Source: LOUISIANA STATE UNIVERSITY submitted to NRP
THE SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING FOR A BIOBASED INDUSTRY AND ECONOMY
Sponsoring Institution
National Institute of Food and Agriculture
Project Status
COMPLETE
Funding Source
HATCH
Reporting Frequency
Annual
Accession No.
1002153
Grant No.
(N/A)
Cumulative Award Amt.
(N/A)
Proposal No.
(N/A)
Multistate No.
S-1041
Project Start Date
Dec 5, 2013
Project End Date
Sep 30, 2018
Grant Year
(N/A)
Program Code
[(N/A)]- (N/A)
Recipient Organization
LOUISIANA STATE UNIVERSITY
202 HIMES HALL
BATON ROUGE,LA 70803-0100
Performing Department
School of Nutrition and Food Sciences
Non Technical Summary
The primary objective of this project is to test the hypothesis that bio-binders for asphalt can be prepared from the heavy lignin oligomer/glucosan fraction of a biomass fast pyrolysis effluent and from wood processing residues such as residual tall oil and wood tar. Fast pyrolysis of non-recyclabale natural and synthetic textiles (such as carpets ) will be also considered as a source of bio-binders. The use of lignin from fractionated biomass, as well as from pulp industry, as bio-additive in asphalt industry and/or to prepare composite materials will be invetsigated. The asphalt-related applications and performance of the bio-binders, both separately and as blends with polymer modified and crumb rubber modified asphalt cements (PMAC and CRM, respectively), as well as with reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAS) and recyclabale asphalt shingles (RAS) , will be compared to conventional petroleum-based asphalt mixtures. Proposed research activities will build a strong foundation for the future commercialization and use of wood waste and other woody biomass in the production of asphalt bio-binders. The processes described herein have great potential to improve the cost-competitiveness of the biofuels process, as wood waste biomass residues are themselves byproducts and already available in large quantity not only in Louisiana but throughout the country. Moreover, the bio-asphalt products will help reduce the transportation industries' dependence on fossil fuels. The investigations will follow a comprehensive approach that will fill in the gaps in our knowledge by: (1) obtaining the best feed-stocks or bio-asphalt binders through separation and blending processes; (2) characterizing the rheological properties and molecular compositions of bio-binders from fast pyrolysis oils, tall oils and tar pitches; (3) validating that the proposed materials are in fact suitable as partial substitutes for petroleum-based asphalt binders, either alone or in combination; (4) characterizing the performance of asphalt mixtures prepared with bio-binders in the laboratory and simulated field.
Animal Health Component
20%
Research Effort Categories
Basic
50%
Applied
20%
Developmental
30%
Classification

Knowledge Area (KA)Subject of Investigation (SOI)Field of Science (FOS)Percent
5110650202050%
4035120200050%
Knowledge Area
511 - New and Improved Non-Food Products and Processes; 403 - Waste Disposal, Recycling, and Reuse;

Subject Of Investigation
5120 - Textiles; 0650 - Wood and wood products;

Field Of Science
2020 - Engineering; 2000 - Chemistry;
Goals / Objectives
Investigate and develop sustainable technologies to convert biomass resources into chemicals, energy, materials and other value added products.
Project Methods
One of the issues concerning environmental sustainability is determining how to make production, distribution, and consumption of goods and services last longer and have less impact on our ecological systems consisting of all plants, animals and micro-organisms in an area functioning together with all of the non-living physical factors of the environment. Sustainability in the hot mix asphalt (HMA) industry is perceived by using bio-additives (such as bio-asphalts and bio-rejuvenators) and/or recycled materials to replace a percentage of virgin materials utilized in the manufacturing process of asphalt paving materials. Therefore this research will be conducted to characterize paving asphalt mixtures (a paving mixture is a blend of aggregates and up to 5% asphalt binder) utilizing bio-derived materials, such as bio-asphalts and engineered bio-additives, as well as recycled asphalt pavement (RAP) and recycled asphalts from shingles (RAS). More and more newly constructed roads have been using polymer modified asphalt cement (PMAC) in conjunction with reclaimed asphalt materials for better pavement performances. The American Association of State Highways and Transportation Officials (AASHTO) have a standard practice for design considerations when using RAS in HMA mixtures, AASHTO Designation: PP 53-09, 2009. This standard practice provides guidance for designing new hot mix asphalt (HMA) that contains RAS and it will be observed throughout the projected investigations. Afactorial design will be considered for evaluation and analysis to determine the effects of bio-asphalts, RAS, RAP, and bio-engineered additives on the performance of the HMA mixtures considered in this project. The technique of Attenuated Total Reflectance (ATR) will be used for Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopic characterization at molecular level of all materials involved in this project. Molecular mass of species composing bio-binders and AC (virgin and recycled), as well as of the engineering additives will be determined by Gel Permeation Chromatography (GPC) method. Asphalt cement binders (virgin binder blended or not with different amounts of bio-binder, RAS binder, RAP binder and polymeric additives, such as styrene-butadiene elastomers and crumb-rubber from recycled tires, as well as lignin from fractionated bio-mass) will be tested and characterized according to AASHTO P P6, "Practice for Grading or Verifying the Performance Grade of an Asphalt Binder" in order to determine the effect of the engineered (bio-)additives on asphalt cements considered in this project. The rheological properties of all asphalt cement (AC) binders will be measured on aged and un-aged binders in accordance with AASHTO test methods. Binders and modified asphalt binders will be subjected to thin film oven testing (TFOT, Thin-Film Oven Test AASHTO T179-93 or ASTM D1754-97) and/or Rolling Thin-Film Oven Test, RTFO (AASHTO T240-97 or ASTM D2872-97) which is to simulate the aging of the asphalt binder during mixing and construction operations (short term). A pressure aging vessel, PAV (Accelerated Aging of Asphalt Binder Using a Pressurized Aging Vessel, PAV, AASHTO Standard PP1-98) will be used to simulate binder aging during the service life (long term). In order to measure the binder properties at high construction temperatures to assure pumping and handling during production; the AASHTO T 316-06 "Standard Method of Test for Viscosity Determination of Asphalt Binder Using Rotational Viscometer" for determining the viscosity of the asphalt binder at 135°C will be observed. The Dynamic Shear Rheometer (DSR) test, which measures the binder properties at high and intermediate service temperatures to determine its resistance to permanent deformation (rutting) and fatigue cracking, will be conducted in accordance with AASHTO T 315-06 "Standard Method of Test for Determining the Rheological Properties of Asphalt Binder Using a Dynamic Shear Rheometer (DSR)" method. In addition, the Bending Beam Rheometer (BBR) test used to measure the asphalt cement binder properties at low service temperature to determine its resistance to thermal cracking, will be performed according to AASHTO T 313-06 "Standard Method of Test for Determining the Flexural Creep Stiffness of Asphalt Binder Using the Bending Beam Rheometer (BBR)". An additional tests will be considered in order to determine the elastic properties of the asphalt cements considered in this project - "Standard Method of Test for Multiple Stress Creep Recovery ( MSCR) Test of Asphalt Binder Using a Dynamic Shear Rheometer (DSR)". The MSCR test provides high temperature binder specification criteria that are utilized to indicate the rutting potential of the asphalt cement binder. Cracking potential of pavements containing virgin AC and recycled and bio-derived products will be evaluated using the Semi Circular B Test Method (SCB) test procedure developed at Louisiana Transportation Research Center, where most of physical measurements will be conducted. The critical strain energy release rate, also called the critical value of J-integral (Jc), will describe the resistance to fracture of paving mixtures. To evaluate the recyclability of asphalt mixes prepared with bio-binders, reclaimed materials (RAP and RAS) and bio-additives, asphalt samples will be aged by placing the compacted mixtures (cores) in an oven at 85 ± 3°C for 120 hours. The aged bio-binder will be extracted and analyzed (FTIR, NMR, GPC, DSR) comparatively with the characteristics of original materials. The most promising candidates will then be selected and used in the design of asphalt mixtures. Analysis of mixtures will be performed according to specific methods and instrumentation at the Louisiana Trasportation Research Center (LTRC) from Baton Rouge, LA.

Progress 12/05/13 to 09/30/18

Outputs
Target Audience: Academic media and industrial research and development departments on paving materials, asphalt producers, the highway paving contractors, Federal Highway Administration, Louisiana Department of Transportation and Development (LADOTD) and other similar US agencies. Changes/Problems: Nothing Reported What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?Training activities: A post-doctoral research associate has been trained with Professor I. Negulescu as mentor for characterization of asphalt cements containing RAS, RAP, polymers and recycled tire rubber as high molecular components of paving materials. Two PhD graduating students and one MS grad student have been trained for preparation and characterization of asphalt binders and paving mixtures Professional development: increased knowledge of laboratory technicians in the expertise area of determination of asphalt species in paving materials containing RAS and RAP. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest? Eight presentations have been made in 2018 at US meetings with international participation. The results have been also disseminated by publication of three peer-reviewed papers in journals dedicated to road materials and paving design. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals? Nothing Reported

Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals? Utilization of asphalts from reclaimed roof shingles (RAS) and reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) in paving binders has been on an increased slope in immediate past years in US in order to lower the costs of pavements. Therefore preparation of paving asphalt binders with recycled asphalt materials has been a major objective of investigations. To this aim, paving mixtures containing blends of virgin asphalts with RAS and RAP, modified with bio-derived agents (such as vegetable oils) with/without crumb rubber from recycled tires have been produced and analyzed. Due to the rigidity of RAS/RAP containing binders and cracking reduced resistance at intermediate temperature, a light activated self-healing polymer was used in this study viz., oxetane-substituted chitosan polyurethane (OXE-CHI-PUR). The biomass-derived chitosan was selected to provide UV light sensitivity. This novel polymer has the ability to self-repair upon exposure to UV light, through the remodeling of damaged network. During the micro-crack appearance in asphalt pavement containing light-activated self-healing polymer, different chemical bonds in OXE-CHI-PUR will be broken and healed. The content of asphalt species has been correlated with physical characteristics of mixtures determined at standard high and low temperatures of US pavements. The presence of high molecular weight elastomeric species in asphalt binder blends appears necessary to obtain acceptable intermediate temperature cracking performance. Therefore the presence of crumb rubber from recycled tires in asphalt binder contributed to the increase in percent high molecular weight species that provided an enhanced mixture rut resistance.

Publications

  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: Negulescu I., et al. (2018). Influence of cooling medium on low temperature strength of asphalt binders. Construction and Building Materials,Volume 162, Pages 80-87.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: Negulescu I., et al. (2018). Impact of Various Crumb Rubber Modifications on Asphalt Binder and Mixture Properties. Journal of the Association of Asphalt Paving Technologists, Vol. 87, Pages 411-441.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: Negulescu I., et al. (2018). Effects of Light-Activated Self-Healing Polymers on the Rheological Behaviors of Asphalt Binder Containing Recycled Asphalt Shingles. Journal of the Transportation Research Board, DOI: 10.1177/0361198118772726.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2108 Citation: Taesun You, Sreelatha Balamurugan, Ioan I. Negulescu , Munir Nazal, Louay N. Mohammad and William H. Daly. Rheological, Chemical, Micro-Mechanical, and Mechanical Properties of Re-refine Engine Oil Bottoms (REOB) Modified Binders. 97th Transportation Research Board Annual Meeting. January 14-18, 2018, Washington, D.C.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2018 Citation: Max Aguirre, Marwa Hassan, Sharareh Shirzad; Samuel Cooper, Ioan I Negulescu and Louay N. Mohammad, Evaluation of Hollow-Fibers Encapsulating a Rejuvenator in Asphalt Binder with Recycled Asphalt Shingles. 97th Transportation Research Board Annual Meeting. January 14-18, 2018, Washington, D.C.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2018 Citation: Shirzad, S., Hassan, M. M., Aguirre, M. A., Cooper, S., Negulescu, I. I. Effects of Light-Activated Self-Healing Polymers on the Rheological Behaviors of Asphalt Binder Containing Recycled Asphalt Shingles. 97th Transportation Research Board Annual Meeting. January 14-18, 2018, Washington, D.C.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2018 Citation: Shirzad, S., Hassan, M. M., Aguirre, M. A., Cooper, S., Mohammad, L. N., & Negulescu, I. I. Effects of Light-Activated Self-Healing Polymers on the Rheological Behaviors of Asphalt Binder Containing Recycled Asphalt Materials. Louisiana Transportation Conference, February 25 - 28, 2018, Raising Cane's River, Baton Rouge, LA.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: Sreelatha Balamurugan, Louay N. Mohammad, William H. Daly, Ioan I. Negulescu, Samuel B. Cooper, III, Samuel B. Cooper, Jr., and Gaylon L. Baumgardner. Impact of Various Crumb Rubber Modifications on Asphalt Binder and Mixture Properties. 93rd Association of Asphalt Paving Technologists Annual Meeting, March 18-21, 2018, Jacksonville, Florida.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2018 Citation: Sharareh Shirzad, Marwa M. Hassan, Max A. Aguirre, Samuel Cooper, Jr., Negulescu, Ioan I and Louay N. Mohammad. Enhancing the Durability and the Service Life of Asphalt Pavements through Innovative Light-Induced Self-Healing Material. TranSET Annual Conference April 3-4, 2018, New Orleans, LA.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2018 Citation: Aguirre, M. A., Hassan, M. M., Shirzad, S., Cooper, S., Negulescu, I. I., Mohammad, L. N. (2018). Development of a Self-Healing and Rejuvenating Mechanism for Asphalt Mixtures Containing Recycled Materials. TranSET Annual Conference April 3-4, 2018, New Orleans, LA.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2018 Citation: William H. Daly, Sreelatha Balamurugan, Louay N. Mohammad, Ioan Negulescu, Samuel B. Cooper, III, Samuel B. Cooper, Jr. and Gaylon L. Baumgardner. Impact of Various Crumb Rubber Modifications on Asphalt Binder and Mixture Properties. 55th Petersen Asphalt Research International Conference, UW Conference Center Laramie, Wyoming, July 15-18, 2018


Progress 10/01/16 to 09/30/17

Outputs
Target Audience:Academic media and industrial research and development departments on paving materials, asphalt producers, the highway paving contractors, Federal Highway Administration, Louisiana Department of Transportation and Development (LADOTD) and other similar US state agencies. Changes/Problems: Nothing Reported What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?Training activities: A post-doctoral research associate has been trained with Professor I. Negulescu as mentor for advanced characterization of asphalt paving binders containing recycled materials and rejuvenators. Professional development: increased knowledge of laboratory technicians in the expertise area characterization of paving materials containing aged asphalts, recycling agents and bio-rejuvenators. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?Three presentations have been made at the 96th Transportation Research Board Annual Meeting. January 8-12, 2017, Washington, D.C. The results have also been disseminated in 2017 May Spring (Ames, IA) and September Fall (Bozeman, MT) Meetings of the Federal High Way Administration Expert Technical Group (ETG) on asphalt binders and by publication of three papers in peer-reviewed international journals dedicated to road materials and paving design. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?Investigation of asphalt mixtures prepared by blending of aggregates with virgin and reclaimed asphalts, modified with synthetic polymers and/or used tire crumb rubbers, and bio-derived agents. Dissemination of results at the 97th Annual Meeting of the Transportation Research, January 14-18, 2018, Washington, D.C., and the 93rd AAPT Annual Meeting, March 18-21, 2018, Jacksonville, Florida, as well as publication of data in peer-reviewed international journals of high visibility on materials in civil engineering.

Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals? Microencapsulation of rejuvenator was introduced as a new technology to increase the efficiency of rejuvenators toward improving the self-healing rate of asphalt pavement. Self-healing products such as microcapsules filled with an asphalt rejuvenator present an emerging approach that would allow asphalt mixtures to resist cracking damage caused by vehicular and environmental loading. The objective of this study was to characterize laboratory-prepared microcapsules in order to evaluate thermal stability as well as the self-healing effectiveness of the microcapsules. A greater stiffness recovery was observed at high-temperature, which could be explained by the thixotropy of the binder when heated. Healing of the cracks was evident in all mixtures through digital image analysis and exhibited high efficiency. The mixtures containing sunflower oil as a bio-derived rejuvenator showed the best performance in self-healing efficiency. At the same time, as the price of asphalt binder continues to rise, state agencies are looking for sustainable ways to reduce the cost of asphalt pavements without compromising performance. One such alternative is the use of crumb rubber, derived from waste tires, in binders of asphalt mixtures. Blending virgin asphalt binder with ambient or cryogenic ground crumb rubbers along with additional modifiers to produce sustainable asphalt mixtures was studied. Thermogravimetric Analysis was used to determine the natural rubber to synthetic rubber ratio in the ground tire rubbers. Gel Permeation Chromatography was used to investigate the molecular structure and changes occurring in the asphalt binder on blending with rubber/modifier. Scanning electron microscopy was used to examine the physical nature of the binder blends. Mixtures prepared from modified binders were characterized using Semi Circular Bend test at intermediate temperature and Hamburg wheel tracking test. Correlation of physical properties of crumb rubber modified asphalt binder with apparent molecular weight of binder components was examined. It was noted that the presence of high molecular weight elastomeric species in asphalt binder blends is necessary to obtain acceptable intermediate temperature cracking performance. Presence of crumb rubber in asphalt binder contributed to the increase in percent high molecular weight species that provided an enhanced mixture rut resistance.

Publications

  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2017 Citation: Negulescu, Ioan I. et al., Laboratory Testing of Self-Healing Microcapsules in Asphalt Mixtures Prepared with Recycled Asphalt Shingles. Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering, Volume 29, Issue 9 (2017). Ahead of Print: https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)MT.1943-533.0001942.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2017 Citation: Negulescu, Ioan. Rheological, Chemical and Mechanical Properties of Re-refined Engine Oil Bottoms (REOB) Modified Binder. FHWA Asphalt Binder Expert Task Group Meeting, Bozeman, Montana, September 19-20, 2017
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2017 Citation: Negulescu, Ioan I. et al., Microencapsulated Sunflower Oil for Rejuvenation of Asphalt Mixtures. Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering, Volume 29, Issue 9 (2017). Ahead of Print: https://doi.org/10.1061/ (ASCE)MT.1943-5533.0001988
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2017 Citation: Negulescu, Ioan I. et al., Asphalt mixtures containing RAS and/or RAP: Relationships Amongst Binder Composition Analysis and Mixture Intermediate Temperature Cracking Performance. Road Materials and Pavement Design (2017), 18(sup1), 209-234
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Accepted Year Published: 2108 Citation: Negulescu, Ioan I. et al., Impact of Various Crumb Rubber Modifications on Asphalt Binder and Mixture Properties. Journal of the Association of Asphalt Paving Technologists, Vol. 87 (2018).
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Under Review Year Published: 2018 Citation: Negulescu, Ioan I. et al., Influence of Cooling Medium on Low Temperature Strength of Asphalt Binders. Journal of Construction and Building Materials, Vol 138 (2018).
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2017 Citation: Ioan Negulescu et al., Performance of Asphalt Rejuvenators in Hot Mix Asphalt Mixtures Containing Recycled Asphalt Shingles. 96th Transportation Research Board Annual Meeting. January 8-12, 2017, Washington, D.C.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2017 Citation: Ioan Negulescu et al., Evaluation of Self-Healing Mechanism in Asphalt Mixtures Containing Recycled Asphalt Shingles, 96th Transportation Research Board Annual Meeting. January 8-12, 2017, Washington, D.C.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2017 Citation: Ioan Negulescu et al. Evaluation of Self-Healing Process Induced by Sunflower Oil Microcapsules in Asphalt Mixtures. 96th Transportation Research Board Annual Meeting. January 8-12, 2017, Washington, D.C.


Progress 10/01/15 to 09/30/16

Outputs
Target Audience:Academic media and industrial research and development departments on paving materials, asphalt producers, the highway paving contractors, Federal Highway Administration, Louisiana Department of Transportation and Development (LADOTD) and other similar US state agencies Changes/Problems: Nothing Reported What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?Training activities: A post-doctoral research associate has been trained for characterization of asphalt cements containing RAS, RAP and REOB as paving materials. Professional development: increased knowledge of laboratory technicians inexpertiseof determination of asphalt species in paving materials containing RAS, RAP, recycling agents and bio-rejuvenators. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?A presentations has been made at the 2016 annual meeting of the Asphalt Paving Technologists. The results have also been disseminated in 2016 Spring and Fall Meetings of the Federal Highway Administration Expert Technical Group (ETG) on asphalt binders and by publication of data in international journals dedicated to road materials and paving design. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?Investigation of asphalt mixtures prepared by blending of aggregates with virgin asphalt, reclaimed RAS and/or RAP, modified with bio-derived agents. Dissemination of results at the 96th Annual Meeting of the Transportation Research, January 8-12, 2017, Washington, D.C., as well as publication of data in international journals dedicated to materials in civil engineering.

Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals? Utilization of asphalt from reclaimed roof shingles in paving binders has been on an increased slope in past years in US to lower the costs of pavements. Therefore paving of asphalt roads with binders containing recycled asphalt shingles (RAS) has been a major objective of investigations. To this aim, paving mixtures containing blends of virgin asphalts and RAS with/without reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP), modified with recycled agents (i.e., recycled spent bottom motor oil, REOB) and/or bio-derived rejuvenators (i.e., microencapsulated vegetable oil) have been laboratory produced. A chromatographic method (gel permeation chromatography, GPC) has been adopted for determination of the content of RAS, RAP and REOB species contributing to asphalt blends as paving binders. The main objective of these studies was to correlate the molecular structure of asphalt binders of conventional asphalt mixtures as well as of mixtures containingRAS, RAP and REOB with their cracking potential at intermediate temperature. Laboratory testing evaluated molecular composition using GPC, extent of aging using Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and fracture resistance (cracking potential) at 25°C of laboratory produced mixtures using the semi-circular bend (SCB) test.

Publications

  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2016 Citation: Negulescu, Ioan et al. Asphalt mixtures containing RAS and/or RAP: relationships amongst binder composition analysis and mixture intermediate temperature cracking performance International Journal of Road Materials and Pavement Design. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14680629.2016.1266758
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Awaiting Publication Year Published: 2017 Citation: Negulescu, Ioan et al. Laboratory Testing of Self-Healing Microcapsules in Asphalt Mixtures Prepared with Recycled Asphalt Shingles. Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering, Volume 29, Issue 4 (2017)
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Awaiting Publication Year Published: 2017 Citation: Negulescu, Ioan et al. Asphalt mixtures containing RAS and/or RAP: relationships amongst binder composition analysis and mixture intermediate temperature cracking performance. 91st Association of Asphalt Paving Technologists' Annual Meeting, March 13-16, 2016, Indianapolis, IN


Progress 10/01/14 to 09/30/15

Outputs
Target Audience:Academic media and industrial research and development departments on paving materials, asphalt producers, the highway paving contractors, Federal Highway Administration, Louisiana Department of Transportation and Development (LADOTD) and other similar US state agencies. Changes/Problems: Nothing Reported What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?Training activities: A post-doctoral research associate has been trained with Professor I. Negulescu as mentor for characterization of asphalt cements containing RAS and RAP as paving materials. Professional development: increased knowledge of laboratory technicians in the expertise area of determination of asphalt species in paving materials containing RAS and RAP. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest? Presentations have been made at the 2015 annual meeting of the Asphalt Paving Technologists (one) and at the US DOT Expert Technical Binder Group meetings (two) regarding the analysis of paving mixtures containing reclaimed RAS and RAP materials. The results have been also disseminated by publication of data in an international journal dedicated to road materials and paving design. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?Investigation of asphalt mixtures prepared by blending of aggregates with virgin asphalt, reclaimed RAS and/or RAP, modified with additives such as reclaimed motor oils and/or bio-derived agents. Dissemination of results at the 2016 annual meeting of the Asphalt Paving Technologists, as well as publication of data in an international journal dedicated to road materials and paving design.

Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals? Utilization of asphalts from reclaimed roof shingles in paving binders has been on an increased slope in the recent past in US in order to lower the costs of pavements. Therefore preparation of paving asphalt binders with recycled asphalt shingles (RAS) has been a major objective of investigations. To this aim, paving mixtures containing blends of virgin asphalts and RAS with/without reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) modified with bio-derived agents have been produced and analyzed in order to develop a method for determination of the content of RAS and RAP species contributing to asphalt blends as paving binders. The content of asphalt species has been correlated with physical characteristics of mixtures determined at standard high and low temperatures of US pavements.

Publications

  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2015 Citation: Negulescu I., et al. Binder Composition and Intermediate Temperature Cracking Performance of Asphalt Mixtures Containing Recycled Asphalt Shingles, International Journal of Road Materials and Pavement Design. 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14680629.2015.1077013, 1-21.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2015 Citation: Negulescu I., et al. Binder Composition and Intermediate Temperature Cracking Performance of Asphalt Mixtures Containing Recycled Asphalt Shingles, 2015 Association of Asphalt Paving Technologist Annual Meeting, March 8-11, 2015 Portland Marriott Downtown Waterfront, Portland, OR
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Accepted Year Published: 2016 Citation: Negulescu I., et al. Binder Composition and Intermediate Temperature Cracking Performance of Asphalt Mixtures Containing Recycled Asphalt Shingles, International Journal of Road Materials and Pavement Design. 2016.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2015 Citation: Negulescu et al., Design Consideration of Asphalt Mixtures Containing RAP and/or RAS: Asphalt Rejuvenation, USDOT Federal Highway Administration, Binder Expert Technical Group Meeting, University of Massachusetts Dartmouth - Fall River, MA, April 9-10, 2015.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2015 Citation: Negulescu et al., Effect of Re-refined Engine Oil Bottoms on Laboratory Performance of Asphalt Mixtures Containing Recycled Asphalt Shingles, USDOT Federal Highway Administration, Binder Expert Technical Group Meeting Oklahoma City, OK, September 15-16, 2015


Progress 12/05/13 to 09/30/14

Outputs
Target Audience: Academic media and industrial research and development departments on paving materials, asphalt producers, the highway paving contractors, Federal Highway Administration, Louisiana Department of Transportation and Development (LADOTD) and other similar US state agencies. Changes/Problems: Nothing Reported What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided? Training activities: A post-doctoral research associate has been trained with Professor I. Negulescu as mentor for characterization of asphalt cements for grading as paving materials. Professional development: increased knowledge of laboratory technicians in the expertise area of determination of binder resistance at negative temperatures How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest? Two presentations have been made at the 2014 annual meeting of the Asphalt Paving Technologists - an international event - regarding the utilization of reclaimed rubber tire in asphalt paving and on cooling media for determination of binder resistance at low temperatures. The results have been also disseminated by publication of data in an international journal dedicated to road materials and paving design. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals? Investigation of asphalt mixtures prepared by blending of aggregates with virgin asphalt, reclaimed asphalt paving and/or reclaimed asphalt shingles, modified with bio-derived agents. Dissemination of results at the 2015 annual meeting of the Asphalt Paving Technologists, as well as publication of data in an international journal dedicated to road materials and paving design.

Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals? Utilization of reclaimed tire rubber (RTR) in asphalt binders has been adopted nationally in order to improve the characteristics of pavements both at low and high temperatures. Therefore preparation of paving asphalt binders with rubber from RTR (containing natural and synthetic rubber in various ratios) has been a major objective of investigations. To this aim, blends of natural rubber and styrene-butadiene-rubber (SBR) have been analyzed by thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA) in order to develop a method for determination of the content of natural and synthetic rubber. In another venue it has been demonstrated that the standard cooling liquids usedfor determination of low-temperature resistance of paving materials might give erroneous results due to the interaction with asphalt binders.

Publications

  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2014 Citation: Negulescu I., et al. Quantitative Analysis of Functional Polymer in Recycled Tire Rubber Used in Modified Asphalt Binders. Road Materials and Pavement Design, Vol. 15, Suppl. 1, pp. 263-278 (2014).
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2014 Citation: Negulescu, I., et al. Influence of cooling medium on low temperature strength of asphalt binders, 89th Annual Meeting - Association of Asphalt Paving Technologists?, March 16-19, 2014, Atlanta, GA.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2014 Citation: Negulescu, I., et al. Influence of cooling medium on low temperature strength of asphalt binders. International Journal of Road Materials and Pavement Design, Vol. 15, S1, pp 28-44 (2014).
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2014 Citation: Negulescu, I., et al. Quantitative analysis of functional polymer in recycled tire rubber used in modified asphalt binders, 89th Annual Meeting - Association of Asphalt Paving Technologists?,
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2014 Citation: Negulescu I., et al. Investigation of Asphalt Mixture Strength at Low Temperatures with the Bending Beam Rheometer. Road Materials and Pavement Design, Vol. 15, Suppl. 1, pp. 28-44 (2014).
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2014 Citation: Negulescu, I. et al. Investigation of Asphalt Mixture Strength at Low Temperatures with the Bending Beam Rheometer. Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of Association of Asphalt Paving Technologists held in Atlanta, Georgia, on March 16-19, 2014.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2014 Citation: Negulescu, I. et al. Quantitative Analysis of Functional Polymer in Recycled Tire Rubber Used in Modified Asphalt Binders. Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of Association of Asphalt Paving Technologists held in Atlanta, Georgia, on March 16-19, 2014.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2014 Citation: Negulescu, I., et al. I. Quantitative analysis of functional polymer in recycled tire rubber used in modified asphalt binders. International Journal of Road Materials and Pavement Design, Vol. 15, S1, pp 263-278 (2014).