Source: SOUTH DAKOTA STATE UNIVERSITY submitted to NRP
INTEGRATIVE NATIVE INSECT BIODIVERSITY AND BIOMASS FEEDSTOCKS
Sponsoring Institution
National Institute of Food and Agriculture
Project Status
COMPLETE
Funding Source
HATCH
Reporting Frequency
Annual
Accession No.
1002378
Grant No.
(N/A)
Cumulative Award Amt.
(N/A)
Proposal No.
(N/A)
Multistate No.
(N/A)
Project Start Date
Mar 31, 2014
Project End Date
Sep 30, 2018
Grant Year
(N/A)
Program Code
[(N/A)]- (N/A)
Recipient Organization
SOUTH DAKOTA STATE UNIVERSITY
PO BOX 2275A
BROOKINGS,SD 57007
Performing Department
Plant Science
Non Technical Summary
The native terrestrial insects of most regions, including if not especially the northern Great Plains, remain poorly understood and this lack of information restricts competent studies on pest, potential pest, invasive species, and a thorough comprehension of the all important native species. At this time it is impossible to factually state numbers or provide specific identifications on most of the non-pest insects of the region due to the lack of inventory data, documentation, and taxonomic verification. This is information that is in demand by natural resource agencies and persons and institutions with commits to environmental consilience. Therefore it is essential that biodiversity and taxonomic studies of insect groups, particulary those of directed interest such as polliinators, groups with agriculturally important species such as click beetles, and those of specific environmental value be fully studied. This lack of information is particularly acute with regard to native pollinators and insect associates of native plants in natural and manmade grasslands and prairies. Studies to date on native plants being developed as biomass feedstocks already demonstrate a large diversity of undocumented species new to science that possess unique biologies impacting the potentials of such crops. In the end, it is whole organism that is of intellectual and management interest. It is the whole organism for which important user groups request information. It is the whole organism that interacts with us, our livestock and crops, and proximally define our relationships to them. This project will solidify the scientific basis for all other studies on the terrestrial insects of the region and begin to provide public access to each species through Internet portals and interactive webpages.
Animal Health Component
20%
Research Effort Categories
Basic
80%
Applied
20%
Developmental
0%
Classification

Knowledge Area (KA)Subject of Investigation (SOI)Field of Science (FOS)Percent
13631101130100%
Knowledge Area
136 - Conservation of Biological Diversity;

Subject Of Investigation
3110 - Insects;

Field Of Science
1130 - Entomology and acarology;
Goals / Objectives
The overarching goal of this project is to continue the general biodiversity inventory and documentation of insects and related arthropods, particularly those in South Dakota and the northern Great Plains through focussed studies on identified target taxa or discrete environmental settings. Based on prior work this project will explicitly include effort towards elucidating the native insects associated with native plants being investigated as biomass feedstock. This latter effort provide the dual function of providing knowledge of native insect biodiversity as well as addressing basic biology needs in understanding those species associated with novel potential crops. Other work, particularly extra-regional, will involve taxonomic studies on click beetle (Coleoptera, Elateridae) taxonomy and biodiversity, native pollinators in North America and adjacent regions, and related studies as opportunity arises. Elaterid beetle work is international in scope and project goals will include new species discovery, taxonomic revisions, faunal studies, experimental analyses for biogeography and discrete environmental conditions, such as narrow habitats. Specimens acquired through project studies are vouchered in the Severin-McDaniel Insect Research Collection (SMIRC), with additional materials going to the National Museum of Natural History, and selected university and museums with specialists for selected taxa. Specimens are documented and publicly accessed through databases at the University of Kansas, Lawrence, the South Dakota Department of Game, Fish and Parks, The National Park Service, and agencies as needed per individual project effort. SMIRC related efforts are presently funded by a National Science Foundation grant through the InvertNet consortium of institutions. The SMIRC is the primary and largest arthropod biodiversity tool in South Dakota. Hence, it is an essential public resource that provides biodiversity, taxonomic, and species identification to researchers and the general public. This role is comparable to other biological research collections in other state universities to address requisite needs in a sophisticated scientific environment.Specific or directed goals are:1. Inventory and document native insect biological diversity in the Black Hills, and native and remnant prairies and grasslands.2. Determine and describe natural insect associates of native plant species under development as biomass feedstocks, e.g., switchgrass, prairie cordgrass, cupplant, big bluestem, etc.3. Conduct taxonomic research on click beetles of the family Elateridae and their wireworm larvae.4. Report new organism discoveries and formally describe to science newly discovered species.5. Continue enhancements of the Severin-McDaniel Insect Research Collection as the primary scientific resource and documentary repository on arthropod biodiversity in South Dakota and its scientific collaboration nationally and globally.
Project Methods
Species inventories in selected environments will be upgraded and enhanced. A variety of sampling methods will be used that are specific to individual project goals and needs. In most cases insect traps will be used, including the standard Malaise, Lindgren funnels, pitfall, bottle, and light traps, along with normalized methods of hand collecting within specialized microhabitats and rearing of plant associates and their parasitoids. Explicitstudies, including species-level inventories will be conducted on selected groups such as click beetles, moths and gall midges feeding on cellulosic biofuels plants, legume seed-feeding guilds, native bees and other pollinators, host plants of these insects, and other important aspects of insect biology. Specimens will be gathered using convention field protocols to ensure recovery of DNA sequences for barcoding and specific needs as defined by users. Analytical phases will use standard light microscopy enhanced high defined photography and imaging. Specimens will be dissected as needed for identification and taxonomic characterization. DNA sequencing will be done on species associated with biomass feedstocks. All data from freshly acquired materials as well as information captured from historical material in the Severin-McDaniel Insect Research Collection will be entered into relational databases. Extant webpages, Facebook, and other popular social media will be used to present interactive access to the databases.

Progress 03/31/14 to 09/30/18

Outputs
Target Audience:The primary audiences for this work are a breadth of professional scientists, including entomologists, biodiversitists, ecologists, and conservationists, as well as land managers, the general public, and biomass feedstock developers and agronomists in need of basic biodiversity and insect-plant association knowledge. Information transfer was done through scientific publication, popular publication, professional conferences, news and broadcast media, and public lectures and meetings. During the course of the project the primary target audiences reached were professional entomologists, especially taxonomists and biodiversity specialists, Native American educators, land mangers, seed producers, biomass producers, and agronomists. Changes/Problems: Nothing Reported What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?Training and professional development was provided for graduate students that entered the professional workforce. (B. Agbaba, MS; R. Velez, PhD; J.M. Perilla Lopez, MS) Additional contributions included outreach to non-traditional Native American students at the Fort Berthold Community College, New Town, ND. (ca. 15 students in 2016) These students were taught basic native bee identification and taxonomy, use of standardized bee sampling protocols and traps, and specimen processing in preparation for identification and working with professional bee taxonomists. Additional training involved applying this knowledge to a Juneberry pollination project that was conducted on Tribal lands in the Fort Berthold Indian Reservation How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?All research results were disseminated through journal articles, conference posters, conference lectures, public mass media, and presentations directly to collaborators, colleagues and information consumers. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals? Nothing Reported

Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals? Thirty-one (31) of the 35 journal articles published on research in the project were on the discovery of previously unknown organisms and the documentation of insect biological diversity. These papers described 25 species of click beetle as new to science from the Americas, one new species of throscid beetle, one new species of eulophid wasp from switchgrass, one new species of parasitic wasps from aphids on cup plant, and a new species of gall midge from prairie cordgrass. A South American click beetle was reported as newly introduced to Hawaii; 27 species, two genera, two tribes, and one subfamily of click beetle were reported for the first time from Peru; 41 species of click beetle were reported for the first time from Sonora, Mexico; three species of throscid beetle were newly reported from Peru; the cupedid beetle family and the snow scorpionfly family were reported as new to South Dakota; five moss feeding beetle species as new to South Dakota and two from Wyoming; a European gall midge on canary reed grass was reported from South Dakota and was a new North American record for the species; and a parasitoid of the ergot beetle was reported for the first time. This is summarized as describing or assisting the description of 29 species new to science and 80 species providing new continent, country, and state records. In addition to the faunistic aspects of the project noted above, work was conducted on seed beetles, seed-feeding weevils, and their parasitoids associated with the native legumes Platte milk-vetch, American licorice, ground-plum milk-vetch, purple prairie clover, and the weedy black medic. These studies produced new knowledge for discovery of new or poorly understood insect-plant associations, new insect-insect relationships, and new guild and community associations. These discoveries contribute to the advancement of science and our knowledge of biological diversity and its applications. Goal 1. Inventory and document native insect biological diversity in the Black Hills, and native and remnant prairies and grasslands. 100% Accomplished Insect biodiversity surveys in the Black Hills discovered the snow scorpionfly family Boreidae and this was reported as new to South Dakota. Five moss feeding beetle (Byrrhidae) species as new to South Dakota and two from Wyoming. These were all reported in the Proceedings of the South Dakota Academy of Science. This on-going project continues to demonstrate that the biota of the Black Hills Ecoregion is more diverse than traditionally considered and that the region is of scientific and environmental value. Goal 2. Determine and describe natural insect associates of native plant species under development as biomass feedstocks, e.g., switchgrass, prairie cordgrass, cupplant, big bluestem, etc. 100% Accomplished One new species of eulophid wasp was described from switchgrass, along with the reporting of an invasive species reported from the invasive grass smooth brome. This latter wasp parasitizes a gall midge that feeds on the ovules of the grass. All three are now regarded as an invasive complex introduced when dirty bulk seed of smooth brome was imported from Russia during the 1890's and early 20th century. One new species of parasitic wasp from aphids on cup plant was described and additional parasitic wasps were reported from South Dakota for the first time. A new species of gall midge was described from prairie cordgrass, with elucidations of its life history and parasitoids. Studies were also conducted on seed beetles, seed-feeding weevils, and their parasitoids associated with the native legumes Platte milk-vetch, American licorice, ground-plum milk-vetch, purple prairie clover, and the weedy black medic. These studies produced new knowledge for discovery of new or poorly understood insect-plant associations, new insect-insect relationships, and new guild and community associations. A new species of parasitic wasp was discovered associated with American licorice. Investigations on the insects association with cup plant, a native plant with high potential for biomass production, resulted in the discovery of life history details and unreported species of moth, bud-clipping weevil, leaf-mining beetle, and stem-galling wasp. A probable parasitic wasp of the giant eucosma moth, the single greatest pest of agronomic cup plant in South Dakota, was discovered and likely represent a never-before recognized species of parasitic wasp. A new study was initiated within the project that began examining the diversity of parasitic wasps associated with the soybean aphid, the single most important pest of commodity soybean in South Dakota and the Upper Midwest Region. A total of six (6) native species of parasitic wasp were found to attack soybean aphid. None of these wasps were previously used for biological control of soybean or recognized in the economic entomology literature as potentially useful for control of the aphid. We found one of these species of wasp that infested more than 90% of soybean aphid in fields. There are no prior published studies on the impact of native parasitic wasps on soybean aphid in the United States, nor are there studies examining the role of parasite sources around soybean fields. Yet, a biological control project that was developed to introduce a parasitic wasp from northeastern China in the Upper Midwest seems to have failed to establish and have any impact on soybean aphid in the region, and may in part have failed due to the absence of knowledge of native parasitic wasps. The results of this study have the potential to change perspectives on biological control of soybean aphid and agronomic practice to better utilized non-chemical control of this pest. Goal 3. Conduct taxonomic research on click beetles of the family Elateridae and their wireworm larvae. 100% Accomplished Twenty-five (25) species of click beetle as new to science from the Americas, and one new species of throscid beetle were described. A South American click beetle was reported as newly introduced to Hawaii. Twenty-seven (27) species, two genera, two tribes, and one subfamily of click beetle were reported for the first time from Peru. Forty-one (41) species of click beetle were reported for the first time from Sonora, Mexico. Three species of throscid beetle were newly reported from Peru. This project builds upon both click beetle taxonomy and the detection and reporting of non-native, sometimes invasive, species in the United States. Goal 4. Report new organism discoveries and formally describe to science newly discovered species. 100% Accomplished A discovery sum of 29 species new to science and formally described, and 80 species providing new continent, country, and state records were reported in the scientific literature. No other lab in the state conducts organismal discovery such as this. This study contributes to the discovery and documentation of natural species, and improvement of knowledge in support of environmental protection and conservation. Goal 5. Continue enhancements of the Severin-McDaniel Insect Research Collection as the primary scientific resource and documentary repository on arthropod biodiversity in South Dakota and its scientific collaboration nationally and globally. 100% Accomplished Representatives of each of the species reported in the previous objectives were vouchered into the Severin-McDaniel Insect Research Collection. This is the only insect research collection in South Dakota and is the source of research specimens for students, and national and international entomologists, and is the basis for authentic identification services to public and private entities. Infrastructural improvements involving upgrades to specimen drawers and cabinets.

Publications

  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2015 Citation: Johnson, P.J. 2015. Two new species, a new country record, and a key to the species of Aulonothroscus Horn (Coleoptera: Throscidae) from The Bahamas. Insecta Mundi 0412: 1-6.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2015 Citation: Assefa, T, J. Wu, K.A. Albrecht, P.J. Johnson, A. Boe. 2015. Genetic Variation for Biomass and Related Morphological Traits in Cup Plant (Silphium perfoliatum L.). American Journal of Plant Sciences 6: 1098-1108.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2015 Citation: Johnson, P.J. 2015. Aeolus variegatus Curtis is a synonym of Pomachilius subfasciatus (Germar) (Coleoptera: Elateridae). The Coleopterists Bulletin, 69(3): 402-404.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2015 Citation: Johnson, P.J. 2015. A new species of Drapetes Megerle (Coleoptera: Elateridae), with taxonomic summaries and a key to the species of northern North America. Insecta Mundi 0445: 1-13.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2015 Citation: Johnson, P.J. and C.S. Chaboo 2015. Beetles (Coleoptera) of Peru: A survey of the families. Byrrhidae Latreille 1804. Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society, 88(2): 267-268.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2015 Citation: Johnson, P.J. and C.S. Chaboo 2015. Beetles (Coleoptera) of Peru: A survey of the families. Elateridae Leach 1815. Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society, 88(2): 269-272.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2015 Citation: Chaboo, C.S. and P.J. Johnson 2015. Beetles (Coleoptera) of Peru: A survey of the families. Cerophytidae Latreille 1834. Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society, 88(2): 273.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2015 Citation: Perilla L�pez, J.M., P.J. Johnson, R. Gagn� and A. Boe 2015. A new species of Stenodiplosis (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) on Spartina grasses (Poaceae) with notes on its biology and its parasitoid Tetrastichus bromi (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae). Zootaxa, 4057(1): 115-124.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2015 Citation: Johnson, P.J. 2015. Case 3694. Pomachilius variegatus Schwarz, 1904 (Insecta, Coleoptera, ELATERIDAE): proposed conservation of the specific name by suppression of the name Aeolus variegatus Curtis, 1839. Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature, 72(4): 286-287.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2015 Citation: Perilla L�pez, J.M., P.J. Johnson and A. Boe 2015. Morphological and ecological discrimination of two Stenodiplosis (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) on Alopecurus arundinaceus, A. pratensis and Bromus inermis in eastern South Dakota. Proceedings of the South Dakota Academy of Sciences 94: 289-295.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2015 Citation: Boe, A. and P.J. Johnson 2015. First report of seed predators of Platte milkvetch, Astragalus plattensis Nutt, ex T.&G. Proceedings of the South Dakota Academy of Sciences 94: 297-301.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2016 Citation: Johnson, P.J. and L.A. Hesler 2016. Tenomerga cinerea (Say) (Coleoptera: Cupedidae), a new South Dakota state record for the family. The Coleopterists Bulletin 70(1): 194-195.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2016 Citation: Johnson, P.J. and C.S. Chaboo 2016. First record of the beetle family Throscidae (Insecta: Coleoptera), a new species of Aulonothroscus Horn, and new species records to the fauna of Peru. Revista Peruana de Biolog�a 23(3): 237-242.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2016 Citation: Johnson, P.J. 2016. Five new species of Dipropus Germar (Coleoptera: Elateridae) from west-central North America, and a lectotype designation for Elater soleatus Say. Insecta Mundi 0523: 1-27.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2016 Citation: Boe, A. and P.J. Johnson. 2016. Reproductive biology of American licorice (Glycyrrhiza lepidota Pursh) in western South Dakota with new seed insect associations. Proceedings of the South Dakota Academy of Sciences 95: 91-103.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2016 Citation: Boe, A., R. Bortnem and P.J. Johnson 2016. Changes in weight and germinability of black medic seed over a growing season, with a new seed predator. Proceedings of the South Dakota Academy of Sciences 95: 105-117.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2016 Citation: Perilla L�pez, J.M. and P.J. Johnson 2016. The ergot beetle, Acylomus pugetanus Casey (Coleoptera: Phalacridae), is parasitized by a Mesopolobus Walker (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae). The Coleopterists Bulletin, 70(1): 276-278.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2017 Citation: Kula, R.R., P.J. Johnson, T.T. Heidel-Baker and A. Boe 2017. A new species and key for Acanthocaudus Smith (Braconidae: Aphidiinae), with new host and distribution records for aphidiines associated with Silphium perfoliatum L. (Asterales: Asteraceae). Zootaxa 4236(3): 543-552.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2017 Citation: Van Tassel, D., K. Albrecht, J. Bever, A. Boe, Y. Brandvain, T. Crews, M. Gansberger, P. Gerstberger, L. Gonz�lez-Paleo, B. Hulke, N. Kane, P. Johnson, V. Picasso Risso, E. Pestsova, J. Prasifka, D. Ravetta, B. Schlautman, C. Sheaffer, K. Smith, P. Speranza, K. Turner, A. Vilela, P. von Gehren, and C. Weaver. 2016. Accelerating Silphium domestication: an opportunity to develop new crop ideotypes and breeding strategies informed by multiple disciplines. Crop Science, 57: 1-11.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2017 Citation: Boe, A., P.J. Johnson, V. Owens, D. Lee, J. Guo and J.L. Gonzalez-Hernandez 2017. Genetics and partitioning for biomass of prairie cordgrass compared to switchgrasss on marginal cropland. BioEnergy Research, DOI 10.1007/s12155-017-9849-0.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2017 Citation: Mathison, B.A. and P.J. Johnson 2017. A new species of Dipropus Germar (Coleoptera: Elateridae) from Florida, with taxonomic and morphological notes and a new key to the species of the eastern United States. Insecta Mundi, 0566: 1-7.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2017 Citation: Johnson, P.J., C. Ogura-Yamada, P.D. Krushelnycky and G.A. Samuelson 2017. Conoderus posticus (Eschscholtz) (Coleoptera: Elateridae), a new state record for Hawai`i, and a key to local species. Records of the Hawaiian Biological Survey for 2016. Bishop Museum Occasional Papers 119: 19-22.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2017 Citation: Johnson, P.J. 2017. A new species of Dodecacius Schwarz (Coleoptera: Elateridae) from Madre de Dios, Peru / Una nueva especie de Dodecacius Schwarz (Coleoptera: Elateridae) de Madre de Dios, Per�. Revista Peruana de Biolog�a, 24(3): 243-248.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2017 Citation: Boe, A. and P.J. Johnson 2017. Fates of ovules in groundplum milk-vetch (Astragalus crassicarpus Nutt.) in South Dakota. Proceedings of the South Dakota Academy of Science, 96: 121-129.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: Johnson, P.J., Z.A. Yefremova, J.M. Perilla L�pez and E.N. Yegorenkova 2018. Aprostocetus chilophagae new species (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) from South Dakota, with taxonomic notes on A. bromi (Kostjukov) and A. nebraskensis (Girault). Zootaxa, 4514(4): 473-486.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: Johnson, P.J. 2018. New species of Elateridae (Coleoptera) from Sonora, Mexico, with new country and state records, new taxonomic changes and a classificatory checklist. Dugesiana, 25(1): 11-31.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: Perilla L�pez, J.M. and P.J. Johnson 2018. Coniophora graminicola Nijveldt (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae), a European gall midge newly discovered in North America. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington 120(1): 227-230.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: Johnson, P.J., H.K. Boyd and C.S. Chaboo 2018. New species of Elateridae (Coleoptera) from Madre de Dios, Peru, with new taxonomic changes and distribution records / Especies nuevas de Elateridae (Coleoptera) de Madre de Dios, Per�, con nuevos cambios taxon�micos y registros de distribuci�n. Revista Peruana de Biolog�a, 25(2): 75-90.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: Etzler, F.E. and P.J. Johnson 2018. Athoplastus, a new genus of click beetle (Coleoptera: Elateridae: Dendrometrinae) from the northwestern United States. The Coleopterists Bulletin, 72(3): 503-521.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: Johnson, P.J. 2018. Campylomorphus serricornis (Mannerheim) (Coleoptera: Elateridae), a new combination. The Coleopterists Bulletin 72)3): 554-557.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Awaiting Publication Year Published: 2018 Citation: Johnson, P.J. and D.C. Lightfoot 2018. New species and new records for Elateridae (Coleoptera) from Cuatrocienegas, Coahuila, Mexico. Insecta Mundi, in press
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Awaiting Publication Year Published: 2018 Citation: Johnson, P.J. 2018. Boreus coloradensis Byers (Insecta: Mecoptera), a species and family new to the Black Hills and South Dakota. Proceedings of the South Dakota Academy of Sciences 97: 61-65.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Awaiting Publication Year Published: 2018 Citation: Johnson, P.J. 2018. New occurrences of Byrrhidae (Coleoptera) and bryophagy in the Black Hills ecosystem, South Dakota and Wyoming. Proceedings of the South Dakota Academy of Sciences 97: 67-76,
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Awaiting Publication Year Published: 2018 Citation: Boe, A., P.J. Johnson and A.M. Martens 2018. Seed set and seed-insect interactions in natural and cultivated populations of purple prairie clover. Proceedings of the South Dakota Academy of Sciences, 97: 255.
  • Type: Theses/Dissertations Status: Published Year Published: 2017 Citation: Perilla L�pez, J.M., 2017. Grass-Feeding gall midges (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) and their parasitoids in eastern South Dakota. MS Thesis, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Awaiting Publication Year Published: 2018 Citation: Martens, A.P. and P.J. Johnson 2018. Aphid-parasitoid (Hemiptera & Hymenoptera) trophic interactions in eastern South Dakota. Proceedings of the South Dakota Academy of Sciences, 97: 83-92.
  • Type: Theses/Dissertations Status: Published Year Published: 2017 Citation: Agbaba. B., 2017. A survey of non-crop plants as alternative hosts to raspberries for Drosophila suzukii (Spotted wing drosophila). MS Thesis, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD.
  • Type: Theses/Dissertations Status: Published Year Published: 2016 Citation: Velez, R. 2016. A Revision of the bee genus Ptiloglossa Smith (Hymenoptera: Colletidae: Diphaglossinae). PhD Thesis, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2015 Citation: Clark, W.H., P.E. Blom and P.J Johnson 2015. Philolithus elatus (LeConte) associated with Pogonomyrmex salinus Olsen nest soils in southeastern Idaho. 57th Idaho Academy of science and Engineering Annual Meeting and Symposium, Boise, ID, March 20.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2015 Citation: Johnson, P.J. 2015. Elateroid beetles of The Bahamas: present and future diversity. Proceedings of the South Dakota Academy of Science 94: 375.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2015 Citation: Yefremova, Z., J. Manuel Perilla L�pez, E. Yegorenkova and P.J. Johnson. 2015. Aprostocetus Westwood (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) on Stenodiplosis Reuter (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae), with notes on hosts, associates, and community invasion. 4th International Entomophagous Insects Conference, Torre del Mar, M�laga, Spain, Oct. 4-9.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2017 Citation: Johnson, P.J. and A. Boe. 2017. Fate of ovules in a prairie legume. Proceedings of the South Dakota Academy of Sciences. Aprll 15
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2017 Citation: Martens, A.P. and P.J. Johnson. 2017. Parasitoid wasps from soybean aphid, Aphis glycines Matsumura (Hemiptera: Aphididae), in eastern South Dakota. South Dakota Academy of Sciences, April 15.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2015 Citation: Perilla L�pez, J.M., P.J. Johnson, Z. Yefremova, E. Yegorenkova, and A. Boe. 2015. Tetrastichus bromi (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) Invaded Parasitoid Guilds of Stenodiplosis (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) in the northern Great Plains. Entomological Society of America National Conference, joint with ASA, CSSA, and SSSA, Minneapolis, MN, November, 18.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2017 Citation: Hall, A., K. Hartman, T. Sand-Driver and P. Johnson. 2017. An investigation study of juneberry (Amelanchier alnifolia) phenology on the Fort Berthold Indian Reservation. American Indian Higher Education Consortium, Washington, D.C., August 2.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2017 Citation: Archambault, A., K. Hartman and P. Johnson. 2017. Pollinator sampling sites on the Fort Berthold Indian Reservation. American Indian Higher Education Consortium, Washington, D.C., August 2.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2017 Citation: VanTassel, A., L.B. Patrick, L. Winkler, P. Johnson. 2017. Comparing spider (Araneae) diversity in remnant vs restored tallgrass prairie in eastern South Dakota. South Dakota Academy of Sciences annual meeting, Mitchell, SD, April 15.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2017 Citation: Martens, A.P., P.J. Johnson, G.L. Miller and R.R. Kula. 2017. How well do we really known aphid-parasitoid associations? Entomological Society of America National Conference, Denver, CO November 7.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2016 Citation: Johnson, P.J. 2016. Bahamian Elateroid Beetle Diversity and Geographic Relations. International Congress of Entomology & Entomological Society of America National Conference. Orlando, FL, September 27.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2015 Citation: Perilla L�pez, J.M., P.J. Johnson and A. Boe 2015. Grass-feeding gall midges (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) and their parasitoids in eastern South Dakota. Entomological Society of America National Conference, joint with ASA, CSSA, and SSSA, Minneapolis, MN, November, 18.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2018 Citation: Johnson, P.J. 2018. Elateridae classification status and biology knowledge needs. Entomological Society of America/Entomological Society of Canada/Entomological Society of British Columbia joint national conferences, Vancouver, British Columbia; 12 November.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2018 Citation: Williams, L., J. Serrano, J.G. Millar and P. Johnson. 2018. Live is in the air  identification and field evaluation of a sex pheromone component of the corn wireworm, Melanotus communis (Gyllenhal) (Coleoptera: Elateridae). Entomological Society of America/Entomological Society of Canada/Entomological Society of British Columbia joint national conferences, Vancouver, British Columbia. 14 November.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2018 Citation: Martens, A.P. and P.J. Johnson 2018. Diversity and taxonomy of Binodoxys Mackauer (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) in the United States. Entomological Society of America/Entomological Society of Canada/Entomological Society of British Columbia joint national conferences, Vancouver, British Columbia; 7 November.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2017 Citation: Martens, A.P. and P.J. Johnson. 2017. Parasitoid wasps from soybean aphid, Aphis glycines Matsumura (Hemiptera: Aphididae), in eastern South Dakota. Proceedings of the South Dakota Academy of Sciences 93: 184.


Progress 10/01/16 to 09/30/17

Outputs
Target Audience:The primary audiences for this work are a breadth of professional scientists, including entomologists, biodiversitists, ecologists, and conservationists, as well as land managers, general public, and biomass feedstock developers and agronomists in need of basic biodiversity and insect-plant association knowledge. Information transfer is done through scientific publication, popular publication, professional conferences, news and broadcast media, and public lectures and meetings. During the last reporting period the primary target audiences reached were professional entomologists, especially taxonomists and biodiversity specialists, Native American educators, land mangers, seed producers, biomass producers, and agronomists. Changes/Problems:Reductions in financial and infrastructural support impinge severely on productivity. The Severin-McDaniel Insect Research Collection continues to grow in its size, contents, collaborations, yet remains institutional unsupported beyond limited space. Grant opportunities continue to decline with changing priorities away from biodiversity and environmental impact in favor of tweaking of genomic technology, and decreased interests in organism impacts and production of native species biomass feedstocks. What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?Graduate research assistants were hired to conduct work on parasitoid wasps attacking native and invasive species of aphid (Abigail Martens, M.S., 49%), and faunal studies on butterflies in northeastern South Dakota (Kendal Davis, M.S., 49%), including federally and state listed threatened and endangered. species. Workshops were conducted for the survey, specimen preparation, and identification of native bees associated with juneberry plantings and native stands at the Nuesta Hidatsa Sahnish College, New Town, ND, on the Ft. Berthold Indian Reservation. One undergraduate technical assistant (Dustin Prouty, B.S., 10%) was hired to process native bee specimens. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?Journal publications andpublic presentations both oral and by poster. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?Specific goals for continuation in the next project year are: Goal 1-Insect Biodiversity. Inventory and document native insect biological diversity in the Black Hills, Native American Indian Reservations, and native and remnant prairies and grasslands. Research focus will be on native bees on Tribal lands in North Dakota and the Prairie Coteau in South Dakota, rare and endangered species of butterflies on the Prairie Coteau of South Dakota, and pollinator surveys as funded. Studies on the beetles of the Black Hills and Big Horn Mountains will be continued. Approximately 33% of the bee study on Tribal lands remains. The Prairie Coteau projects are new with about 20% of the project antipated for completion in the next year. Reduced effort will be directed to describe native insect-plant associations involving biomass feedstocks. Goal 2-Click Beetle Taxonomy.Conduct taxonomic research on click beetles of the family Elateridae and their wireworm larvae. Extensive taxonomic work and organism discovery remains on species within the United States as well as other countries. An international component in this goal is inherent. There is no end-point to this goal. Goal 3-New Organism Discovery.Report new organism discoveries and formally describe to science newly discovered species.As with goal three, this is in reality an ongoing effort with many twist, turns, divergences and scientific successes. Goal 4-Parasitoid Wasp Taxonomy. Diversity and taxonomic studies on parasitoid wasps, focussing on aphid feeding Braconidae, especially in soybean systems. Despite efforts of pest management entomologists the basic ecological dynamics of native and introduced aphid biocontrol agents remains poorly studied. Goal 5-SMIRC Enhancements. Efforts to continue modernizing specimen cabinetry and components inthe Severin-McDaniel Insect Research Collection toward museum quality standards to protect and use this facility asthe primary scientific resource and documentary repository on arthropod biodiversity in South Dakota and its scientific collaboration nationally and globally.

Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals? Goal 1-Insect Biodiversity. (60% accomplished) Efforts were directed at comparing the native beetle faunas of the Black Hills, Bear Lodge Mountains, and the Big Horn Mountains to determine diversity patterns responsive to Pleistocene and Holocene climate changes. In excess of 30 species previously unreported were recovered. Upwards of 52 species of native bee species were recovered as potential pollinators of juneberry on the Fort Berthold reservation. Goal 2-Insect/Plant Associations.(90% completed) This goal is largely met and is reflected in several publications on prairie cordgrass on marginal cropland and the domestication potential of Silphium species. The primary pest species for each native originated crop were reviewed. New to science and newly recognized introduced species of gall midge and eulophid parasitoid wasps were described and the identities of related species determined. Goal 3-Click Beetle Taxonomy. (on-going) Organism discovery involved new species of click beetle and their occurrences outside of native ranges for potential pest species, including 11 new to science. Dodecacius was revised, with a new species from Peru. Nine new species of Dipropus were described from the United States and Mexico. Conoderus posticus, a South American species, was identified from insect survey samples from Oahu, Hawai`i, for the first time. Aulonothroscus tambopata was described from Peru and was the first record of the family Throscidae from that country. This project continues. Approximately 3500 specimens were taxonomically treated as part of research, or identification requests from individuals, andstate and federal agencies, including USDI NPS and USDA ARS, APHIS, and PPQ port inspections. Collaborations continued with the US NMNH, and major insect collections in AZ, CA, FL, MA, TX, and Brazil, Canada, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Gemany, Mexico, Peru, and United Kingdom. Goal 4-New Organism Discovery. (90% completed) Other insect discoveries included a new parasitoid wasps (Aprostocetus sp.) associated with the gall midge Chilophaga virgati specific to switchgrass. Aprostocetus bromi is introduced from western Russia to North America through the importation of unclean seed of smooth brome, Bromus inermis. Aprostocetus nebraskensis is a native parasitoid of the ovule predator gall midge Stenodiplosis wattsi on the native grasses Andropogon gerardi and Sorghastrum nutans. The beetle Acylomus pugetanus was found to feed on ergot fruiting bodies and a Mesopolobus sp. of parasitoid wasp parasitizes its larva. A European gall midge Coniophora graminicola was discovered in North America, associated with European genotypes of reed canary grass, Phalaris arundinacea. American licorice (Glycyrrhiza lepidota) has the bruchid beetle Acanthoscelides aureolus and the eurytomid wasp Bruchophagus grisselli reduce seed production by 12-48%. Seven species of parasitoids are associated with these seed predators. An unknown Bracon sp. was reared from the clover seed caterpillar. This project is about 70% completed. The soybean aphid, Aphis glycines, in eastern South Dakota is primarily parasitized by Lysiphlebus testaceipes, a native species, and an Aphelinus sp., not the introduced wasp Binodoxys communis (Braconidae: Aphidiinae). This project is about 40% completed. The main seed predator of groundplum milk-vetch, Astragalus crassicarpus, is the bruchid beetle Acanthoscelides fraterculus. Approximately 35% of all larval and adult A. fraterculus were immured within the host pod, never successfully emerging. This project was completed. Studies on the insects of cup plant, Silphium perfoliatum, continue. The parasitic wasp Acanthocaudus bicolor was discovered, and A. tissoti parasitizes the aphid Uroleucon cf. rudbeckiae on cup plant. This project is about 90% completed. Goal 5-SMIRC Enhancements. (on-going). Scientific insect collections improvements included acquisition of new specimen drawers and unit trays in a continuing effort to modernize collection infrastructure and protect the integrity of vital specimens. Voucher specimens of parasitoid wasps were accessioned. Approximately, 600 specimens were loaned to researchers. Incoming loans of click beetles and braconid wasps involved nearly 400 specimens.

Publications

  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2016 Citation: Johnson, P.J. 2016. Five new species of Dipropus Germar (Coleoptera: Elateridae) from west-central North America, and a lectotype designation for Elater soleatus Say. Insecta Mundi 0523: 1-27.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2016 Citation: Boe, A. and P.J. Johnson. 2016. Reproductive biology of American licorice (Glycyrrhiza lepidota Pursh) in western South Dakota with new seed insect associations. Proceedings of the South Dakota Academy of Sciences 95: 91-103.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2016 Citation: Boe, A., R. Bortnem and P.J. Johnson 2016. Changes in weight and germinability of black medic seed over a growing season, with a new seed predator. Proceedings of the South Dakota Academy of Sciences 95: 105-117.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2017 Citation: Kula, R.R., P.J. Johnson, T.T. Heidel-Baker and A. Boe 2017. A new species and key for Acanthocaudus Smith (Braconidae: Aphidiinae), with new host and distribution records for aphidiines associated with Silphium perfoliatum L. (Asterales: Asteraceae). Zootaxa 4236(3): 543-552.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2017 Citation: Van Tassel, D., K. Albrecht, J. Bever, A. Boe, Y. Brandvain, T. Crews, M. Gansberger, P. Gerstberger, L. Gonz�lez-Paleo, B. Hulke, N. Kane, P. Johnson, V. Picasso Risso, E. Pestsova, J. Prasifka, D. Ravetta, B. Schlautman, C. Sheaffer, K. Smith, P. Speranza, K. Turner, A. Vilela, P. von Gehren, and C. Weaver. 2016. Accelerating Silphium domestication: an opportunity to develop new crop ideotypes and breeding strategies informed by multiple disciplines. Crop Science, 57: 1-11.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2017 Citation: Boe, A., P.J. Johnson, V. Owens, D. Lee, J. Guo and J.L. Gonzalez-Hernandez 2017. Genetics and partitioning for biomass of prairie cordgrass compared to switchgrasss on marginal cropland. BioEnergy Research, DOI 10.1007/s12155-017-9849-0.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2017 Citation: Martens, A.P. and P.J. Johnson 2017. Parasitoid wasps from soybean aphid, Aphis glycines Matsumura (Hemiptera: Aphididae), in eastern South Dakota. 01 April. South Dakota Academy of Science. Mitchell, SD. Oral presentation.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2017 Citation: Boe, A. and P.J. Johnson. 2017. Fates of ovules in groundplum milk-vetch (Astragalus crassicarpus Nutt.) in South Dakota. Proceedings of the South Dakota Academy of Sciences, 96: 121-129.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2017 Citation: Mathison, B.A. and P.J. Johnson 2017. A new species of Dipropus Germar (Coleoptera: Elateridae) from Florida, with taxonomic and morphological notes and a new key to the species of the eastern United States. Insecta Mundi, 0566: 1-7.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2017 Citation: Johnson, P.J., C. Ogura-Yamada, P.D. Krushelnycky and G.A. Samuelson 2017. Conoderus posticus (Eschscholtz) (Coleoptera: Elateridae), a new state record for Hawai`i, and a key to local species. Records of the Hawaiian Biological Survey for 2016. Bishop Museum Occasional Papers 119: 19-22.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2017 Citation: Johnson, P.J. 2017. A new species of Dodecacius Schwarz (Coleoptera: Elateridae) from Madre de Dios, Peru / Una nueva especie de Dodecacius Schwarz (Coleoptera: Elateridae) de Madre de Dios, Per�. Revista Peruana de Biolog�a 24(3): 243-248.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: Johnson, P.J. 2018. New species of Elateridae (Coleoptera) from Sonora, Mexico, with new country and state records, new taxonomic changes and a classificatory checklist. Dugesiana 25(1): 11-31.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Under Review Year Published: 2018 Citation: Aprostocetus chilophagae new species (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) from South Dakota, with taxonomic notes on A. bromi (Kostjukov) and A. nebraskensis (Girault)
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Awaiting Publication Year Published: 2017 Citation: Perilla L�pez, J.M. and P.J. Johnson 2016. Coniophora graminicola Nijveldt (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae), a European gall midge newly discovered in North America. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington,
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2017 Citation: Martens, A., P.J. Johnson, G.L. Miller and R.R. Kula. 2017. How well do we really know aphid-parasitoid associations? Entomological Society of America National Conference, Denver. 7 November. Poster.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2017 Citation: Martens, A.P. and P.J. Johnson 2017. Parasitoid wasps from soybean aphid, Aphis glycines Matsumura (Hemiptera: Aphididae), in eastern South Dakota. Proceedings of the South Dakota Academy of Science 96: 184.


Progress 10/01/15 to 09/30/16

Outputs
Target Audience:The primary audiences for this work are a breadth of professional scientists, including entomologists, biodiversitists, ecologists, and conservationists, as well as land managers, general public, and biomass feedstock developers and agronomists in need of basic biodiversity and insect-plant association knowledge. Information transfer is done through scientific publication, popular publication, professional conferences, news and broadcast media, and public lectures and meetings. During the last reporting period the primary target audiences reached were professional entomologists, especially taxonomists and biodiversity specialists, land mangers, seed producers, biomass producers, and agronomists. Changes/Problems:Reductions in financial support impinge severely on productivity. The Severin-McDaniel Insect Research Collection continues to be unsupported. Grant opportunities continue to decline with changing priorities away from biodiversity and environmental impact in favor of tweaking of genomic technology, and decreased interests in organism impacts and production of native species biomass feedstocks. What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?Two research associates that completed their training for MS and PhD degrees moved on to further training or professional employment. Two other graduate students were assumed, as were two undergraduate research projects initiated to enhance qualifications for graduate school and taxonomic discovery of pollinators and parasitoid wasps. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?Eleven (11) professional papers were published, are in press, or submitted in diverse journals representative of insect taxonomy, biodiversity, bioenergy research, and scientific academies. Reports of new species discovery were also released to the public via the Severin-McDaniel Insect Research Collection Facebook site, public media, and publication notices were uploaded to ResearchGate. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?No changes. Continue discovery of new species, training of new students, and publication.

Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals? Species of click beetle andparasitoid waspnew to science were discovered, described, named, and documented from the United States, Peru, Ecuador, and Mexico. Native and invasive species were discovered on native and invasive grasses with their impacts evaluated as feeders on ovules and developing seeds. Parasitoid guilds on native and invasive gall midges associated with grass seed were characterized as composed of native species of eulophid wasps that are being displaced by introduced eulophid wasps from Russia and other countries. The introduced grass seed feeders and their introduced parasitoid wasps were found to invade the native grasses and their seed predators, and to induce ecological shifts in the parasitoid guilds, impact native seed predators, and impact native grass seed production. Taxonomic changes in North American click beetles resulted in the discovery of five new species, the renaming of species, and the correcting of historical inaccuracies in the recognition of certain species.

Publications

  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Awaiting Publication Year Published: 2016 Citation: Johnson, P.J. 2016. Five new species of Dipropus Germar (Coleoptera: Elateridae) from west-central North America, and a lectotype designation for Elater soleatus Say. Insecta Mundi
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2016 Citation: Johnson, P.J. and L.A. Hesler 2016. Tenomerga cinerea (Say) (Coleoptera: Cupedidae), a new South Dakota state record for the family. The Coleopterists Bulletin 70(1): 194-195.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2016 Citation: Perilla L�pez, J.M. and P.J. Johnson 2016. The ergot beetle, Acylomus pugetanus Casey (Coleoptera: Phalacridae), is parasitized by a Mesopolobus Walker (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae). The Coleopterists Bulletin, 70(1): 276- 278.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2016 Citation: Johnson, P.J. and C.S. Chaboo 2016. First record of the beetle family Throscidae (Insecta: Coleoptera), a new species of Aulonothroscus Horn, and new species records to the fauna of Peru. Revista Peruana de Biolog�a 23(3): 237-242.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Awaiting Publication Year Published: 2016 Citation: Kula, R.R., P.J. Johnson, T.T. Heidel-Baker and A. Boe 2016. A new species and key for Acanthocaudus Smith (Braconidae: Aphidiinae), with new host and distribution records for aphidiines associated with Silphium perfoliatum L. (Asterales: Asteraceae). Zootaxa
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Submitted Year Published: 2016 Citation: Johnson, P.J., Z.A. Yefremova, J.M. Perilla L�pez and E.N. Yegorenkova 2016. Aprostocetus bromi (Kostjukov) (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) is newly recognized from North America, with new descriptions of females and males, discrimination from A. nebraskensis (Girault), and notes on host and guild associations. Zootaxa
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Submitted Year Published: 2016 Citation: Van Tassel, D., K. Albrecht, J. Bever, A. Boe, Y. Brandvain, T. Crews, M. Gansberger, P. Gerstberger, L. Gonz�lez-Paleo, B. Hulke, N. Kane, P. Johnson, V. Picasso Risso, E. Pestsova, J. Prasifka, D. Ravetta, B. Schlautman, C.Sheaffer, K. Smith, P. Speranza, K. Turner, A. Vilela, P. von Gehren, and C. Weaver. 2016. Accelerating Silphium domestication: an opportunity to develop new crop ideotypes and breeding strategies informed by multiple disciplines. Crop Science
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Awaiting Publication Year Published: 2016 Citation: Boe, A. and P.J. Johnson. 2016. Reproductive biology of American licorice (Glycyrrhiza lepidota Pursh) in western South Dakota with new seed insect associations. Proceedings of the South Dakota Academy of Sciences 95
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Awaiting Publication Year Published: 2016 Citation: Boe, A., R. Bortnem and P.J. Johnson 2016. Changes in weight and germinability of black medic seed over a growing season, with a new seed predator. Proceedings of the South Dakota Academy of Sciences 95
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Awaiting Publication Year Published: 2017 Citation: Perilla L�pez, J.M. and P.J. Johnson 2016. Coniophora graminicola Nijveldt (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae), a European gall midge newly discovered in North America. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Submitted Year Published: 2017 Citation: Boe, A., P. Johnson, V. Owens, D. Lee, J. Guo and J.L. Gonzalez 2017. Genetics and patitioning for biomass of prairie cordgrass compared to switchgrasss on marginal cropland. BioEnergy Research


Progress 10/01/14 to 09/30/15

Outputs
Target Audience:The primary audiences for this work are professional entomologists, ecologists, conservationists, land managers, general public, and biomass feedstock developers and agronomists in need of basic biodiversity and insect-plant association knowledge. Information transfer will be done through scientific publication, popular publication, professional conferences, news and broadcast media, and public lectures and meetings. During the last reporting period the primary target audiences reached were professional entomologists, especially taxonomists and biodiversity specialists, land mangers, seed producers, biomass producers, and agronomists. Changes/Problems: Nothing Reported What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?The project provided training opportunities for a diversity of undergraduate students that were involved with databasing, imaging, and curatorial activities in the Severin-McDaniel Insect Research Collection, and assistance with several field-based research projects by processing samples. Three graduate students, one at the PhD level and two at the MS level conducted research on native bees, ants, and gall midges associated with biomass grasses. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?Results of studies were published in peer review scientific journals, poster and oral presentations at regional and national conferences, and a thesis. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?Continue productivity in research and publication, and training of graduate and undergraduate students.

Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals? Each of the goals of this project were achieved at various levels. The most important to biology and knowledge are that organisms new to science were discovered and either formally described or are in the process of documentation. Inventory of insect biodiversity was continued in native prairie and grasslands as well as farm-scale plantings of native grasses under study for biomass production. Insect-plant associations were studied between switchgrass and gall midges and their parasitoids, prairie cordgrass and a new species of gall midge and its parasitoids, introduced bromegrass and an introduced gall midge and its probably introduced parasitoid, the invasion of native parasitoid guilds on grasses by exotic parasitoids, and gall wasps and aphid parasitoids on cupplant. Taxonomic research was completed on new to science elateroid beetles from the western United States and The Bahamas, and a new species list and country records for Ecuador and Peru. Nomenclatural corrections were published for additional nominal species names. Species new to science were discovered, published upon, or prepared for publication involving elateroid beetles, gall midge flies, gall wasps, aphid parasitoid wasps, and gall midge parasitoid wasps. The Severin-McDaniel Insect Research Collection continued a National Science Foundation funded effort on databasing and curation upgrading, and particiipated in the develoment and testing of a new optical robot designed to enhance database and imaging capacity

Publications

  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2014 Citation: Zurita-Garc�a, M.L., P.J. Johnson and S. Zaragoza-Caballero 2014. Biodiversidad de Elateridae (Coleoptera) en M�xico. Revista Mexicana de Biodiversidad 85: 303-311.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2014 Citation: Westcott, R.L., R.C. Biggam, S. B�ly, W.H. Clark, D.S. Horning, J.B. Johnson, P.J. Johnson, R.E. Morel, R. Nowierski, J. Rifkind, D. & J. Roberts, M.G. Volkovitsch. 2014. In Memory of William Frederick Barr (1920-2011). Giornale Italiano di Entomologia, 13(59): 381-400.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2014 Citation: Johnson, P.J. 2014. Barrelater audreyae, new genus and species, from the United States Intermountain West (Coleoptera: Elateridae). Giornale Italiano di Entomologia, 13(59): 407-412.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2014 Citation: Aguirre-Tapiero, M.P. and P.J. Johnson 2014. A Preliminary Checklist, Classification, and Four New Country Records for the Elateridae (Coleoptera) of Ecuador. Insecta Mundi, 0350: 1-11.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2014 Citation: Johnson, P.J. 2014. New Names for Two Species of Anoplischius Cand�ze (Coleoptera: Elateridae). The Coleopterists Bulletin, 68(2): 282-283.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2014 Citation: Johnson, P.J. 2014. Trixagus steineri (Coleoptera: Throscidae), A New Species and First Genus Record from The Bahamas. Insecta Mundi, 0388: 1-4.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2014 Citation: Johnson, P.J. and S.A. Casari 2014. Melanotus striatus Guimar�es, 1933, a new synonym of Chalcolepidius limbatus Eschscholtz, 1829 (Coleoptera: Elateridae). The Coleopterists Bulletin, 68(3): 600-601.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2014 Citation: Brandt, D., P.J. Johnson, J.E. Losey, M. Catangui and L.S. Hesler 2014. Development and Survivorship of a Predatory Lady Beetle, Coccinella novemnotata, on Various Aphid Diets. BioControl, DOI 10.1007/s10526-014- 9635-2, 9 p.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2014 Citation: Calles Torrez, V., P.J. Johnson and A. Boe 2014. Biology of the Switchgrass Gall Midge (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae). South Dakota Academy of Science 92: 179.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2014 Citation: Winkler, L.B. and P.J. Johnson. 2014. Using Ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) as Indicators of Restoration Success in Temperate Grasslands. South Dakota Academy of Science 92: 185.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2014 Citation: Perilla L�pez, J.M., P.J. Johnson and V. Calles Torrez 2014. Multitrophic Relationships of Chilophaga virgati (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) and Biomass Switchgrass (Panicum virgatum). Entomological Society of America National Conference, Portland, Oregon.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2014 Citation: Johnson, P.J. 2014. The Elateroid Beetles of The Bahamas: Present and Future Diversity. Entomological Society of America National Conference, Portland, Oregon.Entomological Society of America National Conference, Portland, Oregon.


Progress 03/31/14 to 09/30/14

Outputs
Target Audience:The primary audiences for this work are professional entomologists, ecologists, conservationists, land managers, general public, and biomass feedstock developers and agronomists in need of basic biodiversity and insect-plant association knowledge. Information transfer will be done through scientific publication, popular publication, professional conferences, news and broadcast media, and public lectures and meetings. During the last reporting period the primary target audiences reached were professional entomologists, especially taxonomists and biodiversity specialists, land mangers, seed producers, biomass producers, and agronomists. Changes/Problems: Nothing Reported What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?The project provided training opportunities for a diversity of undergraduate students that were involved with databasing, imaging, and curatorial activities in the Severin-McDaniel Insect Research Collection, and assistance with several field-based research projects by processing samples. Three graduate students, one at the PhD level and two at the MS level conducted research on native bees, ants, and gall midges associated with biomass grasses. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?Results of studies were published in peer review scientific journals, poster and oral presentations at regional and national conferences, and a thesis. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?Continue productivity in research and publication, and training of graduate and undergraduate students.

Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals? Each of the goals of this project were achieved at various levels. The most important to biology and knowledge are that organisms new to science were discovered and either formally described or are in the process of documentation. Inventory of insect biodiversity was continued in native prairie and grasslands as well as farm-scale plantings of native grasses under study for biomass production. Insect-plant associations were studied between switchgrass and gall midges and their parasitoids, prairie cordgrass and a new species of gall midge and its parasitoids, introduced bromegrass and an introduced gall midge and its probably introduced parasitoid, the invasion of native parasitoid guilds on grasses by exotic parasitoids, and gall wasps and aphid parasitoids on cupplant. Taxonomic research was completed on new to science elateroid beetles from the western United States and The Bahamas, and a new species list and country records for Ecuador and Peru. Nomenclatural corrections were published for additional nominal species names. Species new to science were discovered, published upon, or prepared for publication involving elateroid beetles, gall midge flies, gall wasps, aphid parasitoid wasps, and gall midge parasitoid wasps. The Severin-McDaniel Insect Research Collection continued a National Science Foundation funded effort on databasing and curation upgrading, and particiipated in the develoment and testing of a new optical robot designed to enhance database and imaging capacity.

Publications

  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2015 Citation: Perilla L�pez, J.M., P.J. Johnson and A. Boe 2015. Grass-feeding gall midges (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) and their parasitoids in eastern South Dakota. Entomological Society of America National Conference, joint with ASA, CSSA, and SSSA, Minneapolis.
  • Type: Theses/Dissertations Status: Published Year Published: 2015 Citation: Perilla Lopez, J.M. 2015. Grass-feeding Gall Midges (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) and Their Parasitoids in Eastern South Dakota. Master of Science, Plant Science. South Dakota State University. 64p.
  • Type: Theses/Dissertations Status: Published Year Published: 2015 Citation: Velez-Ruiz, R.I. 2015. A Revisioin of the Bee Genus Ptiloglossa Smith (Hymenoptera: Colletidae: Diphaglossinae). PhD dissertation, Plant Science-Entomology, South Dakota State University. 341p.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Awaiting Publication Year Published: 2016 Citation: Johnson, P.J. and L.A. Hesler 2016. Tenomerga cinerea (Say) (Coleoptera: Cupedidae), a new South Dakota state record for the family. The Coleopterists Bulletin, in press.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Awaiting Publication Year Published: 2016 Citation: Perilla L�pez, J.M. and P.J. Johnson 2015. The ergot beetle, Acylomus pugetanus Casey (Coleoptera: Phalacridae), is parasitized by a Mesopolobus Walker (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae). The Coleopterists Bulletin 70(1): in press.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Awaiting Publication Year Published: 2016 Citation: Johnson, P.J. and C.S. Chaboo 2016. Beetles (Coleoptera) of Peru: A Survey of the Families. Throscidae Laporte, 1840. Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society, 88(3): in press.
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2015 Citation: Johnson, P.J. 2015. Two new species, a new country record, and a key to the species of Aulonothroscus Horn (Coleoptera: Throscidae) from The Bahamas. Insecta Mundi 0412: 1-6.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Accepted Year Published: 2015 Citation: Assefa, T, J. Wu, K.A. Albrecht, P.J. Johnson, A. Boe. 2015. Genetic Variation for Biomass and Related Morphological Traits in Cup Plant (Silphium perfoliatum L.). American Journal of Plant Sciences 6: 1098-1108.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2015 Citation: Johnson, P.J. 2015. Aeolus variegatus Curtis is a synonym of Pomachilius subfasciatus (Germar) (Coleoptera: Elateridae). The Coleopterists Bulletin, 69(3): 402-404.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2015 Citation: Johnson, P.J. 2015. A new species of Drapetes Megerle (Coleoptera: Elateridae), with taxonomic summaries and a key to the species of northern North America. Insecta Mundi 0445: 1-13.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2015 Citation: Johnson, P.J. and C.S. Chaboo 2015. Beetles (Coleoptera) of Peru: A survey of the families. Byrrhidae Latreille 1804. Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society, 88(2): 267-268.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2015 Citation: Johnson, P.J. and C.S. Chaboo 2015. Beetles (Coleoptera) of Peru: A survey of the families. Elateridae Leach 1815. Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society, 88(2): 269-272.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2015 Citation: Chaboo, C.S. and P.J. Johnson 2015. Beetles (Coleoptera) of Peru: A survey of the families. Cerophytidae Latreille 1834. Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society, 88(2): 273.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2015 Citation: Perilla L�pez, J.M., R. Gagn�, Johnson, P.J., and A. Boe 2015. A new species of Stenodiplosis (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) on Spartina grasses (Poaceae) with notes on its biology and its parasitoid Tetrastichus bromi (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae). Zootaxa, 4057(1): 115-124.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2015 Citation: Johnson, P.J. 2015. Case 3694. Pomachilius variegatus Schwarz, 1904 (Insecta, Coleoptera, ELATERIDAE): proposed conservation of the specific name by suppression of the name Aeolus variegatus Curtis, 1839. Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature, 72(4): 286-287.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2015 Citation: Perilla L�pez, J.M., P.J. Johnson and A. Boe 2015. Morphological and ecological discrimination of two Stenodiplosis (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) on Alopecurus arundinaceus, A. pratensis and Bromus inermis in eastern South Dakota. Proceedings of the South Dakota Academy of Sciences 94: 289-295.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2015 Citation: Boe, A. and P.J. Johnson 2015. First report of seed predators of Platte milkvetch, Astragalus plattensis Nutt, ex T.&G. Proceedings of the South Dakota Academy of Sciences,94: 297-301.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2015 Citation: Yefremova, Z., J. Manuel Perilla L�pez, E. Yegorenkova and P.J. Johnson 2015. Aprostocetus Westwood (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) on Stenodiplosis Reuter (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae), with notes on hosts, associates, and community invasion. 4th International Entomophagous Insects Conference, 4-9 October 2015, Torre del Mar, M�laga, Spain.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2015 Citation: Johnson, P.J. 2015. Elateroid beetles of The Bahamas: present and future diversity. Proceedings of the South Dakota Academy of Science 94: 375.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2015 Citation: Clark, W.H., P.E. Blom and P.J Johnson 2015. Philolithus elatus (LeConte) associated with Pogonomyrmex salinus Olsen nest soils in southeastern Idaho. 57th Idaho Academy of science and Engineering Annual Meeting and Symposium, Boise, Idaho.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2015 Citation: Perilla L�pez, J.M., P.J. Johnson, Z. Yefremova, E. Yegorenkova, and A. Boe 2015. Tetrastichus bromi (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) Invaded Parasitoid Guilds of Stenodiplosis (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) in the Northern Great Plains. Entomological Society of America National Conference, joint with ASA, CSSA, and SSSA, Minneapolis.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2015 Citation: Clark, W.H., P.E. Blom and P.J. Johnson 2015. Philolithus (Gonasida) elatus (LeConte) associated with Pogonomyrmex salinus Olsen nest soils in southeastern Idaho. Idaho Academy of Science and Engineering, Boise, Idaho.