment of C3 and C4 plants. Ecological Modelling 297:42-59
• Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2015 Citation: Gonzalez-Benecke, C.A., A. Riveros Walker, T.A. Martin, and G.F. Peter. 2015. Automated quantification of intra-annual density fluctuations using microdensity profiles of mature Pinus taeda in a replicated irrigation experiment. Trees  Structure and Function 29:185-197
• Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2015 Citation: Will, R.E., T.R. Fox, M.K. Akers, J.-C. Domec, C.A. Gonzalez-Benecke, E.J. Jokela, M. Kane, M.A. Laviner, G. Lokuta, D. Markewitz, M.A. McGuire, C. Meek, A. Noormets, L.J. Samuelson, J.R. Seiler, B. Strahm, R.O. Teskey, J.G. Vogel, E.J. Ward, J. West, D.S. Wilson, T.A. Martin. 2015. A range-wide experiment to investigate nutrient and soil moisture interactions in loblolly pine plantations. Forests 6:2014-2028

Progress 02/23/14 to 09/30/14

Outputs
Target Audience: Forest scientists and natural resource managers. Changes/Problems: Nothing Reported What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided? A postdoctoral scientist employed by a DOE grant has made substantial progress on forest C modeling and has published several manuscripts. Two MS students completed their research and their manuscripts are in various stages of production. Several undergraduate students are employed assisting with various aspects of laboratory and field work associated with the project. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest? Peer reviewed publications, presentations at professional meetings, and presentations at corporate forestry research cooperative meetings. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals? Continue activities as described in the project plan and timeline.

Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals? Accomplishments by area (1) Interactive response of planted pine to throughfall diversion and fertilization Intensive measurements, including inventory, litterfall collection, sap flow measurement, and meteorological measurements continued. A graduate thesis was completed on water relations in this experiment, and a publication is in preparation. Another publication is in preparation summarizing the range-wide initial responses to treatments in this experimental series. (2) Competition dynamics in clonal loblolly pine with contrasting crown architecture A manuscript has been submitted on the clonal biomass distribution work and is under revision after first review. (3) Carbon dynamics in pine ecosystems. Several manuscripts published on carbon dynamics and modeling.

Publications

• Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2014 Citation: Eigenbrode, S.D., L. Wright Morton, and T.A. Martin. 2014. Big interdisciplinarity to address climate change and agriculture: Lessons from three USDA Coordinated Agricultural Projects. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation 69:170A-175A.
• Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2014 Citation: Gonzalez-Benecke, C.A., A. Riveros Walker, T.A. Martin, and G.F. Peter. 2014. Automated quantification of intra-annual density fluctuations using microdensity profiles of mature Pinus taeda in a replicated irrigation experiment. Trees  Structure and Function DOI 10.1007/s00468-014-1103-1.
• Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2014 Citation: Gonzalez-Benecke, C.A., S.A. Gezan, T.J. Albaugh, H.L. Allen, H.E. Burkhart, T.R. Fox, E.J. Jokela, C.A. Maier, T.A. Martin, R.A. Rubilar, and L.J. Samuelson. 2014. Local and general above-stump biomass functions for loblolly pine and slash pine trees. Forest Ecology and Management 334:254-276.
• Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2014 Citation: Subedi,P., E.J. Jokela, J.G. Vogel, and T.A. Martin. 2014. Inter-rotational effects of fertilization and weed control on juvenile loblolly pine productivity and nutrient dynamics. Soil Science Society of America Journal 78(S1): S152-S167
• Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2014 Citation: Adewopo, J.B., M.L. Silveira, S. Xu, S. Gerber, L. E. Sollenberger, and T.A. Martin. 2014. Management intensification impacts on soil and ecosystem carbon stocks in subtropical grasslands. Soil Science Society of America Journal 78:977-986
• Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2014 Citation: Samuelson, L.J., T.A. Stokes, J.R. Butnor, K.H. Johnson, *C.A. Gonzalez-Benecke, P. Anderson, J. Jackson, L. Ferrari, T.A. Martin, and W.P. Cropper, Jr. 2014. Ecosystem carbon stocks in Pinus palustris Mill. forests. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 44:476-486.
• Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2014 Citation: White, T.L., J.M. Davis, S.A. Gezan, J. Hulcr, E.J. Jokela, M. Kirst, T.A. Martin, G.F. Peter, G. Powell, and J. Smith. 2014. Breeding for value in a changing world: Past achievements and future prospects. New Forests 45:301-309.
• Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2014 Citation: Gonzalez-Benecke, C.A., A.I. Susaeta, T.A. Martin, E.J. Jokela, and D.R. Carter. 2014. Balancing revenue and nutrient removals in Pinus elliottii Engelm. stands managed for pinestraw and wood production. Forest Science 60:109-118.
• Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2014 Citation: Gonzalez-Benecke,C.A., S.A. Gezan, L.J. Samuelson, W.P. Cropper, Jr., D.J. Leduc, and T.A. Martin. 2014. Estimating Pinus palustris tree diameter and stem volume from tree height, crown area and stand-level parameters. Journal of Forestry Research 25:43-52.
• Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2014 Citation: Gonzalez-Benecke, C.A., S.A. Gezan, T.A. Martin, W.P. Cropper, Jr., L.J. Samuelson, and D.J. Leduc. 2014. Individual tree diameter, height and volume functions for longleaf pine (Pinus palustris Mill.). Forest Science 60:43-56.