Progress 10/01/18 to 01/01/19
Outputs
Target Audience:Three target audiences reached during this period. First is the scientific audiences of agricultural economics and business management. The second audience is industry stakeholders in US wine trails and artisan cheese guilds. The third audience is US experiment station faculty and staff engaged with local and regional food systems. This audience is particularly important for data analysis of food hubs that bridge local small farms to commercial customers (restaurants, institutions, and intermediaries). Changes/Problems:
Nothing Reported
What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?Two graduate research assistants in the Organizational Economics area of the PhD program in Agricultural and Applied Economics were supported under this project. One completed a dissertation on the network of collective action in specialty cheese industry. That student has successfully been placed in a professorial position in entrepreneurship in the University of Missouri business college. The other is analyzing data on participation in food hubs and local foods marketing in two national datasets. Dissertation completion is projected for 2020. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?Feedback meetings held with wine trail members and staff in three locations in New York and one location in Missouri. These sessions covered best practices for achieving collective identity for collective marketing of wines. Results of a national survey of cheese producers were presented to the industry audience at the US conference of the American Cheese Society in July. Formal publication will follow in 2020. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?This project ends with this reporting period.
Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals?
Analysis of the network structure of US artisanal cheese production was completed. This is documented in the PhD dissertation of Annette C. Kendall, " Changes in the structure and role of entrepreneur networks in an industry over time". Data from the 2015 National Food Hubs Survey were cleaned and analyzed by graduate research assistant Jason D. Entsminger, followed by cluster analysis to identify meaningful classifications of food hubs types. Entsminger also completed cluster analyses of the Local Food Products Marketing Practices survey (USDA/NASS) to identify meaningful categories of agricultural producers using different direct and intermediated marketing channels. Feedback was completed with New York and Missouri wine trail members, reporting on the relative successes in building collective identities for group marketing.
Publications
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Accepted
Year Published:
2019
Citation:
"Collective Identity and Commitment to Group Action", presented to Annual Conference of the International Social Ontology Society, Tampere, Finland, 23 August 2019.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2019
Citation:
Foreman, P., and R. Westgren, "The Dynamics of Collective Identity: Legitimacy, Identification and Commitment in Collectives", presented to the Annual Conference of the Academy of Management, Boston, MA, 13 August 2019.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Accepted
Year Published:
2019
Citation:
Entsminger, Jason. Coordinating Intermediaries in Alternative Food Systems : Comparing Cooperative Food Hubs to Other Modes of Governance and Ownership, presented to 2019 International Cooperative Alliance Research Conference, August 21 to 23, 2019 in Berlin, Germany.
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Progress 01/15/14 to 01/01/19
Outputs
Target Audience:Four target audiences reached during this project. First is the scientific audiences of agricultural economics and business management. Among the professional societies that were engaged are the Agricultural and Applied Economics Assn. (primarily US), That Academy of Management (international), the Strategic Management Society (Int'l), and the International Social Ontology Society (Int'l). The second audience is industry stakeholders in US wine trails and artisan cheese guilds. The third audience is US experiment station faculty and staff engaged with local and regional food systems. This audience is particularly important for data analysis of food hubs that bridge local small farms to commercial customers (restaurants, institutions, and intermediaries). The fourth audience was small groups of state-level and Federal agricultural social scientists who have analysis and oversight responsibilities for local and regional food production and marketing. Changes/Problems:
Nothing Reported
What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?Three M.S. students completed degrees supported by this project: Lindsay Hill (2017), Armen Ghazaryan 9(018), and Kevin Paul. (2019) Two doctoral students were supported: Annette Kendall (completed 2019) and Jason Entsminger (completed 2020). How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?Six direct feedback sessions with agricultural producers who participated in interviews and surveys under this project. Eight professional society presentations. Two MS theses and two doctoral dissertations completed. One journal article accepted. Three journal articles in manuscript review. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?
Nothing Reported
Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals?
Analysis of the network structure of US artisanal cheese production was completed. This is documented in the PhD dissertation of Annette C. Kendall, " Changes in the structure and role of entrepreneur networks in an industry over time". Data from the 2015 National Food Hubs Survey were cleaned and analyzed by graduate research assistant Jason D. Entsminger, followed by cluster analysis to identify meaningful classifications of food hubs types. Entsminger also completed cluster analyses of the Local Food Products Marketing Practices survey (USDA/NASS) to identify meaningful categories of agricultural producers using different direct and intermediated marketing channels. Feedback was completed with New York and Missouri wine trail members, reporting on the relative successes in building collective identities for group marketing.
Publications
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Awaiting Publication
Year Published:
2019
Citation:
Entsminger, Jason and Westgren, Randall. The Organizational Species: An Application of a New Approach to the Taxonomic Classification of Firms, presented to the 14th Conference of the International Network for Economic Method, August 19 to 21, 2019 in Helsinki, Finland
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2018
Citation:
Ghazaryan, Armen, Randy Westgren, Joe Parcell, and Haluk Gedikoglu. 2108. Factors Affecting Farmers Market Produce Prices in Missouri. Journal of Food Products Marketing, Vol 24:8, pp 927-945.
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Progress 10/01/17 to 09/30/18
Outputs
Target Audience:Three target audiences reached during this period. First is the scientific audiences of agricultural economics and business management. The second audience is industry stakeholders in US wine trails and artisan cheese guilds. The third audience is US experiment station faculty and staff engaged with local and regional food systems. This audience is particularly important for data analysis of food hubs that bridge local small farms to commercial customers (restaurants, institutions, and intermediaries). Changes/Problems:
Nothing Reported
What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?Two graduate research assistants in the Organizational Economics area of the PhD program in Agricultural and Applied Economics were supported under this project. One is collecting data and performing analyses of data in the specialty cheese industry and the other is analyzing data on participation in food hubs in a national dataset. Both students have completed PhD coursework. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?Dissemination of results is planned for 2019. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?Feedback meetings with members of Missouri and New York wine trails will be completed in 2019, following analysis of data collected from surveys being collected in early 2019. Feedback from national surveys of artisan cheese producers is scheduled for the 2019 annual conference of the American Cheese society. Profession society papers will follow after dissemination to producer groups.
Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals?
The project team directed its time and financial resources in 2018 to an analysis of food hub typology to better understand the types of strategies and structures that exist across the United States. The team obtained the dataset from the 2015 National Food Hubs Survey through the auspices of the Michigan State grant awardee. The data have been cleaned and significant work has been completed on transforming the raw data into more useful categorical data for completing hierarchical and nonhierarchical cluster analyses. These analyses will be completed prior to the project end date. The team completed interviews with 15 specialty cheese makers in Vermont, New York, and Missouri. A survey was designed and completed for the membership of the American Cheese Society to ascertain their network connections in building a collective approach to technical and market information sharing.
Publications
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Accepted
Year Published:
2018
Citation:
R. Westgren."Identity, Identification, and Intentionality in Formal Organizations", presented to the Biennial Conference of the International Social Ontology Society, Boston, MA, 23 August 2018.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2018
Citation:
"Intentionality and Instantiation of New Strategic Ventures", presented to the Annual Conference of the Strategic Management Society, Paris, France, 24 September 2018.
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Progress 10/01/16 to 09/30/17
Outputs
Target Audience: Two target audiences reached during this period. First is the scientific audiences of agricultural economics and business management. Four professional papers were presented to international audiences in France, The Netherlands, Austria, and Switzerland. Graduate student members of this research team presented four papers to US professional audiences Switzerland, Canada, CA, and IA. The second audience is industry stakeholders in US wine trails and artisan cheese guilds. More than 20 hours of presentations of research results were held with wine trail officers and executive directors in New York State and Missouri during this reporting year. As well, presentations were made to the American Cheese Sciety, which resulted in a contract signed between the University of Missouri and the American Cheese Society for survey research of American cheese producers to commence in 2018. Changes/Problems:
Nothing Reported
What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?Two MS degree programs were completed under this project. One student, Mattie hill, is now working for an economic development consulting firm in Washington, DC. The other student, Armen Ghazaryan, is now completing a PhD in the agricultural marketing field at Colorado State University. Two PhD students are supported by this project. Both have been pursuing fieldwork on collective entrepreneurship: Annette Kendall in artisanal cheese and Jason Entsminger in food hubs. The project has allowed each of these students to attend two professional research conferences and present one conference paper during the reporting year. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?Results have been presented to groups of agricultural producers (wine trail members and artisan cheese producers) in formal feedback sessions resuting from their collaboratoons on data gathering. Results of research have been presented to the LOcal Foods Impact Conference, the Academy of Management, and the Agricultural and Appied Economics Association. In addition, research results have been communicated to the Missouri Wine and Grape Board. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?Objective 2. The next reporting period will include the completion of two manuscripts on the wine trails research study, two manuscripts from the artisanal cheese study, and data analysis from the food hubs interview data and the national local foods database. Objective 3. Data from producer interviews will be collated and case studies for undergraduate and graduate teaching will be written. These will be combined with additional conceptual readings to add substance to curricular materials on collective entrepreneurship.
Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals?
Objective 1. Models of collective entrepreneurship are developed from new literature on social ontology and new institutional economics. The outputs from this activity in the reporting year include three international conference presentations and the development of a module for graduate education in entrepreneurship. Objective 2. Wine trail data collection completed in Missouri and New York State. Results of data analysis will be presented in FY 2018. Data collected on four US food hubs in the MId-Atlantic region and Norhern California- Nevada region. Data access was granted by NASS to use the 2015 Survey of Local Foods Marketing Practices to further analyze food hub structure and perfromance at the national level. Twenty-five artisanal cheese producers were surveyed about their collecyive activities during the reporting year. In addition, eight non-producers with specific knowledge of the artisan cheese industry were surveyed. Network and identity analyses to be completed in FY 2018. Objective 3. One undergraduate course modeule completed and delivered to Agricultural Marketing Systems course in 2017 and one graduate (MS/PhD) course module completed and delivered as part of Organizational Economics specialty area course.
Publications
- Type:
Theses/Dissertations
Status:
Accepted
Year Published:
2017
Citation:
Lindsay Matteson Hill, M.S., Missouri, April 2017.
Thesis title: "Combating Structural Racialization in the Agriculture Industry: A Case Study of Hmong Social Capital and Collective Entrepreneurship in the Twin Cities, MN Region"
- Type:
Theses/Dissertations
Status:
Accepted
Year Published:
2017
Citation:
Armen Ghazaryan, M.S. Missouri, 2017.
"Product Quality and Hedonic pricing in Farmers' Markets"
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Accepted
Year Published:
2107
Citation:
R.E. Westgren and S.G. Pueppke. "Creation and Capture of Innovation returns for Intensive Urban Agriculture Systems", presented to the 11th International European Forum on System Dynamics and Innovation in Food Networks, Innsbruck, Austria, February 13-17, 2017.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Accepted
Year Published:
2016
Citation:
R. Westgren. The Social Ontology of Collective Entrepreneurship , paper to the Collective Intentionality X Conference, The Hague, Netherlands, 31 August 2016.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Accepted
Year Published:
2016
Citation:
Foreman, P.O., and Westgren, R.E. " Collective Entrepreneurship: The Process of Identity Construction in Wine Trails", presented at the annual meeting of The Academy of Management, Anaheim, CA, 8 August 2016.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Accepted
Year Published:
2016
Citation:
Westgren, R.E. and Mills, L. An Agent-Based Model of Entrepreneurial Team Formation , 3rd International Conference on Philosophy of Economics, Aix-en-Provence, France, 16 June 2016.
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Progress 10/01/15 to 09/30/16
Outputs
Target Audience:Three target audiences reached during this period. First is the scientific audiences of agricultural economics and business management. Two professional papers were presented to a US audience (CA) and a European audience (France). The second audience is industry stakeholders in US wine trails. More than 60 hours of discussions were held with wine trail officers and executive directors in New York State in the first half of 2016. The third audience is graduate students in agribusiness management and business. Two lectures on collective entrepreneurship were delivered in a new course on entrepreneurship. Changes/Problems:
Nothing Reported
What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?Ongoing training for three graduate students (at 0.5 FTE) has continued for this reporting period. The three students completed an average of 30 credit hours of graduate classroom and approximately 45 hours of tutorials and field practicum in data collection and analysis from the project director and afiliated PIs. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?Preliminary results of data collection on NY wine trails andartisanal cheese are scheduled for formal feedback to the industries in the second quarter of 2017. Informal communication continues with industry leaders. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?Objective 1. Complete seven manuscripts in the next reporting period for delivery as conference procedings. Four manuscripts will be completed for journal publications during the next reporting period. Initial chapters of two doctoral dissertations will be completed. A new conceptual paper will be prepared on food hub taxonomy for discussion within NIFA project team. Objective 2. Additional data collection is scheduled for wine trails in Missouri, to enhance compatability with New York data collected in this reporting period. Comparative analysis will be completed between MO and NY data by November 2017. Ten to twenty new data points from the artisanal cheese industry will be collected. Objective 3. Theoretical papers developed under objective 1 will be collected for distribution to scientific audiences as curricular materials.
Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals?
Objective 1. Three new conceptual models of collective entrepreneurship were devised and presented to scientific audiences in the US (two presentations) and Europe (3 presentations) in 2016. One conceptual model is on entrepreneurial teamformation,based upon new scholarship in social ontology (small group behavior) was presented and a manuscript prepared for journal publication. It is under first review. The second conceptual model, based upon the economics of innovation and allocation of entrepreneurial rents among collaborating entrepreneurial team partners, is under second review at a highly-rated entrepreneurship journal. The third conceptual model is developed by one of the graduate students associated with the project and uses a combination of network theory and the economics of altruism as its foundations. This model has been presented on campus to a scientific audience and is under review for 2017 presentation in Europe and consequent publication. Objective 2. Field research is underway in studying the following subsectors: Missouriand Michigan food hubs, New York wine trails, and artisanal cheese firms in NY and Vermont. Three graduate students collected data on these industry subsectors in this project period. Initial data analysis was accomplished and reports on the data are scheduled for 2017. Graduate students and the PD are preparing formal manuscripts in 2017 to become part of student dissertations. This field work is associated with two multi-institution, multi-year NIFA awards under the Foundational Grants Program: Award 2014-68006-21838 and a subaward to Michigant State award MICL08493. Objective 3. Two sets of lecture materials on collective entrepreneurship were drafted and tried ina doctoral seminar on entrepreneurship theory and practice.
Publications
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Progress 10/01/14 to 09/30/15
Outputs
Target Audience:1. Wine and grape growers inMissouri and New York . Applied research and outreach activities were directed to current and potential growers of wine grapes and current and potential owners of small wineries. 2.Scientists in agribusiness management and entrepreneurship -- to include professors in agricultural and business schools and their graduate students. Manuscripts and thesis research are directed toward conferences of the Academy of Management, the Strategic Management Society, and to journals serving this target audience. Changes/Problems:
Nothing Reported
What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?The project has provided training for three PhD students (one completed in 2014; 2 others in process) and three MS students (one completed in 2015, two others in process). These students have been trained in qualitative and quantitative data collection and analysis, including interviews and surveys of agricultural producers. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?Feedback from Missouri data anlysis has been presented through the Missouri Wine and Grape Board to extension groups and to the Director of Agriculture and his senior staff. Initial feedback from New York interviews has been postponed until the first quarter of 2016 toi coincide with the timing of a survey of NY wine growers. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?Data collection will begin through scripted interview protocols for wine trails in Texasand Virginia in 2016. (Objective 2) Data collection will begin in New York with a formal survey instrument administered in Spring 2016. (Objective 2) Data collection will begin through semi-structured interviews and secondary data for food hubs in Missouri.(Objective 2.) Development of classroom materials and extension materials on wine trails will commence in quarter 3 of 2016.
Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals?
Objective 1. During this reporting period, one MS thesis was completed that examines entrepreneurial team formation and the mechanisms for sharing goals and collective action. In addition a manuscript was prepared for the scientific jornal The Academy of Management Review on the social ontology of collective behavior, with specific applications to new entrepreneurial ventures. Seminars on this conceptual development were given at the annual meeting of the Academy of Management and in a seminar of the Agricultural, Food, and Resource Economics Deopartment of Michigan State University. Objective 2. Primary data collection (qualitative interviews and quantitative surveys) was completed in Missouri on wine trail collective action. Primary data collection (qualitative interviews) were completed in five wine trails in New York State in 2015. Preliminary industry data on the artisanal cheese industry was completed in 2015. Protocols for data collection were approved by University of Missouri IRB for wine trail studies and all participating researchers have completed IRB and RCR training in 2015. Objective 3. No progress anticipated until 2016.
Publications
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Accepted
Year Published:
2015
Citation:
Social Ontology: Advances in Applications to Entrepreneurship and Organization Theory", invited presentation to the Academy of Management Annual Meeting. Vancouver, BC.
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Under Review
Year Published:
2015
Citation:
Westgren, R.E. and Wuebker, R.J.
"An Economic Model of Strategic Entrepreneurship", Strategic Entrepreneurship Journal.
- Type:
Theses/Dissertations
Status:
Accepted
Year Published:
2015
Citation:
Mills, Lucy. A Study of Collective Entrepreneurship using Agent-based Modeling. MS thesis, University of Missouri.
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Progress 01/15/14 to 09/30/14
Outputs
Target Audience: 1. Wine and grape growers in the State of Missouri. Applied research and outreach activities were directed to current and potential growers of wine grapes and current and potential owners of small wineries. 2. Scientists in agribusiness management and entrepreneurship -- to include professors in agricultural and business schools and their graduate students. Manuscripts and thesis research are directed to conferences of the Academy of Management and to journals serving the target audience. Changes/Problems:
Nothing Reported
What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?
Nothing Reported
How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest? Two conference papers: R.E. Westgren. An Essay on the Social Ontology of Collective Entrepreneurship. Presented to the Academy of Management annual conference, August 2014, Philadelphia, PA. Hofherr, P.W. and R.E. Westgren.The Microfoundations of Collective Entrepreneurship. Paper presented to theSpecial Conference of the Strategic Management Society on Microfoundations at the Copenhagen Business School, 13-15 June 2014. One presentation to Missouri Wine Trail Summit, sponsored by the Missouri Wine and Grape Board: Westgren, R.E. and P.W. Hofherr.Results of Wine Trail Identity Studies in Missouri. May 28, 2014. Rocheport, MO. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals? Data collection will begin through scripted interview protocols for wine trails in New York and Virginia. (Objective 2) Data collection will begin through semi-structured interviews and secondary data for food hubs in Michigan and New York. (Objevtive 2.) A MS thesis on the social ontology of collective entrepreneurship will be completed in summer 2015, in support of Objective 1.
Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals?
Objective 1. A model of collective entrepreneurship was developed with a doctoral student. The model was presented to two scientific conferences in 2014 and is being tested in 2015 under objective 2. Objective 2. Three non-formula research projects were initiated to support objectives 1 and 2. One NIFA grant supports the data collection and analysis for wine trails. Wine trail data were collected and anlyzed for Missouri. Planning was completed for data collection in 2015 in New York and Virginia. Protocols were approved by University of Missouri IRB. One NIFA grant is joint with Michigant State University and is directed toward food hubs in Missouri and Michigan. Data collection will commence in 2015. IRB approval is pending on survey and interview protocols. One grant under the USDA/Missouri Department of Agriculture block grant for Specialty Crops was received in late 2014 and will commence in February 2015. That project is directed toward wine trail collectives in states outside of MO and NY. Objective 3. No progress anticipated until 2016.
Publications
- Type:
Theses/Dissertations
Status:
Accepted
Year Published:
2014
Citation:
Hofherr, Peter W. Identity and Reputation in Organizational Collectives. PhD dissertation, University of Missouri, May 2014.
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